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The article states that the value of the Hong Kong, China, dollar recorded its most significant drop against the U.S. dollar in over a dozen years on January 14, 2016.

The article discusses comments made by Chinese bureau the Central Leading Group on Financial and Economic Affairs Han Jun in New York City on January 11, 2016, in which he indicated that wagers against the Chinese currency would be unsuccessful.

The article discusses challenges facing financial services Oppenheimer Developing Markets Fund portfolio manager Justin Levernez in 2016.

The article discusses apparent reluctance among central banks in several emerging markets to follow the lead of the U.S. central bank the Federal Reserve (Fed), which was expected to raise interest rates on December 16, 2015.

The article states that the Chinese central bank the People's Bank of China (PBOC) indicated on December 11, 2015, its intention to alter its management of the Chinese currency the yuan by potentially easing its connection with the U.S. dollar. According to the article, the PBOC claimed that the yuan's exchange rate would be better measured against a bundle of various currencies.

The article discusses the negative impact of the rise of the U.S. dollar and falling oil prices on the Ecuadorian economy as of the end of November 2015. According to the article, the adoption of U.S. currency as legal tender helped control inflation in 2000, but Ecuador had billions of dollars in debt with bonds due in 2020, 2024, and 2025. The article presents comments from emerging-market manager Gramercy Funds Management head of sovereign research Sarah Glendon.

The article states that hedge fund firms such as Tudor Investment Corp. and D.E. Shaw & Co. were investing heavily in the sugar industry as a result of a significant increase in raw-sugar futures prices as of early November 2015. According to the article, September 2015 saw a record-setting volume of futures-trading and bets by money managers hit a two-year high in November 2015.

The article discusses success for fund managers who invested in bonds issued by Latin American oil companies, Ukrainian banks, and Chinese real-estate development firms, which were among the best-performing assets in emerging markets during 2015. It also discusses factors that could slow emerging markets such the sluggish Chinese economy, decreased commodity prices, and a potential increase of interest rates by the U.S. central bank the Federal Reserve. The article presents comments from financial services firm DuPont Capital Emerging Markets Debt fund portfolio manager Yong Zhu.

The article discusses economic conditions in China as of mid-October 2015 and states that the Chinese government reported that China's economy expanded at a 6.9 percent annual rate during the third quarter of 2015 and that the services sector expanded 8.4 percent, while a report on China's gross domestic product (GDP) suggested a slowdown in the Chinese economy. The article presents comments from the firm the Peterson Institute for International Economics senior fellow Nicholas Lardy.

The article discusses investor retreat from risk in the issuance of bonds by emerging-market nations exemplified by an early October 2015 agreement by Ghana to pay 10.75 percent annually in order to sell $1 billion of 15-year bonds. According to the article, Ghana cut its offering size by one-third, increased interest payments, and received a guarantee from the organization the World Bank for $400 million of the debt. The article discusses the impact of commodity price declines and the sluggish Chinese economy on emerging markets.

The article discusses worries among investors concerning a slump in commodities that could cause defaults on emerging-market corporate bonds as of early October 2015, particularly if the U.S. central bank the Federal Reserve raises interest rates. According to the article, the benchmark indicator the J.P. Morgan Corporate Emerging Markets Bond Index declined during the latter half of 2015, and the organization the International Monetary Fund (IMF) indicated that the corporate debt of nonfinancial firms in emerging-market economies rose to $18 trillion at the end of 2014.

The article states that the Brazilian currency the real hit its lowest mark against the U.S. dollar on September 22, 2015. According to the article, the real had lost 35 percent of its value against the U.S. dollar in 2015. The article also cites the firm the Depository Trust & Clearing Corp. to state that trading in credit default swaps that would gain if Brazil defaulted on its public debts rose. The article also states that the Brazilian central bank had raised interest rates five times as of September 22.

The article states the currencies in several emerging markets such as Turkey, South Africa, and Malaysia dropped significantly against the U.S. dollar and investor bets that Brazil and South Africa would default on their debt reached their highest levels ahead of a scheduled mid-September meeting of the U.S. central bank the Federal Reserve (Fed) and amid the possibility that the Fed will raise short-term interest rates for the first time since 2006. The article discusses economic imbalances in Turkey and Brazil and the likelihood of a financial crisis.

The article states that many global investors continued to favor India for investment opportunities despite an outflow of $2.6 billion from Indian stocks pulled by foreign institutional investors in August 2015. The article cites statistics from data provider EPFR Global to state that the average global emerging-market fund raised its India allocation to 10.7 percent at the end of July 2015. The article presents comments from the firm Pictet Asset Management Ltd. senior investment manager Prashant Kothari.

The article states that the U.S. government agency the Justice Department and the New York State agency the Department of Financial Services (DFS) were investigating allegations of collusion among bank traders to bolster profits by decreasing prices at U.S. government debt auctions as of early September 2015. The article presents comments from University of Houston professor in finance Craig Pirrong.

The article states that investors were increasingly purchasing Chinese stocks as of September 2015 despite a 40 percent decline in the stock index the Shanghai Composite Index from June 12, 2015, to early early September 2015. According to the article, investors and portfolio managers were purchasing stock in firms such as China Mobile Ltd., Alibaba Group Holding Ltd., and Tencent Holdings Ltd. The article presents comments from financial services firm Henderson Global Investors manager Charlie Awdry.

The article states that New York City hedge fund Element Capital Management LLC, led by trader Jeffrey Talpins, purchased tens of billions of dollars of U.S. Treasury debt at auctions between November 2014 and July 2015. According to the article, Element's purchases attracted the attention of the U.S. government agency the Treasury Department because the purchases exceeded Element's $6 billion in assets under management. According to the article, Talpins formerly worked for financial services firms Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Citigroup Inc.

The article discusses various ways in which investors were attempting to make money on the sluggish economic growth of China and its declining stock markets as of the end of August 2015. According to the article, traders were looking into stock, bond, and currency markets outside of China, betting against U.S.-listed shares of Chinese firms or U.S. firms with a large presence in China, and focusing on struggling Chinese banks. The article also examines skepticism about the veracity of economic data from China and the strength of its economy.

The article cites statistics from the measurement the J.P. Morgan GBI-EM Global Diversified index to state that local-currency emerging-market debt had posted a 12.3 percent negative total return as of the end of August 2015. The article also states that emerging-market bonds issued in currencies such as the U.S. dollar and the euro were down by 0.6 percent in 2015. The article presents comments from financial services firm Loomis Sayles & Co. global strategist Esty Dwek.

The article states that traders and investors were wagering that the Chinese currency the yuan would continue to weaken following the August 11, 2015, decision by the Chinese central bank the People's Bank of China (PBOC) to devalue the yuan. According to the article, investors believed that the yuan would weaken by four percent over the next year based upon sluggish economic growth in China and concerns over capital outflow from China. The article presents comments from Chinese premier Li Keqiang.

The article states that the stock index the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 2.1 percent to 16990.69 following trading on August 20, 2015. According to the article, it was the lowest close of 2015 and the largest point decline since 2011. The article points to concerns among investors over the devaluation of Chinese currency and investor outflows in developing countries such as Brazil, Turkey, and Russia, and states that major stock indexes in Europe, Asia, and South America declined on August 20. The article presents comments from the firm CRT Capital Group LLC strategist Peter Lannigan.

The article states that Latin American currencies such as the Colombian peso, the Chilean peso, and the Mexican peso were significantly declining as of mid-August 2015 due to falling commodity prices, slow economic growth in China, and the potential for an increase in the U.S. interest rate by the U.S. central bank the Federal Reserve. The article presents comments from New York bank Standard Chartered Bank foreign-exchange strategist Nick Verdi.

The article states that the devaluation of the Chinese currency the yuan in August 2015 was providing a windfall to investors such as the firms Caxton Associates LLP, Noster Capital LLP, and Omni Partners LLP that bet against the currencies of China's regional trading partners such as Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. The article also discusses how investors attempt to operate in Chinese markets.

The article discusses the impact of the downturn in the Chinese stock markets the Shanghai Composite Index and the Shenzhen Composite Index in 2015 on U.S. listed Chinese technology firms looking to go public on the Chinese stock market such as the Internet security company Qihoo 360 Technology Co. The article also discusses private investment in China. The article presents comments from the financial services firm Bank of China Hong Kong senior researcher Su Jie.

The article discusses the significance of currency weakness and declining levels of emerging-market export growth as of late July 2015. According to the article, exports fell 14.3 percent year over year in the three months through May 2015. The article also discusses a lack of economic growth in the U.S, China, and Europe. It examines a lack of growth in countries such as Brazil and Indonesia. The article presents comments from Indonesian president Joko Widodo.

The article states that data from the organization the International Monetary Fund (IMF) indicates that total foreign-exchange reserves in emerging countries decreased by $222 billion during the first financial quarter of 2015. According to the article, the decline was the largest percentage loss for a quarter since the first quarter of 2009 and revealed a reduction in some countries' abilities to weather drastic economic changes. The article presents comments from financial services firm J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. global head of research Joyce Chang.

The article states that the Chinese stock market the Shanghai Composite lost 6.4 percent and finished at 4478.36 and the Shenzhen stock market finished down 5.9 percent and finished at 2742.18 after trading on June 19, 2015. According to the article, the losses were the heaviest since the global financial crisis of the early 21st century. The article discusses the actions of the central bank the People's Bank of China regarding interest rates. The article presents comments from asset management firm Brandywine Global Investment Management LLC global macroeconomic research co-head Chen Zhao.

The article states that stock index provider MSCI Inc. announced on June 9, 2015, that it expected to add Chinese stocks known as A-shares that are denominated in yuan and listed on the Shanghai or Shenzhen stock exchanges to its Emerging Markets Index. According to the article, MSCI would add China's A-shares when the Chinese government resolves market-access issues and planned to form a working group with the Chinese government agency the China Securities Regulatory Commission. The article presents comments from MSCI managing director Remy Briand.

The article discusses the risks of caution among investors and fund managers concerning Chinese investments. According to the article, many fund managers were not expecting significant gains from China in 2015 and not investing heavily in China despite the performance of the stock indexes the Shanghai Composite Index and the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. The article presents comments from financial entity Fidelity Emerging Fund manager Sammy Simnegar.

The article states that the global economy was characterized by a glut of commodities such as oil, cotton, and iron ore in Spring 2015. According to the article, the situation could result in a depression of prices and create concerns about deflation, and public debt in the U.S., Japan, and Europe limits the ability of governments to spend. The article presents comments from the financial services organization John Hancock Asset Management chief economist Megan Greene.

The article discusses investment opportunities in the Mexican peso as of mid-April 2015, particularly due to the potential of higher U.S. interest rates strengthening the U.S. and Mexican economies. The article examines the strategies of money managers in trading the peso against such currencies as the Australian and Canadian dollars and the South African rand. The article states that the peso had risen 1.5 percent against the U.S. dollar since mid-March 2015.

The article states that investor portfolio managers were selling debt issued by emerging-market companies as of mid-April 2015. According to the article, emerging-market bond prices fell near the end of 2014 due in part to sluggish economies in developing countries. The article discusses emerging-market return as measured by the J.P. Morgan Chase Corporate Emerging Markets Bond Index. The article presents comments from the firm Acadian Asset Management emerging-market debt manager Bryan Carter.

The article discusses opportunity some investors see in the bonds of Brazilian oil company Petróleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras). Ratings firm Moody's Investors Service has downgraded Petrobras' bonds to junk status, and the securities' prices have begun to reflect the possibility that rival ratings companies Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings Inc. could do likewise. Previously investors attracted by the high yields of certain junk bonds have bid up their prices.

The article discusses how large U.S. pension funds are responding to a rise in the U.S. dollar. The California State Teachers Retirement System has confided management of $500 million to two currency funds.The Florida State Board of Administration has increased its investments in currencies.The Connecticut Retirement Plans & Trust Funds has hired two managers to mitigate foreign-currency risk.

The article reports that volatility in currencies, notably the euro and the U.S. dollar, helped currency-oriented hedge funds outperform the average hedge fund during January 2015. Among firms benefiting from heightened volatility were Ortus Capital Management Ltd. and P/E Investments. Volatility began to increase in 2014 when the U.S. Federal Reserve started giving signs it was contemplating a hike in interest rates.

The article discusses the renewed interest of investors in emerging markets and how this alters the financial forecast for developing nations such as India, Indonesia, and Taiwan. Topics include the fluctuation of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, how cheap commodity prices are expected to help emerging markets grow faster than markets in developed countries, and how the strength of the U.S. dollar, decreasing oil prices, and U.S. interest rates could impact emerging markets.

The article discusses expectations among investors in December 2013 that the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) could soon begin scaling back its $85-billion-per-month bond-buying program. The U.S. dollar has gained against the Japanese yen in the belief that action by the Fed will strengthen the dollar. David Seaburg of brokerage firm Cowen & Co. is among those who thinks stock prices have largely adjusted to the Fed's anticipated move.

The article discusses declining prices in 2013 for U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed securities (TIPS). Through November 19 the price of TIPS had fallen 7% for the year. Investors who purchased TIPS in anticipation that the Federal Reserve's $85 billion per-month bond-buying program would cause inflation to rise have been disappointed.

The article discusses developments on October 15, 2013 surrounding U.S. Congressional efforts to end a partial government shutdown and raise the nation's debt limit. House Speaker John Boehner canceled a vote on a bill to achieve both after conservative Republican House members objected to it. Ratings firm Fitch Ratings warned the U.S. was at risk for a credit downgrade. The Treasury Department said that absent legislation, its emergency borrowing powers would soon be exhausted.

The article discusses the impact on credit markets of the U.S. Congress' failure to raise the nation's debt limit as of October 9, 2013. Yields have risen on short-term U.S. Treasury securities, as have rates on repurchase agreements that use Treasury securities as collateral. Some banks and money-market funds have sold Treasury securities they believe could be at risk of default.

The article discusses stock-market results for October 7, 2013. Stock prices in Asia and Europe fell amid concerns about a spending impasse in the U.S. Congress that has produced a partial shutdown of the U.S. government. In the U.S. the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 136.34 points, and the Standard & Poor's 500 index fell 14.38 points.

The article reports that in September 2013 the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) ended its investigation into alleged manipulation of the silver market during 2008 without filing charges. The probe focused on allegations that banking company J. P. Morgan Chase & Co. had been involved in manipulation. CFTC Commissioner Bart Chilton expressed frustration over the outcome.

The article discusses a September 9, 2013 computer malfunction that prevented financial company Goldman Sachs Group Inc. from participating in an auction for three-month U.S. Treasury bills that day. Goldman's order for securities failed to pass through computers at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, which handled the auction. The Treasury sought to compensate by selling Goldman more six-month securities than the latter had sought.

The article discusses rising yields on U.S. Treasury securities. On September 5, 2013 the yield on the ten-year Treasury note finished at 2.977%, compared to a yield of 1.61% that prevailed on May 1, 2013. Some traders believe yields will continue to rise unless a report on job creation due September 6, 2013 is weaker than expected. By one estimate some $123.5 billion has been withdrawn from bond mutual funds and bond exchange-traded funds since June 2013.

The article discusses expectations among investors that yields on U.S. Treasury securities will continue to rise during the fall of 2013. Factors that could push yields upward include a winding down by the Federal Reserve of its bond-purchasing program. Analysts at banking company J. P. Morgan Chase & Co. predict the yield on 10-year Treasury notes will exceed 3% before the end of 2013.

The article discusses the effects of the 2013 economic recession on risk parity funds, which split investments between stocks, bonds, and commodities in order to maintain investment returns in poor economies. Mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds are discussed, as well as the U.S. Federal Reserve's economic policies and financial firms such as Invesco Ltd. and Bridgewater Associates LP.

The article discusses a decline in prices for U.S. Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS). In June 2013 the yield on TIPS became positive for the first time since late 2011. Contributing factors include diminished fears about inflation in the U.S., and expectations that the Federal Reserve will soon begin scaling back its bond-buying activities.

The article reports that although the financial services company Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC upgraded its rating of the U.S. economy on June 10, 2013, financial markets did not react to the news. Topics include the U.S. government debt asset class and the use of credit ratings in investment decision making.

The article reports that U.S. exports of peanuts to China are expected to increase significantly in 2013, with information on the popularity of peanut products among Chinese consumers. Topics include the effect of a surplus U.S. peanut crop in 2012 on demand for peanut exports, the decrease in price of U.S. peanuts between 2012 and 2013, and the influence of Indian peanut export controls on Chinese supplies.

The article discusses an April 4, 2013 rally in U.S. Treasury securities that saw the 10-year Treasury note reach its highest price of the year. Investors were said to have bought Treasuries in response to news about the Bank of Japan's monetary policy, North Korea's deployment of missiles, and higher-than-expected claims for unemployment benefits in the U.S.