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Human activity recognition (HAR) is one of the key applications of health monitoring that requires continuous use of wearable devices to track daily activities. The most efficient supervised machine learning (ML)-based approaches for predicting human activity are based on a continuous stream of sensor data. Sensor data analysis for human activity recognition using conventional algorithms and deep learning (DL) models shows promising results, but evaluating their ambiguity in decision-making is still challenging. In order to solve these issues, the paper proposes a novel Wasserstein gradient flow legonet WGF-LN-based human activity recognition system. At first, the input data is pre-processed. From the pre-processed data, the features are extracted using Haar Wavelet mother- Symlet wavelet coefficient scattering feature extraction (HS-WSFE). After that, the interest features are selected from the extracted features using (Binomial Distribution integrated-Golden Eagle Optimization) BD-GEO. The important features are then post-processed using the scatter plot matrix method. Obtained post-processing features are finally given into the WGF-LN for classifying human activities. From these experiments, the results can be obtained and showed the efficacy of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hybrid nanofluid was explored in order to find an efficient heat-transmitting fluid to replace standard fluids and revolutionary nanofluids. By using tangent hyperbolic hybrid combination nanoliquid with non-Newtonian ethylene glycol (EG) as a basis fluid and a copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) mixture, this work aims to investigate the viscoelastic elements of the thermal transferring process. Flow and thermal facts, such as a slippery extended surface with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), suction/injection, form factor, Joule heating, and thermal radiation effects, including changing thermal conductivity, were also integrated. The Keller–Box method was used to perform collective numerical computations of parametric analysis using governing equivalences. In the form of graphs and tables, the results of TiO2–Cu/EG hybrid nanofluid were compared to those of standard Cu/EG nanofluid in important critical physical circumstances. The entropy generation study was used to examine energy balance and usefulness for important physically impacting parameters. Detailed scrutiny on entropy development get assisted with Weissenberg number, magnetic parameter, fractional volumes, injection parameter, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, Biot number, shape variation parameter, Reynolds and Brinkman number. Whereas the entropy gets resisted for slip and suction parameter. In this case, spotted entropy buildup with important parametric ranges could aid future optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retraction of: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03392-8, published online 15 December 2021 The Editors have retracted this Article. S. Suriya Uma Devi, Rabha W. Ibrahim, Faisal Shahzad, Mohamed R. Eid, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty, M. Motawi Khashan, and I. S. Yahia did not reply to the correspondence about the retraction. Retraction Note: A brief comparative examination of tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid through a extending surface: numerical Keller-Box scheme. [Extracted from the article]

Vesicle and target membrane fusion involves tethering, docking and fusion. The GTPase SECRETORY4 (SEC4) positions the exocyst complex during vesicle membrane tethering, facilitating docking and fusion. Glycine max (soybean) Sec4 functions in the root during its defense against the parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines as it attempts to develop a multinucleate nurse cell (syncytium) serving to nourish the nematode over its 30-day life cycle. Results indicate that other tethering proteins are also important for defense. The G. max exocyst is encoded by 61 genes: 5 EXOC1 (Sec3), 2 EXOC2 (Sec5), 5 EXOC3 (Sec6), 2 EXOC4 (Sec8), 2 EXOC5 (Sec10) 6 EXOC6 (Sec15), 31 EXOC7 (Exo70) and 8 EXOC8 (Exo84) genes. At least one member of each gene family is expressed within the syncytium during the defense response. Syncytium-expressed exocyst genes function in defense while some are under transcriptional regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The exocyst component EXOC7-H4-1 is not expressed within the syncytium but functions in defense and is under MAPK regulation. The tethering stage of vesicle transport has been demonstrated to play an important role in defense in the G. max-H. glycines pathosystem, with some of the spatially and temporally regulated exocyst components under transcriptional control by MAPKs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterization of helical carbon nanofibers (CNFs) contained within a fully confined nanoreactor is described. In particular, hollow carbon spheres (od = ca. 310 nm; wall thickness ca. 20 nm) were infiltrated with Cu ions (1%) to produce CuO particles (<10 nm) and the CuO was converted to Cu particles at temperature of 300 °C. Acetylene was then used as a carbon source to grow helical CNFs within the hollow carbon spheres. The diameter and helicity of the CNFs was influenced by the Cu content within a hollow carbon sphere, the limited Cu sintering inside a sphere as well as the dimensions of the sphere. The procedures employed suggest that the philosophy of building other structures (and molecules) with any elements within confined nanoreactors is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined if caffeine intake has a differential effect in subjects with high and low genetic susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder. A case control study involving 812 subjects consisting of PD and healthy controls were conducted. Caffeine intake assessed by a validated questionnaire and genotyping of PD gene risk variant (LRRK2 R1628P) was carried out. Compared to caffeine takers with the wild-type genotype (low genetic susceptibility), non-caffeine takers with R1628P variant (high genetic susceptibility) had a 15 times increased risk of developing PD (OR = 15.4, 95% CI = (1.94, 122), P = 0.01), whereas caffeine takers with R1628P (intermediate susceptibility) had a 3 times risk (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = (2.02, 4.66), P < 0.001). Caffeine intake would significantly reduce the risk of PD much more in those with high genetic susceptibility compared to those with low genetic susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MHD Natural convection, which is one of the principal types of convective heat transfer in numerous research of heat exchangers and geothermal energy systems, as well as nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. This work focuses on the investigation of Natural convective heat transfer evaluation inside a porous triangular cavity filled with silver-magnesium oxide/water hybrid nanofluid [H2O/Ag-MgO]hnf under a consistent magnetic field. The laminar and incompressible nanofluid flow is taken to account while Darcy–Forchheimer model takes account of the advection inertia effect in the porous sheet. Controlled equations of the work have been approached nondimensional and resolved by Galerkin finite element technique. The numerical analyses were carried out by varying the Darcy, Hartmann, and Rayleigh numbers, porosity, and characteristics of solid volume fraction and flow fields. Further, the findings are reported in streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt numbers. For this work, the parametric impact may be categorized into two groups. One of them has an effect on the structural factors such as triangular form and scale on the physical characteristics of the important outputs such as fluidity and thermal transfer rates. The significant findings are the parameters like Rayleigh and slightly supported by Hartmann along with Darcy number, minimally assists by solid-particle size and rotating factor as clockwise assists the cooler flow at the center and anticlockwise direction assists the warmer flow. Clear raise in heat transporting rate can be obtained for increasing solid-particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluidity and thermal transport across the triangular aperture with lower lateral inlet and apply placed at the vertical outlet of the chamber which filled with efficient TiO2–SiO2/water hybrid nanofluid under the parametrical influence. Several parameters are tested like the numbers of Hartmann ( 0 ≤ H a ≤ 100 ), Richardson ( 0 ≤ R i ≤ 5 ), and Reynolds ( 10 ≤ R e ≤ 1000 ) were critiqued through streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number ( Nu ). Numerical model has to be developed and solved through the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) by discretized with 13,569 triangular elements optimized through grid-independent analysis. The Hartmann number ( Ha ), exerts minimal impact over the flow and thermal aspects while the other parameters significantly manipulate the physical nature of the flowing and thermal aspects behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of levodopa therapy-induced complications on the quality of life (QoL) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in Singapore over a 1-year follow-up period. 274 PD patients were prospectively recruited, of which 78 patients completed the follow-up. Patients were evaluated on: (1) motor symptoms, (2) non-motor symptoms, (3) levodopa therapy-induced complications and (4) QoL. Levodopa-induced complications including dyskinesia and OFF symptoms occurred in 13.5% and 55.9% of the study population, respectively. In patients who completed the 1-year follow-up, there was a trend suggestive of increasing dyskinesia duration, more disabling dyskinesia as well as longer, more sudden and unpredictable OFF periods. There was a significant decline in the overall QoL at follow-up, in particular, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, cognition and communication domains were the most affected. The multivariable analysis demonstrated that worsening of UPDRS IV total score over 1-year interval was associated with worsening in PDQ-Summary Index score (d = 0.671, p = 0.014). In conclusion, levodopa-induced complications had significant adverse impacts on QoL. This study substantiates the importance for clinicians to closely monitor and promptly manage levodopa therapy-induced complications that may arise in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]