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Purpose: To report the clinical features and treatment outcomes in adult Caucasians with ocular toxocariasis (OT) and investigate their prognosis depending on their serological status., Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study (2016-2021) including consecutive adults with uveitis and positive western blot (WB) in the aqueous humor or vitreous. The presence of serum antibodies was not necessary for inclusion, allowing to compare the outcomes depending on the serological status., Results: Seventeen eyes of 15 patients were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 51.9 years. Vitreous inflammation was the most frequent sign (100%). Vitreoretinal tractions (41.2%) and chorioretinal granulomas (58.8%) were less prevalent. Atypical features were: spontaneous intravitreal hemorrhage (23.5%), exudative retinal detachment (11.8%), isolated macular edema (17.6%), papillitis (29.4%) and vasculitis (47.1%). Twenty percent of patients had a positive serum serology. Baseline clinical features did not differ statistically depending on the serological status; however, the degree of inflammation was numerically higher in patients with negative serology. Overall, macular thickness, anterior and posterior segment inflammation improved significantly after treatment with oral albendazole, systemic ± local corticosteroids. Vitrectomy (47.1%) was performed in case of persistent vitritis (62.5%), retinal detachment (12.5%) and intravitreous hemorrhage (25%)., Conclusion: OT has no pathognomonic sign and atypical presentations were not infrequent in this adult Caucasian cohort. Serum antibodies were rarely positive, stressing on the importance of ocular sample analysis, especially in case of atypical features. Serum antibodies may prove useful in forecasting the rapidity of inflammation clearance. Antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory treatment was safe and efficient in most cases.

Purpose : To monitor perivascular sheathing during the course of retinal vasculitis by flood illumination adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO). Methods : Perivenous sheathing and venous diameters were quantitatively analyzed by semi-automatic segmentation of AOO images in 12 eyes of treatment-naive patients with retinal vasculitis. Results : The width of venous sheathing ranged from 45 to 225 µm (mean 101.0 µm ± 54.3). In 10 cases, the underlying vein showed focal narrowing (mean ± SD 14% ± 10). Focal narrowing of arteries was also present in one eye. At presentation, width of sheathing and vessel diameters were not correlated with fluorescein leakage. During follow-up, 5 eyes showed an increase in vein diameter or resolution of narrowing and in 10 eyes a thinning of vascular sheathing was observed ( p = .003). Conclusions : Perivenous sheathing may be quantitatively analyzed and monitored by AOO. AOO may therefore contribute to monitor vascular sheathing during posterior uveitis.

Purpose: To describe the importance of a customized combined systemic and local therapy in the management of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (iCNV)., Methods: Observational retrospective case series., Results: Four iCNV cases, complicating posterior uveitis or panuveitis affecting young patients, are reported. Combination of both intravitreal (IVT) and systemic drugs represented a successful treatment strategy., Conclusions: iCNV is a sight-threatening disease which affects mostly young people. Customized and both systemic and IVT therapies might represent the best therapeutic option in order to obtain disease control and good prognosis.

Introduction: Chronic uveitis treated with immunosuppressive agents may have unfavorable outcomes due to delays in diagnosis. The aim of this study was to review initial data from clinical and ocular assessments and patient outcomes following specific treatments for atypical herpes virus ocular infections., Methods: The records of four consecutive patients with recurrent uveitis for at least five years treated in our department between 2001 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. They had atrophic retinal lesions resulting in an unfavorable outcome with lesion progression and vision loss under immunosuppressive treatment. Varicella zoster virus (1 case) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (3 cases) were detected in ocular samples., Results: Uveitis was granulomatous and bilateral (3 cases) or unilateral (1 case). Immunosuppressive treatments worsened the clinical situation whereas antiherpetic treatments improved the control of intraocular inflammation., Conclusion: This description should be added to the broad repertoire of clinical polymorphisms associated with herpes virus infections. Recognizing these cases should be useful due to their sensitivity to antiherpetic treatments.