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A 74-year-old woman with central nervous system-relapsed mantle cell lymphoma experienced grade 1 cytokine release syndrome and grade 2 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome during treatment with brexucabtagene-autoleucel. She also showed a lack of efficacy with various other treatments, including rituximab, ibrutinib, methotrexate, cytarabine, dexamethasone, and tocilizumab. Despite these challenges, the woman achieved complete remission of mantle cell lymphoma after treatment with brexucabtagene-autoleucel. [Extracted from the article]

A 77-year-old man with multiple myeloma developed immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and parkinsonism during treatment with idecabtagene-vicleucel. He initially experienced grade 1 CRS, which was treated with tocilizumab. On day 23, he developed ICANS, characterized by tremor and gait impairment. Neurological examination revealed parkinsonism symptoms. Treatment with dexamethasone led to improvement in symptoms, and by day 90, all neurological symptoms had resolved. [Extracted from the article]

A man in his 40s with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) experienced lack of efficacy with dasatinib treatment. He then received brexucabtagene-autoleucel and developed cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome, which resolved. The patient later showed improvement in ALL and underwent a second allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. [Extracted from the article]

In a study of 23 patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (R/R MCL), two patients developed cytokine release syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after receiving treatment with brexucabtagene-autoleucel. The patients had previously received unspecified treatments and leukapheresis. One patient experienced Grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome, while the other developed grade 5 multiple organ dysfunction syndrome on day 20 after the infusion. The specific details of the treatment, dosages, and outcomes were not provided in the article. [Extracted from the article]

A 50-year-old man with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement experienced lack of efficacy with ibrutinib and lenalidomide. He later developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) while being treated with brexucabtagene-autoleucel for MCL with CNS involvement. Despite previous treatments and a relapse, the patient achieved a complete response after receiving fludarabine and cyclosphosphamide lymphodepletion followed by brexucabtagene-autoleucel infusion. The patient's MCL with CNS involvement improved and he achieved a complete response. [Extracted from the article]

Two case reports describe patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) after receiving outpatient teclistamab step-up dosing. The first patient experienced grade 1 CRS and grade 1 ICANS, while the second patient had grade 2 CRS. Both patients were admitted for observation and management, and were treated with tocilizumab and dexamethasone. After treatment, both patients experienced prompt resolution of CRS/ICANS and were able to complete the step-up dosing without recurrence of the toxicities. [Extracted from the article]

A 74-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel. Despite receiving tocilizumab, dexamethasone, anakinra, and methylprednisolone for ICANS, the patient did not show any improvement (lack of efficacy). His condition worsened, and he eventually died after three months of symptom onset. Autopsy was not performed. [Extracted from the article]

A 26-year-old man with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel. He experienced fever and tachycardia consistent with grade 1 CRS, followed by rapidly progressive ICANS characterized by handwriting impairment and encephalopathy. The patient received tocilizumab and dexamethasone, and his ICANS ultimately resolved. MRI scans showed initial abnormalities that later resolved. [Extracted from the article]

However on day 38 after the initiation of axicabtagene-ciloleucel therapy, the patient died due to haemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis and grade 5 cytokine-release syndrome. Severity of Cytokine Release Syndrome Influences Outcome After Axicabtagene Ciloleucel for Large B cell Lymphoma: Results from the US Lymphoma CAR-T Consortium. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In this large multi-center observational cohort study of 275 patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) treated with axicabtagene-ciloleucel, one patient [ I age and sex not stated i ] was described, who developed fatal haemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis and fatal cytokine-release syndrome during treatment with axicabtagene-ciloleucel for R/R LBCL [ I dosage and route not stated i ]. [Extracted from the article]

Prior to the chemotherapy, she received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy with axicabtagene-ciloleucel [Axi-cel] 2×10 SP 6 sp anti-CD19 CAR T-cells/kg). Axicabtagene-ciloleucel/tocilizumab: Cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome: case report B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 35-year-old woman developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) following treatment with axicabtagene-ciloleucel and tocilizumab for large B-cell lymphoma [ I not all routes and dosages stated i ]. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 21-year-old woman developed cytokine release syndrome and macrophage activated syndrome during treatment with AUTO-3 for Philadelphia chromosome-like B-lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like ALL). Additionally, she also developed macrophage-activated syndrome, which was characterised by high fever, an increase of ferritin, fibrinogen depletion and decreased natural killer (NK) cell activity. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 53-year-old man developed neutropenic fever and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Subsequently, he developed grade 4 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome and worsening of his altered mental status and generalized seizures were noted. Thereafter, his cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome recovered, and he received immune globulin for multifocal motor neuropathy. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 23-year-old woman developed cytokinese release syndrome during treatment with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis. The woman with highly active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, presented with right lower limb numbness. She required treatment with chlorphenamine [chlorpheniramine] and hydrocortisone for one week, along with prednisolone after completion of the alemtuzumab therapy [ I outcome not stated i ]. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 31-year-old man developed grade 1 cytokine release syndrome following administration of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced-T-cells and he developed grade 3 cytokine release syndrome and hemophagocytic syndrome following an administration of auto-3 for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Within 12 h following the infusion, he developed grade 1 cytokine release syndrome with fever. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 66-year-old woman developed immune effector cell associated neurological syndrome during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel for refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. However, she was admitted to intensive treatment unit with grade 4 immune effector cell associated neurological syndrome and complex partial seizure activity. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event An 18-year-old girl developed cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel, cyclophosphamide, methylprednisolone, rituximab and fludarabine for primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) [ I routes not stated; not all dosages stated i ]. On day +4, she developed cytokine release syndrome (grade 1) and on day+5, she developed immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (grade 3) secondary to axicabtagene ciloleucel, methylprednisolone, fludarabine, rituximab and cyclophosphamide. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 68-year-old man developed cytokine release syndrome, tumour lysis syndrome and autoimmune toxicity following treatment with atezolizumab for metastatic small cell cancer of the lung. His laboratory investigations were consistent with tumour lysis syndrome. [Extracted from the article]