1. Studies on the non-invasive anticancer remedy of the triple combination of epigallocatechin gallate, pulsed electric field, and ultrasound
- Author
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Chueh-Hsuan Lu, Wei Ting Chen, Chih-Yu Chao, Yu-Yi Kuo, and Chih-Hsiung Hsieh
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Apoptosis Inhibitor ,Ultrasonic Therapy ,Cancer Treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Apoptosis ,Epigallocatechin gallate ,Biochemistry ,Physical Chemistry ,Catechin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oxidative Damage ,0302 clinical medicine ,Superoxides ,Neoplasms ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Enzyme assays ,Colorimetric assays ,Cytotoxicity ,lcsh:Science ,Bioassays and physiological analysis ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,MTT assay ,Cell Death ,Chemistry ,Oxides ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Oncology ,Ultrasonic Waves ,Cell Processes ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Caspases ,Physical Sciences ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Research Article ,Anions ,Programmed cell death ,Cell Survival ,Autophagic Cell Death ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Autophagy ,Humans ,Viability assay ,Vesicles ,Cell Proliferation ,Ions ,Reactive oxygen species ,lcsh:R ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment ,Research and analysis methods ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemical analysis ,Cancer research ,lcsh:Q ,Reactive Oxygen Species - Abstract
Cancer is one of the most troublesome diseases and a leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, novel treatments have been continuously developed to improve the disadvantages of conventional therapies, such as prodigious expenses, unwanted side effects, and tumor recurrence. Here, we provide the first non-invasive treatment that has combined epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, with a low strength pulsed electric field (PEF) and a low energy ultrasound (US). It has been observed that the cell viability of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 was decreased approximately to 20% of the control after this combination treatment for 72 h. Besides, the combined triple treatment significantly reduced the high tolerance of HepG2 cells to the EGCG-induced cytotoxicity and similarly exhibited compelling proliferation-inhibitory effects. We also found the combined triple treatment increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acidic vesicles, and the EGCG-induced inhibition of Akt phosphorylation was dramatically intensified. In this study, the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA were, respectively, shown to attenuate the anticancer effects of the triple treatment. This indicates that the triple treatment-induced autophagy was switched from cytoprotective to cytotoxic, and hence, cooperatively caused cell death with the apoptosis. Since the EGCG is easily accessible from the green tea and mild for a long-term treatment, and the non-invasive physical stimulations could be modified to focus on a specific location, this combined triple treatment may serve as a promising strategy for anticancer therapy.
- Published
- 2018