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We achieve high‐framerate (< 100 μs) high‐contrast‐ratio ferroelectric liquid crystal displays (FLCD) on Gen 4.5. Innovatively, a new polyimide (PI) that is suitable for ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) alignment is synthesized and tested on the production line. It replaces Nylon 6 (N6), which was the barrier to the commercialization of FLCD. Moreover, a new FLC is synthesized to match requirements in mass production. Additionally, various materials were studied to investigate the surface energy and relative performance. It is not only proof of the feasibility on the production line, but also a significant step towards the commercialization of field‐sequential‐color high‐resolution FLCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usually, the resolution loss is serious in light field display due to the spatial multiplexing of several neighboring pixels to display images from different directions. With the limitation in the resolution of the flat panel display, the light field 3D display shows insufficient display size, image depth, or resolution. This article utilized the FLC with a fast response at 2 kHz and the optimized charge compensation method to achieve a high refresh time multiplexing method, which can effectively increase the display resolution by up to 32 times and is very promising for light field 3D displays in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a novel method for achieving long‐term (>24 hours) true bi‐stability in helix‐free Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (FLCs). Instead of employing asymmetric boundary conditions, traditionally used for achieving bi‐stability, we utilized symmetric boundary conditions and carefully optimized the anchoring conditions on both the top and bottom substrates using the photoalignment technology. The key to the newly observed long term bi‐stability is the twisted alignment structure. Surface roughness was found to play a crucial role in achieving sustained bi‐stability. This breakthrough holds promise for developing truly bi‐stable, fast modulators for photonic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) have two attractive characteristics: very fast switching speeds and stable alignment against electrical fringe fields from neighboring pixels. However, care needs to be taken because FLC panels can be prone to alignment defects caused by Chevron structures. At this time, we have succeeded in developing a new FLC which has an improved temperature range, with a wider SmC phase, and which is more stable, thus making it less likely to have alignment defects. We look forward to demonstrating this to you with LCOS panels containing this new FLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light field displays, the resolution loss is a serious problem, leading to insufficient image depth, display size, and resolution. Here, we achieve a high refresh time multiplexing method that can effectively increase the display resolution by up to 32 times. Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (FLC) with a fast response at 2 kHz and an optimized charge compensation method is proposed in this article. It is very promising for light field 3D displays in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimized ODF machine for large scale display filled by ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) is developed. Fast FLC filling at high temperature (100°C) in the vacuum, and sealing can automatically be done in one reaction pot. An uniform cell with good alignment quality and electro‐optical (E&O) performance are achieved which shows high contrast ratio (CR) =10000 :1 and a fast response time (33 μs) at room temperature, respectively. The realized FLC cell by ODF indicates that there are no mass production barriers for large scale FLC display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A successful test of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays (FLCD) on Gen 4.5 is realized in this paper. A new polyimide (PI) that can replace Nylon 6 (N6) is synthesized and tested on the production line. This used to be the barrier in the commercialization of FLCD. Apart from that, a new FLC for mass production is synthesized. To investigate the surface energy and relative performance, various materials are compared. This proof of the feasibility on the production line is a significant step towards the commercialization of field‐sequential‐color high‐resolution FLCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We disclose a fast polarization converter (100 kHz at 10 V) with high diffraction efficiency (97%). The flickering is less than 5%. No diffraction and residual light loss are induced after passing through the Liquid Crystal (LC) cell. The contrast ratio (CR) is 1000:1. Innovatively, no polarizer is required in the system, it is a promising candidate for high‐efficiency beam‐steering applications, such as Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR), Light Ranging and Detection (LiDAR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we proposed a passive vibration sensing system using a threshold‐less deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (DHFLC) cell. Combining the DHFLC cell, piezoelectric film, and optical detector, the system can transform the slight vibration into light intensity signal without a power supply. The system can reach the sensitivity of 165 V/(m/s) and the linearity <1% full range output. The proposed system will be combined with optical fibers to play an essential role in various vibration‐sensing array applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuing prosperity of LiDAR markets, the demand of a fast‐scanning, high‐precision and inexpensive LiDAR system is growing rapidly. In this paper, we disclose a fast‐switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal Dammann grating and polarization grating‐based holographic projection and detection system for 3D imaging devices and LiDAR with an extended field of view. The field of view of the proposed system can achieve ~80° with <0.5cm precision at a significantly lower cost. This improvement increases LiDAR versatility and performance in various scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐efficiency (97%) fast polarization converter (100 kHz) is achieved using Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (FLC). Innovatively, by cascading FLC cells, no diffraction and residual light loss are achieved. The flickering is less than 5%.. The contrast ratio is 1000:1. Bi‐stable focus modulation is acheived. It is a promising candidate not just for display technologies, but also for high‐ efficiency beam‐steering applications, such as Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR), Light Ranging and Detection (LiDAR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a combined system including FLC high‐speed polarization rotator, liquid crystal polymerizable polarization grating, FLC switchable Dammann Grating is proposed to form tunable diffractive spot matrices and acquire depth information. By adjusting electric field, the grating can be switched between diffractive state showing 4 by 4 optical spots arrays in two areas and non‐diffractive state, respectively. At a low driving voltage of 5V, our approach renders the gratings electrically tunable with a fast response time of 50μs, which has the potential for LiDAR applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the research is new ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) compositions with a wide temperature range of SmC* phase and the fabrication of a fast switching mechanically stable display with improved electro‐optical properties. The aim of the work is to synthesize new highly viscous non‐chiral compounds and to develop on their basis in combination with known ferroelectric compounds with a large value of spontaneous polarization of mixtures stable to mechanical deformations. As a result, the influence of the length of nonchiral molecules and the viscosity of the compositions on the mechanical stability of the alignment was investigated. The relationship between the surface anchoring energy of the alignment materials and the viscoelastic properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals is described. For our investigation we synthesized new non‐chiral smectic C compounds containing four or five attached phenyl rings, so called 4,4'‐di‐substituted quaterphenyls 4,4'‐di‐substituted‐pentaphenyls which have in series‐connected benzene rings, but not separated by bridging fragments. We found that the switching of FLC mixtures with such compounds is much faster compared to mixtures containing compounds with the same quaterphenyl or pentaphenyl fragment in chiral molecules. New ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions with optimized parameters have been designed. The possibility to develop FLC displays with switching time less than 10 μs and stable against mechanical deformations and independent of the type of alignment material and pretilt angle was shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast (Relaxation ~25μs and response ~50μs at 55°C) high‐contrast continuous 2π phase modulation without fringe field effect (FFE) based upon Kerr effect of vertical aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (VADHFLC) is proposed. Specifically, FFE is a long‐term inevitable barrier for nematic liquid crystal (NLC). Surprisingly, it is the 1st‐time found that no FFE exists for VADHFLC under 1μm pitch, which is an arresting feature for ultra‐high‐resolution applications. Moreover, the Kerr constant is 88nm/V2 and the contrast ratio is > 1000:1. It is a promising candidate for AR/VR, wavelength selective switch (WSS), hologram, ultra‐high‐PPI display, adaptive optics and LiDAR applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barriers exits regarding increasing brightness and pixel density for various display technologies, be it, LCD, LED and OLED. In this paper, we proposed a defect‐free high‐contrast fast (~100μ) active‐matrix addressed DHFLC with a theoretical 11500 PPI due to its nature of no fringe field effect (FFE) and high capacitance, shedding a light on the barriers. For the realization, the no‐storage‐capacitor AM‐DHFLC display device is fabricated as preliminary demo with both optimizations in the DHFLC alignment and pixel design. Innovatively, the no‐storage‐capacitor characteristic, which is impossible for NLC, not only rockets efficiency and aperture ratio from 57% to 83% with high brightness, but also reveals the potential in reducing the pixel size for higher resolution. Moreover, fast response around 100μs at 360 Hz for FSC display and no‐FFE strengthen the promising potential of DHFLC in various modern display technologies, be it VR/AR, high PPI display, micro display, and high‐resolution hologram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realization of a near‐eye, liquid‐crystal (LC) display with resolution density > 2000 pixels per inch (PPI) is desired but places great demands on the choices of the LC and the thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane technology. Presently investigated is the requirement placed on the allowable leakage current in the off‐state of a scan transistor in an active‐matrix LC display. With the resolution boosted by the elimination of the storage capacitor, an even more stringent limit is placed on the leakage current. It is concluded that a backplane technology based on metal‐oxide TFTs offering inherently low leakage current enables the construction of a higher‐resolution display. As a demonstration, a 500 PPI display based on deformed‐helix ferroelectric LC and indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide TFTs has been fabricated and characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we disclose a fast (ON time ~50μs and OFF time‐25μs at 55°C), high‐contrast, continuous phase modulator without fringe field effect (FFE). The phase modulator using the Kerr effect of vertical aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (VADHFLC). Specifically, FFE is a long‐term problem for nematic liquid crystal (NLC). In this article, we are disclosing, for the 1st‐time found, that no FFE exists for VADHFLC, even for phase modulator with 1μm pixel pitch, which is an attractive feature for ultra‐high‐resolution display and photonic applications. Moreover, the Kerr constant is 88 nm/V2, and the contrast ratio is larger than 1000:1. It is a promising candidate for high‐PPI AR/VR displays, wavelength selective switch (WSS), hologram, adaptive optics, and LiDARs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different display‐based technologies like LCD, OLED and LED, all meet barriers in increasing brightness and pixel density. In this paper, a defect‐free high‐contrast fast (~100 μs) active‐matrix addressed DHFLC is proposed with a theoretical 11500 PPI due to its nature of no fringe field effect (FFE) and high capacitance, shedding a light on the barriers. For the realization, the no‐storage‐capacitor AM‐DHFLC display device is fabricated as a preliminary demo with both optimizations in the DHFLC alignment and pixel design. Innovatively, the no‐storage‐capacitor characteristic, which is impossible for NLC, not only rockets efficiency and aperture ratio from 57 % to 83 % with high brightness, but also reveals the potential in reducing the pixel size for higher resolution. Moreover, a fast response around 100 μs at 360 Hz for FSC display and no‐FFE strengthens the promising potential of DHFLC in various modern display technologies, be it VR/AR, high PPI display, microdisplay, and high‐resolution hologram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of study is nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystals containing chemically modified nanoclay based on montmorillonite. The aim of the work is to develop new composite materials with improved physico‐chemical and electro‐optical properties. During the study, chemical methods were developed for modification of the surface of nanoclay; the mesomorphic, dielectric, and electro‐optical properties of nematic and ferroelectric compositions doped with a nanoclay with a modified surface are studied. Based on experimental data, the regularities of the influence of functional groups grafted onto the surface of nanoclay on the mesomorphic, dielectric and electro‐optical properties of nematic and ferroelectric compositions were established. It has been shown experimentally that the addition of a small amount of nanoclay to a nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystal material can significantly improve the electro‐optical response time and reduce the threshold and saturation voltage values. For ferroelectric liquid crystals, the addition of nanoclay leads to an increase in the tilt angle in the smectic layer and an increase in spontaneous polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A glass‐based micro‐display with pixel size (<3µm) has been fabricated and verified in this work using deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal. High contrast (over 600:1), fast response time (< 400μs) and continuous gray scale within 5 V driving voltage are achieved in the prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A glass‐based micro‐display with pixel size (<3µm) has been fabricated and verified in this work using deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal. High contrast (over 600:1), fast response time (< 400µs) and continuous gray scale within 5V driving voltage are achieved in the prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a fast switchable lens system with multiple focal points. Specifically, the combination of the Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (ESHFLC) based polarization rotator and a passive polarization‐dependent LC lens can switch the focal points at high speed (50µs). Moreover, a cascaded assembly of 3 such lens units shows 8‐focal points, with a fast response time of 50µs. This device shows promising potential for VR and depth‐mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ITO pattern with variable electrode gap is used to study the fringe‐field‐effect for the ferroelectric liquid crystals. The pixel expansion and disclination line due to the fringe‐field‐effect for FLC panel are found to be least significant in comparison to the nematic LCs. The electro‐optical performance shows good contrast, fast response ~ 100μs and little fringe field effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs), bistable when used in obliquely‐deposited SiO2 cells, are being developed with the goal of obtaining fast‐switching microdisplays that have about 90% illumination duty cycle. The effects of changing various SiO2 deposition parameters were investigated. A functional bistable FLC dummy cell is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ferroelectric liquid crystal Dammann grating (FLCDG) based polarization modulated depth‐mapping system is proposed. Innovatively, combination of one FLC modulator and one FLCDG optic splitting apparatus is used as high‐speed shutter in this system. The application of FLCDG enables LiDAR as one‐shot capturing system instead of iterative scanning. Moreover, the proposed device shows a fast data‐collection period (5μs) for per 49 points with low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed stacked two‐layered electrodes having predesigned patterns that applied two different voltages across the electrodes' surfaces and fabricated ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) arrays using the electrodes showing clear checkered pattern with a 1 × 1‐μm pitch. Furthermore, we demonstrated a holographic 3D image reconstruction using the FLC array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast transient times of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) modulators (shutters) provide accurate selection of pulse light fluxes, for example, the active selection of view images in the stereoscopic applications. The problem of the electronic control of the FLC shutter appears in the case of unequal durations of its alternating open and closed optical states. Corresponding unequal portions of control electrical power during positive and negative polarities of the control voltage cause the degradation of the FLC performance. Main reason of the degradation is the inequality of the volume ion charges induced into the FLC layer by positive and negative control voltage. In this paper, the concept of solution to this problem is suggested with the corresponding experimental verification. Our method allows to equalize the positive and negative control electrical power values without affecting the optical response of the FLC shutter by introducing the short time gaps into a longer control voltage waveform to lower the corresponding integral electrical power value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) which has the advantage of a fast response under an electrical field has become one of the most promising candidates of the next generation liquid crystal display (LCD) as well as photonic devices. In the display area, sub‐millisecond switching is needed to enable field sequential color (FSC) display technology, which improves resolution and efficiency at least by three times when using sequentially coming RGB colors instead of color filters. The FLC allows electrical control of the response time in the range from several microseconds to several seconds. FLC devices also have a great potential in the sensing and detection area since a microsecond response is in high demand for real time sensors. Gratings, optical switches and phase modulators can also be fabricated with FLC, and applied in optical communications, imaging systems, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub‐millisecond electro‐optic switching times of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) remain highly desirable for fast switching devices, such as LCoS display applications. Such materials are notoriously susceptible to damage through shock‐induced flow. A simple shock‐stable geometry for FLC electro‐optic shutters is presented, based on homeotropic surface‐relief gratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A helix free ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) panel using the passively addressed driving scheme has been realized. The FLC layer thickness is 4um. Asymmetric boundary conditions have been used for providing high contrast and steady multiplex operation. The electro‐optical performance of the panel shows fast switching time around 87us and good bi‐stability in the meantime. A 4um 64*64 passively addressed FLC display prototype has been achieved and successfully multiplexed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoalignment materials can be effectively used in LC alignment and patterning for new generations of LC devices with extremely high resolution and optical quality both in glass and plastic substrates. Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals based on photoalignment are very promising for new display and photonics devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) panel driven by different driving signals has been test. The FLC layer thickness is 3um. Asymmetric boundary conditions, when only one of the ITO surfaces of the display matrix is covered with the photo‐aligning layer while another is not, have been used for providing high contrast, fast response and steady multiplex operation. The electro‐optical performance driven by different impulse signal is presented to show the minimum charge needed for the inversion of bi‐stable state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an increase of flexoelectric anisotropy (Δ e) of nematic liquid crystal by doping a calamitic ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC). We tested two kinds of FLC and both nematic liquid crystal mixtures doped with each FLC showed an increase of the flexoelectric anisotropy up to 52%. The reason for the increase in flexoelectric anisotropy is thought to be due to the large transverse dipole moment of the FLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we demonstrate a compact fast 2D-3D switchable display device which is achieved by a polarization sensitive micro-lens array and an electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC) cell. The ESHFLC, functioned as a polarization selector, has a high contrast ratio over 3K: 1 of two perpendicular polarization states, under a low applied electric field 1.7 V/μm. In order to get a DC balancing of the ESHFLC, we design two particular driving scheme for 2D and 3D. Due to the fast response of FLC, we are able to switch between the two display modes in microseconds. Thus such an integrated 2D to auto-stereoscopic 3D switchable display with advantages like low power consumption, ultrafast response and good 3D performance can be widely explored and utilized in TV, cell phones and etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we disclose a 3‐inch 250ppi active matrix field sequential color electrically suppressed ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC) display. ESHFLC's ultra‐fast response time (~10µs at 6.67V/µm) enables the display resolution to be tripled via field sequential color technique. Photo‐alignment technology provides ESHFLC with optimal anchoring energy which contributes to a high contrast ratio over 10K:1. Specific 3T1C pixel circuit is designed to convert the analog signal to pulse width modulation. Thus the field sequential color ESHFLC display is achieved on LTPS TFT panel. With the delivered prototype, we successfully demonstrate the active matrix FSC ESHFLC integrated display system. We believe this display may replace IPS or FFS in the near future for portable mobile market. Moreover, high resolution FSC ESHFLC can find more applications in emerging virtual reality displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we disclose a 3‐inch 250ppi active matrix field sequential color electrically suppressed ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC) display. ESHFLC's ultra‐fast response time (~10µs at 6.67V/µm) enables the display resolution to be tripled via field sequential color technique. Photo‐alignment technology provides ESHFLC with optimal anchoring energy which contributes to a high contrast ratio over 10K:1. Specific 3T1C pixel circuit is designed to convert the analog signal to pulse width modulation. Thus the field sequential color ESHFLC display is achieved on LTPS TFT panel. With the delivered prototype, we successfully demonstrate the active matrix FSC ESHFLC integrated display system. We believe this display may replace IPS or FFS in the near future for portable mobile market. Moreover, high resolution FSC ESHFLC can find more applications in emerging virtual reality displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel helix‐free ferroelectric liquid crystals developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute are characterized with the spatial deformation of smectic layers and soliton mechanism of director reorientation and show fastest electro‐optical response at lowest control voltage. The conditions are studied to increase the frequency interval of hysteresis‐free modulation (was extended to 6 kHz) and the temperature interval, in which the response time is practically constant (it is from 12 to 52 °C now). These FLC materials are very promise for future Field Sequential Color and 3D displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐eye, high‐resolution displays for virtual‐reality are attracting much attention. Measured in terms of pixels‐per‐inch (PPI), a minimum resolution density of 2000 is required to suppress the screen‐door effect. Fast‐switching, deformed‐helix ferroelectric liquid crystals (DHFLCs) capable of supporting higher than 4000 PPI have been reported [1]. The storage capacitor in the pixel of a liquid‐crystal display (LCD) can be eliminated, when the display is implemented using an FLC with a large dielectric constant. This helps to increase the resolution density of the display without excessive reduction of the aperture ratio (AR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photorefractive effect in photoconductive ferroelectric liquid crystals that contain photoconductive chiral compounds was investigated. Ter-thiophene compounds with chiral structures were chosen as the photoconductive chiral compounds, and they were mixed with an achiral smectic C liquid crystal. The mixtures exhibit the ferroelectric chiral smectic C phase. The photorefractivity of the mixtures was investigated by two-beam coupling experiments. It was found that the ferroelectric liquid crystals containing the photoconductive chiral compound exhibit a large gain coefficient of over 1200 cm-1 and a fast response time of 1 ms. Real-time dynamic amplification of an optical image signal of over 30 fps using the photorefractive ferroelectric liquid crystal was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By recent progress in electrically suppressed helix (ESH) ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) mode, a novel pixel design employing pulse width modulated (PWM) grayscale scheme, focusing on TFT flat panel display applications is proposed. Such design has a 3T1C structure, which is compact enough to preserve reasonable pixel aperture in practice. Incorporating an innovative driving scheme, the proposed architecture successfully demonstrates a fully digital and TFT compatible AMFLC pixel architecture, possessing uniform and continuous grayscale. This invention is essential in obtaining ultra-fast high quality liquid crystal displays, and particularly useful for field-sequential-color direct-view flat-panel display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of novel photoaligned fast ferroelectric LCD based on Deformed Helix Ferroelectric (DHF) and Electrically Suppressed Helix (ESH) mode is discussed. A fast response time and a high contrast ratio in ESH mode was observed. These modes can be successfully used for new FLC applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most active-matrix FLC (AMFLC) devices were mainly realized in the form of LCOS display rather than in the TFT platform. This is because FLC devices normally require higher power and current to drive due to the larger pixel capacitance inhering from the small cell gap. Difficulty in generating grayscale also poses great challenge in commercializing AMFLC. We proposed a new TFT pixel design incorporating ESH FLC mode and BGTFT that successfully demonstrated AMFLC display with grayscale while preserving FLC's fast switching property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of the speckle reduction due to using the electro-optical cell with helix-free Ferroelectric LC are presented in comparison with the earlier results, when helix FLC was used. The mechanism is based on the electrically controlled formation of small-scale random-distributed gradients of the refraction index in FLC layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of novel photoaligned fast ferroelectric LCD based on Deformed Helix Ferroelectric (DHF) and Electrically Suppressed Helix (ESH) mode is discussed. A high quality dark state of DHF FLCD has been obtained as well as V-shape switching with a high frequency. A fast response time and a high contrast ratio in ESH mode was observed. The applications in Field Sequential Color (FSC) and 3D LCD are envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Time of Flight based 3D imaging system incorporates adaptive structured illumination using holographic projection via a phase-modulating ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator. It demonstrates high optical signal to noise ratio and low optical cross-talk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]