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Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a generalized disorder, immune response to infection which results in disturbed microcirculation, visceral perfusion and ultimately visceral failure. Objectives: To determine the frequency of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis. Design: Cross sectional descriptive. Period: Six months study. Setting: At Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and methods: All the patients with liver cirrhosis for 06 months duration admitted in the ward were further evaluated for systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. Results: During six months study period, total 100 cirrhotic subjects were studied for SIRS. The mean ± SD for age in all (100) cirrhotic patients was 45.74 ± 7.537. The mean temperatures was 40.42±0.32 where as it was 39.72±0.43 and 38.92±0.11 in male and female population respectively. The mean heart beat was 128.42±6.74 where as it was 115.83±8.93 and 120.62±5.53 in male and female population respectively. The mean respiratory rate was 25.31±3.52 where as it was 23.52±2.31 and 26.63±3.21 in male and female population respectively. The mean white blood cell count was 28.81±4.51 where as it was 23.74±4.73 and 30.83±5.73 respectively. The SIRS was observed in 70% subjects of which 47(67.1%) were males and 23(32.9%) were females (p=0.04). Majority of SIRS subjects were 30-39 years of age and male population was predominant (p=0.03). The gender distribution in relation to severity of liver disease was statistically significant (p=0.05) while the SIRS in relation statical analysis. Conclusions: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. It is also called as cereberovascular accident (CVA) or stroke syndrome. Objectives: To determine frequency of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking in patients with ischemic stroke. Patients and methods: This cross sectional study of six months was carried out in the department of medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. Patients aged 20-70 years of age with ischemic stroke on CT were enrolled in the study after taking consent from caretaker of patients. Detailed history focusing on hypertension, diabetes and smoking and their duration was taken. Blood pressure was recorded and fundoscopy was done to find out diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy. Thorough neurological examination was done and blood sugar (fasting and random) was evaluated. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study during study period. 64% of patients were in≥50 years of age group with mean age of 52±11 years. A total of 66 (66%) were male; with male to female ratio was 2:1. Hypertension was present in 61% of cases, Diabetes was found in 32% cases and 40 patients were cigarette smokers. Conclusions: It was concluded that high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and smoking are associated with ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of raised C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Patients and methods: This cross sectional descriptive study of six months study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. All the patients of 20 to 60 years of age, of either gender presented with symptoms of metabolic syndrome for more than 01 year duration were admitted and evaluated for C-reactive protein. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. Results: Total one hundred patients (59 females and 41 males) with metabolic syndrome were evaluated for C-reactive protein. The mean waist circumference for males and female patients with raised CRP was 48.93±2.33 and 48.42±3.41 while the mean ±SD of serum triglycerides level for male and female with raised CRP was 192.41±3.21 and 196.31±3.43 respectively. The mean ±SD of serum HDL-C level for male and female with raised CRP was 28.32±1.22 and 25.31±1.42. The mean ±SD of systolic and diastolic pressure for males and female patients with raised CRP was 150±3.42 and 100.51±4.42. The mean ±SD of serum fasting blood sugar for male and female patients with raised CRP was 131.52±3.33 and 143.42±7.42 respectively. The mean ±SD of CRP for male and female patients with raised CRP was 4.42±1.21 and 5.8±2.52. In relation to gender distribution, the majority of subjects from 40-49 years of age group with female predominance (p = 0.01) while the CRP was raised in 67% patients in relation to age (p=0.05) and gender (p=0.04) respectively. Out of 67 subjects with raised CRP 44 were females and 23 were males. Conclusions: The CRP was raised in patients with metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of H. pylori in patients with functional dyspepsia. Patients and methods: This six months multidisciplinary study was conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital as well as at private hospital Hyderabad from February 2012 to July 2012. All patients presented with history of dyspepsia were admitted and evaluated for functional dyspepsia by performing endoscopy. After confirmation of functional dyspepsia the subjects were further evaluated for H. pylori infection by taking the biopsy specimen, label it and sent to laboratory for histopathological examination. The data was entered, saved and analyzed in SPSS version 11.00. Results: During six month study period, total 100 patients with functional dyspepsia were recruited. Majority of patients were from low socioeconomic class (78%), have history of spicy food intake (68%) and epigastric pain (94%). The associated symptoms observed were nausea and vomiting (87%), anorexia (88%), early satiety (84%) and regurgitation (84%). The mean ±SD for age of patients with functional dyspepsia was 37.95±10.85. The mean age ±SD of H. pylori identified patients was 35.81±7.72. Majority of the subjects was 30-40 years of age and the male population predominant 64% (p-value 0.02, statistically significant). The H. pylori was identified in 62% of patients, of which 35 (56.5%) were males and 27(43.5%) were females (p-value 0.04, statistically significant) respectively. Conclusions: The H. pylori play a significant role in causing symptoms of functional dyspepsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: We evaluated whether HBV +ve and HCV +ve patients are at high risk for developing drug induced hepatitis than control subjects during treatment for tuberculosis with standard short course regimens. Study design: Observational cohort study. Place and duration: This study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from May 2008 to May 2011. Material and Methods: All newly diagnosed active tuberculosis patients were included in the study population and they were further screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and HCV antibodies. All patients were divided into three groups. One having no co-infection with hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and was taken as control group, second group was co-infected with hepatitis B and third was co-infected with hepatitis C. short course anti tuberculous regimen was started and patients were followed for six months. Results: One hundred and twenty eight tuberculous patients were divided into three groups. 92 in control groups without any co-infection with hepatitis B and C, 10 were HBV +ve and 26 were HCV +ve. During follow up 24 developed drug induced hepatitis, 8(38.33%, n = 24) in control group, 2(8.33%, n = 24) in hepatitis B group and 14(58.33%, n = 24) in hepatitis C group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that treatment for tuberculosis in HCV seropositive patients is a risk factor for the development of hepatitis exacerbation and HBV seropositive patients shows no any increased risk of hepatitis exacerbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]