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Introduction: FDP is an integral part of any organization to improve the expertise and skills of the faculty that is needed to indorse educational excellence. It is an important tool to enhance student learning and ultimate patient care. To get maximum benefit it must be well formed, properly executed and evaluated. Needs of faculty and institution play important role in organizing faculty development program. Aims & Objective. Current study was conducted to explore professional needs of medical faculty required for implementation of integrated curriculum in various medical colleges of Lahore. Material & Method: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted during the period of August to October 2019. Online google form was developed to identify the area of concern. It has two parts, demographic and faculty need assessment. Need assessment questionnaire having six domain (teaching and learning, assessment, curriculum, research, publication and community services) that comprises of 38 items. Each item has five point Likert scale (Strongly disagree to strongly agree). Link of this form was share with the medical faculty through whatsApp and email. Medical teaching faculty were asked to fill the survey form. Result: The response rate was 73%. All Participants exhibited more interest in areas especially teaching competance(70%), publication competence(78%), community services(69%). Whereas express comparatively less interest in research competence(63%), curriculum(63%) and assessment(60%). Conclusion: Need assessment is basic and fundamental part of any FDP. This survey enabled us to identify the concerns of our faculty and areas that needs enhancement in faculty development program. Keywords: Faculty development program, integrated curriculum , need assesssment

Introduction: Allergic conjunctivitis is in fact a bunch of diseases affecting the visual surface and is usually related with type1 hypersensitivity reactions. Two acute disorders, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, exist, as do 3 chronic illnesses, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is related with seasonal hypersensitivities that ordinarily happen amid the spring and summer months, and in some cases amid the fall. Exposure to dust, grass and other airborne allergens causes seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Low levels of vitamin D somewhat related to allergic disorders. This study show a relationship between Serum vitamin D and Immunoglobulin’s E in patients of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis Objective: To evaluate serum vitamin D and serum total immunoglobulin E levels in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC). Material and Methods Study design: quantitative cross sectional Duration: Six months i.e. 1st September 2021 to 28th February 2022 Data Collection procedure: A cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients. The study was conducted in Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Ethical approval was taken from ethical committee. An educated consent was taken from the participants. 60 patients in this study presented with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and 40 healthy normal persons were included. Serum vitamin D and serum total IgE levels were calculated. Results: The average age of the participant in this study was in between 30-50 years of age. In SAC group 40 were males and 20 females. Group two healthy normal consist of 25 males and 15 females. There is a significant decrease of vitamin D level in patients who were diagnosed seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and IgE levels were high when compared to normal healthy group Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrated lower plasma vitamin D levels in patients with SAC compared with the control bunch. To conclude a certain association between vitamin D status and allergic conjunctivitis, both multicenter larger case arrangement and further studies examining the impacts of vitamin D supplementation ought to be performed in the long run. Keywords: Vitamin D, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, IgE, Allergy

Background: The use of physical restraints for patients’ safety and to reduce the interference in treatment is common in psychiatric hospitals. In Psychiatric hospitals, Physical restraint is viewed as a simple solution to maintain patient comfort and safety. Physical restraint is always accompanied by risk of complications but correct application of physical restraints is a central nursing responsibility for patients who are temporarily incapacitated. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of staff nurses regarding the use physical restraints. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to achieve the study objective. The present study was carried out among psychiatric nurses at Punjab institute of mental Health, Lahore during month of January 2022 to March 2022.A convenient sample of 150 nurses who were working in the previously mentioned setting was included. In data collection a structured demographic questionnaire and predesigned questionnaire on level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of staff Nurses regarding Physical Restraints was used. Results: The staff nurses mean age was 27.86±3.55 years and mean experience (years) was 4.80±2.53. The mean standard deviation of level of knowledge, attitude & practices of physical restraints scale was 7.01±0.89, 35.04±3.62 and 36.26±1.54 among the respondents respectively. Knowledge and attitude was insignificant with sociodemographic and other factors (p-value >0.05), whereas practices were found significant with gender, marital status, special course attended as well as previous training acquired (p-value

Introduction: The frequency of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has come to nearly epidemic extents in ladies of reproductive age around the world. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the foremost common endocrinological problems in ladies. In expansion to chronic oligo-anovulation, the fundamental highlights of the PCOS incorporate raised levels of circulating androgens or clinical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary morphology, modified gonadotropin secretion, insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia frequently related with obesity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the affiliations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) with biochemical characteristics between ladies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Material & Method: Study design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Lady Wallington Hospital Lahore Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021 Methodology: Quantitative cross sectional study was performed at lady Wallington hospital Lahore. The total numbers of patients were 150. Age of females was in between 18-35 years. The diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome was made according to the Rotterdam ESHRE-ASRM criteria. The various parameters which include Body mass index, lipid profile, Blood sugar levels, FSH, LH, Prolactin, testosterone levels, AMH DHEA-S, HOMA-IR and adiponectin were measured. Collected data was entered in SPSS version 23 and analyzed. Results: Data for females with PCOS and control summarized briefly in table no 1. AMH level have significant p value 0.001 and clearly showed that it is higher in females with PCOS whether fatty or non-fatty than normal or control. Conclusion: In conclusion, AMH levels were essentially higher in ladies with PCOS, in any case of age and BMI, and exhibited no relationship with obesity, insulin resistance, or metabolic syndrome-related factors. Only testosterone shown an impact on serum AMH levels in PCOS group, whereas age, adiponectin as well as testosterone altogether related with AMH levels within the control group. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, AMH, Gonadotrophin, TSH, Insulin

Background: Infection caused by hepatitis C virus is common and important issue of public health in Pakistan. The risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C virus has common association. Objectives: To find out the frequency of hepatitis C virus in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and to assess the association between Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C virus. Methodology: This was descriptive study piloted at the Department of Medicine Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar for duration of one year. Totally, 157 type 2 diabetic patients were included. All information’s were documented on a prescribed Performa. Results: Out of 157 confirmed diabetic patients, 50 (31.85%) were seropositive for anti HCV antibodies while 107(68.15%) were negative. There were 48% males and 52% female in the entire study. Patient’s age ranged from 31 to 73years. The seroprevalence of HCV in female was 29(58%) while in male it was 21(42%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that HCV infection is highly prevalent in patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Chronic Hepatitis C, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Diabetes mellitus.