1. Ketogenic diet reduces alcohol withdrawal symptoms in humans and alcohol intake in rodents
- Author
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Shanna Yang, Kimberly Herman, Sophie K. Elvig, Peter Manza, Helene Benveniste, Nora D. Volkow, Danielle S. Kroll, Jan Willem van der Veen, Nancy Diazgranados, Janaina C. M. Vendruscolo, Melanie L. Schwandt, Anders Fink-Jensen, Dana E. Feldman, Mackenzie C. Cervenka, Dardo Tomasi, Katherine L. McPherson, Ehsan Shokri-Kojori, Leandro F. Vendruscolo, George F. Koob, Catherine L. Biesecker, Gene-Jack Wang, Corinde E. Wiers, Rui Zhang, and Sara A. Turner
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Alcohol ,Alcohol use disorder ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Detoxification ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Alcohol dependence ,Glutamate receptor ,Neurotoxicity ,SciAdv r-articles ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Ketogenic diet ,Research Article ,Neuroscience - Abstract
A ketogenic diet lowered benzodiazepine use during withdrawal in patients with AUD and blunted alcohol administration in rats., Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) show elevated brain metabolism of acetate at the expense of glucose. We hypothesized that a shift in energy substrates during withdrawal may contribute to withdrawal severity and neurotoxicity in AUD and that a ketogenic diet (KD) may mitigate these effects. We found that inpatients with AUD randomized to receive KD (n = 19) required fewer benzodiazepines during the first week of detoxification, in comparison to those receiving a standard American (SA) diet (n = 14). Over a 3-week treatment, KD compared to SA showed lower “wanting” and increased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) reactivity to alcohol cues and altered dACC bioenergetics (i.e., elevated ketones and glutamate and lower neuroinflammatory markers). In a rat model of alcohol dependence, a history of KD reduced alcohol consumption. We provide clinical and preclinical evidence for beneficial effects of KD on managing alcohol withdrawal and on reducing alcohol drinking.
- Published
- 2021