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Objectives: To determine and compare vitamin D status in chronic hepatitis C patients and normal healthy matching controls. Study Design: A case control study. Setting: A private clinic of Peshawar. Period: 1st November 2015 to 31st January 2016. Material & Methods: Fifty clinically normal young adults and fifty non cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients were included in the study. Vitamin D was determined by electro chemiluminescence. Student t test was used to analyze the data in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.68+ 5. Vitamin D deficiency was divided into three categories. 21% of the study population had severe vitamin D deficiency, 33% had mild to moderate deficiency and 46% of the study population had normal levels. Females population were more vitamin D deficient as compared to males (p-value

Objectives: To determine whether serum vitamin D levels are correlated with serum levels of alkaline phosphatase or not? Study Design: Case control cross sectional study. Setting: Gastroenterology unit of private teaching hospital in Peshawar. Period: From November 2015-Januaray 2016. Material and Methods: 100 participants meeting the criteria were included in the study. Fifty clinically normal young adults and fifty were non cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken from all the study participants and serum vitamin D levels were determined by Electro-chemiluminescence binding assay (ECLIA) and serum alkaline phosphatase was determined by Photometric Kinetics. Results: patients were divided into two groups on the basis of gender i.e.25 males and 25 females. A correlation between vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Alkaline phosphatase was raised in the non cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients. Pearson correlation was applied to find out the relation between vitamin D levels and alkaline phosphatase in the two groups which had a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.01. A positive correlation between alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone was found with a p value of

To compare HBV DNA values in HBeAg positive and negative female patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B of child bearing age. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Hospitals attached to Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar after taking ethical approval from the institution’s ethical board. Period: October 2014 to March 2015. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 100 chronic hepatitis B females of child bearing age. Quantitative HBeAg was done by ELISA and HBV DNA values were estimated by PCR. The data obtained was statistically analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 and statistical significance between the variables was calculated using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age of the sample was 28.69±6.83 years. A positive correlation (p=0.000) was found in HBeAg positive status and younger age group females (17-30). 84 cases were HBeAg negative but 42/84 had high levels of circulating Hepatitis B virus (2000 IU/ml). Conclusion: The present study established a positive association between HBeAg positive status and high HBV DNA values. However a statistically positive association was observed between HBeAg negative patients and high HBV DNA values (HBV DNA ≥2000IU/ml). Objective: To compare HBV DNA values in HBeAg positive and negative female patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B of child bearing age. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 in Hospitals attached to Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar after taking ethical approval from the institution’s ethical board. Blood samples were collected from 100 chronic hepatitis B females of child bearing age. Quantitative HBeAg was done by ELISA and HBV DNA values were estimated by PCR. The data obtained was statistically analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 and statistical significance between the variables was calculated using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age of the sample was 28.69±6.83 years. A positive correlation (p=0.000) was found in HBeAg positive status and younger age group females (17-30). 84 cases were HBeAg negative but 42/84 had high levels of circulating Hepatitis B virus (2000 IU/ml). Conclusion: The present study established a positive association between HBeAg positive status and high HBV DNA values. However a statistically positive association was observed between HBeAg negative patients and high HBV DNA values (HBV DNA ≥2000IU/ml). Key Words: Hepatitis B virus, HBeAg, HBV DNA