Search

This paper presents Lithuania’s experience during the interwar period, activating students'mobility in the public sector, and gives us knowledge about the legal system, which reglutated granting of scholarships and lawns for students, who study abroad. This paper also presents a model of granting and returning scholarships and lawns, which had to not only give an opportunity to train abroad, but also to secure, that specialists, qualified or trained abroad, after their studies, will work in Lithuania and contribute to it's future. The state seeked to secure, that investment into higher education would pay off and encouraged it not only with scholarships, but also with workplaces in the public sector. This paper also presents present day's Lithuania’s opportunities of using student's mobility in the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes and systematizes European integration that is particularly relevant and the European Union's development and enlargement approaches to the concept of cohesion processes. The article contains a systematic review of the latest scientific publications related to the problems of cohesion. The importance of lack of appropriate response to the challenges of cohesion processes dictated by the level of organization of managerial measures is stressed, emphasizing the need for human resources management concepts adequate to the specific character of cohesion. In the view of cohesion process research methodology problems, this paper presents theoretical and empirical research development insights relevant to the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the passive and active labour market policies and their effect to labour supply and demand, and employment in the country. The implementation of labour market policies in Lithuania in 2005-2011, the structure of public expenditure on labour market policy measures and dynamics of the number of participants in labour market programmes are analysed as well. The data of Statistics department of Lithuania, Lithuania Labour Exchange and Eurostat is used in the paper. The period of 2005-2011 was chosen due to the availability of the latest statistical data. Analysis leads to conclusion that public expenditure on active labour market policies is one of the lowest in Lithuania, compared to the other EU member-states. Active labour market measures should be used more intensively while dealing with structural problems in the labour market. This could increase the probability of finding a job for unemployed persons, moreover, ageing and other social problems like social exclusion, poverty etc. would be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the EU national social policies mainly focuses on Western European economies. The new EU member states still lack scientific consideration. Lithuanian welfare regime is a topic dealt by only few authors as well. This paper aims to compare the EU welfare models (Sapir (2005) classification) and to find the welfare regime closest to Lithuania. The research is based on theory of the welfare state as the change in its' three components -- government programmes, social situation and political participation -- presented by Saint-Arnaud & Bernard (2003). The two groups of indicators -- public policy indicators, reflecting Government's response to the social condition in the country, and social situation indicators, showing the effectiveness of state social policy measures - are used for the analysis. Political participation component is excluded due to the lack of statistical data. Data of the European Statistics agency (Eurostat) are used for the analysis. Analysis in this paper leads to generalisation that Lithuania's socio-economic indicators are closest to those in the Mediterranean basin model states. However, in order to determine which welfare regime Lithuania could be assigned to, a deeper analysis of socio-economic indicatorsis necessary. Cluster analysis including both the Old and the New EU member states could be distinguished as a possible alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article analyses challenges to incrementally evolution from new public management to new public governance. The main aim of the paper is, using various methods of analysis, to describe and to explane a lot of reasons of governance transformation process, which going from disfunctions, related with new public management, to new governance ideological construction, establishingnew criteries and priorities in governance modeling. The paper focuses on analyzing the key points in description, articulation and explanation of the theoretical concepts, methodological constructs, possibilities to define decomposition of the new public governance. Analysis methodological aspects of public governance is comparatively new. The role of theory is very important in a field of applying practical and interdisciplinary as public governance in period of globalization and modernization. Understanding role of theory in public governance in time of global financial crisis, when reforming of public governance became the primary goal, when needs to including many forms of intersectoral integration, development public -- private partnership, creating hybridic organizational forms of governance are main ideas, can be useful in identifying new directions of public participating and social orientation of governance as core concept of the new public governance paradigm. New public governance theoretical background is an important factor in field of understanding the role of innovation as main driver of changes in economic, social and organizational culture spheres, and necessary condition for creative new forms of social responsibility and accountability of public organizations and eliminate social exlusion and other social problems of the global environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper raises and considers the problem of social, economic and political development, cultural changes, the new tendencies of technological progress and environmental protection, closely associated with the cohesion processes and the processes of initiation and activation of various forms of uniqueness, taking place under the conditions of globalization, knowledge based society creation and of European integration and European Union development and enlargement processes. It is shown that the cohesion processes and the processes of initiation and activation of uniqueness determine the basic changes in contemporary society and its life in the common social and economic space in the European Union. The paper describes the variety of the cohesion processes, identifying new trends of cohesion in the context of globalization and internationalization, knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation processes. The main attention is paid to the interregional cohesion and to the regional uniqueness in the context of European integration and European Union development and enlargement processes. It is shown that the processes of cohesion are very complicated and versatile. Cohesion and its processes are based on some particular principles and regularities, which reflect the objective nature of cohesion, allowing that the cohesion processes may be perceived and considered as a specific cognition and research object. It is clear that general cognition logic may be used in the investigation of cohesion and the related issues. The main general principles of cohesion, including the principles of the communicating vessels, multiplication of quality standards, innovation and qualitative changes, diversity harmonization, the reduction to common denominator and assimilation, may be defined. The main regularities of cohesion are described in the article : the regularities of cohesion characterize the main trajectories of cohesion processes, allowing to determine the dominant cohesion features. It is clear that regularities of cohesion refer to various cohesion phenomena, including those, reflecting the variety of the cohesion aims and interests of various subjects involved in the cohesion processes, the complexity and inconsistency of these processes, as well as risks, threats and uncertainties, associated with various conditions, in which the cohesion processes take place. In general, regularities of cohesion reflect the processes, associated with application and realization of the cohesion principles: any regularities of cohesion may be perceived and treated as a description of a particular 'cause and effect' relationship associated with application and realization of the cohesion principles. This approach allows for identification of several most significant general regularities of cohesion: • the increasing diversity of the interested subjects and their interests, reflecting the trend of increasing the variety of subjects, seeking to realize more diverse interests in the process of cohesion, • stronger orientation of cohesion to a larger scope of activities and a higher rate of transformation, reflecting the trend of the cohesion processes to enlarge the areas, where they are taking place and to increase the rate of their proceeding, • the complexity, difficulties and contradictions of the cohesion processes, reflecting their diversity and the need for seeking their harmony, • the cyclic character of the cohesion processes, reflecting the fact that cohesion develops in some particular cycles, which begin with raising the requirement of convergence, interaction and integration of various systems, spaces and elements and ending with the creation of a particular new system characterized by the internal harmony, • the orientation of cohesion processes to expansion and renewal, reflecting the multiplication of the particular norms, standards, models, traditions and rules, which means that two types of cohesion effects become evident at the same time. In the first case, the renewal is taking place in the systems, spaces and elements, where new norms, standards, models, traditions and rules have been established. In the second case, the expansion of the activities of the subjects who purposefully promote and realize the multiplication of these norms, standards, models, traditions and rules, takes place. Various aspects of interregional cohesion and of the initiation and activation of the regional uniqueness in the context of European integration and European Union development and enlargement processes are described and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the Lithuanian tax reform approved in 2008 and evaluates the results of this reform. The first part of the paper is focused on the changes of the main tax and contributions taxation procedure. One of the important tax elements - the tariff - has been changed like that: 1) increased VAT, corporate income and excise tariffs; 2) decreased personal income tariff; 3) new health insurance contributions tariffs separated from personal income tax and legalized. Tax and social security and health insurance contributions calculation and remitting procedure also has been changed: 1) tax-exempt amount of income became variable and is applied only on income incidental to employment relations or relations in their essence corresponding to employment relations; 2) health insurance contributions calculation and payments/ remitting to the State Tax Inspectorate or State Social Insurance Fund Board bank accounts is binding to the insured and insurers. Some more changes: the taxable base of personal income and social security insurance contributions has become wider; some kinds of tax relief on income tax, VAT has been refused. In the second part of the paper tax reform objectives, scope of reform and breadth of reform are discussed, also tax reform approach is featured. The author of the article concludes that the objective of the reform - to compensate revenue losses and in this way guarantee public finance stability - was achieved. Such conclusions have been based on the fact that the ratio tax income/GDP increased 0.1 percent point in 2009. On the other hand the paper criticizes unclear tax code provision formulation, the sudden provision change with no time for the tax payers to understand the changing contents, not enough public information about new obligations. Regarding the categorization of the tax reform - it could be argued that this reform was the political approach. Such reform stresses the role of taxation as an indicator of state institutional capacity and is an integral part of the democratization process. In the third part of the paper an empiric quantitative research was carried out with the aim to assess the effect of the tax reform. The Lithuanian tax reform has been examined applying the Gill diagnostic indicators fragment. Taking into account the results of the analysis, it has been established the weakest links in 2009. At the same time the tax administration competence in tax disputes has become better. It has also been established that tax administration costs and tax compliance costs have become higher than in 2008. The author concludes that the Lithuanian tax reform adopted in 2008 created preconditions for stabilization of public finance, although the premature tax code change, especially the not addressed inaccuracies, caused smaller productivity of the Lithuanian tax system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows the history of performance measurement. The performance measurement system should be a dynamic and ever changing system that reflects the strategic responses of the organization to its market. The growth of global trade and increasing security threats to the international movement of goods have forced Customs administrations to shift their focus more to securing the international trade flow and away from the traditional task of collecting customs duties. Concept of 'safety and security' has been included in the European customs legislation. Enterprises involved in international trade and commerce may apply to Customs for the status of Authorised Economic Operator (AEO). Enterprises that would like to qualify for the AEO status must meet a number of criteria. This means that the business sector together with the customs are responsible for a safe and incorruptible goods flow crossing external borders. The introduction of the AEO status is for Lithuanian Customs an important next step towards cooperation with the business sector. AEO certificate offers advantages in international trade. The holder of an AEO certificate is subjected to less physical inspection and document check, receives priority treatment of consignments if selected for controls, may request controls to be carries out at a certain place, does not have to meet the same criteria when applying for subsequent licence. An AEO certificate is valid in all EU Member States. The paper identifies outline of the development of performance measurement indicating that there are at least five identifiable phases of evolution. These start with the basic measurement of financial transactions, an element that is still in evidence today and which is focused on the traditional „make profit" perspective. The final and current phase is one in which the importance of the supply network emerges. Performance measurement has raised in the supply network environment from both local and global managerial perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper to survey the academic and policy debate on macroeconomic imbalances, growth of economy, and appropriate policy to address the issue. Fiscal consolidation alone is insufficient to reduce today's global current account imbalances to more sustainable levels as they are driven by economic fundamentals: demography, catching up process in emerging economies, structure of economy, supply and demand. Overall a key issue to policy makers to ensure a sustainable long - term growth of economy and compatability of different growth models. The paper assesses recent theoretical debates and provides an outline of economic policy framework the most conducive to global environment. Scientists have been researching economic growth for a long time and theoretical debates are still going on whether public policy can and to what extent influence the growth. A stable economic and political framework facilitates economic development as a result of the accumulation of factors of production, including human capital. The growth can be elusive, and can hinge on factors well beyond domestic policy control. Whether or not public policies do, in fact, foster growth depends on the sources and impediments to growth prevailing in the economy and the wider constellation of constraints and opportunities posed by the global economic setting. Economic integration and globalisation encourage trade liberation and lead to market expansion, more investment and more rapid adoption of technology. Traditional working patterns shifting to more flexible models, value of time is growing, so does demand for high quality services, creativity in employing available technologies is defining competitive ability in productive sector. Cultural background adds exclusivity to a quality of services. Integration also creates more employment opportunities for people by setting up a legal basis for free labour movement. However, increased factors mobility poses a challenge for policy makers and raises new questions how to avoid boom-and-bust with capital flows and how to deal with fiscal pressure driven by labour mobility. New challenges in fiscal forecasting related to the fact that traditional methods -- detailed modeling approach, effective tax rate, and elasticity -- relay on historical data and miss far - reaching changes. Public policy change can influence the expected long-term growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently globalization processes make a huge impact on public management. Knowledge society requires from public sector the same quality of services as are offered by business representatives. Consequently new public administration organizations harmonize operations, become simple, more transparent, dynamic, user-centered and flexible. Public sector often applies successful business experience solving management problems. E-government solutions supporting communication and co-ordination activities within public organizations and outwards become extremely important. The paper investigates public management trends underlining importance of e-government as a management tool. In order to analyze the essence of changes in public management the main public management principles were distinguished: state functions implementation, authorities' separation, law superiority, abuse of law prohibition, impartiality, accountability, use of rational financial resources, transparency and publicity, participation, officials' collaboration, "one stop shop". The paper provides survey's results showing officials' opinions towards public management principles implementation and their impact on Lithuanian public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Training institutions in the public sector have to cope with new requirements. As a result, public officials have to improve the knowledge and competences constantly. The present paper introduces the MOKIS information system for training institutions. At the beginning of the paper, the problems and theoretical background needed to solve the discovered problems, were introduced. In order to improve the data quality, the use of ontology for conceptual schema improvement was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of conceptual changes in the leadership theory and environmental transformation on the requirement for public servants and their leadership competencies. The paper discusses the concept of individualism and collectivism in the leadership of public administration. Firstly, it groups the models of leadership according the methodology that the models were grounded in. The methodology of reductionism analyzes the leader as an individual in a changing environment. The early models of the leadership focus on personalized leaders in hierarchical organizations and a stable environment. The contemporary concept of the leadership in public administration focuses on the leader as a team member. Accordingly, a leader's competencies such as strength, courage, and integrity are going to be less important as the abilities to instruct, support or teach. The holistic models of the leadership that emerges from humanities and sociology focus on silent leadership. The development of this approach displays new challenges in leadership theory development and in the practice of human resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Lithuania, as well as in the European Union, the development o fin formation society is one of the key priorities. Nowadays efficient public sector's management is impossible without modern information technologies and remote communication. Information technologies become one of the most important factors, which has influence on efficient public institutions' activity. ICT helps to improve the quality of services, decision making, makes activity transparent and reduce corruption in public sector. This paper reviews the situation of e-government in Lithuania, analyses main e-services implementation problems and e-government development wends. Examining situation ore-government the paper considers in details the most important projects, which are implemented seeking to reduce digital divide and promote e-services among taxpayers, provides some statistics and research results in order to show the main e-government trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of electronic government (e-Government) research increases altogether with the perception of e-Government as one of the most important means to accomplish the strategic goals of the state oriented towards better governance. The interdisciplinary nature of e-Government raises new requirements for the planning, carrying out and successful implementation of e-Government research and its results. The main objective of the paper is to survey some of the global tendencies in e-Government research and review its state-of-play in Lithuania. The policies of the European Union (EU) and the USA are described in the article as well as the most developed research themes and the existing gaps in the current e-Government research. In the second part of the paper the present situation of e-Government research in Lithuania along with some launched e-Government projects are analysed. Finally, the article summarizes the results of the future foresight projects in e-Government, co-funded by the EU, in some of which Mykolas Romeris University has participated, and provides recommendations for the future development of research into e-Government in Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the process of interests' representation in the EU governance system at the subnational level. The evaluation of this process is based on the case study of preparation of European Constitution during the Convention on the Future of Europe and the following EU Intergovernmental conference (IGC). The article analyses how the representatives of the Committee of the Regions with status of observers in the Convention, and the representatives of subnational level institutions defined and defended their interests and aims that emerged from Maastricht 'regional agenda'. This paper also makes attempts to draw some conclusions: which of the theoretical approaches -- neofunctionalism, intergovermentalism, or multilevel governance is the most appropriate when examining the subnational level impact on EU management processes. The main findings of this article state that relative success of subnational level interests' representation during the process of preparation of European Constitution was determined by several factors. Firstly, the favourable political environment and the openness of EU Member States to the questiona at subnational level. Secondly, the representation at subnational level was clearly mobilised. And thirdly, we can identify the existence of subnational interests' representation leader. This role was clearly assumed by Committee of the Regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a number of concrete proposals on how to apply the concept of the economic catalyst and carry out nationwide resonance stimulation of state and society. Among the suggestions should be mentioned a project of full energy independence, based on a concept carbon-neutral economy; a Children's Opportunities Fund, which could turn the new generation of citizens to capital owners; the development of possibilities of the marine economy; a Public Venture Capital Fund; a quasi-virtual export-oriented health care system; and strategic management system in the field of public administration. It should be noted that in order to achieve such great challenges in society and governance structures it is necessary to carry out the resonant stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business intelligence has to provide users with quality insights and satisfy their requirements for informing. The technology approach and managerial or social approach to business intelligence are different, and expectations based on technology approach create a substantial implementation risk for business intelligence systems implementation, if the user needs and motivation to use the systems are not properly evaluated. The goal of this paper is to clarify the priorities of business users' analytical information needs by performing a pilot research. The performed research has revealed several user attitudes towards business intelligence applications, as well as some contradictions regarding the role of technologies. The results of the research will serve as the basis for further research in the area of effective user informing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the light of current events in the global dimension of policy and administration causes many questions and doubts regarding policy decisions short-term orientation. Rational and long-term future - oriented decisions concerning the most important things to societies today are being decided in a fragmented, short - term way, usually based on specific groups ambitions and interests. The article explains this transformation by comparative analysis of the epochal shift from modernism to postmodernism, examining time as a philosophical and sociological categories and addressing it's importance and the implications towards the developments in the fields of policy and administration. Based on the understanding that in the in the postmodern era the greatest modernist metanarrative theories are not trusted anymore transience and the emphasis of present moment and unreserved fragmentation of everything determines that postmodern politics becomes symbolic , conflict politics, in which dominant features like process and instantaneous benefits become more visible rather than long-term results. In the field of governance there is a noticeable increasingly smaller role of tradition and historical experience. Because of the denial of historical experience, the main political discourse become present - oriented, that's why there is a huge favoritism toward interests coming from outside which determines that the national and the future prospects will be ignored. In a period in which incredulity towards past dominates, historical memory and the belief in the future are being deformed, citizens are deprived of the opportunity to demand from the government of responsibility for its inability to solve complex problems in a comprehensive manner, which implies inefficient , irrational , and in some cases even destructive governance. The article based on authors such as Gasset, J. O., Francese, J., Hassard, J., Muggleton, D., Gomel, E., Driscoll, C., Bauman, Z., Mari, G., Parker, I., Loytard, J. F. It is stated that today ‘s political practice directly installed Bauman's concept of postmodern, pointillists time. This paper addresses that the main elements of postmodern state are relativistic values , hiperreality and manipulative, information wars, which help's to create a manipulation of the collective consciousness, to demonize appropriate political side as well as to demonstrate faceless, postmodern political expressions, with focus on short- term interests and problems in only one field, also creating a confrontation between humanistic values and materialism and consumerism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluated the adequacy of the theoretical human resources management models and separately the adequacy of the European model in response to the challenges of the European Union cohesion processes. The emphasis is placed on insufficient attention to cohesion challenges of management processes and management activities as well as new untapped opportunities to improve human resource management potential taking into account the need to modernize cohesion measures. The article provides the retrospection of human resource management terminology and reality contradictions. It also analyzes the value of the European model of human resource management in the context of the cohesion processes. Based on a critical evaluation of the historical terminology and reality discrepancy causes, the article contains Human Resource Management theoretical studies and empirical research foresight relevant for the United Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluated the adequacy of the theoretical human resources management models and separately the adequacy of the European model in response to the challenges of the European Union cohesion processes. The emphasis is placed on insufficient attention to cohesion challenges of management processes and management activities as well as new untapped opportunities to improve human resource management potential taking into account the need to modernize cohesion measures. The article provides the retrospection of human resource management terminology and reality contradictions. It also analyzes the value of the European model of human resource management in the context of the cohesion processes. Based on a critical evaluation of the historical terminology and reality discrepancy causes, the article contains Human Resource Management theoretical studies and empirical research foresight relevant for the United Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary (new) public governance is primarily characterized as an innovative governance of public organizations' activities. Scientists have sufficiently purified the structural elements of the new public governance, however it leads to a new dimension in the context of the global economic-financial crisis, there are new categories, permanently complementing the contemporary public governance theoretical structures. The paper analyzes a very important problem from theoretical-methodological and practical point -- the governance of innovative public projects' preparation and implementation. It is understood as the realization of public policy innovativeness formulating and implementing public decisions, strategic tasks. Public projects, as a part of public policy (in this case -- science and technology policy), takes on new forms and contents of governance today. They are determined by global processes, know-how dispersal, the contextuality of socio-economic development processes and its differences across regions, countries and even structures. The authors have chosen one successfully acting high school -- Kaunas University of Technology which actually helps to solve a number of country's economic, social and environmental issues, satisfy the legitimate expectations of variety social stratification groups through project activities, innovation creation and implementation efforts as well as their need for various public spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of the possibility to use economic theories for assessment of the uniqueness of regions are presented in this paper. Economic and social challenges influence a necessity to use assessment of regional uniqueness to ensure regional prosperity and economic advantages of the region by using existing cultural, natural, human and other resources that are important for international and national economic development. It is not sufficient to assess only regional competitiveness and its potential for creation of regional prosperity. Unique features of the region can be used for increasing regional economic growth. The uniqueness of a region is measured in economic terms, so it is important to assess the possibility to use economic theories for construction of an assessment methodology. It was selected to assess classical, growth and innovation theories. The results reveal that regional economic theories can be used for construction of a regional uniqueness assessment methodology for identification of regional groups, firstly, for increasing regional specialisation, secondly, for using tools and measures that increase regional income and, thirdly, for developing the region as an innovation and knowledge centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of possibility to use economic theories for assessment of the uniqueness of the regions are presented in this paper. Economic and social challenges influence a necessity to use assessment of regional uniqueness to ensure regional prosperity and economic advantages of the region by using existing cultural, natural, human and other resources that are important for international and national economic development. It is not sufficient to assess only regional competitiveness and its potential for creation of regional prosperity. Unique features of the region can be used for increasing regional economic growth. The uniqueness of the region is measured in economic terms so it is important to assess possibility to use economic theories for construction of assessment methodology. It was selected to assess classical, growth and innovation theories. The results revealed that regional economic theories can be used for construction of the regional uniqueness assessment methodology for identification of regional groups, first for increasing regional specialization, second for using tools and measures that increase regional incomes and thirdly developing the region as an innovation and knowledge centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the process of organizational leadership in Central and East Europe (CEE). It is challenging to perform such investigation, as the leadership as a phenomena is traditionally analysed using the anglo-saxon approach. This approach determines the criterion that describes the efficiency of leadership, which is based on objective performances, whereas social and cultural context of leadership is latent. Traditionally, the presentation of leaderships is measured by the managers' trait, organizational values, relationship with stakeholders and other indicators that depict business efficiency. It should be noted that studies involving the use of these indicators reveals highly negative performances of leadership in CEE. When considering the cost-effectiveness of the management, these indicators are uniquely valuable and usable for performance measurement. However, leadership effectiveness is not identical to the economic performance; it is not an element of efficiency, but rather the expression of perceptions. Leadership is a process in which the leader gets the trust and becomes recognized. Accordingly, this article critically reviews the studies on organizational leadership in CEE and evaluates the main trends of leadership development during last two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today EU including Lithuanian companies faces with the graduates lacking practical knowlege and skills. Improving the organization of internship is one of most important objective of National study programme. This article examines the issues of internship organisation at higher education institutions. Based on the analysis of Lithuanian and other EU higher education institutions, two dominant models of organization of internship were indentified -- „Top-down" and „Bottom-up". The paper presents how to improve internship organisation at higher education institutions by applying „Bottom- up" internship organisation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to indicate the indexes used to evaluate professors activities and suggest one of possible way how incorporate their achievements into the department and faculty effectiveness. It is shown how to calculate these indexes and the rating method of professors achievements is created and methods of evolution of department and faculty is suggested as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demographic changes, global economy and competition are main factors of increasing rapidly changes in public governance. The new public governance is a result of governance evolution from tradicional forms of administration and especially from new public management doctrine. One of the most important components of new public governance is public-private partnerships as one of the forms of interorganizational networks combinations of governance. The paper focuses on analysing the key points in the articulation of the theoretical concepts, constructs, elements and indicators of quality of public-private partnership. Despite the differences existing in the public governance scientific research sphere, today theoretics try to indicate and explane some general characteristics of sophistication public-private definitions and to analyse direct and indirect impact, specific features of modern public-private sectors relations. Development theory of public private partnership is unavailable without deep analysis of cooperation, and joint decision making, transparancy and accountability of participants of partnership, without strategic thinking and democratic mediation of interests, understanding social responsibility of private, public organization. Social responsibility features crystallize form a cluster of heterogeneous individual groups, short term as well as long term interests quality of social welfare policy, level of social needs satisfaction, pension system and elimination of social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevailing globalisation as well as development of innovative social and economical conceptions prompted formation of a conception of new state change and revealed properties of a non-traditional social status of culture. Such properties are closely related to implementation of culture policy. Influence of culture, as aggregate of values, on the welfare of the society acquired exceptional significance. Importance of cultural knowledge and necessity revealed itself in the context of effective state management. It is important to define the significance of culture because in such a way the authority of the state solves the following issues: political issues by choosing methods of culture management; economical issues by choosing optimal methods for culture financing; organisational issues by determining and coordinating relations between culture institutions and users of values. Insufficient attention to the analysis of the culture policy implementation in the Republic of Lithuania as well as to determination of existing problems of culture and to creation of a purposeful culture policy strategy becomes one of the most important factors suppressing development of policy implementation. Implementation of culture policy in Lithuania is analysed in the paper by designating the system of the state management culture policy implementation as the subject matter of the research. The following methods have been selected for the analysis: the methods of scientific literature analysis (the purpose of this method is to describe and evaluate the role of state institutions in implementation of culture policy in Lithuania; secondary data analysis (the purpose of such analysis is to reveal priorities of national culture policy implementation); as well as the methods of comparative and systematic analysis. Only an effective and purposeful culture policy implementation with the help of rationally operating institutions allow creation of objective preconditions in the country for enshrining of national culture and improvement of cultural sophistication of society members as well as orient them toward the deeper global cultural integration. Implementation of the LR culture policy lacks promptitude; there is a lack for quality policy forecasts; imperfection of legal acts; a lack of analysis regarding environmental threats; different cases of inefficient activity in the stage of policy implementation: all these factors cause that the position of institutions is not sufficiently firm and harmonious regardless that such position is defined in the legal acts. Programmes of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania, general national documents and provisions of culture policy validate the roles and authorisations of institutions in the cultural sector but the pursuit of maximisation and purposefulness of such institutions' activity requires stimulation of their communication and enhancement of operative and quality implementation of decisions. The following essential priorities can be defined when seeking improvement of the culture policy implementation: improvement of the culture funding system; more attention to the problems of cultural processes in the provinces of the country; more attention to satisfaction of needs of different groups of society members; more active assessment of quality; improvement of control systems of the institutions: innovative methods should be applied during audit and new alternatives should be found for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the analysis of the situation of the sector of high technologies in Lithuania and evaluates the perspectives for sectors development using alternative financial sources. The work paper pays especial attention into investment finds, which are named as subsidiary financial sources of high technology sector. By the nature being international the market of high technologies leads to forage for common solutions for arisen problems in conditions of economics internationalization. Analysis of financing of scientific research and technology development in Lithuania has demonstrate, that our country is vastly straggled from the dominated tendencies in the whole world. Therefore, there is necessary to spotlight into experience of the countries, which may be proud of successful economy based on innovations. The article lays an example of Denmark's high technology sector growth, which was achieved by invoking of venture capital and investment funds sources. At the end of the work the assumption, that active investment funds invoking into sector of high technologies may be helpful to solve problems related with development of this segment, such as invoking of subsidiary financial sources into high technology sector, stimulation of business sector, reduction of export of investment goods, has been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the impact of alternative investment funds on economy and possibilities of improving regulation of their activity. The recent years have seen a rapid development of alternative investment funds, namely hedge funds and private equity funds. Due to relatively low interest rates and excess liquidity in financial markets, these funds reached such a scale that they could influence real economies. Although the activities of the alternative investment funds may influence liquidity and efficiency of the markets in a positive way, they could not be valuated unequivocally, since they often have negative consequences. Contradictory objectives of the alternative investment funds and the Lisbon Strategy or at least their different time horizons determine the negative impacts of these funds on the long-term economic growth and employment in the labour market. Furthermore, these funds have different impacts (and most often negative ones) on the behaviour of the companies and financial markets. The lack of transparency and regulation, employment reduction, overindebtedness of the companies, tax avoidance and other corporate governance problems distort competition and endanger economic stability. The present article aims at searching for adequate regulation of the activities of alternative investment funds. The methodology of the research comprises statistical methods and a comparative analysis of the regulation norms. In order to neutralise the negative impacts of hedge and private equity funds, it is recommended to develop the regulation of the considered norms in the following directions: 1) to encourage long-term investments in the following ways: weighting of the voting rights according to the duration of property, higher tax rates for short-term investments; 2) to prevent tax avoidance providing the following: collection of taxes according to the country of the contract subject or fund manager (not to the country of fund registration because most of them are registered in so-called "tax heavens"), tax discrimination of the offshore funds, as well as limited interest exclusion from the taxable profit; 3) to ensure greater transparency of the markets and to strengthen economic stability by the following means: minimum financial reporting standards, a new European directive introducing minimum standards for information disclosure, and minimum capital requirements for companies; 4) to enhance investor and employee protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile technology applications are important and strategically necessary for many leading companies nowadays. While the potential of a company's mobility is understood, very much less is analyzed regarding the transformational possibilities of mobile technology applications. In this paper we have formed a proportion between organizational changes and impacts, and then mobile technology applications have been implanted. This was made by adding the best examples from literature and real life. This analysis is good ground for the future research of mobile organizations; it spreads our understanding about the possibilities in adopting mobile applications, and makes the implementation of mobile strategies easier. We are also suggesting an 8 step mobility project that is pointed towards standards for business and public sector needs. By following all the steps it's possible to establish and show the support levels and security policies. The point of this project is to show the benefits and challenges of mobile technology applications, and to make the development of mobile strategies easier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of this paper are seeking to reveal the managerial reasons underlying the proactive demand for studies and the insufficient spread of creativity in Lithuania, the resulting low innovativeness rates and the organisational peculiarities of the interaction between studies and practical activities of business entities. The present study provides examples of research into the premises of students' scientific creativity and innovative undertakings compared to post-graduates 'who are employed by business entities, innovative activity and the results of their self-perception. It presents recommendations on the improvement of partnership relations among studies, science, and business in the context of science development scenarios elaborated by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article covers an extensive concept of partnership of private and public sectors. The authors emphasize an intermediate case existing between public procurement and privatization. The paper also give a broad overview of risks and their management related to the PPP projects. The idea of the necessity of the public sector to transfer risk to the private one maintaining the controlling function is emphasized. By applying Great Britain's example, the authors reveal some of the aspects of an effective management of PPP projects. Private companies are seen as entities that are capable of implementing projects in a faster way. The article presents some guidelines for the PPP improvement in Lithuania. The necessity of law and institution as well as the issues related to projects differentiation according to the types, responsibility and accountability is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers both the theoretical and practical approaches to the important problem -- development of cooperation between science and business sectors, focusing on its specific features of the link in the context of science management. The authors have applied procedural operational attitude to business and science institution management and enhancement of their interaction. A special emphasis is placed on creating new, original and effective managerial scenarios of promoting partnership between science and business. On the basis of the two-sided analysis of science and business sectors transformations, carried out by the authors, challenges of the partnership have been defined. The authors have described managerial reasons for demand and offer in the area of cooperation between science and business sectors, and have identified factors, which have negative effect on this process. The publication introduces principles and guidelines for creation of the above-mentioned scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important factor of efficient activity is a proper-based management of information and information processes, based on information technology (IT). The paper addresses the possibilities of public sector to use the relevant experience and research results acquired in business sector. It has been obvious that public sector trails behind business field in terms of efficiency, and could rely more on modern management techniques, including the use of IT. The activities of the two sectors, although based on different values and motivation, have much in common, including information activities, structure of user information needs and the role of IT. The article suggest using the results of author's previous research into information needs of business users, after evaluating their relevance to public sector users. In information activities, the two sectors have much in common -- efficient use of resources, flexible reactions to environment changes, needed for well-prepared decisions and so on. The directions of survey -- information needs for monitoring of environment, accumulation of experience and competence, and decision making -- are also important for the public sector, with possible differences of information needs in mind. The results have shown that user attitudes towards IT role in satisfying various information needs are not uniform. For the simple end of information needs spectrum, the programmed nature of IT provides efficient services with a high degree of automation. The potential of IT to support complex and specific needs has evoked varied responses. One of the possible ways to achieve better results is the use of 'more with less' IT solutions, providing a set of simple permanently available instruments who stimulate human analytical and problem-solving capabilities. Thus static and programmed nature of IT could be better matched to dynamic and discontinuous environment, and to the users' needs to gain sufficiently complete understanding of this environment. This conclusion has been supported by the earlier research regarding users' requirements for ideal decision environment. Further research is required to address the information needs of a specific user in public sector, where existing controversy could be reduced by IT-supported transparency and balance of public and administrative interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems and possibilities of the creation of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy in the European Union are described and analysed. Possibilities for the development of new forms of economic, social and technological headway designed to create and further improve economies based on knowledge are analyzed here. The main emphasis is put on national and regional economic specialization and creation of the networks of clusters in the situation of the development of the European Union. Clusterization oriented towards the increase of efficiency of various national and regional economies is a critical precondition successful creation of modern economy based on knowledge, both in the whole space of the European Union and in particular countries. Another idea - a concept of creation of regional and cross-regional clusters and their networks also known as „economic oazes" - is suggested here. It is explained in the paper that the economies based on knowledge, development of clusters and their networks will soon become one of the core forms of economic and technological advancement. Further on, the variety of clusters and their networks is defined, and the idea of clusterization generally oriented towards creation and promotion of high technologies is given. In addition, some typical factors of the economic and social development of the European Union are being described here, and it is subsequently proved that these factors reflect the common context of creation of the knowledge based economies. Understanding of these factors allows us to consequently implement strategies of two types that could create the economies based on knowledge: first, these are the strategies oriented towards integration of the processes of economic and social development, along with the strategies oriented towards the syntesis of the results of the economic endeavours and technology advancement of different origins. The need for implementation of these strategies of two types mean that new types of management will have to be developed in the situation of knowledge based economies: these patterns will be built on the ideas of integration (the patterns of this kind are designed to create new formations), along with the patterns based on the ideas of synthesis these patterns are designed to create quantitatively new quality systems). The use of the both patterns in the future will be critical within both the processes of clusterization and creation of other economies based on knowledge. The promotion of the patterns based on the ideas of integration and synthesis is a core prerequisite for encouragement of innovations and improvement of technology transmition systems. The new challenges and possibilities of the modernization of public management in the conditions of the creation of knowledge based society and knowledge economy are described. The new principles of public management are formulated the principles of the humanistic priorities, of the harmonization, of the complex ecologization, of the innovation activities and tolerance for innovations). Further research dedicated to the patterns mentioned above, a promising trend of the science of management and administration directly connected to the needs for creation knowledge based societies and knowledge economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper elaborates on the phenomena of big data (BD), its features, strengths and weaknesses, and expected impact on information activities. The boost of attention, attracted lately to the phenomena of BD, has inspired a more thorough research of its specifics, potential, opportunities and threats in a context of contemporary management. The analytic nature of BD should expand the options of sophisticated information activities to satisfy complex information needs. In situations attributed to BD, data volumes that did not exist in this size until now should significantly reinforce the reliability of analysis results. As well, they should set up preconditions to discover previously unknown rules and data relations. This creates significant expectations in the user community; on the other hand, new specific DD-related threats and risks are possible. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the BD phenomena and possible inducted changes in information processes and management in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]