27 results on '"Yan, Lin"'
Search Results
2. Enhanced treatment of low C/N ratio rural sewage by a modified multi-stage tidal flow constructed wetland at low temperature: Quantitative contributions of key functional genera
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Tan, Xu, Zhao, Li, Li, Xing, Liu, Yong-Wang, Lin, Tian-Shu, and Wang, Yan-Lin
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- 2023
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3. Seasonal variations of low molecular alkyl amines in PM2.5 in a North China Plain industrial city: Importance of secondary formation and combustion emissions
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Yang, Xiao-Ying, Cao, Fang, Fan, Mei-Yi, Lin, Yu-Chi, Xie, Feng, and Zhang, Yan-Lin
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- 2023
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4. Impacts of chemical degradation of levoglucosan on quantifying biomass burning contribution to carbonaceous aerosols: A case study in Northeast China
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Hong, Yihang, primary, Cao, Fang, additional, Fan, Mei-Yi, additional, Lin, Yu-Chi, additional, Gul, Chaman, additional, Yu, Mingyuan, additional, Wu, Xia, additional, Zhai, Xiaoyao, additional, and Zhang, Yan-Lin, additional
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- 2022
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5. Cupric ions inducing dynamic hormesis in duckweed systems for swine wastewater treatment: Quantification, modelling and mechanisms
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Chengxi Li, Yan Lin, Xiang Li, Jay J. Cheng, and Chunping Yang
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Environmental Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Published
- 2023
6. Policy impact on microplastic reduction in China: Observation and prediction using statistical model in an intensive mariculture bay
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Kazi Belayet Hossain, Yan Lin, Kai Chen, Mingyu Zhang, Mengyang Liu, Wenlu Zhao, Hongwei Ke, Fengjiao Liu, Chunhui Wang, and Minggang Cai
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Environmental Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
Plastic pollution in the environment has spurred debate among scientists, policymakers, and the general public over how industrialization and consumerism are wreaking havoc on our ecosystem, but some policies might assist to ameliorate the problem in the near future. In this study, the decision tree classifier and Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model was used to anticipate the possible sources of microplastics and their near future state in 26 surface sediment and a sediment core, respectively in Sansha Bay, which has been criticized for its intensive mariculture applications. An inventory of microplastics in the sediment core was estimated, and it was discovered that during the previous six decades, an average of 181.95 tons of microplastics were deposited, with an average deposition (by a layer of sediment) of 179.44 tons/cm. According to the DT classifier, mariculture was the primary source of microplastics, whereas urban and industrial areas were the primary sources of POPs. The Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model revealed a microplastic downward slope, indicating that regional and national strategies implemented might successfully reduce microplastic pollution regionally.
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- 2023
7. Soil heterotrophic respiration in response to rising temperature and moisture along an altitudinal gradient in a subtropical forest ecosystem, Southwest China
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Zeeshan, Mohd, primary, Wenjun, Zhou, additional, Chuansheng, Wu, additional, Yan, Lin, additional, Azeez, P.A., additional, Qinghai, Song, additional, Yuntong, Liu, additional, Yiping, Zhang, additional, Zhiyun, Lu, additional, and Liqing, Sha, additional
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- 2022
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8. Seasonal variations of low molecular alkyl amines in PM2.5 in a North China Plain industrial city: Importance of secondary formation and combustion emissions
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Xiao-Ying Yang, Fang Cao, Mei-Yi Fan, Yu-Chi Lin, Feng Xie, and Yan-Lin Zhang
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Environmental Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Published
- 2023
9. Improvement of inorganic aerosol component in PM2.5 by constraining aqueous-phase formation of sulfate in cloud with satellite retrievals: WRF-Chem simulations
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Sha, Tong, primary, Ma, Xiaoyan, additional, Wang, Jun, additional, Tian, Rong, additional, Zhao, Jianqi, additional, Cao, Fang, additional, and Zhang, Yan-Lin, additional
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- 2022
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10. Weir building: A potential cost-effective method for reducing mercury leaching from abandoned mining tailings
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Xinbin Feng, Zhidong Xu, Guangle Qiu, Yan Lin, Chunhao Gu, Heng Wang, Thorjørn Larssen, Lihai Shang, Qinhui Lu, Dean Xiao, and Xiaohang Xu
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Pollution ,Wet season ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Tailings ,Mercury (element) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Weir ,Dry season ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Leachate ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Methylmercury ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common - Abstract
To mitigate mercury (Hg) pollution and reduce Hg downstream transportation, a weir was designed by a river system that had been inflicted by leachate from the slagheap of the Yanwuping Hg mine in Wanshan Hg mining area. A whole year monitoring of Hg species was conducted, and the efficiency of Hg reduction by the weir application was evaluated. The Hg concentrations in the river water were significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season. Waterflow was confirmed to be the main driving factor for Hg mobilization and transportation, and an episode study revealed that most Hg was released in times of storms. Increased monitoring and preventive maintenance measures need to be taken on barriers in advance of storms. A large proportion of the total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) is associated to particles. During the study period, approximately 412 g THg and 4.04 g total MeHg (TMeHg) were released from the YMM slagheap, of which 167 g THg and 1.15 g TMeHg were retained by the weir. Annually, 40.4% THg and 38.4% TMeHg was retained by the weir. Weir construction is considered as a potential cost-effective measure to mitigate Hg in river water and should be promoted and extended in the future after optimization.
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- 2019
11. Temporal variation of oxidative potential of water soluble components of ambient PM2.5 measured by dithiothreitol (DTT) assay
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Xin Lin, Jingpeng Wang, Qi Lv, Yujie Wu, Weiping Liu, Liping Lu, Shulin Zhuang, Huanxin Zhang, and Yan-Lin Zhang
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Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,010501 environmental sciences ,Particulates ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Oxygen ,Dithiothreitol ,Aerosol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Toxicity ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Mass concentration (chemistry) ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Oxidative stress ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce oxidative stress, contributing to global burden of diseases. The evaluation of the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 is thus critical for the health risk assessment. We collected ambient PM2.5 samples in Hangzhou city, China for four consecutive quarters in the year 2017 and investigated the oxidation property of PM2.5 components by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The annual mean of ambient PM2.5 mass concentrations in 2017 was 63.05 μg m−3 (median: 57.34, range: 6.67–214.33 μg m−3) with the significant seasonal variations ranking as winter > spring > summer > autumn. Secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) species including SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ totally account for >50% of PM2.5 mass. The annual mean volume-normalized DTT activity (DTTv) showed a relatively high value of 0.62 nmol/min/m3 (median: 0.62, range: 0.11–1.66 nmol/min/m3) and DTTv of four seasons was roughly at the same level, indicating a high annual exposure level of ambient PM2.5. SIA species were correlated well with the corresponding DTTv and showed significant diurnal variations with strong or moderate correlations at day and weak correlations at night, suggesting strong secondary formation in daytime with contribution to the particulate OP. The annual mean mass-normalized DTT activity (DTTm) had a relatively low value of 6.39 pmol/min/μg (median: 5.63, range: 1.99–22.70 pmol/min/μg), indicating low intrinsic oxidative toxicity. The DTTm of four seasons ranked as autumn > winter > spring > summer, indicating seasonal variations of the DTT-active components. The PM2.5 mass concentration is more related to exposure levels than intrinsic properties of components, while OP is determined by the components rather than PM2.5 mass concentration. Our results provide an insight into reactive oxygen species-induced health risk of PM2.5 exposure and decision for subsequent emission control.
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- 2019
12. Impacts of water residence time on nitrogen budget of lakes and reservoirs
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Mengzhu Wang, Yiren Lu, Xue-Yan Liu, Yindong Tong, Wei Zhang, Xuejun Wang, Yan Lin, Xiaoyang Zhang, Jiaqi Li, and Miao Qi
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Hydrology ,Pollution ,Environmental Engineering ,Denitrification ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Phosphorus ,Aquatic ecosystem ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sediment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Nitrogen ,Water column ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Water pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common - Abstract
As an important factor related to the self-purification capacity (e.g. denitrification, burial rate, and downstream output) in aquatic systems, water residence time (WRT) has great impacts on the nitrogen (N) dynamics and its removal process in lakes and reservoirs. In this study, we have analysed the impacts of WRT on the change rates of total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in 50 waterbodies (including 33 lakes and 17 reservoirs) in China, with different change trends (e.g. increasing trends and decreasing trends) and TN concentrations during 2012–2016. Based on the annual ecosystem-scale N mass balance, TN input and output flux in the waterbodies are estimated. The results showed that the decreases of TN concentrations usually occur in the waterbodies with the relatively high TN concentrations in 2012, and WRT has significant impacts on the TN change rates in the waterbodies. Longer WRT could slow down the TN increasing rates in the waterbodies acting as N sinks, but could accelerate the removal from the waterbodies acting as N sources. Higher water phosphorus (P) concentrations could also be beneficial for the faster N removal from the waterbodies, which is mediated via the coupled processes regulating the N transfer from water column to anoxic sediments. China has recently issued the “lake-chief” systems, addressing the specific and flexible strategies for water pollution control in different lakes. The self-purification capacity through denitrification and burial rate, which are closely related to WRT, should be taken into consideration when making specific water management plans in the future.
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- 2019
13. Simulating water quality and ecological status of Lake Vansjø, Norway, under land-use and climate change by linking process-oriented models with a Bayesian network
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S. Jannicke Moe, Øyvind Kaste, Anne Lyche Solheim, Yan Lin, Sigrid Haande, and Raoul-Marie Couture
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Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate Change ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Cyanobacteria ,01 natural sciences ,Algal bloom ,Water Quality ,Phytoplankton ,Environmental Chemistry ,14. Life underwater ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Biomass (ecology) ,Norway ,Ecology ,Bayes Theorem ,Eutrophication ,Models, Theoretical ,15. Life on land ,Pollution ,6. Clean water ,Water resources ,Lakes ,Water Framework Directive ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Water quality - Abstract
Excess nutrient inputs and climate change are two of multiple stressors affecting many lakes worldwide. Lake Vansjø in southern Norway is one such eutrophic lake impacted by blooms of toxic blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), and classified as moderate ecological status under the EU Water Framework Directive. Future climate change may exacerbate the situation. Here we use a set of chained models (global climate model, hydrological model, catchment phosphorus (P) model, lake model, Bayesian Network) to assess the possible future ecological status of the lake, given the set of climate scenarios and storylines common to the EU project MARS (Managing Aquatic Ecosystems and Water Resources under Multiple Stress). The model simulations indicate that climate change alone will increase precipitation and runoff, and give higher P fluxes to the lake, but cause little increase in phytoplankton biomass or changes in ecological status. For the storylines of future management and land-use, however, the model results indicate that both the phytoplankton biomass and the lake ecological status can be positively or negatively affected. Our results also show the value in predicting a biological indicator of lake ecological status, in this case, cyanobacteria biomass with a BN model. For all scenarios, cyanobacteria contribute to worsening the status assessed by phytoplankton, compared to using chlorophyll-a alone.
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- 2018
14. Improved source apportionment of PAHs and Pb by integrating Pb stable isotopes and positive matrix factorization application (PAHs): A historical record case study from the northern South China Sea
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Meng Chen, Fangjian Xu, Minggang Cai, Sha-Yen Cheng, Ye Xu, Yan Lin, Huihong Du, Mian Chen, Jiajun Hong, Weifeng Yang, and Hongwei Ke
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Pollutant ,Environmental Engineering ,Radiogenic nuclide ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Stable isotope ratio ,business.industry ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Environmental engineering ,Biomass ,Coal combustion products ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Coal ,Gasoline ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
To obtain the historical changes of pyrogenic sources, integrated source apportionment methods, which include PAH compositions, diagnostic ratios (DRs), Pb isotopic ratios, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, were developed and applied in sediments of the northern South China Sea. These methods provided a gradually clear picture of energy structural change. Spatially, Σ15PAH (11.3 to 95.5 ng/g) and Pb (10.2 to 74.6 μg/g) generally exhibited decreasing concentration gradient offshore; while the highest levels of PAHs and Pb were observed near the southern Taiwan Strait, which may be induced by accumulation of different fluvial input. Historical records of pollutants followed closely with the economic development of China, with fast growth of Σ15PAH and Pb occurring since the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. The phasing-out of leaded gasoline in China was captured with a sharp decrease of Pb after the mid-1990s. PAHs and Pb correlated well with TOC and clay content for core sediments, which was not observed for surface sediments. There was an up-core increase of high molecular PAH proportions. Coal and biomass burning were then qualitatively identified as the major sources of PAHs with DRs. Furthermore, shift toward less radiogenic signatures of Pb isotopic ratios after 1900 revealed the start and growing importance of industrial sources. Finally, a greater separation and quantification of various input was achieved by a three-factor PMF model, which made it clear that biomass burning, coal combustion, and vehicle emissions accounted for 40 ± 20%, 41 ± 13%, and 19 ± 12% of PAHs through the core. Biomass and coal combustion acted as major sources before 2000, while contributions from vehicle emission soared thereafter. The integrated multi-methodologies here improved the source apportionment by reducing biases with a step-down and cross-validation perspective, which could be similarly applied to other aquatic systems.
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- 2017
15. Impacts of sanitation improvement on reduction of nitrogen discharges entering the environment from human excreta in China
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Xi Yang, Shen Zhao, Wei Zhang, Huijiao Liang, Cen Chen, Feng Zhou, Yan Lin, Xiaoge Bu, Xuejun Wang, Yiren Lu, Huiming Lin, Maodian Liu, Haoran Zhang, Yindong Tong, Guozhu Mao, and Tianyu Wu
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China ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Sanitation ,Nitrogen ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Urine ,010501 environmental sciences ,Tibet ,01 natural sciences ,Feces ,Nutrient ,Environmental protection ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Local population ,Water pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Pollution ,Environmental engineering ,Pollution ,chemistry ,Total nitrogen ,Environmental science ,Rural area - Abstract
Identifying the sanitation efficacy in reducing contaminations entering the environment is an important step for water pollution controls and developing management strategies to further improve sanitation conditions. With continuous efforts in sanitation improvement during the past decade, reductions in discharges of aquatic nutrients are expected in China. In this study, we estimated the aquatic nitrogen discharges from human excreta in 31 provinces in China during 2006-2014. The results indicated that the nitrogen discharges entering the environment from human excreta are largely determined by both local population and sanitation conditions. In 2014, the nitrogen discharges from human excreta in the rural areas (2118(1219-3140) Gg per year) (median and 95% confidence interval) are higher than those in the urban areas (1485(626-2495) Gg per year). The significant relationship (R2=0.38, n=29) between the total nitrogen concentrations in lakes and corresponding local nitrogen discharges indicated that, the lakes might be potentially affected by the contaminant inputs from human excreta. The further calculations under two policy scenarios showed that through sanitation improvement, further reduction of nitrogen discharges from human excreta in the developed regions might be limited. The sanitation improvement in the less-developed regions, such as Tibet, Qinghai, and Ningxia, should be considered a priority due to the larger reduction potentials.
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- 2017
16. Specific sources of health risks caused by size-resolved PM-bound metals in a typical coal-burning city of northern China during the winter haze event
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Lin, Yu-Chi, primary, Zhang, Yan-Lin, additional, Song, Wenhuai, additional, Yang, Xiaoying, additional, and Fan, Mei-Yi, additional
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- 2020
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17. Regional haze formation enhanced the atmospheric pollution levels in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: Implications for anthropogenic sources and secondary aerosol formation
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Haque, Md. Mozammel, primary, Fang, Cao, additional, Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen, additional, Abbaszade, Gülcin, additional, Liu, Xiaoyan, additional, Bao, Mengying, additional, Zhang, Wenqi, additional, and Zhang, Yan-Lin, additional
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- 2020
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18. Insight into the photochemistry of atmospheric oxalate through hourly measurements in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, China
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Zhang, Chunyan, primary, Yang, Chi, additional, Liu, Xiaoyan, additional, Cao, Fang, additional, and Zhang, Yan-lin, additional
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- 2020
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19. Inorganic markers, carbonaceous components and stable carbon isotope from biomass burning aerosols in Northeast China
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Yan-Lin Zhang, Fang Cao, Shi-Chun Zhang, and Kimitaka Kawamura
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China ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Potassium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,Inorganic ions ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Fires ,Sanjiang Plain ,Environmental Chemistry ,Biomass ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Aerosols ,Total organic carbon ,Air Pollutants ,Carbon Isotopes ,δ13C ,Ecology ,Pollution ,Carbon ,Aerosol ,chemistry ,Isotopes of carbon ,Environmental chemistry ,Particulate Matter ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
To better characterize the chemical compositions and sources of fine particulate matter (i.e. PM2.5) in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and inorganic ions as well as stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) were measured in this study. Intensively open biomass burning episodes are identified from late September to early October by satellite fire and aerosol optical depth maps. During the biomass-burning episode, concentrations of PM2.5, OC, EC, and WSOC are increased by a factor of 4-12 compared to those during the non-biomass-burning period. Non-sea-salt potassium is strongly correlated with PM2.5, OC, EC and WSOC, demonstrating an important contribution from biomass-burning emissions. The enrichment in both the non-sea-salt potassium and chlorine is significantly larger than other inorganic species, suggesting that biomass-burning aerosols in Sanjiang Plain are mostly fresh and less aged. In addition, the WSOC-to-OC ratio is lower than that reported in biomass-burning aerosols in tropical regions, further supporting that biomass-burning aerosols in Sanjiang Plain are mostly primary and secondary organic aerosols may be not significant. A lower average δ13C value (-26.2‰) is observed during the biomass-burning period, indicating a dominant contribution from combustion of C3 plants in the studied region.
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- 2016
20. Atmospheric PAHs in North China: Spatial distribution and sources
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Mei Zheng, Jing Cai, Yanjun Zhang, Tong Zhu, Linan Hong, Xuesong Wang, Yue Liu, Yan Lin, Jin Ma, Xinghua Qiu, Yifan Zhao, and Momei Qin
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Air Pollutants ,China ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,North china ,Environmental engineering ,Coal combustion products ,Transportation ,010501 environmental sciences ,Spatial distribution ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Combustion process ,Adverse health effect ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Trajectory analysis ,Seasons ,Physical geography ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Emission inventory ,Biomass burning ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Environmental Monitoring ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), formed through incomplete combustion process, have adverse health effects. To investigate spatial distribution and sources of PAHs in North China, PAHs with passive sampling in 90 gridded sites during June to September in 2011 were analyzed. The average concentration of the sum of fifteen PAHs in North China is 220 ± 14 ng/m 3 , with the highest in Shanxi, followed by Shandong and Hebei, and then the Beijing-Tianjin area. Major sources of PAHs are identified for each region of North China, coke process for Shanxi, biomass burning for Hebei and Shandong, and coal combustion for Beijing-Tianjin area, respectively. Emission inventory is combined with back trajectory analysis to study the influence of emissions from surrounding areas at receptor sites. Shanxi and Beijing-Tianjin areas are more influenced by sources nearby while regional sources have more impact on Hebei and Shandong areas. Results from this study suggest the areas where local emission should be the major target for control and areas where both local and regional sources should be considered for PAH abatement in North China.
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- 2016
21. Isolating different natural and anthropogenic PAHs in the sediments from the northern Bering-Chukchi margin: Implications for transport processes in a warming Arctic
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Yanguang Liu, Lisa A. Rodenburg, Minggang Cai, Mian Chen, Lin Liu, Hongwei Ke, Yan Lin, Mahdi Chitsaz, and Hengxiang Deng
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Total organic carbon ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Silt ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Latitude ,Arctic ,Isotopes of carbon ,Environmental chemistry ,Spatial ecology ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Ecosystem ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become the dominating burden in the Arctic ecosystems, but their transport pathways and relative importance of different sources in the Arctic remained unclear, and this would be further complicated by climate change. Here we interpreted 27 PAHs in 34 surface sediments from the northern Bering-Chukchi margin. We integrated source apportionment methods (including diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis, hierarchical analysis, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model) together with geochemistry parameters, which reveal a gradually clear picture of the spatial patterns of different sources. The total PAH concentrations (50.4 to 896.0 ng/g dw) exhibited a "hilly" shape with the increase of latitude, showing the highest level of PAHs in the northeast Chukchi Sea. The total BaP toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ) for carcinogenic compounds was from 1.06 to 33.3 ng TEQ/g. Most PAHs showed positive correlations with silt content, total organic carbon, stable carbon isotopes and black carbon (p 0.01 or 0.05). Generally, source apportionment methods revealed an increasing petrogenic source of PAHs with latitudes. The PMF model further differentiated two petrogenic (36.7%), two pyrogenic (softwood and fossil fuel combustion, 35.5%) and one in-situ biogenic source (Perylene, 27.8%). An extremely high petrogenic signal was captured in the Canada Basin margin, possibly originating from the Mackenzie River via ice drifting with Beaufort Gyre, while another petrogenic source may come from coal deposit erosion by deglaciation. Softwood combustion (characterized by Retene) exhibited exclusively higher contribution in the northeast Chukchi Sea and might result from the increasing wildfire in Alaska due to climate change, whereas fossil fuel combustion exhibited similar contributions across different latitudes. Our results revealed natural PAHs as important "inside sources" in the Arctic, which are highly sensitive to global warming and deserves more attention.
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- 2020
22. Specific sources of health risks caused by size-resolved PM-bound metals in a typical coal-burning city of northern China during the winter haze event
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Yu-Chi Lin, Wenhuai Song, Yan-Lin Zhang, Xiao-Ying Yang, and Mei-Yi Fan
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Pollution ,China ,Environmental Engineering ,Haze ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Coal combustion products ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Chromium ,Risk Factors ,Coal burning ,Environmental Chemistry ,Cities ,Particle Size ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Air Pollutants ,Particulates ,Coal ,Deposition (aerosol physics) ,chemistry ,Metals ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Particulate Matter ,Seasons ,Carbon ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
High particulate matter (PM) pollution frequently occurs in winter over northern China , resulting in threats to human health. To date, there are limited studies to link source apportionments and health risk assessments in the different size-resolved PM samples during high PM events. In this study, size-segregated PM samples were collected in Linfen, a typical coal-burning city, in northern China during a wintertime haze pollution. In addition to water-soluble ions and carbon contents, metallic elements in the different size-segregated PM samples were also determined for health risk assessments by inhalation of PM. During the sampling period, the average concentration of PM10 was 274 ± 57 μg m-3 with a major fraction (73%) of organic material and secondary-related aerosols, and an insignificant portion of trace elements (TEs, ~ 3%). The size distribution showed that As and Se, markers of coal combustion, exhibited a mono-modal distribution with a major peak at 0.4-0.7 μm and the others mostly possessed mono-/bi-modal patterns with a major peak at 3.3-5.8 μm. The cancer risk (CR) resulted from PM10 metals by inhalation was estimated to be 2.91 × 10-5 for children and 7.75 × 10-5 for adults while non-cancer risk (NCR) was 2.10 for children and 0.70 for adults. Chromium (Cr) was the dominant species (~89%) of cancer risk in PM10. Road dust was a major fraction (~65%) to total metals in coarse PM (dp > 3.3 μm) whereas coal combustion was a dominant source (~55%) in submicron (dp < 1.1 μm) PM metals. However, traffic emissions (40%) and coal combustion (36%) were the dominant sources of CR since both emissions contributed major fractions (74%) to Cr, especially in submicron PM which exhibited high deposition efficiency of TEs into respiratory tracts, resulting in high CR in Linfen City.
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- 2020
23. Assessment of contaminant fate in catchments using a novel integrated hydrobiogeochemical-multimedia fate model
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Ian Allan, Luca Nizzetto, Thorjørn Larssen, Yan Lin, Dan Butterfield, and Martyn N. Futter
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Pollution ,Biogeochemical cycle ,Environmental Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Sink (geography) ,Environmental monitoring ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Exposure assessment ,Hydrology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Soil organic matter ,Biogeochemistry ,15. Life on land ,020801 environmental engineering ,Models, Chemical ,Multimedia ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Models for pollution exposure assessment typically adopt an overly simplistic representation of geography, climate and biogeochemical processes. This strategy is unsatisfactory when high temporal resolution simulations for sub-regional spatial domains are performed, in which parameters defining scenarios can vary interdependently in space and time. This is, for example, the case when assessing the influence of biogeochemical processing on contaminant fate. Here we present INCA-Contaminants, the Integrated Catchments model for Contaminants; a new model that simultaneously and realistically solves mass balances of water, carbon, sediments and contaminants in the soil-stream-sediment system of catchments and their river networks as a function of climate, land use/management and contaminant properties. When forced with realistic climate and contaminant input data, the model was able to predict polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations in multiple segments of a river network in a complex landscape. We analyzed model output sensitivity to a number of hydro-biogeochemical parameters. The rate of soil organic matter mineralization was the most sensitive parameter controlling PCBs levels in river water, supporting the hypothesis that organic matter turnover rates will influence re-mobilization of previously deposited PCBs which had accumulated in soil organic matrix. The model was also used to project the long term fate of PCB 101 under two climate scenarios. Catchment diffuse run-off and riverine transport were the major pathways of contaminant re-mobilization. Simulations show that during the next decade the investigated boreal catchment will shift from being a net atmospheric PCB sink to a net source for air and water, with future climate perturbation having little influence on this trend. Our results highlight the importance of using credible hydro-biogeochemical simulations when modeling the fate of hydrophobic contaminants.
- Published
- 2016
24. Time series modeling of PM2.5 concentrations with residual variance constraint in eastern mainland China during 2013–2017
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Xin Fang, Bin Zou, Shenxin Li, and Yan Lin
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Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Series (mathematics) ,Statistical model ,Variance (accounting) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Residual ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Cross-validation ,Constraint (information theory) ,Outlier ,Statistics ,Environmental Chemistry ,Satellite ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics - Abstract
Satellite-based mapping has been proven to be an effective method to reveal the spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 distributions. However, most satellite AOD (aerosol optical depth) statistical models suffer from unstable accuracy over long time spans. This study thus aims to propose an accurate and stable method for PM2.5 concentration estimations in time series. Specifically, a three-step residual variance constraint method (RVCM) is developed to simulate PM2.5 concentrations from January 2013 to December 2017 with the aid of AODs and other auxiliary data. Results show that the five-year fitting R2 and cross-validation R2 of RVCMs improved from 0.77 to 0.88 and 0.71 to 0.84, respectively, compared to those models without residual variance constraint (WO-RVCM). Additionally, RVCM demonstrated more stable performance on time series simulation of PM2.5 concentrations than WO-RVCM, with the yearly fitting R2 of 0.89, 0.88, 0.85, 0.87 and 0.88, and corresponding cross validation R2 of 0.85, 0.84, 0.80, 0.82 and 0.83, respectively. Furthermore, accuracy verification of removed outliers in residual variance constraint modeling confirmed the credibility of RVCM in outliers' simulation compared to WO-RVCM models. Finally, RVCM-aided estimations of time series PM2.5 concentrations and associated premature deaths in the study area (east and southeast mainland China) revealed their total decrease rates were 35.21% and 21.57%, and excellent air quality days increased from 7% to 35%. These findings suggest that residual variance constraint is effective and could be a reliable solution to providing time series AOD-PM2.5 modeling with stable accuracy over long time spans.
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- 2020
25. Atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants over the Pacific Ocean near southern Taiwan and the northern Philippines
- Author
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Yan Yu Gou, Shui-Jen Chen, Kuang Yu Chen, Lin-Chi Wang, Ding Yan Lin, Tsyr Huei Chiou, Wen-Jhy Lee, and How-Ran Chao
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Air Pollutants ,Pacific Ocean ,Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins ,Environmental Engineering ,Atmosphere ,Philippines ,Southern taiwan ,Polybrominated Biphenyls ,Taiwan ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Pollution ,Pacific ocean ,Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,Congener ,Environmental chemistry ,Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
This study investigates the atmospheric occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) over the Pacific Ocean near southern Taiwan and the northern Philippines. We determined sixty-six compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), in air samples simultaneously collected from the offshore oceanic atmosphere (n=6) and over a rural area (n=2). We calculated the atmospheric World Health Organization 2005 toxic equivalency levels (WHO2005-TEQ), for the total dioxin-like POPs, including PCDD/Fs, DLPCBs, and PBDD/Fs, being 0.00612 pg WHO2005-TEQ/m(3) and 0.0138 pg WHO2005-TEQ/m(3) over the ocean and land, respectively. We found unexpected lower averaged atmospheric PBDE concentrations in the rural area (15.9 pg/m(3)) than over the ocean (31.1 pg/m(3)) due to higher levels of the BDE209 congener, although the difference was not statistically significant. We have compared and reported our field results with previously published datasets over the global oceans, which suggest PCBs and PBDEs are the dominant chemical contaminants in the global oceanic atmosphere among these halogenated POPs (e.g. PCBs and Σdi-hepta PBDEs could be found in the range of 0.09-48.7 and 8.07-94.0 pg/m(3), respectively, including our dataset). However, there are still very few investigations on the global atmospheric levels of PBDD/Fs, PCDEs and PBBs and our data sums to these earlier studies. Finally, we point out that the halogenated POPs originated from Taiwan or the continental East Asia which could easily reach remote ocean sites via atmospheric transport.
- Published
- 2014
26. Inorganic markers, carbonaceous components and stable carbon isotope from biomass burning aerosols in Northeast China
- Author
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Cao, Fang, primary, Zhang, Shi-Chun, additional, Kawamura, Kimitaka, additional, and Zhang, Yan-Lin, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Improvement of inorganic aerosol component in PM 2.5 by constraining aqueous-phase formation of sulfate in cloud with satellite retrievals: WRF-Chem simulations.
- Author
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Sha T, Ma X, Wang J, Tian R, Zhao J, Cao F, and Zhang YL
- Subjects
- Aerosols analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Sulfates analysis, Water, Air Pollutants analysis, Particulate Matter analysis
- Abstract
High concentrations of PM
2.5 in China have caused severe visibility degradation and health problems. However, it is still challenging to accurately predict PM2.5 and its chemical components in numerical models. In this study, we compared the inorganic aerosol components of PM2.5 (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA)) simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model fully coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with in-situ data in a heavy haze-fog event during November 2018 in Nanjing, China. Comparisons show that the model underestimates sulfate concentrations by 81% and fails to reproduce the significant increase of sulfate from early morning to noon, which corresponds to the timing of fog dissipation that suggests the model underestimates the aqueous-phase formation of sulfate in clouds. In addition, the model overestimates both nitrate and ammonium concentrations by 184% and 57%, respectively. These overestimates contribute to the simulated SNA being 77.2% higher than observed. However, cloud water content is also underestimated which is a pathway for important aqueous-phase reactions. Therefore, we constrained the simulated cloud water content based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Liquid Water Path observations. Results show that the simulation with MODIS-corrected cloud water content increases the sulfate by a factor of 3, decreases the Normalized Mean Bias (NMB) by 53.5%, and reproduces its diurnal cycle with the peak concentration occurring at noon. The improved sulfate simulation also improves the simulation of nitrate, which decreases the simulated nitrate bias by 134%. Although the simulated ammonium is still higher than the observations, corrected cloud water content leads to a decrease of the modelled bias in SNA from 77.2% to 14.1%. The strong sensitivity of simulated SNA concentration to the cloud water content provides an explanation for the simulated SNA bias. Hence, uncertainties in cloud water content can contribute to model biases in simulating SNA which are less frequently explored from a process-level perspective and can be reduced by constraining the model with satellite observations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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