Search

Malaysia is one of the leading producers and exporters of oil palm, and the industry contributes significantly to the growth of the national economy. Nonetheless, the consequential oil palm biomass (OPB) with a potential yield of ∼97 million tonnes annually presents both challenges and opportunities, demanding innovative waste management solutions. This paper explores the feasibility of converting OPB into valuable commodities by employing concentrated solar-driven pyrolysis. A detailed overview of the biomass produced from oil palm plantations and mills is provided, along with a discussion of the industry stakeholders and associated biomass management challenges. The pyrolysis of OPB is explored, emphasizing benefits, potential barriers, and techniques. The focus then shifts to Malaysia's solar potential, which ranges from 1470 to 1900 kWh/m2 annually. The potentials of solar pyrolysis are explored, encompassing discussions on solar concentrator types, reactors, and the distribution of solar and OPB resources throughout Malaysia. The paper then recommends Tawau in Sabah, as an ideal location for OPB solar pyrolysis, due to its solar availability (up to 1873 kWh/m2), potential OPB resources from 19 mills and 241 plantations, and supportive infrastructure. The paper proposes solar-driven pyrolysis as a sustainable solution for Malaysia's OPB management, offers insights for policy initiatives and technological innovations in optimizing OPB and solar energy utilization. • Analyzes oil palm biomass potential for solar pyrolysis in Malaysia. • Explores solar resources in Malaysia for solar-driven pyrolysis. • Examines solar concentrators and reactors for pyrolysis. • Identifies potential city, as the optimal location for solar pyrolysis. • Discusses commercialization challenges of solar-driven pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As subsidies continue to fall, the technology and cost performance of distributed photovoltaic (PV) determines the progress of its grid parity. Based on the discussion of technology and cost, this paper analyzed the economic performance of China's distributed PV industry by utilizing the two indicators of levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and internal rate of return (IRR). The results show that: firstly, the current external environment is generally conducive to the development of distributed PV, but there are still some constraints. Secondly, with the decrease of unit investment cost, distributed PV can achieve the goal of parity before 2025. Thirdly, distributed PV projects in the three types of solar energy resources all have high IRR, and the economic performance is better for the projects with high proportion of spontaneous self-use. At the end of the paper, policy recommendations are offered as references for the government. • We comprehensively analyzed the technology and cost performance of China's distributed PV. • We focused on the trend and decline path of China's distributed PV costs. • The LCOE of distributed PV in China is expected to achieve full parity in 2025. • Except 100% grid-connected mode, the IRR of distributed PV power plants in three areas is higher than 8% which has shown good economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Propelled by the actual demand from the renewable energy industry, the progress of literature on quantitative forecasting models during the past years is extensive. Research provides a vast output of papers on wind speed, wind power, solar irradiance and solar power forecasting models, accompanied by models for energy load and price forecasting for short-term (e.g. for the intraday trading schemes available at many market places) to medium-term (e.g. for day-ahead trading) usage. While the models themselves are, mostly, rather sophisticated, the statistical evaluation of the results sometimes leaves headroom for improvement. Unfortunately, the latter may occasionally result in the rejection of papers. This review aims at giving support at this point: It provides a guide on how to avoid typical mistakes of presenting and evaluating the results of forecasting models. The best practice of forecasting accuracy evaluation, benchmarking, and graphically/tabularly presenting forecasting results is shown. We discuss techniques, examples, guide to a set of paragon papers, and clarify on a state-of-the-art minimum standard of proceeding with the submission of renewable energy forecasting research papers. Highlights • We provide a baseline for the empirical assessment of renewable energy forecasting. • Prices, wind speed/power solar irradiance or price and load forecasts are covered. • We show how to present and evaluate forecasting results. • Performing and evaluating OOS studies and probabilistic forecasts is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Under the circumstances of global carbon emissions reduction, it has become a trend to promote the adoption of clean energies, such as solar energy. With the increasing maturity of photovoltaic (PV) technology, household-type distributed solar PV power generation projects are increasingly popular in China. Nevertheless, compared with conventional power generation, the initial cost of a solar PV project remains relatively high. Therefore, to mobilize the incentives of the general public, there is an urgent need for studies on how to share the costs and benefits of a solar PV power generation project between the government and users. By adopting the Shapley Game methodology, this paper has conducted a theoretical analysis of the cost-sharing among the central government, local government, and users and has built an investment cost-sharing model ( C i ′ = P (i) − V s (i) − V r i , i = 1 , 2 , 3) , which is able to coordinate the benefit of all three stakeholders. This is followed by a case study. The results show that, under China's central government subsidy of 0.42 yuan per kWh, the best strategy for the local government to encourage the public to install solar PV facilities is to provide a one-off compensation equal to 30% of the initial investment. Finally, this paper proposes relevant policy recommendations to promote the development of solar PV power generation for emissions reduction in China. Highlights • We made a cost-sharing analysis of a solar PV project using the Shapley value. • We built an investment cost-sharing model (C′i = P(i)- Vs(i)- Vri, i = 1,2,3). • Providing 30% of initial subsidy is the best strategy for China's local government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The energy consumption in buildings accounts for a significant proportion of total energy and carbon emissions over the world. To reduce the building energy consumption and achieve sustainable development of buildings, nearly zero energy buildings (NZEBs) have attracted widespread attention as a future building energy target. This paper reviews energy-efficient measures (EEMs) and renewable energy technologies (RETs) in NZEBs and discusses the application and suitability of the key technologies, i.e. minimizing the energy demand in NZEBs by EEMs and adopting RETs to meet the remaining energy needs. EEMs contain efficient thermal insulation system, high-performance window system, good airtightness and fresh air heat recovery system. RETs are composed of solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system, air source heat pump system (ASHP), ground source heat pump system (GSHP), and wind power. In addition, this paper emphasizes further research works, which involve life cycle energy analysis (LCEA), meteorological parameters change, intelligent building operation management (IBOM) system, energy storage system and social policy issues. This paper will provide some references for the further development of NZEBs in different climatic regions in China. Highlights • This paper systematically reviews application of EEMs and RETs in NZEBs in China. • Feasibility and suitability of EEMs and RETs are evaluated from different aspects. • Further research work and development direction of NZEBs are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has caused growing concern in the international community. The Kyoto Protocol was signed by a majority of the world with the clear intention of reducing emissions. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a part of the Kyoto Protocol and allows industrialized countries to reduce their emission by making contribution to developing countries. In this study, several research papers related to sustainability and multi-criteria analysis of energy projects were reviewed and classified based on their focus, motivation and contribution to achieve a comprehensive summary. Additionally, this paper presents a review of multi criteria decision methods and sustainability indicators under five pillars: technical, economic, social, environmental, and risk. Moreover, sustainability analysis of worldwide CDM concentrated solar power (CSP) projects was performed by using MAUT method. The analysis was repeated based on several scenarios including different criteria and criteria weights. The purpose of this research is proposing a framework and providing an understanding for decision makers to evaluate the sustainability of CDM energy projects. This work can provide perceptions to future installations and further insights for the development of sustainable CDM energy projects around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of needing for renewable energy sources is completely clear. The sun is one of the biggest and most reliable sources and two types of major devices for extracting energy from it, are solar cells and collectors. The produced energy by these devices extremely depends on solar irradiance which means by increasing of irradiation, the out coming energy will get high. This paper is going to review some of the main models of irradiance estimation and two main approaches of detecting optimum tilt angle. In the last part of the paper these models compared and the optimum tilt angle for major cities of Iran calculated and finally four relations expressed to compare results of four common models, Perez, Hay, Gueymard and S&O (Skartveit and Olseth). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault current studies are often required to determine the proper settings for the overcurrent relays. The conventional synchronous generators are known to exhibit high current magnitude during fault, which present an ideal scenario for fault isolation using the cost-effective overcurrent relays. On the other hand, the fault current magnitude from renewable based generation such as solar photovoltaic (PV) is intentionally limited due to the constraints in the power electronic components. Therefore, dispute pertaining to the feasibility of overcurrent relay in inverter based distributed generations (IBDG) applications arises. These disputes mainly arise due to the unavailability of firm understanding of the fault current characteristics from the IBDGs. The problem is further compounded with the availability of numerous possible fault current controls, where various fault current characteristics can be obtained from the IBDGs. In light of this problem, this paper aims to establish the various possible IBDG fault current characteristics, with special attention paid to compliance to the latest grid codes requirements such as low voltage ride through (LVRT) with reactive current injection (RCI). Five different types of RCI controls are analyzed as follows: variable active current control, constant active power control, constant reactive power control, constant active current control, and maximum current control. From the established fault current characteristics in this paper, the disputes pertaining to the feasibility of overcurrent relay for IBDG applications can be resolved and the suitable types of RCI control that allow satisfactory performance of overcurrent relays can be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy becomes necessary for human being. Generation of electrical energy mostly depends on fossils fuel, they are limited in nature and also responsible for environmental pollution. Renewable energy resources provides a better alternative for future,In comparison to conventional energy resources economical aspect is a major issue of renewable energy sources with the feasibility and efficiency. These limitations are tried to overcome by deployment hybrid renewable energy resources. There are certain criteria to analyze and implement the sized, optimized and cost efficient system. This paper focus on hybrid energy systems based on solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind resources. This paper shed lights on various parameters of economic feasibility, sizing strategies with logical advancements to enhance their utilization, future prospects, and their arrangement. Strategies to develop an effective storage system is also presented here.A brief review on developments in optimization techniques, reliability index and cost analyzing techniques for hybrid renewable energy systems are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By year 2030, the world's energy demand is expected to increase by over 60% of current demand. Thus, the potential of renewable energy should be investigated. Renewable energy is the energy from natural and unnatural available forms including wind, biomass, solar, and waste heat energy generated through various human activities. Solar energy is an available and clean form of renewable energy used as an alternative to fossil fuel in generating energy. However, the maximum extraction of thermal energy from the sun is most challenging. This study focuses on energy generation using the parabolic trough collector (PTC). This review contains geometrical analysis including the thermal approach of the PTC model, heat transfer, and method of enhancing thermal efficiency on the PTC receiver. This paper also includes performance analysis, thermal efficiency, and applications of the solar-powered PTC and the history of PTC evolution. The PTC applications include desalination process, air heating system, power plants, refrigeration, and industrial heating purposes. This paper benefits researcher that focus on the solar-powered PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the barriers that inhibit the deployment of renewable energy technologies to achieve long-term reductions in carbon emissions from the use of fossil fuels is paramount to Barbados. Although there are targets towards renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass, geothermal) uptake, the share of these technologies in the energy mix does not exist in Barbados due to the total dependence on fossil fuels. In this paper, a review of potential challenges and the main problems for deployment of alternative energy sources is presented. Through interviews, questionnaires with a focus group of key personnel's, the paper documents the lack of renewable energy sources (with emphasis on solar energy) as one of the main alternatives to meet the carbon emission targets set by the country. The barriers and challenges facing the implementation of solar energy deployment have been clarified. From the results, it is evident that significant policy barriers still exist at the country level, which has reduced the effectiveness of a concerted national effort to deploy renewables. The current policy landscape which benefits from fossil fuel imports, the lack of technical know-how and the lack of research and development in the renewable energy space are amongst the key barriers identified. The paper also outlines the key policy's frameworks, regulatory environment and the lack of incentives, which encompasses the renewable energy sector, and presents a critical analysis of the barriers faced by the industry. A mitigation framework is proposed to bridge the gap of solar energy (renewable energy) deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive review on solar tracking systems and their potentials in solar energy applications. The paper overviews the design parameters, construction, types and drive system techniques covering different usage application. There are two main solar tracking systems types that depending on their movement degrees of freedoms are single axis solar tracking system and dual axis solar tracking system, which are addressed in the recent studies. The solar tracker drive systems encompassed five categories based on the tracking technologies, namely, active tracking, passive tracking, semi-passive tracking, manual tracking, and chronological tracking. The paper described the various designs and components of the tracking systems. There are 42.57% of the studies discussed and presented single axis tracking systems while 41.58% of these studies to the dual axes tracking systems. In the recent research studies, the most common solar tracker drive type was active tracker by 76.42% usage in applications while in the second most impact type is the chronological solar tracker by 7.55%. Furthermore, in the solar tracking techniques, Azimuth and altitude tracking achieved 16.67% in usage, Horizontal tracking by 16.67%, Azimuth tracking by 10%, and polar tracking by 4.44%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a systematic literature review of solar energy studies conducted in Nordic built environments to provide an overview of the current status of the research, identify the most common metrics and parameters at high latitudes, and identify research gaps. 55 publications are included in the review and categorized according to three main urban spatial domains: (i) outdoor, (ii) envelope, and (iii) indoor. In addition, a category for publications investigating more than one spatial domain (multi-domain) is included. The first part of the paper presents a publication analysis of keywords, history and methods, channels, citations, geographical distribution, and spatial domain coverage. In the second part, the main findings for each urban spatial domain are presented and discussed. The results show that the majority of the studies applied numerical methods in their workflow and the envelope is the most researched spatial domain, with studies focusing either on the potential exploitation of solar energy through active solar systems, or the prediction of indoor daylight conditions by using the façade as a proxy for the indoor domain. Among the main findings, urban density, building morphology, and orientation are the most utilized parameters, while solar irradiation and direct sunlight are the most common metrics. This review paper reveals significant research gaps in the field of solar accessibility in high-latitude Nordic built environments: (i) numerical studies that simultaneously address and interlink all three urban spatial domains are missing; (ii) deeper investigation of the outdoor domain is needed. • Growing interest in the field of solar accessibility in high-latitude urban areas. • Urban density, building morphology and orientation identified as common parameters. • Solar irradiation and direct sunlight identified as the most utilized metrics. • Most researched urban spatial domain is the envelope while outdoor is the least. • Significant gap in the research of numerical studies overarching multiple domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By exploiting the 3 K coldness of outer space as heat sink of terrestrial thermal radiation, passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) can achieve sub-ambient temperatures without any energy consumption, and thus exhibiting extraordinary application potentials. By pursuing the dual-band (solar and atmosphere window) optical properties to approach ideal 100 %, PDRC can maximize dissipating long wavelength infrared radiation to space and minimize absorbing sunlight simultaneously. PDRC technology can reach146 W/m2 theoretical cooling power and up to 120 W/m2 during application. This article focuses on the fundamental physics mechanism of radiative transfer and natural radiative cooling phenomena. Methodologies of infrared absorption functional group selection, optical band gap selection for solar reflection, photon and phonon enhanced resonance by micro-structure were discussed in detail to give a comprehensive instructing strategy of radiative cooling power improvement. Although PDRC technology can achieve sum-ambient temperature cooling without consuming any energy, its drawbacks such as single function of cooling and high whiteness requirement needed to hinder its large-scale application. This article also outlines the current primary applications of PDRC technology, along with summarizing the challenges and potential opportunities it encounters in practical implementation. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the fundamental physical mechanisms, methods for enhancing its power output, as well as the current state and future developments of PDRC applications, providing potential guidance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. • Advancements of radiative cooling technology were reviewed comprehensively. • Fundamental physics of passive radiative cooling was reviewed comprehensively. • Material selection methodology and optical mechanism were discussed in detail. • The recent application of passive daytime radiative cooling was reviewed. • Some current challenges and potential applications were presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing energy demands worldwide, the consumption of fossil fuels has increased unprecedently which are scarce in nature. This has led to environmental degradation and global warming which is a matter of concern. These factors lead to the rise in renewable energy sector in last decade. Among various renewable energy sources, solar energy is most exclusively used because of its ease of availability and least impact on the environment. Flat plate solar collector is most widely used solar collector but is less efficient (low capability to convert solar energy to thermal energy). The use of nanofluid (fluid obtained by mixing nanoparticle in base fluid) in place of base fluid has improved effect on thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity. The use of nanofluid on flat plate solar collector (FPSC) & direct absorption solar collector (DASC) can be identified as an effective way to enhance the performance of solar collector. With the advancement in nanotechnology and growing thrust over increasing the performance of solar devices a lot of work has been done in this regard. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the various research work done on the application of nanofluid in solar thermal devices. This review paper identifies the effect of various parameters and the optimum working condition. This paper also identifies the probable challenges we ought to face while developing thermal collector using nanofluids thus identifying the opportunities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive review on research and developments on solar assisted compression heat pump systems, mostly reported during the last two decades. The first part of this paper provides a detailed description of the past efforts on various system configurations, system modeling, enhancement of system performance, modifications in compression heat pump cycles and environment friendly refrigerant options for solar assisted compression heat pump systems. The economical and environmental impacts of solar assisted compression heat pump systems are also described. Further research needs in this important field of solar assisted compression heat pump are listed. The outcomes of this review confirm that, there is a lot of research scope for improving the performance of the system and reducing its initial cost to make it competitive in the global market. The information presented in this paper is shall be highly beneficial for the active researchers working presently on solar assisted compression heat pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic system is widely installed to increase the share of renewable energy as well as to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuel based energy. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most potential renewable energy based power generation systems. Monitoring of PV system is very important to send information that allows owners to maintain, operate and control these systems to reduce maintenance costs and to avoid unwanted electric power disruptions. Different monitoring systems have been introduced with the time following different requirements. Circuit complexity, availability of friendly graphical user interface, easy to understand system architecture, maintenance facility and customization ability for end user differ from system to system along with cost issues. This paper provides an overview of architectures and features of various PV monitoring systems based on different methods. There are various technologies for PV monitoring and control, developed as for commercial use or research tasks. It has been seen that a large portion of the work is done on classifications, for example, Internet based Monitoring using Servers, TCP/IP, GPRS and so forth. There are various methodologies for data acquisition, for example, PLC (Power Line Communication), PIC, Reference cell, National Instruments etc. Various requirements are considered while selecting a proper monitoring system for an application. Review of various monitoring technologies with system attributes and working structures have been discussed to get a clear view of merits and demerits of existing PV monitoring systems. All the systems discussed in this paper have pros and cons, and these systems were developed following different requirements. In the end, a particular cost effective monitoring system using Arduino microcontroller has been proposed considering both research and user level requirements from perspectives of cost, availability of parts/modules and features, compatibility with sensors and end-devices etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural convection primarily driven by the absorption of thermal energy known as penetrative or thermo-convection is a topic that generates attention due to its importance in various physical systems. A very common example of where this process can be found in geophysical systems such as lakes, where radiation induced natural convective transport have been seen to influence water temperature, biological activity and water quality. The present paper reviews previous analytical, experimental and numerical studies reported in literature concerning natural convection driven by absorption of thermal radiation. Many of the reviewed studies were motivated by the interest of investigators to understand the physical processes in volumetric absorption thermal radiation in a fluid layer process and its associated energy transport. In this class of problems, temperature fields are generally described as non-linear and the associated fluid flow is considered rather complex owing to coupling between the direct absorption of radiation and fluid flow. Parametric investigations for the effect of various parameters of interest such as the Rayleigh numbers, Prandtl numbers, spectral nature of incident radiative flux, optical depth, fluid absorptivity, aspect ratio, albedo and boundary emissivity on natural convection have been investigated. The overall aim of the current review is to present a comprehensive review of the previous and recent approaches applied in the investigations of radiation induced natural convection in reservoirs. The paper also aims to contribute to improving the understanding of the physical processes, heat transfer and fluid dynamics associated with the thermal energy deposition into a fluid layer. The paper is also highlight the potential application of this concept to help keep solar energy capture costs to a minimum and inform efficient designs of energy systems based on the concept of direct absorption of thermal energy inside a fluid layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is moving towards the reduction of dependency on fossil fuels. Various innovations are undergoing to make the use of sources of renewable energy like wind, solar, tidal etc. Among these sources, solar energy is available in enormous quantity and best option that may be used for space heating and generation of electric energy. For drying agricultural and non-agricultural products, solar energy can be used directly or indirectly. But in open sun drying the products are affected by external calamities such as rain, insects and animals. To overcome the shortcomings of open sun drying various greenhouse solar dryer had been proposed so far. Some of recent researches have been discussed in the paper. This paper provides the data of already developed greenhouses so the reader can develop new and modified the greenhouse structure. To accomplish this, various researches of recent years have been studied and presented in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of the design parameters, mathematical techniques and simulations used in the design of parabolic trough solar systems, along with a review on their applications. Recent studies that analyze the deployment of solar parabolic trough collectors (SPTC) in different countries and the operational SPTC plants are also presented and discussed. The paper also discusses the different kinds of software and test methods of solar collectors developed since 1981 which can be distinguished by their particular mathematical models or tracking techniques. In particular, since the mathematical models are especially required for the design, analysis, testing and validation of the systems results as they provide an approximation of the dynamic behavior of the physical properties of the system, they are discussed in depth. The mathematical models allow the calculation of different parameters of the solar parabolic trough system, the angle of inclination of the collecting surface and the forces acting on the system. The validity and experimental validation of the major mathematical models on practical solar parabolic trough concentrators, receivers and other components of different dimension are also reviewed. The paper showed the optical efficiency values are close to 63% and the theoretical peak optical efficiency reached 75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase change materials (PCMs) can be applied to several different solar energy systems for the extended heat energy storage which is quite useful as the solar energy is intermittent in nature and is unavailable during the night period. Application of PCMs in solar energy systems allows the solar energy to be used at any time even in the absence of the natural solar radiation. Thus, the use of PCMs in the solar energy systems can bridge the demand and supply gap of the normal electrical energy. This paper deals with the recent advances in PCMs application in different solar energy systems and presents almost all of the emerging areas where the applications of PCM in solar energy systems are urgently required. The novel and most recent developments of PCMs in solar thermal energy systems, such as, solar thermal power plants, solar air heater, solar water heater and solar cooker have been duly covered. Furthermore, the application of PCMs in heating and cooling of buildings have been presented as well as the investigation of the PCM application in the solar photovoltaic systems for the performance enhancement of PCMs. Intrinsically important, from the study it has been found that PCMs have been in use in almost all of the solar energy systems even though their uses are still limited and commercially not available due to several economic and environmental constraints. Thus, the paper attempts to present recent and novel approaches by the authors around the world on PCMs applications in the solar energy in well documented forms. Based on the findings, future recommendations have also been given to provide the idea and pragmatic concepts for the researcher to work on the areas of research for further improvements in the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunlight is often deemed as the only abundant and truly “free” energy resource. Among all the different techniques available to harness solar energy, the most popular and mature technology is the photovoltaic conversion of sunlight into electricity. Despite its merits, solar PV technology has issues with the land requirement (especially in urban areas), capture efficiency and public perception (due to the absence of pleasing aesthetics). The concept of a solar tree is capable of addressing these problems effectively with elegance. In this paper an attempt is made to review the components of the solar tree and its design. The various commercial designs are also discussed along with applications of the solar tree. The paper also addresses the challenges involved with this technology and suggests future research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multi-objective model for expansion with a high share of renewable energy. The model considers three objective functions (minimizing the total cost, maximizing generation at the peak load, and maximizing the contribution of non-hydro renewable sources). The model was then applied to the Brazilian case, using the new government targets for renewable energy. The introduction of the objectives regarding peak load and non-hydro renewable generation lead to an increase of solar power generation. In many studies about Brazil, solar power was not considered, or its participation was negligible, but in this paper the results show solar energy as the main non-hydro renewable source in 2030, due to its capacity to meet the peak demand, since its daily curve coincides with the peak load period. In this study, it was possible to meet 90% of the annual load with renewable sources (with 23% being ensured by non-hydro) and the solar power increased from 21 MW to 40000 MW by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparison between empirical models in the literature and the development of new models for estimating global solar radiation on the horizontal surface in the city of Muğla/Turkey. The necessary meteorological data are collected using a Kipp and Zonen pyranometer installed at the University Campus of the Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University and the records are available from 2007 to 2015, inclusive. In total 105 literature models are assessed to estimate global solar radiation in the Muğla Province using MATLAB software program on the basis of statistical tests such as mean bias error (MBE), mean percentage error (MPE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute bias error (MABE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R 2 ). The results indicate that only two models (Veeran and Kumar/model 24, Chegaar and Chibani/model 35) are within the ±10% acceptable statistical error limits. In this paper, 7 new models are calibrated in the same manner leading to less than 0.8 error values as high R 2 values. In order to reduce the error values of these models data sets are divided into two semesters (January–June and July–December). In addition, Benson's model is investigated and compared with the previous models. Finally, it is found that the cubic and quadratic models are appropriate for January–June and July–December periods, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the media image of solar power in order to understand the recent technology development trends. The increase in both solar PV panels as well as concentrated solar power plants has been influenced by decrease in solar power price, as well as subsidies and general public acceptance. This paper focuses to the latter, through quantitative media analysis. This paper utilises a modern method for media sentiment analysis from both editorial and social media, learning machine based analysis including over 50 000 data points. The results indicate that sentiment toward solar power, especially in social media, has been mostly neutral or positive thus with expected positive effect on technology market deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate quality and reliability of drinking water is vital for all inhabitants and for agriculture and industrial applications. Solar desalination is impactful method for getting potable water from brackish/wastewater in hot climatic condition and/or remote area where the scarcity of water as well as for electricity. In recent years, attention has been focused on development of various designs of solar still in order to overcome limitations possesses by conventional single basin single slope solar still. Pyramid solar still is one of the outcomes of such a development. The present paper reviews the development in the field of pyramid solar still as well as the various techniques to improve the performance of still. From the review on research carried out by the various researchers, it has been found that pyramid solar still is more efficient and economical in compare to conventional single slope single basin still. Thus, the review paper will assist the researchers to understand the fundamentals of pyramid solar still with the need, developments and challenges in pyramid solar still to improve its thermal performance and to make it more and more economic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have the greatest potential to meet the scale of sustainable energy demands, yet large surface areas beyond rooftop areas are required. One source of additional surface area that avoids conflict with food production while scaling with population density is noise barriers, which provide dual use of land area both as noise abatement and energy generation. This paper provides a method to quantify the potential of mass scale deployment of photovoltaic noise barrier (PVNB) systems in a country. Based on a feasibility analysis of the irradiation levels and noise barrier locations, the PV power potential and the energy output for the photovoltaic modules is calculated for specific locations using a tool chain of free GIS software. This method, is then demonstrated with a case study for the state of California and the results are then extrapolated for the entire U.S. The U.S. is an ideal candidate country because noise abatement mandates fall well short of World Health Organizations guidelines and PVNB technology has not been implemented on a wide scale. Using conservative assumptions, the results show that the total PVNB power potential for the U.S. ranges from 7 to 9 GW using only existing noise barriers. According to findings of the paper the installed capacity of the large scale photovoltaic system deployed on noise barriers in a single state is comparable to the installed capacities of the largest solar farms in the U.S. and yet due to the unique mounting of PVNB, such systems provide better land utilization ratios for energy production than conventional solar PV farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water and energy are the key drivers of agricultural production while the world is facing severe energy and water crisis. Increasing crop production per unit area for the increasing population of the world is dire need of time. Thus, sustainable approaches are required to ensure food security and energy security. One of the sustainable development approach is solar photovoltaic water pumping system (SPVWPS). It is a promising alternative to the conventional pumping systems and a cost-effective application especially in remote off-grid areas of developing countries. In recent years, through continuous improvement, the photovoltaic pump system has been widely used in agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors. Present paper intends to review and summarize the recent research and development performed in SPVWPS. The study focuses on components of the photovoltaic pump system, factors affecting system efficiency, performance assessment, optimization of the system, and possibility of combination with other green technologies. An update on the research and current situation of SPVWPS is presented. SPVWPS is found to be feasible in comparison to the conventional pumping systems. Application of PV pumping in different regions of the world are also discussed. This paper aims to provide a broad outlook on SPVWPS for the researchers, engineers, manufacturers, and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laboratory for renewable energy sources of the Higher Education Technical School of Professional Studies in Novi Sad (Serbia) contains the equipment regarding solar and thermal techniques, based on the implementation of solar panels, heat pumps and a pellet stove. Photovoltaic systems include the implementation of static photovoltaic panels, trackers and inverters for power supply of autonomous consumers. In addition, the laboratory is equipped with modern systems of internal and external lighting, a wind generator with accompanying inverter, elements of smart installations and fuel cell systems for laboratory measurements. This paper presents experiences in the implementation of the photovoltaic systems in the educational process through laboratory exercises. The specification of the laboratory equipment, the methodology of work, as well as the electrical schemes of experiments of open circuits and short circuit, recording of electricity-voltage characteristics, tracking the maximum power point, serial and parallel connection and shading of photovoltaic cell are presented. The second group of the trial is performed on the "off grid" photovoltaic system set in the schoolyard and connected to the appropriate inverter with the autonomous group of consumers. The paper presents the results of laboratory measurements, issues for discussion, evaluation of the performance and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to determine which voltage regulation strategies best allow grid-tied Photovoltaic (PV) Systems to be integrated into distribution networks. More particularly, this involves performing a literature review on the negative impacts of grid-tied PV systems on distribution networks, and also the current and proposed voltage regulation methods available. The next step is to assess, through simulation, which strategies allow the greatest amount of PV to be integrated with minimal effect on power quality. This will be done by simulating various Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) radial feeders under varying load conditions and changing solar irradiance levels. Real network data will be incorporated with an accurate model for PV output power to accurately model high penetrations of PV. Our research highlights the necessity of reducing peak loadings through strategies such as energy storage, off-peak loading methods, and reactive power control of inverters to decrease the voltage deviations. It has been shown that voltage rise and reverse power-flows can and should be avoided on distribution feeders. Voltage unbalances can also be easily avoided by following the simple steps outlined in this paper. Now, a proactive approach should be taken by Governments, Distribution Networks System Providers, and customers with PV to ensure that as penetrations increase, Power Quality is not diminished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a global era, continuous increment in energy requisition with its associated cost and relevant climate problems is causing accentuation in exploring more efficient ways to provide air conditioning in enclosed space without degradation of the environment. In the hot and humid area, major part of conventionally produced electrical energy is consumed by air conditioning. Also in the rapidly growing world scarcity of clean water is dilemma as equal as green-house and ozone layer depletion. Thus, there is emergence of dehumidified air for human comfort conditions with having potable clean water same time. In summer with largely available solar radiation, use of hybrid solar system is viable option to overcome problems of dehumidification of liquid desiccant as well as of potable water. Up till now the conventional dehumidification with desiccant solution has been improved or replaced by less costly new systems. This paper provides an extensive literature review on development of liquid desiccant regeneration using solar energy. The paper also includes the recent findings of hybrid solar system in which either two sources of heat is used for regeneration of liquid desiccant or solar energy is used for regeneration of liquid desiccant along with other application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality assurance procedures associated with the financing of large PV plants are becoming increasingly more relevant to the PV scene in general. In this context, PV performance modelling is required in order to predict the energy yield and to rate the operating plant performance. Despite the availability of PV performance models since the early days of photovoltaics, the emergence of new proposals and the current debate on the development of an energy rating standard means that this can still be considered an open question. In the specific context of Quality Assurance Procedures, PV performance models must not only be accurate but must also be based on features specifically supported by manufacturers (datasheet information), in order to maintain the chain of responsibility in the event of failure. This paper reviews the currently available PV performance models with regard to accuracy and also compliance with datasheet specifications and guarantees. Accuracy is assessed through a meticulous measurement campaign conducted on PV arrays of four different technologies at a PV plant located in Navarra (northern Spain). The models reviewed are classified into physical models, based on the full I-V curve, and empirical models, which are solely based on the maximum power point (MPP). Despite the fact that physical models and MPP models with more than three parameters are currently widely used, this paper shows that empirical models with just three independent parameters suffice to accurately describe the relationship between PV array performance and operating conditions and are more easily derived from standard datasheet information. This result suggests that 3-parameter empirical models are the best option for PV performance modelling in the context of technical quality assurance procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is the fastest-growing final form of energy. The strong growth of renewable in many countries raises their share in global power generation to one-third by 2040 [1] . Lack of access to electricity is one of the biggest troubles facing the world's poor, with over 1.6 billion left in the dark globally. The substantial majority of human beings live in rural areas of developing countries which is too far away to be reached through the national grid. For their lighting needs they depend on candles, kerosene lanterns, and firewood* This consequence in an each day rate that is high priced in the long run. Long-term, solar energy is the most practical and low-budget way of bringing power to far flung communities. Small-scale, distributed solar home systems provide an effective and affordable way to bring light to people without electricity. Egypt's electricity use has been growing swiftly as a end result of economic growth in the closing decade. However, Egypt has a massive of its populace residing in rural areas access to energy is still a challenge. The power sector is key to Egypt's monetary development and poverty decrease goals. This paper represents support sustainable livelihoods for rural communities. The paper refers to renewable energy for rural populations with no access to centralized electricity power. The focus is on solar electrical energy and its economic applications for village electrification. The Paper goals to compare between electrical energy cost (kWh) using PV panels, diesel generator and the end of result suggests the cost of 1 kWh from the PV system is less than diesel system for rural residential electricity are 0.22$/kWh and 0.5$/kWh respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional technologies of carbon capture and storage (CCS) are being focused on capturing CO 2 in large-scale demonstrations, which has been proved to result in the high cost and energy penalty. Meanwhile, typical innovative measures, commonly defined as the second generation CCS technologies, elude conventional ones by integrating with solar energy and thus contributing to a more energy-efficient conversion of CO 2 . However, few reviews pay attention to thermodynamic processes and parameters of these novel technologies, and there is a lack of systematic evaluation and comparison among them. This paper firstly presents a guided tour on the state-of-art of typical and innovative CCS technologies integrated with solar energy. An overview on thermodynamic processes, including chemical reactions, operating conditions and efficiency indexes of five typical technologies is presented so that the current development level can be clarified. Since the high energy requirement and related operating cost are the main barriers to the application of existing CCS technologies, the minimum work and second-law efficiency are applied as the main indicators in the second part of this paper which relates to performance evaluation. In addition, the performance windows for innovative technologies are illustrated for the comparison of technological maturity. The results show that energy requirement of innovative CCS technologies from the flue gas is avg. 100–200 kJ/mol CO 2 and the second-law efficiency of them is only 5–12%. Therefore, the maturity and popularity of these novel technologies are still relatively low. But the well-integrated systems and diversified output of these technologies can benefit existing energy infrastructures in a long period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of tilt angle and azimuth angles in solar energy applications. The paper involves an overview of design parameter, applications, simulations and mathematical techniques covering different usage application. The number of references analysing the tilt angle deployment in the context of the research papers of the different countries currently having operations in solar systems is much more significant. Different kinds of models and test methods of optimum tilt angle in different solar systems have been developed since 1956 which can be distinguished by their particular mathematical models or tracking techniques as shown in the latest researches. The mathematical models allows the calculation of different parameters of the solar radiation, the angle of inclination, and the optimum tilt angle of the collecting surface and the effects acting on the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns over environment and increased demand of energy have led the world to think about alternate energy sources such as wind, hydro, solar and fuel cells. Out of these, photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems have become increasingly important all over the world due its availability, cleanness, low maintenance cost and inexhaustible nature. But power produced by the photovoltaic system is stochastic in nature due to the variation of solar irradiation and cell temperature throughout the day. In order to track the varying power, a DC-DC converter with maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is used. Different MPPT algorithms have been proposed for tracking peak power from the PV panel. Selection of adequate DC-DC converter is also an important factor since it has an influence on overall performance of the PV system. This paper presents a comparative study on the characteristics of different non-isolated DC-DC converters and highlights the various research works that has been done on DC-DC converters based MPPT PV system. Study shows that selection of converter also has an impact on the overall performance of the PV system. Based on the survey and comparative study, selection criteria to choose DC-DC converter for PV system is described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar electricity that is produced from photovoltaic solar systems has the potential to deliver clean sustainable energy. Positive steps are being undertaken to minimise greenhouse gas emissions in Australia and photovoltaic solar systems are contributing towards sustainability. The current amount of installed photovoltaic solar systems cannot address the global warming issues in whole, however renewable energy production is contributing towards minimising carbon emissions. One of the main concerns for the residential householders is the economic issue on the use of photovoltaic solar systems. This paper examines life cycle cost effectiveness in using photovoltaic solar systems with capacities ranging from 1.5 kW to 5 kW in relation to the number of occupants and consumption for residential dwellings over a 25-year period. Eight major cities in Australia, including Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne, Brisbane, Hobart, Adelaide, Darwin and Perth, are investigated. Life cycle cost comparisons among different types of electricity grid connected systems, including a gross-feed-in-tariff (GFIT) scheme, a net-feed-in-tariff (NFIT) scheme and a buy-back scheme, are also explored. It is found that all major cities can receive life cycle cost saving in installing photovoltaic solar systems in their residential dwellings. The life cycle cost saving is between $273 and $53,021 and the percentage of cost saving is between 0.35% and 123.83% in a 15-year period. It appears that the GFIT and NFIT schemes offer better benefits than the buy-back scheme in installing photovoltaic solar systems. It is also found that the higher the capacity of the photovoltaic solar systems, the higher the life cycle cost saving can be received. This paper contributes to prove the cost effectiveness of using photovoltaic solar systems with the example from Australian residential dwellings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential consumers in the U.S. have demonstrated a growing interest in rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, resulting in increased adoption over the last decade. However, this has diminished utility revenues, and policymakers have expressed concerns about inequitable consumer access to publicly-funded rooftop PV adoption incentives. In response to these concerns, policymakers and utility companies are changing their policies to discourage rooftop PV adoption. Alternative renewable energy models, such as utility-provided community solar programs, offer a potential solution. However, when designing such programs, it is important to consider the potential impacts on different system stakeholders, including utilities, policymakers, and solar installers. This paper describes an agent-based model that predicts the performance of different residential distributed solar models with respect to these stakeholders' objectives. In this model, consumer agents residing in an urban utility territory decide in each time-step whether they will adopt a particular renewable energy model, and the impacts of their adoption decisions on stakeholder performance metrics are captured over time. Simulation results suggest that if community solar program premium prices are set appropriately, all stakeholders can benefit: the utility can recover part of its revenue losses even as rooftop PV adoption increases, solar installers' businesses can thrive, and increased renewable energy adoption can be achieved equitably. The proposed modeling methodology can help to inform design decisions of distributed solar energy models that avoid benefiting some stakeholders at the unnecessary expense of others. • An agent-based model is developed to study solar adoption in the residential sector. • Consumer adoption behavior is studied for multiple solar-based energy models. • System-level approach with key energy stakeholders' objectives is considered. • Results show all stakeholders can benefit within a mutually beneficial arrangement. • Empirical examples are provided in support of the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel 2D numerical and experimental approach which can be used to assess the thermal performances of a polymer solar collector as a part of the design process. Numerical simulations are performed using software package FLUENT. To simulate radiative heat transfer, different radiation models that are available within FLUENT are applied including the discrete ordinates (DO) and surface-to-surface (S2S) model. Solar incident radiation is taken into account as an energy source computed analytically or via ray tracing software or as an external beam which is a part of boundary condition in semi-transparent DO model. Different combinations of longwave and shortwave radiation modeling are tested, first on a segment of a typical flat plate collector. In the second step, these models are applied to the test box at different boundary conditions and materials. Numerical models are then applied to the geometry of polymer solar collector prototype to assess its thermal efficiency. Combination of longwave radiation computed with DO and S2S sub-model and solar incident radiation modeled analytically or via ray tracing software yields sufficiently accurate results on the all tested computational domains, thus any of them can be used to compute thermal efficiency of a polymer solar collector. On the other hand, when applying semi-transparent DO model with the solar incident radiation modeled by the external beam, the obtained results are unphysical. Present approach is a part of the research aimed at the development of a thermally efficient low-cost polymer solar collector running in a drain back system. The prototype will be then experimentally tested. • A novel 2D numerical and experimental approach is described and discussed. • Numerical simulations are performed with software package FLUENT. • Radiative heat transfer is considered with DO and S2S. • Both models provide sufficiently accurate results. • Thermal efficiency and materials temperatures of a polymer solar collector are computed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an in-depth analysis of a novel scheme for the sustainable mobility, based on electric vehicles, photovoltaic energy and electric energy storage systems. The work aims to analyse such innovative system, putting in evidence its advantages in comparison to a conventional one, based on the grid-to-vehicle technology. The study also provides interesting guidelines for potential users and system designers. Two case studies are presented: i) the taxi fleet of the city centre of Naples and ii) the cargo vans of the city of Salerno; both towns are in Southern Italy. For each case, the hourly power consumption of the vehicles was evaluated, as a function of the daily trip length. An accurate procedure was implemented to select the sites suitable for the installation of the charging stations, including a photovoltaic field and an electric storage system. A comparison was also performed between two different electric storage technologies: lead-acid and lithium-ion battery. The case studies were analysed by means of a detailed dynamic simulation model, developed in TRNSYS. A sensitivity analysis was also performed, to evaluate how different values of the most important design and operating parameters affect the system overall performance. It was found that the results are mostly affected by solar field area, capacity of the energy storage system and investment cost. The comparison between the two selected storage technologies did not exhibit significant differences. For both the cases investigated, it was found that, during the summer, solar energy covers an important amount of the total energy demand. On the contrary, in winter the amount of energy provided by the public electric grid was high. From an economic point of view, assuming a lithium-ion battery capital cost equal to 90 €/kWh, acceptable pay-back periods (about 6 years) were obtained, for both the applications considered. • Dynamic analysis of electric vehicle solar parking focused on sustainable mobility concept. • Transport/statistical model development for both private/public transport sector. • Environmental, energy and economic comparison between lead-acid and lithium-ion battery. • Interesting pay-back periods in case of lithium-ion battery capital cost expected reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a review of exergy and improvement potential (IP) of solar thermal systems is presented. The review includes exergy analysis of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems, solar drying systems and solar collectors. Solar collectors, which are the most essential components of solar thermal systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. Since the solar/PVT collector system is an essential component when the design of sustainability is considered, exergy analysis, which provides a more representative performance rating. In addition, a theoretical and experimental performance of hybrid photovoltaic thermal/thermoelectric (PVT/TE) air collector is investigated. A steady-state thermal analysis of a hybrid PVT/TE air collector is developed to predict air outlet and photovoltaic (PV) temperatures. The predicted results are in close agreement with the experimental study. The percentage error of air outlet and PV temperatures between theoretical and experimental value is 1.1% and 2.6% respectively. On the other hand, the simulated model is then used to study the performances of a hybrid PVT/TE air collector using exergy analysis for the mass flow rate ranging between 0.001 kg/s to 0.15 kg/s and a solar radiation of 600 W/m2. The effect of mass flow rate on exergy efficiency and an advance prospective are observed. The optimum exergy efficiency of PVT/TE obtained is relatively 0.38. In addition, IP is proposed in this study. • The theoretical approach on the hybrid photovoltaic thermal/thermoelectric (PVT/TE) air collector is developed. • The predicted results are in close agreement with the experimental study. • The exergy efficiency of hybrid PVT/TE air collector obtained is superior compared PVT air collectors. • The exergy efficiency of hybrid PVT/TE air collector obtained is 38%. • The exergy efficiency of PVT air collector of review study obtained is 4–18%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is expected to become the main electricity source in the world in the coming decades, with solar and wind power taking a big share of the energy supply. Although there has been a remarkable advance on renewable energy technologies, their integration is still difficult for regulators, market designers and system operators due to the high variability and limited predictability of solar and wind resources. Measures can be adopted to ease their integration, among them geographical diversification. There is plenty of literature about the diversification of solar and wind resources and there is a common conclusion: greater dispersion smooths out power production. However, literature on the effects of spatial diversification on the power system, electricity prices and renewable energy market value is much scarcer. This paper studies the effects of spatial diversification and questions whether integration policies are incentivizing the placement of renewable generators where they provide the highest value to the electricity system in Chile. Using real data and a simplified dispatch model the analysis presented shows evidence of the effects of diversification on wind and solar market value in Chile. Results suggest that spatial diversification has a strong positive effect on the market value of renewable energy, especially in scenarios with active transmission and hydro-storage constraints. Wind market value may vary up to US$10/MW h depending on the level of diversification and the spatial and temporal constraints of the system and, given current storage capacity of hydro reservoirs, the solar market value may increase US$5/MW h due to diversification if transmission capacity is enough. Even though these results must be observed with caution, because they depend on the assumptions made, there is an important effect of renewable spatial diversification that should be observed by regulators. • Effects of spatial diversification on the power system and its prices. • Strategies to mitigate the value drop of variable renewable energies. • Spatial diversification has a positive effect on market value of renewable power. • Storage is important resource to alleviate market value drops of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrator Solar Power (CSP) system is one of renewable solar energy, that has a crucial place in the thermal production. The CSP is used for many different applications, as the turbine steam of electrical generator and co-generation. These applications need thermal energy storage (TES) to allow the system to operate at nighttime. For this purpose, a new control system of CSP is proposed in this paper. The suggested system gives a new design of CSP where including a flexible collector and absorber. The proposed CSP does not control only the absorbed temperature but also aims to obtain the maximum CSP temperature under different illumination and improve the production of the plant. The CSP efficiency is discussed and the effects of including dynamic sensor and absorber in the proposed control system are highlighted and compared with SAM to show the technological advancement of the proposed design. • Proposed a novel CSP technology based on experiment. • Unlike the others it takes in account the design and the dynamic response. • With the proposed technology the profits the energy produced by CSP is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy yield from the solar photovoltaic plant mainly depends on available solar flux, quality of the related power-conditioning equipment incorporated in the system, technical specifications of the panel, the geographic location and also on the environmental parameters. This study provides a comprehensive review of the effect of environmental factors on the various components of photovoltaic systems. It emphasises the environmental factors such as dust, ambient temperature, wind velocity, humidity, snowfall, hailstorms and sandstorms, which deteriorates the energy efficiency of solar plants and the various failure modes of the panels caused by these factors. Finally, the focus is on the methods to find out different failure modes of photovoltaic panels and the various mitigation techniques to improve the energy yield. These mitigation techniques are essential for positioning of photovoltaic arrays in remote, desert, dusty and areas proximate to higher wind speed. This review provides an outlook for the developers to take precautionary measures before locating the site and designing the solar plants. • This paper reviews the photovoltaic system and the influence of environmental factors on its components. • Effect of environmental conditions on photovoltaic efficiency are discussed. • Types of photovoltaic module failures are summarized. • Various failure detection methods and mitigation techniques are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a review of negative carbon capture technologies. Based on these technologies, here it is proposed an innovative negative emissions power plant combining the generation and storage of energy from biomass, photovoltaic, and concentrated solar power, capturing and recovering CO 2 by producing H 2 or CH 4 as green energy carriers. The main features of the system are i) large-scale energy production system with negative CO 2 emissions; ii) 100% renewable system based on biomass and solar energy with the possibility of integrating other renewables; iii) synergistic integration of processes and systems; iv) recovery of O 2 generated by photovoltaic-driven electrolysis within the process of partial biomass oxycombustion and v) solar-driven limestone calcination. A detailed model of the entire plant is developed to evaluate the integration of the process. The model performance is assessed on an hourly basis throughout the whole year. The base case results show an energy consumption from 1 to 2.1 MJ/kg CO 2 to capture 60–77% of CO 2 emitted from the biomass plant and green methane production of more than 7500 tons/year. The negative emissions associated with the process are -612 kg CO 2 /MWh. It justifies the interest in the proposed negative emissions power plant. [Display omitted] • A synergetic integration of CO2 capture, energy storage and methane production is proposed. • A biomass power plant is considered, resulting in -612 kg CO2/MWh negative emissions. • Solar PV and CSP are integrated into the process to reduce the SPECCA to 1–2.1 kg CO2/MWh. • A large amount of solids storage is required to achieve 70–90% CO2 capture capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is considered the most promising form of renewable energy due to its abundant reserves, widespread availability, and minimal environmental impact. However, the traditional PV (Photovoltaic) systems cannot achieve high electrical efficiency because of the technical restrictions of solar cells and high maintenance costs also hinder the large-scale popularization of PV system. The appearance of CPV (Concentrated Photovoltaic) systems solve the above problems, increasing the electrical efficiency to a great extent, but appropriate cooling technologies are of great need to decrease the cell surface temperature under high heat flux density caused by concentrators. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the different photovoltaic systems and corresponding cooling technologies, detailed investigating the distinctions, applicability, development trend and future technologies of both passive and active cooling methods. The analysis will shed light on the advancements made in increasing efficiency of crucial solar systems, as well as the importance of effective cooling techniques to maintain optimal performance in crucial solar systems. • The development of crucial solar systems and the corresponding cooling technologies are reviewed and discussed. • The focus is on the comparison and analysis of cooling technologies for CPV/T systems. • Spray cooling is one of the optimal cooling techniques for HPCV/T systems. • The application of nanotechnology improves the uniformity of temperature field of solar cells and heat transfer performance. • The challenges and opportunities associated with CPV system cooling technology are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of carbon neutrality, renewable energy, especially wind power, solar PV and hydropower, will become the most important power sources in the future low-carbon power system. Since wind power and solar PV are specifically intermittent and space-heterogeneity, an assessment of renewable energy potential considering the variability of wind power and solar PV with high temporal resolution in different regions will facilitate more accurate identification of the decarbonization pathway of power system. In this paper, the complementary output potential of wind-solar-hydro power every 15 min in 31 Chinese provinces is evaluated by developing a multi-objective optimization model based on Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II. The results show that the total annual complementary power generation potential in China is 17.57 PWh, of which the three components account for 47.8%, 25.3% and 26.9%, respectively. Inner Mongolia and Tibet are the major renewable energy source provinces with annual complementary power generation potential of 5330 TWh and 3907 TWh, accounting for 30.3% and 13.7% of the total power generation potential, respectively. The temporal potential of wind-solar-hydro power varies greatly, with daily potential is more volatile than monthly. Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of the complemental renewable potential makes some provinces suffer power shortage during long-hours period especially in winter. Our findings will encourage a higher penetration of renewable energy, the promotion of multi-energy complementarity, and the development of inter-provincial power transmission and energy storage infrastructure in China's future power sector. • A multi-objective wind-solar-hydro complementary optimization model is developed. • Electricity supply and demand have gaps at different temporal and spatial scales. • Wind-solar-hydro complementary potential shows great temporal and spatial variation. • Renewable complementarity can improve China's future power system stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sun is the star in our solar system that beams solar energy towards the Earth, shining it during the day. The researcher discovered different ways to enhance the use of solar radiation to meet daily need because they are aware of how abundant it is. The thermal performance of double pass solar collector (DPSC) is higher compared to flat plate solar collector (FPSC) when comparing their thermal efficiencies. There have been several studies done on the experimental and theoretical analysis of DPSC, where different kind of tests have been carried out on different aspects. This paper aims to reviews recent development (5 years) on double pass solar collector (DPSC) where it highlights the improvement methods, functioning parameters, materials used, and design configurations. By reviewing experimental and theoretical analysis on the double-pass collector with various thermal transfer enhancement, it can help the researchers to keep updated on new development of the double-pass collector. Several methods to improve the convective heat transfer for the system were adding fins, phase change material (PCM), improved absorbers and porous media to the DPSC. Other important things that require improvement are increasing the outlet temperature, efficiency enhancement for DPSC and pressure drop reduction. The effect of using various mass flow rates, solar radiation, temperatures and working fluid on DPSC are also discussed. We wrap this review by identifying numerous applications that are possible for the solar air heating such as space heating and conditioning, water desalination process and drying agricultural food product. • Adding phase change material (PCM), can enhance thermal efficiency for double pass solar collector. • Fins can increase convective heat transfer. • Porous media can accelerate the performance of double pass solar collector. • Adding tubular on absorber can helps to increase the heat efficiency. • New novelty double pass solar collector has been found for the last 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy has seen tremendous development in recent years towards fulfilling the energy requirements of our planet. This paper presents an extensive review of solar-energy-based technologies and research work conducted under cold climatic conditions. These conditions include mountainous, continental, cold oceanic and polar climates and in general, all climates where below Zero temperatures are common during the winter. This article describes the use of solar energy under cold conditions from various aspects: greenhouses, buildings and housing, heat pumps, heat storage, PV panels, solar thermal and PV/T, high-latitude issues, cooling, and policies. Both environmental and economic aspects are considered in this paper, and the zones covered more or less intensively are Central and Northern Europe, North America, Turkey, Iran, China, Japan, the Andes and Antarctica. This analysis shows that, for most cold climatic conditions, it is worth implementing solar energy technologies for certain uses. However, many parameters need to be carefully considered before concluding on the relevance of a given technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy sources (including hydropower, wind, biomass, geothermal, tidal, wave and solar energy sources) can satisfy the present and future energy demands, with minor environmental impact respect to traditional sources of energy. Solar energy is the cheapest and widely available renewable energy and solar cooling systems are a green cold production technology that produce minor CO 2 emissions due to use of heat pumps. Infect, absorption refrigeration is a mature technology that has proved its applicability with the possibility to be driven by low grade solar energy. In this contest, thermal storage systems contribute to balance the disadvantages of the intermittent nature of solar energy and the variation in cooling demand, receiving more attention of researchers in the recent years. This paper presents an innovative and comprehensive literature review on solar systems integrated with environmental-friendly processes as absorption heat pumps and thermal energy storages. A study about processes regarding the renewable and sustainable energy according the European policy is carried out. Photovoltaic and photovoltaic/thermal solar systems can be used to this purpose and are the most promising technologies growing very fast in recent years. Researches show that one, half, two effect of absorption heat pumps integrated with solar systems and thermal energy storages can be an attractive alternative in cooling systems, meeting the demands for energy conservation and environmental protection. Showing various systems, a discussion about the improvement of cooling applications respecting the environment is also presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]