Search

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents results of the project "Territorial public policy in Medellín, actors, resources and opportunities. The public policies of forced displacement, and sexual and gender diversity". It proposes a reading of collective actions of the victim population in Medellín, regarding with territorial public policy in attention to victims. So it continues with a research agenda on these two issues and their relationships: the collective actions of the victims and territorial public policies in Medellín and Antioquia. In this text is developed a general context of the public policy of attention to the victims and a little history of the forced displacement policy. Also makes an approach to the collective actions of the victims in the territorial public policy, briefly discusses what happens from national policies to the territories, the relation expressed in the decentralization and territorial approaches. This paper ends with some considerations on the relationship at Medellín between collective action and public policy for the victims of the armed conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the concept of imagined water communities elaborated by Benedict Anderson (1983) in this paper, we have studied cases about originary communities that have developed identity processes and collective legitimacy forms through the ownership and property of water resources. Through this perspective it was possible to identify how communities located within the State of Mexico territory have gained power and have had empowerment of water resources. These communities have also gained other capabilities such as control, management, access and the collection of water users payment for the drinking water service they receive. Through imagined communities perspective it also helps to identify identity processes and legitimacy processes within originary communities. This paper concludes that access, operation and management of the drinking water supply service by water committees is useful to built water communities that become active participants in the relationship State-nature. This paper was elaborated with information obtained from interviews carried out in 2008, 2009 and 2010 in three communities from the State of Mexico. These communities share similar characteristics in terms of their water management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a discrepancy concerning resilience. International institutions such as ISDR try to promote resilience as a notion useful for preventing disasters. And some searchers, mainly coming from ecology, such as Resilience Alliance group, found the notion relevant enough to promote it as a brand for their studies on disaster prevention. Yet, the second part of the paper will verify how other searchers are still not convinced by the relevance of the notion. Territorial managers are reluctant as well, in line with the poor number of policies trying to bring resilience to reality, be it in Columbia or in France. How can we make sense of this discrepancy? The paper will stress on various political, institutional and cultural conditionings hidden behind the notion. It will also enlighten the contradictions embedded within the notion, because resilience, as disaster, depends on the scales and the actors the analysis relies on first. Which resilience to whom and at what scale? These are critical questions that should be addressed in order to give sense to these contradictions. Resilience has no absolute meaning. However, it helps identifying trends towards future disasters. This is one of the main reasons why it may be found useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to integrate mobility as across component of the management of specific public actions. The case of study concerns the public health services in Argentina, and mother's mobility conditions in the suburban of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. In terms of methodology, the paper working on the concept of access trying to identify, measure and evaluate the relationship between mobility conditions and maternal health care. Access is weighted according to the realization of health services, and not according to the arrival at the places where they are offers. The result is innovative empirical evidence, useful as an indicator to make more relevant the role of mobility within the public agenda of transport and others specific sectors, asa basic social right behind the access that requires coordinated actions and cross-sectoral approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quarters in the periphery of the Brazilian cities represent a formation relatively homogeneous, especilally the quarters of less evolved cities. The quarters in the periphery generally are situated in hilly localities; in the principal streets and avenues are found the best residences and business houses (stores). The structural services are very deficient in this quarters. The maintenance generally is bad and there aren't big stores. The commerce is replaced by little shops and similars. These little stores normally sell unique pieces and the people buy all days bread and milk, furthermore other basic products of nutrition. In the quarters of the periphery normally are living families with small wage, in their little space of living they have a way of life similar and they find themselves in front of calamities similars with a restrict family budget and un unsatisfactory situation of the quarter. The poverty, the illitralism, the undernourishment, the unemployment, low wages and the very bad residence conditions, which characterise the community living in the periphery quarters, represent at least the conditions of life of this population. The social conditions of the inhabitants of these periphery quarters and also the bad infrastructure of these quarters had been and are the motivation to organise the population in Associations of the Quarter. As a principal purpose these associations will improve the conditions of life and habitation of the population of these quarters. This paper is trying to analyse the mutual characteristics of the periphery quarter inhabitants of Brazilian cities. This way the paper will study the organization of the inhabitants by means of the Associations of the Quarter, which are created as a response of the fight of the population with low wage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper shows some preliminary results and reflections generated in the research that is carry out in the Master in Urban Management at Piloto University of Colombia, it is about the metropolitan relationships between Bogotá and Soacha, under the residential segregation phenomenon and daily population mobility; specifically it discusses the implications generated by the macro-project 'Ciudad Verde' (Green City), in this sense, it studies if the project execution has repercussions and implications for their inhabitants. The discussion leads to the next question: Whether the development of a housing macro-project as Green City would generate residential segregation? In that sense, the results describe some relevant findings and suggest that in terms of mobility conditions, there is a serious deterioration due to the impact in the reduced family budget, which implies an over cost due to the need of using more than one transportation mean, as well as higher travel time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a first approach to a state of the art on public space in Colombia. For this purpose, this article analyze the production of research groups from several universities and institutions, both, public and private. The reviewed studies are organized from the spatial, social, historical and educational perspectives and analyzed from their influence on the urban management. Finally, it is proposed to continue the traking of the development of research on the field in order to fill the gap between research and urban decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with recommendations of the International Energy Agency, Argentina has recently made energy efficiency a national priority. Buenos Aires is committed to various international programs to rationalize the use of energy and tackle growing Climate Change challenges. Initiatives to modify the terms and conditions of energy supply and consumption are appearing at different scales, revealing the precariousness and vulnerability of the whole system. Thus, this paper sheds light on the main drawbacks of Argentine Energy Model and it presents some of the changes taking place regarding these issues. It focuses on strategies and measures promoted to prepare Buenos Aires metropolitan region for critical situations. In general initiatives are implemented individually and they result insufficient to meet the challenges. The continuity of Argentine Energy Model based on the intensive use of fossil fuels that serve infrastructure functioning near its maximum capacity and territories not prepared for potential crises, could explain metropolitan energy system vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the assessment that inhabitants of some Colombian cities did on the conditions that contribute to the livability of public space. Seven hundred and forty people, inhabitants of Yopal, Villavicencio, Valledupar, Popayán, Pereira, Pasto, Neiva, Montería, Medellín, Fusagasugá, Cúcuta, Cartagena, Cali and Bogotá participated in the study. The assessment of the conditions that contribute to the livability of public space was carried out using an instrument composed of 48 items that inquired about the level of contribution that can have different conditions on the quality of public space, from a scale five points ranging from: Does not contribute at all (-2) to: Contribute significantly (+2). The results show the conditions that most affect the habitability of public space in Colombia, as well as the differences between cities according to the assessment made by participants about the general state of public space in cities. Multidimensional analysis (SSA) evidence a structure that reflects the function that public space plays in people's assessment on Colombian cities. It is discussed the implications of the findings for urban planning and management and the designed instrument is proposed as a tool to assess the quality of urban public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an approach to the relationship between land use planning and socioeconomic residential segregation, from the location of social housing in Medellin, Colombia, during the period 2006-2011. The first part introduces the land use regulations regarding the location of social housing, identifying ambiguities in the current spatial plan. Next, we present the intersection of regulatory information and the location of the projects that were under construction during the study period, highlighting the need to consider the location as an important characteristic of social housing and residential segregation as a phenomenon that must be recognized and worked on land use planning in our cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste issue has acquired a growing importance into urban management discussions, particularly in metropolitan areas. Although metropolitan regions were created for integrating public functions of common interest, it appears that the structures, in general, are limited to planning activities. In this context, the democratization process occurred in Brazil during 1980's led to the strengthening of inter-municipal arrangements of voluntary cooperation, acquiring great expressiveness in metropolitan areas, responsible for 60% of waste generated in Brazil. However, despite the consortia emergence as an alternative management of metropolitan territory, its process of setting up and operation is not free of challenges and dilemmas. This paper starts with the hypothesis that inter-municipal consortia in metropolitan areas have high strength asymmetry and weak regional identity among municipalities, conditions that tend to create barriers to its concretization. In this context, this research aims to develop a comparative study of inter-municipal arrangements for solid waste management in the metropolitan areas of Curitiba (pr), Belo Horizonte (bh) and Salvador (ba), by identifying influence degree of regional identity and strength asymmetry in these arrangements. The multiple case study reveals an inverse proportionality relationship between regional identity and strength asymmetry among the municipalities, deeply influenced by political interinstitutional arrangement and the metropolitan area in which they are is inserted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reveals the immigration networks in the configuration of three informal settlements around Río de Oro in the urban sector of the municipality of Girón, Santander (Colombia). The study distinguishes the importance of bearing in mind the socio-natural basis at planning of the city and, at the same time, it shows the need to study the dynamics of migration to high flood risk areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text studies the shared meanings inside an emerging social mobilization for the defence of water at the Cuenca de México (CM). This work stems from a doctoral research on such a mobilization's recent developments (2005-2009) and its potential social reflexive influence. The shared meanings analysis applied here serves on one hand to identify and rank the mobilization's main ideas and proposals. On the other hand, this paper assesses the mobilization's critical and constructive input to the present political and social order at the CM region. Indeed, the mobilization's recent development is indicating that water's social action and organization are growing at the CM, and that social conflict and unrest against the water's ruling definitions and uses are increasing too. This text is divided in three sections: first, a case study presented with central theoretical and methodological considerations; second, the mobilization's shared meanings analysis and main results, and third, some conclusions about the mobilization's main challenges and how its potential social reflexive influence is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the socio-political and territorial dynamics in the implementation of new interventions at the local field. In terms of citizen participation and decentralization, various local initiatives are considered in three districts in the metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Moron and San Miguel). It thus seeks to explain the specific territorial and institutional differences into the processes of construction and reproduction of local political order in each case and into the dynamics and outcomes of these public interventions developed in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical-conceptual approach to residential mobility, in general, and residential trajectories, in particular. It seeks to understand how from the unequal distribution and appropriation of social resources -both material and symbolic- different trajectories are developed and how socio-territorial structures constrain, shape and enable interactions between families, their members and the various contexts of action towards meeting their housing needs. From sociological contributions of different traditions, we present a scheme that pays attention to articulating the relationship between structural factors, position in social structure and decisions relating to changes of residence. We conclude that mobility patterns are relational patterns that are defined in dialogue with the opportunities and limitations that are set up around the housing stock and new or vacant land, the land market dynamics and housing, the labor market, the provision of infrastructure services and social facilities, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work gives us a screenshot on two concepts very studied at the present: the rural territorial development and efficiency (as the key to competitiveness) and propose to give visibility to the relation between these two aspects, emphasizing the role of efficiency in order to confer strengthen to initiated development process. To approach these subjects, as a first instance this article describes the establishment of the milky goatish basin, historical process where several activities and micro processes do not emerge neither from preestablished mechanisms nor connected between local actors, but rather support the idea that the the territory it is produced by the coordinated/uncoordinated actions of all local actors. To conclude this section it is shown that the case studied has laid the preconditions for strengthening the process of development. In these way it can be cited an strong identity, a dynamic market that lack a deeper knowledge but is there, alliances that although they were very defined in their actions -as well as the time- were generating an attitude and an accumulation of social capital towards the valuation of the specificities of the territory. To continue this paper analyzes the second concept, efficiency, is addressed through case studies and examples for each of the main links in the chain: the milking, industrialization and marketing. As a conclusion is raised that to devise strategies appointed to strengthen an initiated territorial development, as a first step, all involved actors should have all possible information and knowledge about the production process. This would help to each step in the process of resolving their inefficiencies, which are usually transferred the rest of the production complex. Finally, it leaves open the question of who is in charge of inefficiencies in the sector and how it is assumed that cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By the middle of the eighties, the traditional mechanisms of international cooperation started to show some symptoms of exhaustion, generalizing a perception about the weaknesses of such mechanisms to improve the living conditions of the population. At the same time, the greater involvement of sub-national governments in international relationships and the revaluation of local communities in the development strategies fueled the need of thinking in new traditional perspectives of international cooperation. It is in this context that decentralized cooperation emerges as an approach that reclaims the active role of cities and their communities in the international cooperation system, not as simple beneficiaries but as leading actors of initiatives. The European Commission has been pioneer in the design and implementation of specific resource allocation and of decentralized cooperation programs. Among these programs, URB-AL offers the possibility of developing joint initiatives between cities and regions of Latin America and Europe on key issues relative to urban policies. The purpose of this paper is to present URB-AL from a methodology that combines a descriptive analysis of the Program with an approach that takes contextual elements which took part in the program's design and formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to show that in the border region of the Tachira State (Venezuela) with the North of Santander Department (Columbia) it has appeared manifestations of subnationalism that could be considered a base to build ideas of autonomy or "regionalism", even if the State has kept its power of cohesion and territorial integrity. It refers to feelings of exclusion that come from their respective centres of power, that have allowed the formation of blocks of regional power that use the regional or border "particularity" to obtain political and economic objectives, difficult to achieve otherwise. It assumes the role of the state as a guarantor of the territorial and population integrity, with the objective of exemplifying with this frontier region the problems that the States of the Andean sub-region confront to keep their population and territory cohesive and integrated, using basically ideological, rather than economic and social instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the impact that globalization has generated on territories, the productive reconstruction and spatial adjustments issue has been one of the most debated theme by economists and geographers in the nineties. In this respect, numerous proposals from an ample group of schools of thought in economy and economic geography have been made, some of which have been applied to the interpretation of the industry's spatial behavior. This paper makes a survey of the subject at issue, considering the contribution that in their understanding the theories have been provided to the growth and economic geography, as well as the approaches that examine it from the firm's organization of the Local Productive Systems. Specifically, some ideas and contributions are examined in this respect that have been made from the Latinamerican environment research approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the start of production in the Cusiana and Cupiagua oil fields, the "piedemonte llanero" region became Colombia's principal oil producer. This article evaluates the population impact of production in Casanare using the data available in censuses and data gathered in a 1996 survey on spatial mobility in the cities of Yopal, Aguazul and Tauramena. The article analyses three aspects: the demographic dynamics of these three cities, the features of migration flows and the process of migrant labor insertion. An innovative survey design allows for the study of residential and labor practices among the inhabitants of the region. With this analysis the paper should contribute to a better understanding of the transformations of these cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approach to local economic development proposed in this paper differs dramatically from the common practice of establishing patterns of presumed universal validity. Rather than proposing generalizations, this approach contrasts national ,experiences and tries to identify major options and dilemmas which define each particular experience. Absolute distinctions made by theory are not confirmed on local economic development practice, in which concepts and strategies erroneously considered to be incomparable seem to mix. The state of the art tends to indicate that simple recipes and formulas are not recommendable. Knowledge of local history, culture, institutions and idiosyncrasy could help to solve those dilemmas of local economic development which are indeed universal: the dilemmas of territorial competence, of private and public responsibilities, and of new sociospatial imbalances and ways of intervening in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)