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Abstract: Through sampling reed in Shuangtai estuary wetland in April, 2009 and simulation test in Shenyang Agricultural University, we analyze the removal efficiency of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd during different growth period of reed and distribution of them in various parts of reed. The results show that the removal efficiency is best in jointing stage, the removal of Pb largest with 21% increase and 30% in sprout and exhibition leaf period, the removal of Zn largest with 53% and 29% increase in jointing stage and the maturity period, the removal of Cd largest with 40% increase in the different growing season. The absorption amount of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in roots of reed reaches maximum during the growth, followed by in stems and in leaves. Absorptive capacity in the whole plant for Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd exists extremely significant difference (p <0.01). The order is Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd. The absorption in root is higher than in stems and in leaves (p <0.05), but Zn and Cd absorption amount has no significant differences in stems and leaves (p >0.05). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Scientific assessment of the health of wetland ecosystem is an important prerequisite for wetland management and protection. The Zoige wetland ecosystem is a cold peat wetland ecosystem on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in southwest China. By measuring organic matter and nutrients from soil samples in the Zoige wetland, we found that there were connections between organic matter in soil and vegetation growth, since decomposition of soil organic matter was an important source of soil nutrients and was influenced by the soil water content of the wetland. We therefore integrated a cluster of geochemical indicators of soil, including organic matter content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus content, total potassium content and humic acid yield, into a conceptual framework for ecosystem health assessment, therefore improving the existing indicator system for the Zoige wetland. We analyzed levels of organic matters and nutriment elements in soil samples from the Zoige wetland simultaneously with other indicators of the assessment system. Compared with the previous assessment work for Zoige wetland, the proposed assessment system showed a more holistic result. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Despite the seriousness of the problem, the city government does not wield much power in its attempt to reduce exhaust gases. While vehicle emissions are the main source of local pollution, they have regional environmental consequences. So far, localized measures to address regional smog are far from effective. This paper explains that local efforts are confined by economic interests and priorities that lie within the jurisdictional boundaries which find addressing local air pollution through limiting car ownership and use as politically unacceptable. Also, incomplete pollution data in China in general makes it difficult for city officials to come up with targeted and innovative approaches that can bring additional emission reductions. The paper further argues that without a strong and direct commitment to radically reducing current levels of vehicle-based pollution through a set of complementary behavioral modification measures, continued reliance on temporary technical fixes is likely to exacerbate the urban air pollution problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CCP PVC production is the unique technology in China that consumes most mercury with annual consumption of nearly 10,000 t, about 70% of them entering waste mercuric chloride catalyst. The main supply of mercury for CCP PVC industry includes the production of primary mercury and recycling of waste mercuric chloride catalyst. The production of primary mercury will be constrained and phased out after the Minamata Convention on Mercury going into effect. Therefore, the recycling of waste mercuric chloride catalysts will be an important supply source of mercury before the phasing out of mercury in CCP PVC industry. Based on the investigation of current status of CCP PVC production and recycling of waste mercuric catalysts industry, this paper analyzes mercury content of waste mercuric chloride catalysts and mercury recycling rate of waste mercury catalyst recycling industry, and estimates less than 50% of cyclic use of mercury in CCP PVC industry. In view of low cyclic use rate of mercury and excessive production capacity of the industry, this paper puts forward policy recommendations in the following three areas such as strict implementation of mercury destiny reporting system, stricter management of environmental access conditions and demonstration and extension of close loop circulation mechanism of mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution, especially PM 2.5 pollution in atmosphere, is serious in China and municipal solid waste incineration is one of the major emission sources of PM 2.5 . In order to find out the mechanism of PM 2.5 formation during incineration, experiments were performed. Firstly, real constituents of municipal solid waste were conducted by a literature survey; secondly, each constituent was incinerated in tube furnace respectively and together according to survey results, in all 7 treatments. They were kitchen waste, sawdust, plastic, paper, rag, glass and mixed rubbish comprising each constituent. Meanwhile PM 2.5 was collected and weighed; finally, according to constituent ratio and PM 2.5 mass each constituent produced, the simulate value of mixed rubbish was calculated. The results showed that among the single constituent incineration experiments, plastic accounted for more PM 2.5 mass than any other constituents. And the followings were rag, kitchen waste, paper, sawdust and glass. Plastic produced 20.5725 mg (PM 2.5 )/ g (plastic) which is approximately 4 times than rag, 5 times than kitchen waste. Glass produced least only 0.2472 mg (PM 2.5 )/ g (glass). Compared with single constituent incineration, PM 2.5 which mixed rubbish produced was only less than rag's. The simulate value of PM 2.5 mixed rubbish produced was 4.9108 mg (PM 2.5 )/g (simulate sample), which is more than the value (4.2929 mg (PM 2.5 )/g (mixed rubbish)) the real mixed rubbish produced. This proved there was a probability that inhibitory effect existed during mixed rubbish incineration. And the inhibition effect was up to about 0.6179 mg (PM 2.5 )/g (mixed rubbish). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, the current status and the characteristics of e-waste were presented. The hazards of electronic wastes, significance of their recycle, resource utilization technology at home and aboard are summarized in this paper. Several recycling methods were introduced such as recycling of metals, plastics and glass, etc. The way of comprehensive utilization to e-waste in China was pointed out. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Shandong Peninsula, as a more developed region of economy and society in Shandong province even in the east coast of China, is facing challenges from resources and environment pressures. As the scope of economy expanding, the water''s restriction to the development of economy and society is more and more evident. This paper tried to track and assess the harmonious status between the water resource and environment''s Status and the development of economy and society in Shandong Peninsula in order to provide decision support for regional sustainability. This paper analyzed the water''s development situation through calculating the total amount of water recourses, the balance of water''s supply and demand and the utilization effects of water recourses and gave the aftereffect of environment because of inconsequential development and use. With Delphi and AHP methods, an appraisal index system was built including five aspects of harmony degree (A), sustainability degree (B), opening degree (C), stability degree (D) and controllability degree (E). The results showed that:1) Shandong peninsula belongs to the essence coordination type and the indexes of opening degree and sustainability degree are above the average level; 2)The economic increase of Shandong peninsula belongs to extensive mode and depends on amount input of funds, labor and the excessive consumption of resource; and 3)water resource becomes the main factor that constrained the coordination of economy, society and environment in Shandong peninsula. The paper provides quantitative gist to the majestic target of designing resource-saving based society. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It was used to build high dam as an engineering technical plan for solving the problem of water storage and regulation in the arid inland river system. In this paper, based on the analysis on the experiences in construction of underground reservoirs at home and abroad, the characteristics of geomorphic unit storage structures in arid inland river basins, the geological geomorphic structural condition suitable for construction of underground reservoir were analyzed, the difficult points and solving options for construction and utilization of underground reservoir were discussed as well. In the light of the characteristics of the traditional Karez Canal systems in Xinjiang, the concept of underground reservoir construction which is composed of the Karez wells across a river has been proposed, the research progress and key technical points in the feasibility model test of the case study in Tailan River Basin were discussed in the third part, and it showed that the underground reservoir with Karez wells across a river had better useful prospects in arid inland river basins. Finally, the paper tried to propose a new pattern of unified regulation of surface and ground water which takes the underground reservoir storage regulation as the main measure for water resources development & utilization in river basin, and the new pattern may be a beneficial trial for effective utilization and rational allocation of water resources in arid inland river basin. The underground reservoir and its integrated regulation with surface water would has better applying prospects in central Asia region, and is worthy making further research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Deicing chemicals are widely used to clear the pavement snow in the cold areas of China and many other countries in winter, because of their simple operation and excellent snow-melting effect, which leads to more convenience for traffic and low probability of traffic accident in the city, especially in metropolis. However, with the ever-growing application of deicing chemicals, their negative effects on environment such as soil and water system increased dramatically. Based on the related researches in China and abroad, this paper summarized the two categories of deicing chemicals and their working principles, and then provided the unique characteristics of deicing chemicals’ effects on soil and water environment in large cities, which may need considerable quantity of the chemicals to relieve traffic congestion. What''s more, main aspects of impacts by deicing chemicals on regional soil and water environment and the fundamental factors related to the aspects above respectively were generalized, in order to propose a conceptual model to evaluate the harmful effects. Moreover, this paper put forward some suggestions for the further research in this field to fulfill the model, and provided a scientific basis for the pollution prevention of deicing chemicals on urban environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aiming to study the evolutionary trend of the annual autumn germination in Gurbantunggut Desert with more rains, the model of autumn germination ratio was established on the basis of the investigation by Valleriani and others. Altogether the paper presents four findings: (1) As for the different species, the bigger the ratio of plant yield between autumn germination and spring germination is, the lower the germination rate of evolutionary stability is; (2) The germination rate of evolutionary stability would increase given that the climate was pleasant for autumn germination. (3) The lower the dormancy survival rate of the species is, the higher the germination rate of evolutionary stability is; (4) As for the same species, the smaller the ratio of prospective yield between autumn germination and spring germination is, the lower the germination rate of evolutionary stability is; on the contrary, the germination rate of evolutionary stability would increase. After analyzing the tendency of the germination rate of evolutionary stability taking into account of the climate change, it turned out in the model that the less rains in spring, the lower the germination rate of evolutionary stability is and that more rains in autumn, less in spring as well as way too cold weather in winter all contribute to the seeds’ autumn germination. In conclusion, combined with the model and the fruit types of autumn germination it is speculated that the annual with large quantity of plants, seeds plus lower dormancy survival rate would be easier to germinate on condition of climate change. Therefore, this paper supplies reference to the features as well as evolutionary trend of plants in arid desert in terms of global climate change. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper describes the development of a forecasting model, named the emergy-based urban dynamic model capable of accurately simulating the observed resource consumption, economic growth and environmental impact of Beijing. This model differs from previous urban emergy models by monitoring the negative effects to human well-being and ecosystem integrity in the developing urban system. A fresh perspective focuses on urban comprehensive performance linking such impacts to a supply-side environmental cost evaluation (including ecological service supply, ecological and economic losses and investment for treatment). In this introductory paper, we present the conceptual considerations of the most important components of the emergy-based urban dynamic model: the urban assets, lands, capitals, population, water resources, economic and environmental loss. Each subsystem in this model will enrich the feedback dynamics, policy levers and post-scenario analyses. Statistical Information and calibration are also considered in this dynamic emergy accounting. This study advances the temporal dynamic principles of emergy accounting through integrating upstream and downstream evaluation methods to quantify the environmental impact by addressing specific damages to human health and ecosystem''s integrity and by linking such impacts to a supply-side environmental cost evaluation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is undoubted that low-carbon city has become a vital development trend for Chinese cities in the new century. Many Chinese cities have been devoted to the upsurge of low-carbon city construction in recent years. Focusing on these problems - What measures has been adopted to construct low-carbon city in China? How is the effect of low-carbon city construction? Are there some issues needing attention in the future - this paper summarizes the situation of low-carbon city development in China and clarifies a few viewpoints that need be paid attention to in the subsequent development. It is expected that the discussion in this paper can help promote the construction of low-carbon city in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Urban heat island effect has obtained more and more attention because environmental problems caused by the urban heat island have affected people''s normal life. In this paper, qualitative and quantitative analyses have been used to study the relationship between normalized difference vegetated index (NDVI) and surface radiation temperature. The relationship of NDVI and surface radiation temperature has been studied in spatial profile. On that basis, the paper has studied the spatial distribution of heat island in Wuhan city and explained the features of the Wuhan spatial distribution of heat island. Research results has showed that there is obvious negative correlation between NDVI and the surface radiation Heating island strength is higher in industrial and commercial areas than others; Water and green space perform a distinct role to divide and mitigate the heat island effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to study the evolution patterns of two-oriented society coordinated development, with the guidance of Scientific Development View, this paper proposed the research thinking of the evolution pattern of two-oriented society coordinated development, established the MSP evolution patterns structure model of two-oriented society coordinated development and created the model of comprehensive index, coordination degree, development degree and coordinated development index. It also made an empirical analysis of the evolution patterns of two-oriented society coordinated development in all regions of China and worked out the MSP evolution map of two-oriented society coordinated development in each region. This paper improved the theories of coordinated development two-oriented society and embraces great importance of the regional two-oriented society''s construction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Many regional higher education institutes (mainly regional university) promoted to be comprehensive regional higher education institutes (CRHEIs) from 2006 in China. Students in those CRHEIs become more and more, and the quality of teaching should be improved. This paper reports on findings amongst staff in adopting information technology at Linyi University and Zhongnan Business University. The methodology for carrying out the tasks involved using questionnaire that assessed views of staff in their use of email, software tools and internet facilities for teaching and learning issues. We discussed these issues using normative Delphi method. The paper ends with recommendations for future research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper stated the situation of equal access to education in China after the explanation of equal access to education. From equal access to education point of view, the paper analyzed the imbalance between the qualities of PE teachers and the knowledge students need. The main point that the equal access to education and quality of the PE teacher need to be improved has been presents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the shortage of water resources and aggravation of water supply risk in cities, more and more attention has been paid to the problems of emergency water supply. Now, research on emergency water supply already becomes one of the tasks which should be timely resolved. And the way to resolve the problem, choice and demonstration of the water source field are important and profound to cities. As to the cities in north China, they are affected by monsoon climate. As a result, the distribution of precipitation is non-uniform according to time and space. Besides, surface water flows slowly during drought season which results in easy pollution and difficult to treat. Comparing to surface water, the quality of groundwater is better and it is difficult to be polluted. So as to northern cities where groundwater is sufficient, choosing groundwater source field is more significant. First, the concept of emergency water supply is discussed in the paper based on the existing research work. Then the paper divides emergency water supply into two types according to the causing characters. One is emergency water supply caused by sudden disaster and the other is emergency water supply caused by non-sudden event. Accordingly we have two types of emergency water source field. They are sudden emergency water source field and backup water source field. Then the paper analyzes the characteristic of water resources in northern cities when emergency water supply is required, and concludes that it is better to choose groundwater resources as emergency water source field. After that, ten factors which affect the source field are discussed. These factors include the quantity of water, the quality of water, the possibility of drawing, duration of emergency water supply, and safety of the water source field, demanding of water in the source area, environment damage, and economic cost of emergency water supply, artificial regulation and profit balance. Based on it, the paper puts forward both the demonstration objects and demonstration tactics of the cities’ emergency water source field. At last the paper takes a water source field in the middle reaches of Yinma River as an example to demonstrate emergency water source field. The demonstration aims at five affects, including the quantity and quality of water, water drawing methods, environmental influence and economic cost of emergency water supply. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper constructed land use sustainable forecast model, which was based on spatial ecological footprint and econometrics model, to find an effective approach and technique for land use sustainable forecast. What''s the spatial ecological footprint(S-EF)? The paper firstly answered the question, namely the improved and expanded EF based on GIS. Then S-EF and econometrics model, such as GM(1,1), regression model were integrated to build the forecast model. As follows, the Shandong''s land use sustainable was forecasted by the above model, and the future will not be optimistic. The conflict between supply and demand of fossil energy land becomes more evident based on the time and spatial information diagram. In general, this model can be used to forecast the land use sustainable from time to space and was tested effectively; the forecast result may offer datum which are beneficial for land administrators to make land use planning and land administration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study pathways to a low-carbon economy for Inner Mongolia whose economy highly depends on fossil energy. The paper analyzed the industrial and energy structure of the economy and further demonstrated the necessity of developing the low-carbon economy in Inner Mongolia, a typical province in the western China. In addition, the LMDI Decomposition Method is used to analyze the factors that affect the growth in carbon emission and the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is applied to examine the relation between the carbon emission and GDP growth. At last, the paper further studied the advantages of developing the low carbon economy in Inner Mongolia and suggested different modes and pathways for Inner Mongolia to achieve the low carbon economy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The coal under buildings accounts for 69% of the total in China, while more than 4.5 billion tons of solid waste is discharged to the ground over years. This paper studied the backfill with solid mining method. It is meaningful for the efficient exploitation of coal mining under buildings as well as reducing environmental pollution around the mining area. In this paper, we analyzed the plastic zone distribution of the face surrounding rock and the variation of surface subsidence systematically. According to the simulation results, backfill mining with solid reduce the damage to the surrounding rock of the goaf and diminish the effect on the stability of surrounding rock. It also can reduce the surface subsidence obviously. Taking the above study results as one of the important references, we research and design the matching equipments with fully-mechanized filling mining. The filling equipments mainly are the self-tamping backfilling hydraulic support and backfilling conveyor. These have been applied to an actual exploitation of coal mining under buildings, and achieved good results. It can control the surface deformation effectively and ensure the safety of buildings and the efficient exploitation of resources. Backfill mining with solid provides a new way for the mining under buildings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Remote sensing has become an important method for monitoring urban thermal environment, but, it is still difficult to analysis the spatio-temporal change of urban thermal environment quantitatively only by ground surface temperature (or brightness temperature). Three indexes on urban thermal environment monitoring are proposed in this paper: heat island intensity, heat field intensity index and heat island proportion index. Based on MODIS surface temperature products and FY3A/MERSI data of two years, urban thermal environment is monitored by remote sensing method in Beijing. The empirical results verify that three indexes proposed in this paper are meaningful in monitoring of urban heat island. It can not only monitor the intensity and changes of the urban heat island in Beijing effectively, but also, it is positive to carrying out meteorological operations in city thermal environment monitoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Firstly this paper designs solar heating biogas fermentation system, its volume is 6m3, and than calculates digester''s heat load based on Hohhot''s weather data. Finally, a U-tube collector system was carried out for 5 month experiment, this paper use October''s experimental data, looking for the heat matching relationship between the solar collector system and biogas fermentation system. We can conclude that at Hohhot, in October, the heat was absorbed by 2m2 solar collectors that was ran 8hours can met the 6m3 digester ‘s fermentation heat demands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the process of building a two-oriented society, it is of reference significance to analyze the current situation of rural ecology and environment so as to build a two-oriented society and of realistic and practical significance to achieve coordinated development of three systems of rural society, economy and resource environment. With the case study of Xiantao City in Hubei Province, one of cities of comprehensive support reform pilot area of “two-oriented society”, this paper conducts investigation and research on local countryside. Through field investigation, typical survey and literature review, this paper learns about pollution and control situation of natural environment, social environment and ecological environment in the countryside of Xiantao, and analyzes the situation of rural ecological environment control in building a two-oriented society. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The main objective of this paper was to attempt to identify the underlying driving forces which affect CO2 emissions. Based on the known IPAT equation, in this paper, economic scale was considered as one of main determinant of CO2 emissions, and the model on the factors was established to analyze the relationship between CO2 emissions, economic scale, technology, income and population in China. The regression results indicated that economic scale, income and population have a positive effect on CO2 emission; the impact of technology on CO2 emission was more complex. In first phase of the new technology, its effect on CO2 emission was positive. While at the later stage, the effect was negative through technology improvement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the comprehensive development of society and economy in China, rural urbanization is the inevitable trend of rural development. But eco-environmental problems gradually became more and more outstanding during the process of rural urbanization and became the limit factors of rural comprehensive development. On the basis of analyzing the process of rural urbanization in Beijing since new china was founded, the paper made a systemic discussion on the main environmental problems emerged during the process of rural urbanization. This paper provided some references for the sustainable development of rural development in Beijing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Spectral Change Vector Analysis (CVA) is based on multi-temporal images. In this paper, a dichotomy search which can be used on detecting changes in the threshold vector is adopted. Meanwhile, a supervised classification technique is used in the direction cosine space with the type of central point in the initial assay vector remote sensing images. Results are discussed in the last part of this paper, which show that CVA can extract change information effectively in our study area of Wuhan city. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A proper model was selected in this paper for analyzing the capacities of water environment of Poyang Lake for accommodating the several main pollutants quantitatively on the basis of the existing data. The results show that the maximum annual capacities of COD, TP and TN are 768288.5t, 7161.2t and 143224t respectively by taking the second-class national water standard as reference and they are 1576982.5t, 14322.4t and 286448t respectively by taking the third-class national water standard as reference. The paper further analyzed the system adjusting capacity of water environment of Poyang Lake with the following results: The flood adjusting amount for the five upper rivers of Poyang Lake at their maximum inflow reaches 74 to 246×108m3. The flood-adjustment rate is about 16 to 60 percent with its annual average adjustment rate of 34%. The occurrence of serious flooding disaster of Poyang Lake is 16%. The carrying capacity of the flooding-proof system of the lake region is relatively low. About 29.9 to 53×108 m3 water in the dry season are needed for maintaining ecological functions of the lake. Water and soil erosion, and land desertification in the lake region are not under control currently. Annual ecological and environmental cost reaches 19.85×108 RMB occupying 10.56 percent of the total GDP of the Poyang Lake region. In a word, the economic, social and environmental development coordinating level of the Poyang Lake region is low. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In recent years, caused by farmland environment for agro-food safety events and sudden public events are gradually increase the situation. The current China agro-food environmental situation is far from optimistic. In this paper, new, fast and efficient farmland environment technology and instrument equipment already become this field of important scientific and technological requirements. Based on the comprehensive literatures, and on the basis of research achievements, combinative oneself from fast detection techniques of pesticide residues, heavy metal pollution fast detection techniques, and agro-food quality fast detection techniques, space monitoring technology, farmland environmental monitoring agricultural informatization. This paper expounds the agricultural aspects involved farmland environmental monitoring the related technologies and equipment, summarizes the China agro-food farmland environmental monitoring technology and equipment, and puts forward the advantage and shortage on computer technology as the foundation''s future agro-food farmland environmental quality monitoring techniques and equipment information development new direction [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The fast urbanization in Chongqing metropolitan has had a great impact on the environment and resources. The water resource has been recognized as one of the key elements to the sustainable development of this region. This paper presents a method of predicting the regional Water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) using the supply-demand balance model. The method predicts that the WRCC of Chongqing metropolitan is from 8.8 million persons to 14 million persons in 2020 and it will not become the bottleneck of the social and economic development of Chongqing Metropolitan in the coming period of time. However the climate change and its impact on the regional ecology will have an effect on it. The results show that the usable capacity of Passing-by water is the most important element of the WRCC of Chongqing metropolitan therefore the protection of the ecological environment in the upstream area is very important. This paper has proposed tangible advice on the sustainable social and economic development in context of water resource [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the paper, Authors separately used analytical hierarchy process, expert scoring method, principal component and BP network to establish the weights of ecological vulnerability evaluation Index system in the Hengyang Basin as a case, and used hierarchical-comprehensive index -clustering model, principal component-comprehensive index- clustering analysis model, expert scoring-composite index-clustering analysis model, BP artificial neural network model to evaluate separately the reality vulnerability in 2000. The results shows that study area are moderate weak, and the results broadly similar. Authors think that Principal component and artificial neural network model can avoid subjective factors, and taking the way of the expert group judgment is to reduce the error of ecological vulnerability assessment. With the impact of global change and the strengthening of fragile ecosystems, China has carried out many researches and practices on vulnerability assessments [1,14].Although Vulnerability assessment in many ways, not yet formed a unified evaluation method, this paper draw on previous evaluation methods based on [1,11], using AHP, principal component analysis, BP neural network and expert scoring method on quantitative assessment and analysis, then clustering the results by comparison to determine which method to evaluate the most accurate.Authors analysis the Hengyang Basin reality vulnerability in 2000,attempting to explore a more suitable and easy erosion in hilly areas degraded fragile vulnerability assessment method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ecosystem services and value evaluation have become research focus of ecology, ecological economics, environmental economics and other frontier fields; moreover, it is a national economic accounting and an important basis for market operations. At present, studies of ecosystem services falls far from what the nation needs. This paper summarizes progress of Chinese ecosystem services and valuation research during the past decade. We discussed some key issues and future directions in ecosystem services function. An aim of our paper is to provide ideas for the development of ecosystem services and evaluation research in China, and support a more detailed reference for government. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The study has put forward a water pollution management model as a GIS tool in the long-term water projects regulating process and pollution control plan for the Huaihe River Basin in China. In this paper, we applied GIS network analysis technology to water pollution management, which established digital stream network model and river water environmental database, integration and manage of water projects regulating related data resource. This paper designed a stream network analysis platform based on GIS support. Based on algorithms provided in the GIS foundational software such as shortest path analysis, connectivity component analysis, upstream/downstream trace and buffer analysis, we built an algorithm library including water projects regulating-oriented algorithms for upstream/downstream tracking of water pollution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper conducts further study in sedimentary environment of Ordovician and living environment of Sinoceras in Wansheng Stone Forest through the analysis of biofacies characteristic of Sinoceras of this district. Combined with the study of mollusk growth pattern, this paper initially studies the reason why Sinoceras has large individual scale. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Although prediction model AERMOD has been widely applied for atmospheric impact assessment in China and abroad, the considerable difficulty of getting the hourly surface meteorological data and upper data in one or more years hinders the development of atmospheric environment assessment in China. By coupling with relevant kernel (AERMOD, AERMAP, BPIPPRM) of AERMOD, AERSCREEN can capture the meteorological conditions and concentration results for the worst case without any input of meteorological data. In this paper, a comparison of atmospheric prediction on the flat terrain between AERMOD and AERSCREEN is made by setting several scenarios in condition of different underlying surfaces and source parameters. Then, a new method of atmospheric impact prediction without meteorological data based on AERSCREEN, as well as suggestions, is put forward in the end of the paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper established a new low-carbon economic development capability evaluation index system, and then collected relevant data of provincial economic development, energy consumption and carbon emissions in 2009.On this basis, this paper integrated use of factor analysis method and entropy weight method to calculate the provincial development capacity of low-carbon economy and to rank it, and then summarized development capability of national low-carbon economic, analyzed the ability of low-carbon economic development around the reasons for the differences. Finally, put forward low carbon economy countermeasures and Suggestions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper reviews the researches related to international carbon emission right trading. Based on the analysis of marginal abatement curves theory, it has been demonstrated that the fact that different countries or districts have different marginal abatement costs of carbon emission upon respective abatement promise gives rise to international carbon emission right trading. Furthermore, this paper proposes that developing countries should actively participate in the international carbon emission right trading in order to obtain due market benefits. Then, on the basis of the two-phase model, this essay also discusses the optimal exports scale of carbon emission right and its determinant factors, and evaluates the optimal export quantity of carbon emission right for China at the first phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using the research results of eco-environmental evaluation for reference, this paper adopts three periods images which are respectively acquired in 1990, 2000, and 2010 as the main data sources. With the support of GIS technology, this paper quantitatively analyzes and evaluates the eco-environment situation and changes of the Tekes watershed by means of comprehensive index method and builds the thematic map of ecological environment factors. The results shows that the eco-environmental quality of the Tekes watershed has been in good condition, but in general, it tends to degrade slowly. With the comparison of the three periods assessment results, it is discovered that the eco-environment quality of 1990 is the best in Tekes watershed. There is a trend of decreasing by 4.0809 around 2000 year, but in 2010, it has improved slightly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The economic development model of Mountainous Valley areas was put forward by Beijing government in order to fit in with the needs of ecosystems conserve and socio-economic development in mountain areas. It had achieved remarkable results in practice. The basic content and the problems faced by the model were both described in this paper. Based on theory of regional economic development, the paper proposed the development thought of “multi-point and one line” and “A line with multi-center” space layout and relative safeguard measures of valley areas. This research can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate economic development policies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper reviews the researches related to international carbon emission right trading. Based on the analysis of marginal abatement curves theory, it has been demonstrated that the fact that different countries or districts have different marginal abatement costs of carbon emission upon respective abatement promise gives rise to international carbon emission right trading. Furthermore, this paper proposes that developing countries should actively participate in the international carbon emission right trading in order to obtain due market benefits. Then, on the basis of the two-phase model, this essay also discusses the optimal exports scale of carbon emission right and its determinant factors, and evaluates the optimal export quantity of carbon emission right for China at the first phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the shortage of natural resource and deterioration of environment, the environment sound technology innovation (ESTI) has become the necessary way for enterprises to develop sustainably. However, China''s enterprises have a lot of problems in the practice of ESTI. Firstly, the paper analyzed the influence factor of ESTI, such as capital, technology, marketing and so on; secondly, the paper explained the effect of ESTI on the sustainable development strategy; finally, the paper put forward some countermeasures for promoting ESTI of enterprise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: There are a great deal of discussions and questions on how to establish and develop low-carbon economy, not excepting China. In order to provide suggestions and countermeasure, this paper considers that every country must masters key elements of the low-carbon system so as to promote it in a proper way. All elements in the huge lowcarbon economy system are operating cooperatively, however, low-carbon technology is indispensable because it provides strategic sustention for low-carbon economy, especially in developing countries. Proceed from China''s actual conditions, by introducing the significance of low-carbon technology, this paper expounds the most key and emergent low-carbon technologies, i.e., clean coal technology and CCS(carbon capture and storage) technology. Furthermore, proposes the strategic path of low-carbon technology system in China, and suggests that related departments of the state should place coal gasification technology or polygeneration in combination with CCS at the heart of China''s low-carbon technology strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Presented in this paper is an overview of environmental impacts in 31 typical Chinese cities in view of spatial variations based on emergy analysis. Moreover, the economic and ecological loss varies significantly across cities both in total sum due to diversities of geographic features, economic development levels and local energy use availability. A relative ranking of ESI variance ratio from the worst to best off showed the distribution of China''s urban ecosystem metabolic levels. The results offer not only a classification of urban emissions’ impacts during the investigation period, but also the spatial hierarchy which may explain the spatial pattern of the landscape. This paper provides a reference towards how the urban environmental impacts drive economic policy and sustainability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This emergy-based urban economic account provided a historical portrait of the urban economy and its structures to understand the overload of the biosphere‘s assimilative capacity. The basic situation of the urban economy, involving the indigenous resources base, emergy consumption patterns, emergy exports and imports, was investigated, accounted and discussed. Using a series of ratios and indices arising from emergy analysis, including emergy intensity, environmental load ratio and environmental sustainability, this paper analyzed the economic development in Beijing during the years of 1999 to 2006 and the heavy pressure it has put on the environment. Results showed that the development of economy in Beijing was closely correlated with the consumption of the non-renewable resources and it was exerting rising loads on the environment. Of the total emergy use by the economic system, the imported non-renewable resources from other provinces contributed most with increasing use from imported nonrenewable resources. Emergy intensity kept rising during the periods, with the increase of the environmental loads. The pressure of environmental protection, which was caused by the over-heated investments in Beijing, could be released after the completion of the infrastructure construction. On the whole, the results of this paper outlined a frame of reference towards how the urban metabolic analysis could drive the economic policies and sustainability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The development of urban ecosystems is usually restricted by a few key limiting factors, including both the natural resource condition and the socioeconomic performance. To link the natural, economic and social subsystems together and uniformly measure the multiple ecological flows within and amongst these subsystems, emergy analysis was applied in this paper to describe the status quo of urban ecosystems in terms of energy and materials metabolism. Three typical cities, namely Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai all in the Pearl River Delta urban cluster in China, are chosen as the cases, regarding the urban cluster as an important developmental pattern and trend of urban ecosystems. Using the data in 2005, an emergy-based analysis was conducted for the three cities from aspects of emergy structure, emergy intensity, emergy welfare, environmental pressure and ecologic economic interface. Based on the comparative results, the limiting factors of these urban ecosystems were further analyzed. This paper presents a meaningful comparison among different urban ecosystems in the same region, and provides a useful framework for urban ecological management based on limiting factors analysis of urban ecosystems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Chinese government committed to reducing carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% by 2020. As the capital and one of the biggest cites, Beijing expected to both keep higher GDP growth than average and cut unit GDP carbon emission, and has to adjust the relevant energy strategy in near future. The paper analysis the characteristics of energy supply and energy consumption in Beijing, and setups the economic-energy-environment-oriented reference energy system (RES), selects MARKAL as the optimal model and constructs districted multi-period linear programming matrix, which including 15 energy carriers, 4 energy processes, 17 energy conversions, and 18 energy end-use sets. Furthermore, the paper designs 11 scenarios in various pollute emission restrictions, and establishes the total economic cost as the optimize target, the low-carbon emission as main restriction, to obtain the suitable energy supply structure and end-use technology structure. At last, we have the conclusion that Beijing can attach the demands of cutting carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 45% under the scheduled GDP growth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Taking the wetlands on Laizhou Bay′s Coastal Plain of Shandong Province of China,this paper evaluated the health of the wetland by using vague mathematics method. The connotation and correlative theories of wetland health were first expatiated here. According to interrelated fundamental, the paper selected twenty three indexes from the ecological character, unitary function and the society environment of the wetland, and then established an indicator system for ecosystem health evaluation of wetland on coastal plain of Laizhou Bay. The indicator system includes monomial index, subtype index and composite index, and each index measures off four grades according to corresponding standard, the grades are excellent health, health, subhealth and illness. The paper established subject degree of each grade for each index and formatted matrix of judgment, and also formatted the right weight vector of each index by referring to the opinion of experts, and ultimately evaluated the health of wetland ecosystem on coastal plain of Laizhou Bay by using two-grad fuzzy comprehensive judging model. In view of the evaluation results some illness factors of the wetland were discussed in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As a less developed country, China has witnessed a rapid GDP growth of over 8% since 2007. The negative side of this glory, however, is numerous resource problems and heavy environmental pollution. How to achieve a harmonious development between economy and environment has become an urgent problem that need to be replied. This paper sets up a quantitative relationship between economic growth and environmental load by applying IPAT equation and its derived equations. Firstly, combined with actual situation of China in 1997-2007, IPAT equation and IGT equation are used to analyze actual situation and existing problems of China in the last 10 years. The relation between descent rate of environmental load (t) and g*=g/ (1+g) is used in analyzing the impacts of economic growth on ecological environment. Secondly, based on STIRPAT model, this paper makes a prediction formed 4 different scenarios on the future relation of economic growth and environmental load in China from 2010 to 2020. In the 4 scenarios, predictive indexes include GDP, energy consumption, SO2 emission and COD emission. Results of the scenario analysis show that the recommended scenario is the solution suitable to China most, i.e. it can both satisfy the demand of economic development as a less developed country and guarantee the sustainable utilization of resource and environment. Finally, the paper puts forward some measures and strategies that should be taken if the recommended scenario is adopted by China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Since the Open Door Policy was initiated in 1978, China''s economy has undergone an incredible high-speed increase. However, along with the rapid economic development, some environmental problems, especially the environmental accidents, have posed a great threat to the public health and environmental security. This paper presented a brief summary of current regulations on prevention and control of environmental accident hazards in China. The regulation comprises legal requirements centering on hazardous chemicals, industrial safety evaluation, risk ananlysis and preparation of emergency plans. Further, the paper discussed the issues connected with implementation of the regulations in China. Based on the analysis and discussion, some key points that should be developed in China''s future environmental accident hazards control were put forward, hoping to shed light on the decision making and risk management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Medical waste is one of the major hazardous wastes and carries a large number of pathogenic bacteria, so they could pose a big threat to the environment and human health if not being recycled and disposed properly, especially in developing countries. China has obtained great achievements about the management of medical waste in the past ten years. The studies mainly focus on the policy and regulations, processing technology, and the classification and packaging, etc. The collection process is somehow ignored in which the cost proportion and risk are high. Every year, there are some unnecessary casualties and property loss during the collection process in China. This paper pays much attention to this process and regards it as a reverse logistics activity. We analyze the collection network including the structure and flow of medical waste which recycled by the third party disposal company in China. Furthermore, the solutions are proposed to solve the existing logistics problem. Finally, the suggestions about regulations and monitoring methods during the collection process are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) pollution problem has caused public concern widely in the world. In China, huge numbers of appliances are sold and discarded each year. It is difficult to carry out reliable estimation of WEEE output using the existing models due to the limited data available in many countries, especially in large developing countries. In order to plan, manage and use WEEE in a sustainable way, accurate forecasting of WEEE generation plays a key role. Based on the quantity of household ownership of appliances in China, several GM (1,1) gray theory models were set up to predict the quantity of household ownership appliances in China. The results indicate that more and more WEEE will be produced. By 2031, the quantity of WEEE will reach 516 million sets, or 13 million tons. By means of the combination of gray relation analyses (GRA) in this research, it was discovered that the realty business has high correlation with Chinese household ownership of appliances. In order to solve the WEEE collection problem, in this paper, it is suggested that the Chinese government issue a kind of WEEE voucher. If the voucher is used successfully in WEEE recycling, it will not only promote a standard recycling system for WEEE, but also can accelerate the extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy implementation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]