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This paper studies the evolution and current situation of the topic Journalistic Production in the training of journalists when fifty years of university studies in Spain are marked with the creation of the first Faculties of Information Sciences. From the research field and from the university training field, a delimitation of Journalistic Production with respect to other areas has not been conducted yet. Our main goal is to know the representation of the subject Journalistic Production in the training proposal of Spanish public universities within the framework of the European Higher Education Area. We carry out a content analysis of the lecturing guides of 282 courses belonging to the study plans of the degrees and double degrees in Journalism of 22 Spanish public universities, where we quantitatively observe the offer of specific contents of Journalistic Production by kind of subjects, credits, courses and knowledge areas and, also, qualitatively the jargon of the subjects and the specificity degree in the treatment of the contents. We conclude that there is a stable presence of contents on Journalistic Production, although they are perceived as fragmented and scattered in varied courses, as well as a lack of recognition in the terminology of subjects and a low or very low level of specificity in the contents lectured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual paper focusses on two fronts forming a broad assault on journalism, extending from more autocratic settings to include liberal democracies, and leading to what is now widely perceived as a crisis in news. We analyze these two attacks by presenting a framework integrating their sources and causes. We argue that the first attack emanates from commercialized media, occurring at economic and normative level, and has created, at least in part, the conditions that have enabled the more recent attack, which is more directly political, associated with the re-emergence of forces that are loosely categorized as populist. What is new in the second front is the geography and the constitutional nature of the societies in which this antagonism has grown. It extends now to long-established representative democracies that have come to be governed, or where new influence is wielded, by emergent right movements and parties who seek to cast the press as the enemy within. Abuse and even mortal danger increasingly have become part of the occupational reality of news-making. We conclude that this development is inscribed in the current material conditions under which journalists work, as well as in the materiality of the media through which they do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main subject discussed in this paper concerns the question: would more women journalists alter the gender perspective in news productions? The article is divided into three parts. In the first, the discourse is approached from a gender perspective, explained by Teun van Dijk (2017) and Linda Steiner (2017). The second part is reserved for a bibliographical review of some researches which emphasize gender differentiation in newsrooms. Some of them point out differences in media representations and take into account the number of women working as jounalists. However, more recent research contextualizes the socio-cultural insertion of media professionals, considering gender roles in society. Since the feminization of newsrooms is a phenomenon that happens at the same time happens the communicational crisis in the beginning of this century, five strategies proposed by Margaret Gallagher (2004) are presented. It is a manual to change the current scenario. The author's point of view comprises media than other the news and is based on gender perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the media coverage of the 2019 Women's Soccer World Cup, in Brazilian sports news websites (Globo Esporte, UOL Esporte, ESPN, Torcedores.com and Placar). It aims to map the space granted to this year's World Cup, in which there has been a significant increase in television media coverage, which included TV Globo, the country's leading network, compared to previous editions. The theoretical framework discusses the relationship between the concepts of agenda-setting and newsworthiness to interpret the large quantitative and qualitative growth in coverage on women's soccer, until recently practically invisible in the eyes of the mainstream media. The method used to process and classify the 926 units present in the corpus was content analysis, from which it was possible to identify patterns and thematic recurrences in the media coverage of the World Cup. Among the main results, we highlight a 533% growth in the number of news between the 2015 and 2019 World Cups on Brazilian sports websites. The research is a theoretical contribution to the Sociology of Journalism, Communication Science and studies about women's football in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the main findings of a qualitative study of news on femicides appearing in leading native digital news outlets in Spain. The study focused on 267 news items published in five digital news outlets between 1 January and 31 December 2017. The selection of the news outlets was based on their readership numbers and whether or not their editorial lines adopted a gender or feminist perspective. In order to assess ethical quality, the tool designed by Zurbano-Berenguer and García-Gordillo (2017) was used. Based on this tool, the results indicate the following: (1) news about femicides is of medium quality; (2) native digital news outlets with a gender perspective offer better and higher quality coverage; and (3) the extent to which ethical recommendations are followed is still very patchy, thus calling for more in-depth multi-methodological analyses. These findings allow us to conclude that there is a need to conduct further qualitative research involving media professionals that helps us to understand why, despite the clear recommendations and rules established in media ethical codes, there are still considerable deficiencies in ethical quality and sensitivity when reporting on such a key issue for democratic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze communication policies and the relationship between state and press in Portugal and Spain, with special emphasis on these two countries' particular characteristics within the Euro-Mediterranean model. A historical approach has been taken to explain context and measures of the past that have led to the current situations. Moreover, the paradigm shift that digital convergence is bringing about makes it necessary to reflect upon how these countries, each with a very definite journalistic tradition, are facing the future of the press. There is no guarantee that government measures of the past will be able to ensure the competitive vitality that converging international media requires. Finally, the paper also reviews how various policies of state aid and impact assessment contribute to paralysis in decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's main objective is to contribute towards a line of research which investigates and builds theory about a possible transformation from the current model of journalism towards a more participatory one. If "every conception and practice of politics is simultaneously a conception of journalism" (Carey, 2000: 51), The Theory of Deliberative Democracy (see 1999 o Habermas 1991, 1998 o 1999) can be taken as a reference point to be used as an anchor in an alternative theory of participatory journalism. The Theory of Deliberative Democracy focus on the central role that an inclusive public debate must have in democratic routines. The present work, firstly, departs from the analysis of basic characteristics of current journalism, in particular, about the assumptions generally held about news reality and professional journalism ethical code. For this reason, the results of an R+D project which interviewed 30 news viewers of TVE and 30 of the BBC, who - among other questions- were asked how they compared the reality that they perceived in the news with that of their daily lives. Secondly, the paper explores which notion of media and social reality, and which deontological code would be adequate to a type of journalism in line with a Deliberative Democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) usually represents a civil society voice, and media should project their work. Every day there is a relatively regular presence of non-governmental voices in the media. We believe that NGOs contribute to the stimulation of public debate on social issues through the media. This paper presents some of the main results of a research that analysed 462 news. The themes, communication strategies, the main voices present and the tone of information mouthpieces are some of the issues on which we look back and give us clues about the dynamics of these entities as information sources. From the data collected we understand the use of these organizations as information sources in the context of news today. The supremacy of the short news, and little contextualized, approaching these sources of a current news space, more follow the daily news agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News acquire a new dimension due to social networks like Twitter. In this platform, citizens discuss and gain influence in issues traditionally reserved to media. Journalists are no longer limited only to inform. Politicians have a new line to talk directly with voters. Social movements take benefit of the viral nature of Twitter to denounce the abuses of power. To evaluate the reach of these changes in journalism and political communication, the strategies used by each kind of actor on Twitter are examined in this paper through the methodologies of the content analysis and framing studies applied in the cases of #ArdeValencia (forest fires in Valencia) and #25N (elections in Catalonia). Both hashtags refer to events happened in Spain in 2012. Findings show that traditional actors in the public sphere, such as journalists and politicians, tend to promote themselves without interacting with others, while collectives of citizens seem interested in supervising political parties and politicians at least during electoral campaigns. Furthermore, a partisan use of tag #ArdeValencia is detected in order to discredit the Valencian Government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2011 would be remembered as a year packed with protests and world outrage. Images of squares filled with protesters were seen around the world. Since then, this pattern of social demonstration has been happening without interruption. This academic paper analyzes how the Colombian print media covered the Arab Spring. Specifically, this research examines how two Colombian newspapers, El Tiempo and El Espectador, framed the Arab Spring, as starting points of protests. To do this, this research applied a qualitative-quantitative content analysis matrix to the sample. This exploration was complemented by a semiotic analysis of the photographs in order to identify the framing process of these newspapers when covering the Arab protests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the journalist's perception of his working environment. The research uses a case study of a publishing house Mafra which is one of the largest media companies in the Czech Republic. Mafra started using integrated newsrooms in 2007 - the first of them connected the newspaper MF DNES and its online version iDNES.cz and an integrated newsroom for Lidové Noviny and Lidovky.cz followed. Since 2004, all Mafra's newsrooms and also radio stations are based in one large building; the TV station resides in a separate building. My research is based on 40 interviews with journalists from all media divisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional press has emerged, especially in recent years, as a mean able to revalue the expression of multiple forms of journalism, with particular reference to the idea of closeness news. It is this enhanced role of the regional press, in its relationship with the public, which may constitute a real alternative to mass media. As an alternative, being closer to the people, their problems, these media constitute themselves as the main drivers of the "public space" and the "public sphere". Based on these characteristics, in this paper we analyze specifically the collection of information in its various stages, from the relationship with the sources, the pressures, constraints and criteria, inquiring about the possibility of the media constitute themselves as regional mechanisms makers and enhancers of inequalities in civic participation of citizens / readers. The starting point for the analysis lies in the practice of regional journalism, rather in the selection of sources, but also in the asymmetric distribution of resources, particularly resources of power and civic participation among various social groups that represent a predisposition for civic participation in "public space". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a current research that seeks to determine the professional culture of the Spanish political journalism. In this text we approach the study of the work organization and professional routines present into the process of news production in the spanish quality press. Based on the in-depth interviews to the heads of political section of newspapers El País, El Mundo and Abc, we present an analytical description of the major trends that characterize the organization, internal operation and the decision making process. The knowledge of journalists' job allows us to understand the ways in which the press builds the policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze how main Spanish talk radio stations are using Twitter. We start from the hypothesis that this application is being underused. To check it, we have conducted a content analysis of the official Twitter accounts of the main 5 talk radio stations during two weeks, from January, 28th to February, 10th, 211. The results of the 342 analyzed messages certify some positive indicators, together with a widespread use of a 2.0 tool with a mentality that, in many aspects, still remains 1.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using some recent examples as a starting point, this paper discusses catastrophe reporting. The claim is that catastrophe reporting reveals some sore points in journalistic professionalism as a whole. The theoretical frames are sought from research on "agency". According to this approach, distances can be overcome through a purely personal effort. The agency component potentially invites the spectators to feel and act for the sufferers. In order to do that, journalistic professionals are compelled to use new tools in news reporting: emotions and sources, which qualify via experience and suffering rather than rationality and observation. The basic question here is whether the journalistic profession itself, with its fixed and stereotyped norms and practices, has driven the profession into a delicate situation. Natural, participatory contact with the people-on-the-street is regulated by professional rules. Accordingly, the profession tends to express itself with clumsy, even vulgar and artificial terms; professional ethics cannot follow the new trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical reconstitution of Jornal Pessoal is the main goal of this paper. Considered as the most important and lasting experience of alternative journalism in brazilian Amazon, the newspaper is lead by the journalist Lúcio Flávio Pinto. Created in 1987, in Belém (state of Pará), it represents a model of counter-hegemonic press in Brazil, during the post dictatorship period. The Jornal Pessoal has the absence of advertising as one of its most important characteristics. Its editorial guideline is inspired in the I.F Stone's Weekly, self-published for 19 years in U.S.A, by the journalist Isidore Stone. This study intends to discuss the reasons of the existence and lasting of Jornal Pessoal, which survives inspite of an intense campaign against it, in the court. The study also tries to demonstrate how its editor consolidates, by the newspaper, a function of public intellectual, which he incorporated after working in daily journalism for 21 years. The JP's history, its interests fields, and his concerns about the foundations and practice of journalism are the axes of this investigation, that uses documental and bibliographic research, interview and content analyses as methodological procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asbestos is responsible for an ongoing epidemic of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). While banned in many Western countries asbestos is still being exported to new target markets in the developing world. Asbestos is therefore not an issue of yesterday -in Australia the epidemic of asbestos-related disease through past exposure is not due to peak until at least 2020. However public awareness of the risks from exposure is low. Often companies and governments have been less than forthcoming with information about risks and how to avoid them. This paper describes a unique collaboration involving journalists, doctors and public health researchers which aims to improve access to public health information about asbestos. The outcome is a website serving first, as an historical archive of asbestos stories through interviews with asbestos sufferers and their families; second, as a one-stop-shop for public health information about asbestos risk where journalism skills are employed to translate often complex information into accessible language and formats; and third, as an online community where patients and doctors can interact and experiment with more collaborative models of medical and public health interventions. The project demonstrates how journalistic activity can be the subject of legitimate academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media criticism often evolve - and grow in strength - during times of media change with new forms of journalism, new media formats, new media markets, new ways of addressing media markets and new media technologies. Different stakeholders may pursue their interests by formulating a media critique that protect their positions and promotes status quo. It is not difficult to find critics who in the name of the citizens formulate criticism against journalism and the media. It is more difficult to find and study representative examples of criticism expressed by the citizens themselves. The technological development on the Internet has paved the way for a number of new communicative tools that enable users to interact with each other and publish content in a way that changes the conditions for citizens to act as media critics radically. This is an aspect of the Internet's democratic and participatory potential - and a key point in the rhetoric surrounding the concept "web 2.0". In this paper we analyse and compare media critical debates during two periods of media change in Sweden: A) the debate caused by the launch of the tabloid Expressen in the 1950's, and B) the critique against the new, commercially driven participatory news- and debate forum called Newsmill, launched in 2008. These historical and contemporary cases are used to enlighten a theoretical discussion about participatory online media's potential for improving the conditions for citizens to act as media critics in a fruitful way. Both Expressen and Newsmill represent examples of journalistic innovations that affect surrounding media considerably. The result of the comparison point to a new dilemma related to the role of citizens as media critics in the digital age. The fact that the citizens themselves are now increasingly involved in the production of content, also puts them in a new role as defenders of the site that publish their content, against critics from traditional mass media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper aims to show the development of humor drawing, specifically cartoon, under the view of plasticity values. For such, some of the morphologic, dynamic, and scalar elements are exposed and the meaning effects they produce are analyzed. The working hypothesis revolves around the thought that, beyond a journalistic discourseinformational, the image in nature polidimensional is capable of significant representation determined by its iconic nature. So this analysis is concerned with the meanings plastic in its relationship with the semantic meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many assumptions about the contents of media coverage of the far-right and its possible effects. Yet, these assumptions lack empirical arguments. In this contribution, the authors provide an answer to the important question how media cover the far-right. They do so from a longitudinal perspective, using systematic quantitative content analysis of three Dutch newspapers. The assumption that Dutch newspapers follow a 'minimal attention policy' does not hold. Throughout the research period newspaper coverage of the far-right becomes increasingly versatile and although concentrating on negative aspects of the far-right, increasingly open to positive support for the far-right. In the last three years of the research period, the majority of the coverage concerns Fortuyn's populist right party LPF. Whereas at first the coverage of this party fits in the general picture of coverage on the far-right, towards the end of the research period the coverage of LPF is increasingly diverse and less concentrated on negative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]