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A retrospective study published in Clinical Drug Investigation found that Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, such as abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib, may increase the risk of neurological and psychiatric adverse events (AEs). Data from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) showed positive signals for AEs like spinal cord herniation, aversion, and cerebral microangiopathy in patients aged 65-85 years. The study emphasized the importance of close monitoring due to the severity and early onset of these AEs associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. [Extracted from the article]

Three case reports were described in which patients developed paraneoplastic neurological syndrome while being treated with pembrolizumab for lung or ovarian adenocarcinoma. In all three cases, the patients experienced neurological symptoms within three months of starting pembrolizumab. Despite treatment, there was no improvement in their conditions, and cancer progression was reported in two of the cases. One patient passed away, but the cause of death was not stated. [Extracted from the article]

A 63-year-old woman experienced treatment failure while being treated with tolvaptan for paraneoplastic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The woman had a history of hyponatremia and migraines and was later diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). She received radio-chemotherapy for SCLC and later developed new nodules in her lung and multiple lesions in her liver and pancreas. Tolvaptan was prescribed to treat her SIADH, but her condition worsened, leading to multiple hospitalizations. Unfortunately, she passed away in February 2021 due to disseminated liver metastases and liver failure. [Extracted from the article]

A 69-year-old man with metastatic colon cancer developed neuromuscular paraneoplastic syndrome while being treated with pembrolizumab. The man experienced symptoms such as orthopnoea, dysphagia, and peripheral neuropathy. Despite receiving chemotherapy and starting pembrolizumab, his condition worsened and he ultimately died from paraneoplastic syndrome. An autopsy was performed, but the cause of death was not specified. [Extracted from the article]

A man in his 50s developed thyrotoxicosis while being treated with levothyroxine-sodium for Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) of the thyroid. He also experienced a lack of efficacy with other treatments such as cabozantinib, iodine-radioactive, lenvatinib, and pazopanib for HCC of the thyroid. The man's levothyroxine-sodium was discontinued, and he was treated with iodine-radioactive, lenvatinib, cabozantinib, and pazopanib, but all showed a lack of efficacy. He was subsequently treated with palliative radiotherapy and zoledronic acid for hypercalcemia of malignancy. The dose of levothyroxine-sodium was adjusted, resulting in normal FT3 levels but no change in FT4 and TSH levels. [Extracted from the article]

A 68-year-old man developed anti-collapsin response-mediator protein (CRMP)-5 antibody-related paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) and neurological adverse events (nAE's) while being treated with durvalumab for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). He experienced difficulty walking, ataxia, hyperkinetic movement, and fecal incontinence. Durvalumab was discontinued, and he was diagnosed with durvalumab-induced PNS manifesting encephalomyelitis. Treatment with methylprednisolone initially improved his condition, but he later relapsed with muscle weakness and sensory disturbances. Despite treatment with methylprednisolone, his symptoms did not improve, suggesting a lack of efficacy. Plasma exchange therapy eventually led to improvement, and he was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital. [Extracted from the article]

Author InformationAn event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is:• * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important eventA 75-year-old man developed paraneoplastic neurological syndrome during treatment with durvalumab for small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Additionally, he exhibited a lack of efficacy during treatment with methylprednisolone for paraneoplastic neurological syndrome [routes, duration of treatment to reaction onset and outcome not stated]. [Extracted from the article]

Autoimmune cerebellar ataxia was considered and she started receiving unspecified pulse glucocorticoid and IV immune-globulin [immunoglobulin]. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 40-year-old woman exhibited lack of efficacy during treatment with immune-globulin and unspecified glucocorticoid for autoimmune cerebellar ataxia and goserelin and letrozole for breast adenocarcinoma [ I not all routes stated; dosages not stated i ]. However, the treatment was found ineffective (lack of efficacy to immune-globulin and unspecified glucocorticoid) and she developed dysphagia and slurred speech. [Extracted from the article]

However, after the cycle 1 of chemotherapy in December 2020, he experienced a rapid worsening of the paraneoplastic syndrome, consisted severe somnolence, dysarthria and ataxia, which was attributed to cisplatin and pemetrexed. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 57-years-old man developed worsening of the paraneoplastic syndrome during treatment with cisplatin and pemetrexed for EGFR-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 35-year-old woman exhibited no response during treatment with immune globulin and plasma therapy for paraneoplastic stiff-person syndrome. She was diagnosed with anti-amphiphysin autoantibodies-positive paraneoplastic stiff-person syndrome related to occult breast cancer. Amphiphysin expression in a case of occult cancer with paraneoplastic stiff-person syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event An approximately 76-year-old man developed paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome during treatment with pembrolizumab for metastatic merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). He experienced worsening of constipation, which was attributed to the treatment with hydrocodone/paracetamol (opioids). [Extracted from the article]

The patients, who had been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (4 patients), a pleural mesotheliom (1 patient) and a renal clear cell carcinoma (1 patient) started receiving nivolumab (3 patients), pembrolizumab (2 patients) and a combination of ipilimumab with nivolumab (1 patient). Additional treatment was given to four of these six patients including immune globulin [immunoglobulin] (2 patients), plasmapheresis (1 patient) and rituximab (1 patient). Despite of all these treatment measures, four of these six patients died and the remaining 2 patients showed a moderate to severe disability. [Extracted from the article]

A 66-year-old man developed cerebellar ataxia following treatment with atezolizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. Differential diagnoses included treatment-related toxicities or a paraneoplastic syndrome. Case report: immune-mediated cerebellar ataxia secondary to anti-PD-L1 treatment for lung cancer. [Extracted from the article]

An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: B » Editorial comment: b Details of this case report have previously been published [see Reactions 1761 p101; 803405614]. [Extracted from the article]

A 49-year-old woman exhibited a decrease in her haemoglobin level secondary to haemolytic transfusion reaction following treatment with immuneglobulin for paraneoplastic syndrome. Further investigations were performed for the evidence of immune globulin-associated passive transfer of isohaemagglutinins with haemolysis (haemolytic transfusion reaction). "This case demonstrates that although IV [immune globulin] is known to cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and complicate immunohematologic workups, sometimes the most classic scenario may explain the laboratory findings." i. [Extracted from the article]

In a case series of three patients, a 45-year-old man developed sensory gangliopathy during treatment with cisplatin for testicular seminoma. CSF and blood analysis were negative for onconeural antibodies and HIV. B Author comment: b I "Sensory gangliopathies (SG) are a rare type of peripheral neuropathy secondary to degeneration of the primary sensory neuron.". [Extracted from the article]

A 15-year-old boy developed ifosfamide induced encephalopathy, dizziness, somnolence, nephropathy, hallucinations, electrolyte deficits and doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy following chemotherapy for primary intracranial sarcoma [ I dosages, routes, durations of treatments to reactions onsets and outcomes not stated i ]. He developed ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy grade III, somnolence, hallucinations, dizziness, nephropathy, electrolyte deficits and cardiomyopathy likely to be related to doxorubicin. B Author comment: b I "The patient developed severe chemotherapy-associated toxic adverse effects including high-dose ifosfamide induced encephalopathy III with somnolence, dizziness, and hallucinations, nephropathy with electrolyte deficits and cardiomyopathy likely to be related to anthracyclines [doxorubicin]." i. [Extracted from the article]

A man in his 70s [ I exact age not stated i ] developed paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome secondary to neuroendocrine prostate cancer following treatment with abiraterone acetate and unspecified anti-androgen therapy for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [ I routes, dosages and times to reactions onsets not stated i ]. B Author comment: b I "Treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer has become increasingly more common owing to the development of second-generation anti-hormonal therapy." Paraneoplastic Syndrome Secondary to Treatment Emergent Neuroendocrine Tumor in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Unique Case. [Extracted from the article]

An abstract of the article "Bendamustine triggered paraneoplastic pemphigus in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia," by D. Fohring and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Paraneoplastic syndrome and underlying breast cancer: A worsening rash despite initiation of chemotherapy" by S. Ahuja and others is presented.

The article presents a case study of a 44-year-old woman with clear cell ovarian cancer who developed paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia; possibility of a causal relationship of this condition with the intake of calcium supplements for more than 10 years is highlighted.

The article describes the case of a 70-year-old man who developed Kikuchi disease-like syndrome presenting as a paraneoplastic syndrome while receiving carboplatin and gemcitabine.