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Background: Most chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and other adoptive T-cell therapies (ACTs) are currently manufactured by ex vivo expansion of patient lymphocytes in culture media supplemented with human plasma from group AB donors. As lymphocytes do not express A or B antigens, the isoagglutinins of non-AB plasmas are unlikely to cause deleterious effects on lymphocytes in culture.Study Design and Methods: Seeding cultures with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) concentrates from group A1 donors and using a CAR-T culture protocol, parallel cultures were performed, each with unique donor plasmas as media supplements (including group O plasmas with high-titer anti-A and group AB plasmas as control). An additional variable, a 3% group A1 red blood cell (RBC) spike, was added to simulate a RBC-contaminated PBMNC collection. Cultures were monitored by cell count, viability, flow cytometric phenotype, gene expression analysis, and supernatant chemokine analysis.Results: There was no difference in lymphocyte expansion or phenotype when cultured with AB plasma or O plasma with high-titer anti-A. Compared to controls, the presence of contaminating RBCs in lymphocyte culture led to poor lymphocyte expansion and a less desirable phenotype-irrespective of the isoagglutinin titer of the plasma supplement used.Conclusions: This study suggests that ABO incompatible plasma may be used as a media supplement when culturing cell types that do not express ABO antigens-such as lymphocytes for CAR-T or other ACT. The presence of contaminating RBCs in culture was disadvantageous independent of isoagglutinin titer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation options for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are currently under investigation. Patients with SCD have a high rate of alloimmunization to red blood cell antigens, often complicating transfusion support. Transfusion reactions, including acute and delayed hemolytic reactions, have been observed despite immunosuppressive regimens. Allogeneic donor transplants have been shown to carry a risk of prolonged reticulocytopenia and acute hemolysis with severe anemia in nonmyeloablative regimens. We discuss our experience providing transfusion support to patients with SCD undergoing HPC transplantation, propose an outline for a complete pretransplantation evaluation, and discuss donor/recipient compatibility issues and their implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The test aliquot and subsequent transplanted HPC-A aliquots thawed without issue, meeting all quality control parameters. A 73-year-old male with IgG-lambda multiple myeloma, treated with Bortezomib, Dexamethasone, and Revlimid, presented after mobilization with Filgrastim to donate hematopoietic progenitor cells by apheresis (HPC-A) in preparation for autologous stem cell transplantation.1,2 The patient's baseline coagulation tests, serum protein electrophoresis, and quantitative immunoglobulin panel were unremarkable. [Extracted from the article]

A case study is presented of a 36-year-old woman with relapsed leukemia and severe neutropenia. She received acetaminophen and diphenhydramine, with one single-donor platelet unit followed by a red blood cell (RBC); after second unit of RBC patient developed rigors with temperature, tachycardia, and hypotension, further delayed presentation of septic transfusion reaction incidence was identified in the paitent.

B. Extensive bone marrow necrosis evident on histological sections taken from the autopsy gl Marrow sections from autopsy showed ill-defined necrotic cells with amorphous eosinophilic necrotic debris (Figure 1(B)), consistent with marrow necrosis. Bone marrow necrosis and fat embolism syndrome in sickle cell disease: Increased susceptibility of patients with non-SS genotypes and a possible association with human parvovirus B19 infection. Fat embolism syndrome secondary to bone marrow necrosis in patients with hemoglobinopathies. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has a variable clinical course with significant mortality. Early reports suggested higher rates of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with type A blood and enrichment of type A individuals among COVID‐19 mortalities. Study Design and Methods: The study includes all patients hospitalized or with an emergency department (ED) visit who were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 between March 10, 2020 and June 8, 2020 and had a positive test result by nucleic acid test (NAT) performed on a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. A total of 4968 patients met the study inclusion criteria, with a subsequent 23.1% (n = 1146/4968) all‐cause mortality rate in the study cohort. To estimate overall risk by ABO type and account for the competing risks of in‐hospital mortality and discharge, we calculated the cumulative incidence function (CIF) for each event. Cause‐specific hazard ratios (csHRs) for in‐hospital mortality and discharge were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Type A blood was associated with the increased cause‐specific hazard of death among COVID‐19 patients compared to type O (HR = 1.17, 1.02–1.33, p =.02) and type B (HR = 1.32,1.10–1.58, p =.003). Conclusions: Our study shows that ABO histo‐blood group type is associated with the risk of in‐hospital death in COVID‐19 patients, warranting additional inquiry. Elucidating the mechanism behind this association may reveal insights into the susceptibility and/or immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]