Search

La equinococosis se conoce desde tiempos de Hipócrates. Desde entonces se acuñaron o adaptaron términos y definiciones en diferentes idiomas para referirse a múltiples aspectos relacionados con esta zoonosis. Es importante propiciar un buen entendimiento en la lectura y escritura en la información científica, académica, para el conocimiento general y la difusión masiva. Durante el 27º Congreso Mundial de Equinococosis se estableció un grupo de trabajo con ese propósito. El resultado fue un consenso con recomendaciones aplicables a la ciencia y comunicación entre profesionales, publicado en el año 2020 en idioma inglés. Por recomendación de miembros del Grupo de Trabajo Informal de la OMS sobre equinococosis (WHO-IWGE) se convocó a un grupo de trabajo integrado por expertos en equinococosis de Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, España, Paraguay, Perú y Uruguay para elaborar una propuesta de terminología en español. Este consenso propone una nomenclatura unificada de aplicación progresiva, que sirve como base de consulta y referencia.

Echinococcosis has been known since the time of Hippocrates. Since then, terms and definitions have been coined or adapted in different languages to refer to multiple aspects related to this zoonosis. It is important to promote a good understanding in reading and writing at the level of scientific, academic information, for general knowledge and mass dissemination. During the 27th World Echinococcosis Congress, a working group was established for this purpose. The result was a consensus with recommendations applicable to science and communication between professionals, published in 2020 in English. On the recommendation of some members of the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE), a working group composed of experts on echinococcosis from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Spain, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay was convened to prepare a proposal of terminology in Spanish. The result of this consensus is to propose a unified nomenclature of progressive application, which serves as a basis for consultation and reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La equinococosis quística es una infección zoonótica producida por la larva de Echinococcus granulosus que es capaz de invadir diversos órganos desde su ubicación en el intestino humano. En los casos de coinfección con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), existe una diversidad de complicaciones condicionadas por la enfermedad inmunosupresora con pronóstico reservado. El objetivo de este reporte es describir un caso de equinococosis multiquística peritoneal en una paciente en tratamiento antiviral para VIH durante casi diez años, que recibió la combinación de albendazol más cirugía, con evolución favorable. Este reporte sería el primero en el Perú en una persona con inmunosupresión por VIH y equinococosis quística.

Objetivo: Determinar la seropositividad y características asociadas a las zoonosis parasitarias por Echinococcus granulosus, Fasciola hepatica, cisticerco de Taenia solium en la sierra peruana entre los años 2016 y 2019. Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron los reportes de 7811 evaluados en el periodo 2016-2019 en las actividades de vigilancia epidemiológica para zoonosis realizadas por el Instituto Nacional de Salud en 13 regiones de la sierra peruana. Cada reporte comprendía de una ficha epidemiológica con información sociodemográfica, características de las costumbres y actividades, del estilo de vida, y epidemiológicas. El diagnóstico se obtuvo por presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti E. granulosus, F. hepatica y cisticerco de T. solium utilizando antígenos nativos mediante ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA) y Western Blotting. Las características asociadas a la presencia de estas zoonosis se realizaron mediante prueba Chi Cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Se determinó una seropositividad de 7.9% para fasciolosis, 4.9% para equinococosis, y 2.3% para cisticercosis de T. solium; estas frecuencias fueron mayores en Cerro de Pasco para Equinococosis (24.5%), Ayacucho para cisticersosis (4.5%) y Puno para Fasciolosis (40.6%). Entre las características sociodemográficas se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa para todas las zoonosis según grupo etario, ocupación, y región de residencia, en cuanto al estilo de vida con el consumo de verduras en emolientes, y entre las características epidemiológicas con la disminución de peso. Conclusiones: La frecuencia encontrada de estas zoonosis y su distribución son indicadores de que estas enfermedades son un problema de salud importante, con características compartidas asociadas.

La hidatidosis es considerada en la actualidad como un problema de salud pública en el Perú. Es una infección parasitaria trasmitida por la ingesta de huevos de Echinococcus granulosus y los órganos más comprometidos son el hígado y los pulmones, siendo rara la afectación del bazo. Presentamos el caso de una gestante joven con dolor abdominal y sensación de masa en hipocondrio izquierdo. El estudio ecográfico reveló imagen quística multitabicada en hemiabdomen izquierdo, con feto viable. Se le realizó cesárea, seguido de laparotomía exploratoria y se halló una tumoración gigante de bazo que, según el estudio anatomopatológico corresponde a una hidatidosis esplénica multiquística. Asimismo, como complicación fetal ocurrió restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente sin recurrencia de focos hidatídicos, mientras que el neonato mostró un patrón de crecimiento adecuado.

Objective: To identify risk factors to pre-surgical complications in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) in endemic areas of Peru. Materials and methods: Study of cases (n=43) and controls (n=127) not paired was designed, with a case- control ratio of 1:3 based on a secondary source. A case was defined as a patient with CE who presented pre-surgical complications related or not with the disease and the control without pre-surgical complication. The response variable was preoperative complication and the exposure variables were age, gender, degree of instruction, occupation, number, size (diameter in centimeters) and location of the cyst. To identify the risk factors, a bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the crude odds ratios (cOR) and then the variables with significant association were adjusted by a multivariate logistic regression analysis using the Stata® version 14 software, obtaining the adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results: Fifty eight point eight percent (24/43) of the cases were women and the median age was 35 years and 59.1% (75/127) of the controls correspond to the female gender and the median age was 27 years. The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that being over 56 years old has an aOR 2.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.007-8.433) and having ≥3 cysts has an aOR 4.26 (95% CI: 1.62-11.22) for present pre-surgical complications in patients with CE. Conclusion: It was identified that being over 56 years old and having ≥3 cysts are risk factors for presenting pre-surgical complications in CE.

Objective: To identify risk factors to pre-surgical complications in patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) in endemic areas of Peru. Materials and methods: Study of cases (n=43) and controls (n=127) not paired was designed, with a case-control ratio of 1:3 based on a secondary source. The case was defined as the patient with CE who presented with pre-surgical complications related or not with the disease and the control without pre-surgical complication. The response variable was preoperative complication and the exposition ones were age, gender, degree of instruction, occupation, number, size (diameter in centimeters) and location of the cyst. To identify the risk factors, a bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the crude odds ratios (cOR) and then the variables with significant association were adjusted by a multivariate logistic regression analysis using the Stata® version 14 software, obtaining the adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results: Fifty eight point eight percent (24/43) of the cases were women and the median age was 35 years and 59.1% (75/127) of the controls correspond to the female gender and the median age was 27 years. The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that being over 56 years old has an aOR 2.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.007-8.433) and having ≥3 cysts has an aOR 4.26 (95% CI: 1.62-11.22) for present pre-surgical complications in patients with CE. Conclusion: It was identified that being over 56 years old and having ≥3 cysts are risk factors for presenting pre-surgical complications in CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La hidatidosis es una zoonosis causada por el parásito Echinococcus granulosus. Perú es una zona endémica para esta infección, presentamos el caso de una mujer de 33 años, procedente de la región de Ica; que durante la gestación se le diagnosticó hidatidosis hepática y pulmonar y posterior al término de la gestación fue referida con tubo de drenaje torácico, disnea y dolor torácico en hemitórax derecho, de curso progresivo e imagen tomográfica de tórax que mostró quiste pulmonar basal posterior derecho. Los exámenes serológicos fueron positivos, la paciente fue sometida a resección quirúrgica con resultado histopatológico de quiste hidatídico pulmonar complicado no viable y estructura micótica consistente con aspergiloma. La coexistencia de estas dos entidades es rara y pueden ser amenazas potenciales para los pacientes. El diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos son vitales para prevenir posibles complicaciones como la hemoptisis masiva o incluso enfermedad invasiva.

La equinococosis es una infección parasitaria provocada por Echinococcus granulosus, que, en su estado quístico, forma al denominado quiste hidatídico. Presenta morbilidad importante, con posibles secuelas relacionadas con la ubicación, y altos costos debido al tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico prolongado. El hígado y el pulmón son las ubicaciones anatómicas más usuales, mucho más raras son el riñón, bazo, cerebro y corazón, este último representa el 0,5 % a 2 % del total de casos. El Perú es un país endémico de esta antropozoonosis y principalmente registra casos procedentes de la sierra central (95 %). Se presenta el caso de una niña de diez años, con diagnóstico de esta entidad, clasificación ecográfica CE 1, grupo clínico 1 (confirmado por anatomía patológica) con posterior tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico específico (albendazol). La paciente se recuperó satisfactoriamente de la cirugía practicada, y fue dada de alta a los 16 días, sin complicaciones.

Primary orbital cystic tumors caused by Echinococcus granulosus are rare. As this parasite is endemic in Peru, we report the case of a 10-year-old girl from a rural area of Huancavelica, who presented with progressive and irreducible axial proptosis of the right eye and loss of vision. Orbital tomographic images demonstrated a tumor mass with a cystic appearance. Serologic tests were negative. The patient underwent surgical resection, and histopathologic analysis revealed anhistic membranes, corresponding to hydatid cysts. During one year of follow-up, no evidence of local or systemic recurrence was observed. In conclusion, orbital hydatidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a cystic orbital tumor in pediatric patients, especially if the patient is from an endemic area.

Hydatidosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, affects the spinal column in 0.5-2% of all cases, with the sacral column being a rare location typically observed only in adults. The case is reported of a 14-year-old boy from Juliaca (Puno, Peru) who presented with chronic lower back pain and cauda equina syndrome. He was initially attended to in Juliaca, and then transferred to the Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (Lima, Peru) with a diagnosis of sacral tumor. In magnetic resonance imaging, a multicystic tumor was seen with L5 and S1 lysis and instability. The surgical treatment was an L5-S2 laminectomy and extraction of multiple hydatid cysts followed by lumbopelvic stabilization with transpedicular screws. Post-operatively, he was prescribed albendazol (15 mg/kg/d) for six months. Hydatid cysts should be considered within the differential diagnosis when there are cystic lesions in the spinal column, particularly in endemic areas such as Peru.

Objectives. To determine the diagnostic yield using western blotting to simultaneously detect antibodies in patients with human cysticercosis, hydatidosis, and human fascioliasis. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study of diagnostic yield assessment. Excretory/secretory antigens were obtained from Taenia solium larvae, Echinococcus granulosus cysts, and the adult flukes of Fasciola hepática, which were then separated using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique, transferred, and attached to a nitrocellulose membrane to be probed with sera from the patient infected with the three parasites. The sensitivity of the technique was assessed using 300 individual serum samples, 60 pools of two parasites, and 20 pools of three parasites with 75 sera from patients with other parasites, 10 from patients with other diseases, and 15 from patients without parasites. Results. The technique revealed 13 glycoproteins (GP): GP 35, 31, 24, 23, 18, 17, 14, and 13 kDa for cysticercosis; GP 8, 16, and 21 kDa for hydatidosis; and GP 17 and 23 kDa for fascioliasis. The test detected the presence of antibodies with a sensitivity of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 94.62-98.54%) in the detection of one or the thirteen bands, a specificity of 100% (95% CI = 99.50-100.00%); individually, there was a sensitivity for cysticercosis of 97% (95% CI = 93.16-100.00%), for hydatidosis of 94% (95% CI = 88.85-99.15%) and for fascioliasis of 96% (95% CI = 91.66-100.00%). Conclusions. Western blotting is effective in the simultaneous detection of antibodies in patients with human cysticercosis, hydatidosis, and fascioliasis, and it can be used as a diagnostic test to either rule out or confirm the presence of antibodies in endemic areas.

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus and Peru is an endemic zone for this infection. We present the case of a 33-year old woman from the region of Ica who, during gestation, was diagnosed with liver and pulmonary hydatidosis. After gestation was terminated, she was referred with thoracic drainage tube, dyspnea, and thoracic pain in right hemithorax, with progressive course and tomographic image of thorax showing right posterior basal pulmonary cyst. The serological analysis was positive, the patient underwent surgical resection with histopathologic result as complex non-viable pulmonary hydatidic cyst and mycotic structure consistent with aspergilloma. The coexistence of these two diseases is rare and can mean potential threats for patients. The early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent possible complications such as massive hemoptysis or even invasive disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which, in its cystic state, forms the socalled hydatid cyst. It presents important morbidity, with possible sequelae related to the location, and high costs due to surgical and prolonged pharmacological treatment. The liver and the lung are the most common anatomical locations, and much rarer are the kidney, spleen, brain, and heart, where the latter represents 0.5 to 2% of total cases. Peru is an endemic country of this anthropozoonosis and mainly records cases in the central highlands (95%). This paper presents the case of a 10-year-old girl, diagnosed with this disease, CE1 ultrasound classification, clinical group 1 (confirmed by pathological anatomy) with specific surgical and pharmacological treatment (albendazole) afterward. The patient recovered satisfactorily from the surgery and was discharged at 16 days, without complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary orbital cystic tumors caused by Echinococcus granulosus are rare. As this parasite is endemic in Peru, we report the case of a 10-year-old girl from a rural area of Huancavelica, who presented with progressive and irreducible axial proptosis of the right eye and loss of vision. Orbital tomographic images demonstrated a tumor mass with a cystic appearance. Serologic tests were negative. The patient underwent surgical resection, and histopathologic analysis revealed anhistic membranes, corresponding to hydatid cysts. During one year of follow-up, no evidence of local or systemic recurrence was observed. In conclusion, orbital hydatidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a cystic orbital tumor in pediatric patients, especially if the patient is from an endemic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to calculate the economic loss caused by the treatment of human hydatidosis. For this purpose, a cost analysis of the cases reported in the Junin region of Peru in 2013 was conducted. The total cost (direct and indirect) per patient assisted by the Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Salud-Minsa), the social security system (EsSalud), and private health care was 1,220, 3,051, and 4,090 US dollars (USD), respectively. The mean annual loss considering the number of health care services for uncomplicated cases of human hydatidosis was USD 24,542 in Minsa, USD 369,292 in EsSalud, and USD 130,566 in private health care. Overall, the rate of loss of human productivity was a small proportion. Our findings indicate that hydatidosis imposes a heavy economic burden in the Junin region of Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to determine the percentage of echinococcosis infection in swine, cystic fertility and associated factors. Cross-sectional study. The population was formed by 579 pigs slaughtered in the slaughterhouse of Huancarama. Hydatid cysts were detected by postmortem evaluation. Fertility was determined by measuring the diameter of the cysts and microscopically observing the germinative membrane in search of protoscoleces. The percentage of cystic echinococcosis infection was 76.7% (CI 95%: 73.2-80.3). Pigs older than two years were more likely to have cysts (RP 1.03; CI 95%: 1.0-1.1; (P < 0.01), as well as those coming from the Andahuaylas district (RP 1.2; CI 95%: 1.1-1.4; P < 0.01). Lung cysts showed a lower percentage of infection than hepatic ones. We examined 346 hydatid cysts of 334 pigs, a total fertility of 42.8% was found (CI 95%: 37.4-48.1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydatidosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, affects the spinal column in 0.5-2% of all cases, with the sacral column being a rare location typically observed only in adults. The case is reported of a 14-year-old boy from Juliaca (Puno, Peru) who presented with chronic lower back pain and cauda equina syndrome. He was initially attended to in Juliaca, and then transferred to the Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (Lima, Peru) with a diagnosis of sacral tumor. In magnetic resonance imaging, a multicystic tumor was seen with L5 and S1 lysis and instability. The surgical treatment was an L5-S2 laminectomy and extraction of multiple hydatid cysts followed by lumbopelvic stabilization with transpedicular screws. Post-operatively, he was prescribed albendazol (15 mg/kg/d) for six months. Hydatid cysts should be considered within the differential diagnosis when there are cystic lesions in the spinal column, particularly in endemic areas such as Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. La hidatidosis, zoonosis producida por el estadio larvario de la taenia Echinococcus granulosus, es un problema de salud pública a nivel nacional, en especial en aquellas regiones dedicadas a la crianza de ganado. A la fecha, se han descrito factores, a nivel individual, asociados con la infección por E. granulosus; sin embargo, no se encontró reporte previo que explore la asociación entre características de la vivienda y la presencia de esta enfermedad en alguno de sus miembros. Objetivos. Explorar la asociación entre las características de la vivienda y la presencia de hidatidosis entre las personas que la habitan. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en viviendas de tres comunidades rurales de Junín. Se evaluó el grado de asociación entre las características de la vivienda y la presencia de hidatidosis en el hogar mediante un análisis de regresión logística múltiple (RLM). Resultados. De un total de 417 viviendas evaluadas, 56 (13%) de ellas tenían al menos un caso positivo entre sus miembros; luego del análisis de RLM se observó que aquellas viviendas con más de tres miembros, localizadas en la comunidad con quintil de pobreza más bajo, que refirieron crianza de animales, y con una cobertura de evaluación mayor al 25% presentaron una mayor probabilidad de tener al menos un caso de positivo entre sus miembros. Conclusión. Las características observadas deben ser tomadas en cuenta para la determinación preliminar de subgrupos de alto riesgo, optimizando así el uso de los recursos y mejorando la eficacia de los programas de despistaje.Introduction. Hydatid disease, a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, is a public health problem at national level, especially in those regions dedicated to raising livestock. By now, there are many factors, at individual level, that have been associated to the infection by E. granulosus; nevertheless there is not any previous report that explore the association between household characteristics and the presence of the disease among household members. Objective. To explore the association between household characteristics and the presence of hydatid disease among household members. Material and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study in the households of 3 rural communities located in Junín, we evaluated the association between household characteristics and the presence of hydatid disease by multiple logistic regression (MLR). Results. From 417 evaluated households, 56 (13%) of them had at least one positive case among its members. Multivariate analysis showed that households with three or more members, located in the community with the lowest quintile of poverty, that reported raising livestock, and with evaluation coverage greater than 25% were more likely to have at least one positive case among its members. Conclusion. The observed characteristics be taken into account in the preliminary definition of high-risk subgroups, optimizing the use of resources and improving the effectiveness of screening programs.

El Proyecto Subregional Cono Sur de Control y Vigilancia de la Hidatidosis: Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay, es una herramienta conjunta y colaborativa de los países para promover la implantación o el fortalecimiento de los programas de control. Se hace una descripción de los antecedentes, de los aspectos institucionales que regulan su organicidad y funcionamiento y de las líneas de acción definidas en el proyecto técnico operativo. Se destaca los logros obtenidos a través de los Proyectos de Cooperación Técnica entre Países así como el desarrollo de enfoques integrales e innovadores y la formación de recursos humanos de los programas de control. Algunos de los desafíos futuros son: lograr la sustentabilidad del Proyecto, implementar los grupos técnicos de análisis y evaluación a solicitud de los países, mejorar los sistemas de información regionales, continuar las actividades de capacitación y entrenamiento de recursos humanos y la expansión y fortalecimiento de la cooperación técnica entre países.Southern Cone Sub-Regional Project on Cystic Echinococcosis Control and Surveillance: Argentina, Brasil, Chile and Uruguay, is a joint and collaborative tool with the aim of promoting the implementation or the strengthening of programs for disease control. The paper describes the background, the institutional aspects that regulates the structure and functions, as well as the guidelines defined in the technical and operational project. The article emphasize the achievements through Projects of Technical Cooperation among Countries, and the development of integrated and innovative approaches for prevention and control of the disease and training of human resources of the control programs. Some of the challenges are: to achieve the sustainability of the project, implementation of technical groups for analysis and assessment at request of the countries, improvement of the regional information systems, to continue training human resources of the control programs and to expand and strengthen the technical cooperation among countries

Para estimar el valor diagnóstico del antígeno hidatídico de caprino y de ovino en la prueba de inmunoblot para echinococosis quística, se usó 135 sueros, de los cuales 70 procedían de pacientes con hidatidosis confirmada por el hallazgo de protoescólices y membrana en el estudio anatomopatológico con la pieza quirúrgica; 45 a pacientes con otras enfermedades parasitarias y 20 a personas aparentemente sanas. La sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo y negativo de la prueba de inmunoblot, con antígeno hidatídico de caprino fue de 92,8%, 100%, 100% y 92,8%, respectivamente; mientras que de ovino fueron 91,4%, 95,3%, 95,5% y 91,1 %, respectivamente. El índice kappa fue de 0,93 para el antígeno caprino y de 0,86 con el ovino en relación con el estudio anatomopatológico. Se recomienda el uso de ambos antígenos para el diagnóstico serológico de la equinococosis quística humana.To estimate the diagnosis value of goat and ovine antigen for echinococcosis immunoblot test, 135 serums were used, of which 70 were coming from patients with hydatid disease confirmed by the finding of proto scolex and membrane in the pathology study of surgical piece, 45 from patients with other parasitic diseases and 20 apparently healthy people. The sensitivity, the specificity, positive and negative predictive value of immunoblot test, with hidatyd antigen of goat was of 92.8%, 100%, 100%, 92.8%, respectively, than for ovine antigen was 91.4%, 95.3%, 95.5%, 91.1%, respectively. Kappa index was 0.93 for goat antigen and 0.86 with sheep in relation to the pathological study. We recommended the use of both antigens for the serologic diagnosis of human echinococcosis.

Con el objetivo de determinar la seroprevalencia de hidatidosis humana en la población adulta de 18 a 65 años de edad residentes en el distrito de Sancos (Ayacucho) en la sierra central del Perú, se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal durante los meses de mayo a diciembre del año 2005. El diagnóstico de hidatidosis se realizó primero con un tamizaje con ELISA y las que fueron positivas se les realizó inmunoblot. De 355 personas estudiadas, 13 presentaron serología positiva para hidatidosis, lo que representa una prevalencia de 3,7% (IC95% 1,6-5,8%), de estos, sólo dos mostraron sintomatología. El grupo de edad con mayor frecuencia de casos fue el de 30 a 50 años de edad. Los ganaderos pastores y ganaderos comerciantes fueron los grupos ocupacionales más afectados. No se encontró factores asociados con la presencia de hidatidosis.

Se evaluó una prueba de aglutinación de látex estandarizada para el diagnóstico serológico de la echinococosis quística. Se utilizó partículas de látex de 0,25 um de diámetro, las cuales fueron sensibilizadas con antígeno total de líquido liofilizado de quiste hidatídico de ovino. Se usaron 80 sueros, 40 de pacientes operados por enfermedad hidatídica confirmada patología, 20 de pacientes con otras enfermedades parasitarias como cisticercosis, fasciolosis, toxoplasmosis, teniosis, enfermedad de chagas y malaria y 20 de personas sanas. Se encontró que de los 40 sueros de pacientes con hidatidosis uno dio resultado negativo y de los 40 sueros de pacientes o personas sin hidatidosis cuatro dieron resultados positivo obteniéndose una sensibilidad de 97,5%, una especificidad de 90,0%, un valor predictivo positivo de 90,7% y negativo de 97,3%, siendo la concordancia encontrada al evaluar la repetibilidad y reproducibilidad del 100% en laboratorios de zonas endémicas. Se recomienda el uso de esta prueba para el descarte de hidatidosis en regiones endémicas del país, así como prueba de tamizaje en estudios epidemiológicos.

Se presenta el caso de una mujer saludable de 28 años con un tumor en la pierna dependiente de tejidos blandos, no tiene antecedentes epidemiológicos de viajes fuera de Lima Metropolitana, sin compromiso pulmonar, hepático o sistémico y con serología negativa para Equinococcus granulossus antes, durante y después de la extirpación de la lesión. En una primera oportunidad se realiza la extracción del tumor y no se sospecha de hidatidosis por lo que no se le dio el manejo adecuado, 16 semanas después regresa por recidiva, donde con un diagnóstico específico se realiza la intervención quirúrgica y el tratamiento con albendazol, seis meses de seguimiento después, la paciente no presentó recidiva.

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de hidatidosis humana en la población escolar de 6 a 15 años de edad en la provincia altoandina de Huancasancos, Ayacucho. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal, realizado en mayo de 2004, mediante pruebas serológicas de doble difusión (DD5), ELISA e inmunoblot. Resultados. Se evaluó 473 escolares, 50,3% eran mujeres, 76,1% no conocía la enfermedad, 74,8% cría ganado y 79,1% tiene perros. Se encontró dos casos positivos a DD5 y 17 por ELISA, se confirmó seis por inmunoblot, dando una prevalencia de hidatidosis de 1,27 (IC95%: 0,15-2,38), los casos procedieron de los distritos de Sacsamarca (3/129), Carapo (1/66), Sancos (2/186) y Lucanamarca (0/92). Cinco de los seis casos criaban ganado y tenían perros, cuatro eran varones y tenían entre 9 a 15 años. Conclusión. Se demuestra la presencia de hidatidosis en zonas rurales ganaderas de Ayacucho, es necesaria la implementación de programas de intervención para el control de la hidatidosis.

Para determinar la frecuencia de hidatidosis en escolares de la provincia de Chupaca, departamento de Junín, en setiembre del 2000, se tomó 160 muestras de sangre de escolares aparentemente sanos, de 12 a 19 años, de los cuales 89 (55,6%) fueron varones. Los sueros fueron evaluados por la prueba de doble difusión arco 5 (DD5). Se detectó 11 (6,8%) casos seropositivos de hidatidosis, cinco fueron mujeres. La hidatidosis aún constituye un problema de salud importante en la provincia de Chupaca, donde la crianza de ovinos está muy difundida.

Objectives. To determine the diagnostic yield using western blotting to simultaneously detect antibodies in patients with human cysticercosis, hydatidosis, and human fascioliasis. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study of diagnostic yield assessment. Excretory/secretory antigens were obtained from Taenia solium larvae, Echinococcus granulosus cysts, and the adult flukes of Fasciola hepática, which were then separated using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique, transferred, and attached to a nitrocellulose membrane to be probed with sera from the patient infected with the three parasites. The sensitivity of the technique was assessed using 300 individual serum samples, 60 pools of two parasites, and 20 pools of three parasites with 75 sera from patients with other parasites, 10 from patients with other diseases, and 15 from patients without parasites. Results. The technique revealed 13 glycoproteins (GP): GP 35, 31, 24, 23, 18, 17, 14, and 13 kDa for cysticercosis; GP 8, 16, and 21 kDa for hydatidosis; and GP 17 and 23 kDa for fascioliasis. The test detected the presence of antibodies with a sensitivity of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 94.62-98.54%) in the detection of one or the thirteen bands, a specificity of 100% (95% CI = 99.50-100.00%); individually, there was a sensitivity for cysticercosis of 97% (95% CI = 93.16-100.00%), for hydatidosis of 94% (95% CI = 88.85-99.15%) and for fascioliasis of 96% (95% CI = 91.66-100.00%). Conclusions. Western blotting is effective in the simultaneous detection of antibodies in patients with human cysticercosis, hydatidosis, and fascioliasis, and it can be used as a diagnostic test to either rule out or confirm the presence of antibodies in endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southern Cone Sub-Regional Project on Cystic Echinococcosis Control and Surveillance: Argentina, Brasil, Chile and Uruguay, is a joint and collaborative tool with the aim of promoting the implementation or the strengthening of programs for disease control. The paper describes the background, the institutional aspects that regulates the structure and functions, as well as the guidelines deined in the technical and operational project. The article emphasize the achievements through Projects of Technical Cooperation among Countries, and the development of integrated and innovative approaches for prevention and control of the disease and training of human resources of the control programs. Some of the challenges are: to achieve the sustainability of the project, implementation of technical groups for analysis and assessment at request of the countries, improvement of the regional information systems, to continue training human resources of the control programs and to expand and strengthen the technical cooperation among countries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Hydatid disease, a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, is a public health problem at national level, especially in those regions dedicated to raising livestock. By now, there are many factors, at individual level, that have been associated to the infection by E. granulosus; nevertheless there is not any previous report that explore the association between household characteristics and the presence of the disease among household members. Objective. To explore the association between household characteristics and the presence of hydatid disease among household members. Material and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study in the households of 3 rural communities located in Junín, we evaluated the association between household characteristics and the presence of hydatid disease by multiple logistic regression (MLR). Results. from 417 evaluated households, 56 (13%) of them had at least one positive case among its members. Multivariate analysis showed that households with three or more members, located in the community with the lowest quintile of poverty, that reported raising livestock, and with evaluation coverage greater than 25% were more likely to have at least one positive case among its members. Conclusion. The observed characteristics be taken into account in the preliminary deinition of high-risk subgroups, optimizing the use of resources and improving the effectiveness of screening programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To estimate the diagnosis value of goat and ovine antigen for echinococcosis immunoblot test, 135 serums were used, of which 70 were coming from patients with hydatid disease confirmed by the finding of proto scolex and membrane in the pathology study of surgical piece, 45 from patients with other parasitic diseases and 20 apparently healthy people. The sensitivity, the specificity, positive and negative predictive value of immunoblot test, with hidatyd antigen of goat was of 92.8%, 100%, 100%, 92.8%, respectively, than for ovine antigen was 91.4%, 95.3%, 95.5%, 91.1%, respectively. Kappa index was 0.93 for goat antigen and 0.86 with sheep in relation to the pathological study. We recommended the use of both antigens for the serologic diagnosis of human echinococcosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was characterized and optimized sheep hydatid fluid antigen and applied in latex fixation tests as screening test for serological diagnosis of patients with Echinococcus granulosus cysts. We evaluated 40 sera, 15 sera positive by immunoblot from patients with E. granulosus infection, 10 sera from patients with other parasitic diseases and 15 sera from healthy subject. Three of the 15 hydatidosis sera were negative and 0 / 25 sera with hydatidosis were reactive. The sensitivity was 80% (95%CI: 56.4 to 100%), specificity was 100% (96.7 to 100%), positive predictive value of 100% (95.8 to 100%), negative predictive value of 83.3 (30.4 to 69.6%), and repeatability and reproducibility of 100%. We recommended the use of this test for the diagnosis of hydatid disease, because it is simple, fast and reproducible, as a kit in the laboratory or in epidemiological field studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated a latex agglutination test standardized for serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. We used latex particles of 0.25 um in diameter, which were sensitized with antigen lyophilized total of hydatid cyst fluid of sheep. We used 80 serum samples, 40 patients operated on pathology confirmed hydatid disease, 20 patients with other parasitic diseases such as cysticercosis, fascioliasis, toxoplasmosis, taeniosis, Chagas disease and malaria, and 20 healthy people. It was found that of 40 serum samples from patients with hydatidosis was negative and one of the 40 serum samples from hydatidosis patients or people with no positive results four gave a sensitivity of 97.5%, specificity of 90.0%, predictive value 90.7% positive and negative 97.3%, with the agreement found to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of 100% in laboratories in endemic areas. We recommend the use of this test for the diagnosis of hydatid disease in endemic regions of Peru, also as a screening test in epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the seroprevalence of human hydatidosis in the adult population aged 18 to 65 years residing in the district of Sancos (Ayacucho) in the central highlands of Peru, We developed a descriptive cross-sectional study during the months from May to December 2005. The diagnosis of hydatid disease was first carried out a screening using ELISA and samples were positive, an immunoblot was performed. Of all 355 people surveyed, 13 had positive serology for hydatid disease, representing a prevalence of 3.7% (95%CI: 1.6-5.8%), however only two showed symptoms. The age group with the highest frequency of cases was from 30 to 50 years of age. The livestock herders and livestock traders were the occupational groups most affected. Not found factors associated with the presence of hydatid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of human hydatidosis in the school population from 6 to 15 years of age in the highland province of Huancasancos, Ayacucho. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study, conducted in May 2004 by serology test as double diffusion (DD5), ELISA and immunoblot. Results. 473 schools were assessed, 50.3% were women, 76.1% did not know the disease, 74.8% livestock breeding, 79.1% have dogs. Two cases were found positive by DD5 and 17 by ELISA, six were confirmed by immunoblot, giving a prevalence of hydatid disease was 1.27 (CI95%: 0.15-2.38), the cases were from the districts of Sacsamarca (3/129), Carapa (1/66), Sanco (2/186) and Lucanamarca (0/92). Five of the six cases had raised cattle and dogs, four were male and were between 9 to 15 years. Conclusions. It shows the presence of hydatidosis in rural livestock areas in Ayacucho, is needed to implement programs for the control of hydatidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the frequency of hydatidosis in school children in Chupaca province, Junin department (central Andes from Peru), in September 2000. One hundred and sixty blood samples were taken from health school students with ages between 12 to 19 years old, 89 (55.6%) were male. Sera were tested by the arc 5 double-diffusion (DD5) test. It was detected 11 (6.8%) seropositives cases of hydatidosis, 5 were female. Hydatidosis infection remains a major health problem in Chupaca province, where sheep raising is widely practiced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It presents a case of a healthy woman of 28 years with a tumor in his leg attached to soft tissue, she doesn't have epidemiological history of travel outside Lima, without pulmonary, hepatic or systemic disease and with negative serology for Equinococcus granulosus before, during and after the surgical excision. In a first opportunity, they removed tumor and they didn't suspect of hydatidosis so they didn't give a proper treatment, so 16 weeks after, she came back with a relapse, where with a specific diagnosis was performed the surgery and treatment with albendazole, followed up after six months, the patient didn't have recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: reportar los casos positivos a equinococosis quística (EQ) diagnosticados serológicamente por Inmunoblot IgG, se analizaron datos registrados en el sistema NetLab del del Instituto Nacional de Salud, ingresados durante el período 2007 a 2015. Métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo basado en resultados de diagnóstico serológico de la equinococosis quística por Inmunoblot IgG. La población constituida por 10,764 muestras de suero de pacientes con sospecha clínica a EQ; procedentes de establecimientos de salud del país ingresados al INS en el periodo enero 2007 a diciembre 2015. Para consignar los datos de lugar de procedencia edad y sexo de pacientes, se revisaron las fichas epidemiológicas de cada paciente. Para el análisis estadístico de factores de riesgo se utilizó el paquete Epidat versión 4.1, se aplicó odds ratio (OR) para evaluar el grado de riesgo de la enfermedad. Las tablas fueron construidas con MS-Excel® y el mapa de distribución de casos seropositivos con el programa QGIS®2.18. Resultados: 1799 (16,7%) muestras fueron seropositivas a equinococosis quística por Inmunoblot IgG concentradas en 9 departamentos del país: Lima 853 (47,4%), Junín 190 (10,6%), Ayacucho 188 (10,5%), Huancavelica 115 (6,4%), Pasco 89 (4,9%), Cusco 82 (4,6%), Puno 56 (3,1%), Apurímac 50 (2,8%) e Ica 30 (1,7%). Valores con mayor riesgo de contraer la enfermedad (OR) presentan los pacientes procedentes de Pasco (OR 2,77 IC 95% 2,13 - 3,61), Puno (OR 2,56 IC 95% 1,85 - 3,54), Junín (OR 2,49 IC 95% 2,07 - 2,98) y Ayacucho (OR 2,06 IC 95% 1,72 - 2,46). El grupo etáreo con mayor porcentaje de seropositividad está entre los 50 a 59 (16,3%) y la edad más afectada entre los 20 a 29 (14,7%) años. En cuanto a género el grupo femenino representa 55,9%, sin embargo, el grupo masculino presenta mayor riesgo de enfermar (OR=1,5; IC: 95% 1,4- 1,7). Conclusiones: En Perú existen regiones altamente endémicas a EQ, por tanto, urge la necesidad de implementar el Programa Nacional de Prevención, Control y Vigilancia Epidemiológica de equinococosis quística. Sugerimos enfocar la vigilancia activa en personas entre 1 a 21 años de edad para determinar los focos activos de la enfermedad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]