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This paper invites an exercise of ontological reflection on Franz Hinkelammert's theoretical proposal. For this aim, it exposes some conceptual implications of his idea of subject and tries to show how, from it, ethics, epistemology and politics are organized in his work. Although Hinkelammert does not explicitly address an ontology in his writings, the review of his theoretical corpus based on a set of questions linked to the reflection of the ontological level allows us to suggest this dimension or aspect of his thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper aims to understand the close relationship between ethics and aesthetics in the work of Michel Foucault (1926-1984). It is about making the commitment to make your own life a work of art. In the first place, the notion of art of living as an influence of the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) will be examined; in the second place, its first positions around a hermeneutic of self will be analyzed; in third place, the transition from self-knowledge practices to self-care in the Greco-Roman tradition will be reviewed; and finally, it will be exposed how the ethical mandate of care for the self takes the form of parrhesia, based on Kant's critical philosophy and its consequences for contemporary ethical reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical-scientific progress has brought a keener awareness that the most powerful transformations affecting the citizen in the 21st century provide new forms of dwelling, reinventing the sense of relationship, questioning democracy based on questions and dimensions which coessential to it, highlighting particularly human rights, civic participation, and freedom of speech. This paper intends to reflect on some assumptions, consequences and challenges facing democracy and human rights in an era experiencing unprecedented technological development. We will first focus on the concept of technopolis and then revisit the Principle of Responsibility of Hans Jonas, identifying the ethical assumptions that serve to address a technological civilization. Thirdly, we intend to identify some of the challenges information and communication technologies pose to the common citizen, highlighting difficulties and identifying the frailties that the path of scientific and technological progress has not been able to resolve, despite all the speeches and expectations. The construction of a truly inclusive information society for all the citizens of the City-World, a society that can banish the digital divide or, at least, narrow the gap separating the technologically more advanced countries from others, safeguarding privacy and the promotion of civic participation in all spheres that affect individuals in a globalised world, are fundamental issues that need to be addressed within human rights. The paper ends with a reflection on human rights in a technological society, a networked society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first Roman iurisconsults, there are repeated references about ethics and such is so, there are currently such deep and creative works around ethics by authors such as Coutore, Calamendari, Ossorio, Smith, Habermas, Apel, Hart, Aramburo and Machado, Fernández Bulté and this just to mention some who have treated the issue from the philosophy of law. Much paper, ink and pen has been used from Plato until today, through ethics, to elucidate when human behavior is good, correct, that is mandatory or that is allowed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Corporate Social Responsibility has been inclined to a business viewpoint that has transformed it into an instrument. Consequently, Corporate Social Responsibility seems to be a management style that might be disposable. In response, this article proposes a wider notion about Organizational Social Responsibility and its main objective is the statement of the relationship between Organizational Social Responsibility and morality. That means, to recognize Social Responsibility as an unavoidable part of human behavior foundations. To get so, this paper is fourfold: Organizational Social Responsibility concept, its ethical foundations, its relationship with values and private earnings and the necessity of an Organizational Social Responsibility promoted by the government in instead of being strictly voluntary developed. The main conclusion sets that Organizational Social Responsibility is always presented both in human behavior and organizational facts, therefore, it is not an optional choice. At the end of the work, suggestions for new research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his early work Kritik der Sogenannten Praktischen Erkenntnis. Zugleich Prolegomena zu Einer Kritik der Rechtswissenschaft the eminent Danish legal philosopher Alf Ross intended to provide the philosophical foundations for the construction of his theory of law. The central element of these foundations is his critique of practical reason (practical cognition). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate this critique. It is argued that in his analysis Ross oscillates between two different understandings of practical reason. According to the first one, practical reason is a special capacity to cognize and establish the objectively existing moral norms (values, or ends); according to the second one, it is a special capacity just to cognize the objectively existing moral norms (values, or ends). It is argued that his most interesting and plausible arguments (pointing at logical inconsistencies) against practical reason apply only to the former understanding thereof, not to the latter. Accordingly, his work fails to provide conclusive reasons for rejecting the concept of practical reason as a special capacity for the cognition of the objectively existing moral norms (values, or ends). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to delve into aspects of Arturo Roig's philosophical proposal in order to analyze one of the most novel collective action phenomena in recent times: highway barriers, a fighting tool used by the unemployed workers in Argentina between 1995 and 2005. These highway barriers can be linked to other historical ways of demanding recognition and dignity, repeated throughout the history of the Latin American continent. Within the context of Arturo Roig's social ideas, these practices can be interpreted as an exercise of continuous "beginnings and re-beginnings" for a practical, situated and critical philosophizing that would belong to Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the work of the recently deceased philosopher, Arturo Roig, from the perspective of Latin American humanism, a trend of critical thought strongly present in Latin America. The core of Roig's theoretical proposal is expressed as the problem of the subject or, as he preferred to call it, of subjectivity. After a brief section that separates the philosopher's works into periods, the article reviews Roig's contributions on this theme in the different fields he explored: his methodological proposals for reading Latin American texts, his concept of the history of ideas as a reconstruction for the American subject's itinerary, the anthropological a priori as a theoretical and heuristic tool of philosophy in Latin America and, finally, his developments in the ethical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the possibility of transition from revolution, a moment of extreme social violence, toward organized resistance on a permanent basis in dissident group environments against the "totality" that confines them to a status of passive dependence. Against the fetishization of the revolution in the speeches of Stalin or Mussolini, this paper counters with some arguments by Nietzsche, Arendt, Jean-Luc Nancy and Derrida in order to propose an imaginary resistance movement, such as disarmament and displacement of the repressive totality that speaks with revolutionary words. The argument takes on a Latin American bias by incorporating the thesis of Jose Vasconcelos in the discussion. In the end, based on the Hegelian recovery of Sittlichkeit by Charles Taylor, a "we" is proposed as an actor in an interstitial political resistance that is neither cyclical, proactive and imaginary nor passive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Michel Foucault left us with an implicit reflection about the meaning of the work of the "master of life," just as antique philosophy (Greco-Roman) practiced and made a problem of it. In Foucault's studies about ancient philosophy, which will soon be available as a whole in a written edition, this figure of the "master of life" could be emphasized if it were contrasted with the figure of the "master of truth" as Marcel Detienne studied it, especially referring to the archaic age. The introduction to this work presents the general framework within which Foucault performed his research on ancient philosophy. The first part summarizes what is considered Michel Foucault's fundamental contribution, emphasizing what "ethics of the word" mean and how a "master of life" possesses this. For this purpose, the study is supported especially by the rigorous analysis Foucault made of the notion of parrhesia. Based on this, the second part of the study postulates that the meaning of the ethical role fulfilled by the problematization made by ancient philosophy related to the figure of the "master of life," is fulfilled not only in its limited historical dimension, that is to say, in the age of antique philosophy. That meaning also allows us to ask ourselves critically about our own condition as university educators in the world we live in at the beginnings of the twenty first century. For this reason, this paper's intention is to demonstrate that authentic academic life demands the ethic of the word. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though Patočka never acheived a critique of the political limits of Husserl's and Heidegger's philosophies, he did clearly set the limits of those philosophies, limits after which the phenomenological philosophy of Patocka adopts a new dimension. En this paper we argue that vis-a-vis Husserl's and Heidegger's limitations, it is indeed possible to find in Patoĉka solid elements upon which to achieve a political and social philosophy in the strongest sense of the word -- and therefore, also an ethic-, that can contribute significantly to Latin America thought in a phenomenological sense, as well as the ongoing development of the contemporary world. Patočka's idea of philosophy represents a meaningful advance in phenomenological philosophy, and allows us to distance ourselves from idealism --whether transcendental or ontological--. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author presents a critical, philosophical, ethical and epistemological vision of architecture as a scientific and humanistic discipline. In this context, architecture is synonymous with i) a symbolic, conceptual and aesthetic representation of reality; and ii) an ethical commitment to the defense and protection of biotic and ecological interactions between nature and human progress. For whom and for what purpose are two questions to be answered in relation to the means and ends that convert architecture into an interpretive and constructive knowledge of the habitat of human life from the historical, social, environmental and political perspective in which human beings actively participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we probe the ethical response of Emmanel Lévinas from the perspective of specific suffering that social relations impose on the majority of humanity. We analyze the elements of his ethic which allows us to "read" the injustices and dis-equalities that are caused by avoidable human suffering, by following Levinas and his ethical posture in relation to "socially constructed human suffering." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to center our thoughts in the metaphysics and ethics of Hegel's works, pointing out the relationship between the subject, the law and history. This theme arises from an interest in the text on Phenomenology found in the Prologue, number 11.1, entitled "The concept of the absolute as a concept of the subject". Our interpretation and analysis of this theme in the works of Hegel are clearly found in the context of crisis in modern thought and are declared to be the objective of metaphysics. Hegel has been identified as the major exponent of both concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The works of Argentine Arturo Andres Roig not only constitute one of the best developed examples of Latin American philosophy, but is also an important transformation to common philosophical themes. This paper explains three essential points. One is the transformation of the subject and its role in collective society, a transference in which Roig maintains a middle position between idealism and determinism. Two is the moral call to emergence, a concept to which Roig attributes the constructive force function to the subordinate classes of society. And three, the auto-positioning of philosophy which in Roig's transformation mode is not only a contemplative transfer mode, but must actively participate in the positive transformation of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]