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Severe symptoms of necrosis sweet cherry fruits was recorded during 2014. in region of Šabac. About 30 % of fruits (cv. Summit) were affected and necrosis cover 1/3 of fruit surface in average. Gram negative, fluorescent, oxidative bacterial strains were isolated from diseased tissues. Symptoms similar to those, observed in natural infection were recorded on artificial inoculated cherry fruits (cv. Summit and cv. Summbarst). Isolated strains were HR positive, oxidase, pectinase, arginin dehidrolase negative and levan positive (LOPAT +---+). Same characteristics also own check strains Pseudomonas syringae (CFBP 11). According obtained results it was concluded that necrosis of sweet cherry fruits is caused by Pseudomonas syringae. Further characteristic in order proper detection of pathogens, including molecular methods are underway., U radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja sojeva bakterija izolovanih iz nekrotičnih plodova trešnje sorte Samit (područje Šapca). Nekroza zahvata u proseku oko 1/3 ploda koji potpuno gubi tržišnu vrednost. Bolešću biva zahvaćeno oko 30% plodova. Primenom standardnih bakterioloških metoda (izolacijom na hranljivim podlogama), proverom patogenosti i proučavanjem bakterioloških karakteristika, zaključeno je da pomenute simptome prouzrokuje fitopatogena bakterija Pseudomonas syringae, široko rasprostranjen patogen naročito koštičavih voćaka.

Susceptibility of different pear cultivars to Erwinia amaylovora by artificial inoculated immature pear fruits are shown in this article. According obtained results significant differences among cultivars are confirmed and they could be divided in four groups. Most susceptibly cultivars were Santa Marija. Second group includes Williams, Morettini, Carmen, Hardenpont. As most resistant shown to be Magness, Turandot and two local varietyies Karamanka, as well as another unknown local cultivar. This results are compatible with literature data, but also confirmed observations about susceptibility of various pear cultivars to E. amylovora under natural infections. Artificial inoculation immature pear fruit could be considered as relativelu relible method for estimation of pear fruit trees resistance to this bacteria., U radu je prikazana reakcija plodova različitih sorata kruške prema Erwinia amylovora metodom inokulacije nesazrelih plodova. Utvrđeno je da postoje značajne razlike u osetljivosti raznih sorata kruške prema patogenu i one se mogu podeliti u četiri grupe prema korišćenoj skali. Najosetljivijom se pokazala sorta Santa Marija. Nešto manju osetljivost ispoljile su sorte Vilijamova, Moretini, Karmen i Hardenpont; najotpornijim su se pokazale Magnes, Turandot, Junska Lepotica, Karamanka i nepoznata autohtona sorta. Prema dosadašnjim saznanjima ovi rezultati su u saglasnosti sa podacima iz literature i zapažanjima o otpornosti sorti kruške prema E. amylovora, primenom metode inokulacije plodova. Istraživanja su pokazala da se ovakav metod utvrđivanja otpornosti kruške prema E. amylovora sa relativnom pouzdanošću može koristiti u ove svrhe.

Characteristics of pathogenic Pseudomonas bacterial strains isolated from necrotic sour cherry fruits (Kelleris 14) in region of south Banat. First symptoms of disease appeared as dark green wet spot. Later on it turns to brown or black sunken necrosis. During rainy spring percent of affected fruits reached up 60-80. Gram negative, fluorescent, oxidative bacterial strains were isolated from the margin of necrotic tissue. All investigated strains are levan and HR positive, while negative results are recorded in oxidase, pectinase and arginin dihydrolase tests (LOPAT+- - - +). Investigated strains cause severe necrosis of artificially sour cherry fruits (Kelleris 14) as well as necroses on artificially inoculated cherry, pear and lemon fruits, lilac leaves and bean pods. Positive results were recorded in gelatin and aesculin hydrolysis tests while, tyrosinase and tartrate tests were negative (typical characteristics of P.s. pv.syringae). According the obtained results it was concluded that severe necrosis of sour cherry fruits (Kelleris 14) in South Banat is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae., U radu su saopštene karakteristike izolata bakterije Pseudomonas syringae izolovane iz nekrozom zahvaćenih plodova višnje (Kelleris 14) na području Južnog Banata. Simptomi sa karakterističnim crnomrkim ulegnutim nekrozama prikupljani su u periodu 2008-2010 godine. Iz obolelog tkiva izolavani su gramnegativni, fluorescentni sojevi bakterija, koji glukozu metabolišu isključivo u aerobnim uslovima (oksidativno); prouzrokuju HR duvana i stvaraju levan, ali ne proizvode oksidazu, pektinazu i arginindehidrolazu (LOPAT I). Proučeni izolati prouzrokuju nekrozu plodova višnje, trešnje, kruške i limuna, listova jorgovana i mahuna boranije. U pogledu diferencijalnih testova za patogene varijetete P. syringae, rezultati ukazuju da dobijeni sojevi hidrolizuju želatin i eskulin, ali ne stvaraju tirozinazu i ne metabolišu tartarate. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata i odlika izolovanih sojeva zaključeno je, da nekrozu plodova višnje veoma visokog intenziteta, zapaženu poslednjih godina u Južnom Banatu, prouzrokuje bakterija Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.

Pseudomonas syringae is economically important plant pathogen, found on a number of hosts including fruit trees, field crops, vegetables and decorative plants. This phytopathogenic bacteria is becoming a quite widespread pathogen on the fruit trees in Serbia, causing significant economic loses. Up to now it was experimentally confirmed as a pathogen on the pear, apple, apricot, cherry, sour cherry, plum trees as well as raspberries. In this study Pseudomonas syringae was identificated as pathogen on peach tree in Serbia. Detection of syrB gene was used for identification phytotoxins tipical for P. syringae pv. syringae. Our experiment showed that detection of syrB genes can be used as a diagnostic tool in determining pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae parasites on peach trees., Pseudomonas syringae ekonomski značajan biljni patogen širokog kruga domaćina koji uključuje voćke, ratarske, povrtarske i ukrasne biljke. Ova fitopatogena bakterija naročitu pažnju privlači kao patogen voćaka prouzrokujući sve veće štete. Do sada je eksperimentalno potvrđen kao parazit kruške, jabuke, kajsije, trešnje, višnje, šljive i maline. Pseudomonas syringae je identifikovan kao patogen breskve u Srbiji. Detekcija syrB gen je korišćena za identifikaciju fitotoksina karakterističnog za P. syringae pv. syringae. Naš je eksperiment pokazao da se detekcijom SyrB gena kao dijagnostičkog alata može identifikovati patogeni varijetet patogen breskve.

The test results of Pseudomonas syringae strains, isolated by a pear trees are as given. The symptoms of disesease, caused by this bacterium, appeared in two types: a blossom blast, a trunk necrosis and a branch followed by canker formation. All strains are Gram negative, fluorescent on a King medium B and oxydative (O/F test). The tested strains are HR positive, producing a levan, but don't oxydase, arginindehydrolase and pectinase (LOPAT +---+). Strains originated from a pear trees caused necrosis on an artificial inoculated pear, cherry and lemon fruits, as well as a syringae leaves and bean pods. The results of differential tests for P. syringae pv. syringae and P. syringae pv. morsprunorum (GATT) revealed that the tested strains hydrolise gelatin and esculin, but the negative results are recorded in tyrosinase production and tartrate utilization tests. The PCR analysis, by using a BOX primer, shows the high level of symilarity among the Serbian P. syringae strains, isolated from a pear fruit trees, but also within a slice differencies, compared with a check strain CFBP 1582. These results confirm a previous data about genetic diversity among P. syringae strains originated from a different areas all around the world. Based on the obtained results, it's concluded that the tested strains belong to P. syringae pv. syringae. Further characterization of P. syringae strains, isolated from pear in Serbia use the ERIC and REP PCR and it's still underway., U radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja fitopatogene bakterije Pseudomonas syringae, kao patogena kruške u Srbiji. Bolest se ispoljava u dva vida simptoma: palež cvasti i nekroza grana i debla mladih stabala kruške praćena obrazovanjem rak rana. Izolovani sojevi bakterije su Gramnegativni, fluorescentni, glukozu metabolišu isključivo u aerobnim uslovima (oksidativno). Stvaraju levan i prouzrokuju HR duvana ali ne stvaraju oksidazu, arginin dehidrolazu i pektinazu (LOPAT + - - - +). Prouzrokuju nekrozu inokulisanih plodova kruške, trešnje, limuna, listova jorgovana i mahuna boranije. Proučavani izolati hidrolizuju želatin i eskulin ali negativno reaguju pri testovima stvaranja tirozinaze i metabolizma tartarata (GATT). Na osnovu patogenih i biohemijskih odlika zaključeno je da proučavani izolati ispoljavaju izrazitu sličnost sa Psudomonas syringae pv. syringae, široko rasprostranjenim i ekonomski štetnim patogenom kruške. Primenom PCR analize korišćenjem BOX prajmera potvrđena je izrazita homogenost sojeva poreklom sa kruške, izolovanih u Srbiji, ali izvesne razlike u odnosu na kontrolne sojeve, što potvrđuje ranije dokazanu raznolikost sojeva ove bakterije u zavisnosti od lokaliteta i područja iz kog su izolovani. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja dat je i predlog za uspostavljanje standardne procedure na bazi patogenih, biohemijskih i molekularnih metoda (primenom PCR) u cilju što brže i pouzdanije detekcije ove bakterije u biljnom materijalu, što je od velikog značaja pri proizvodnji sadnog materijala, proučavanja epidemiologije patogena i razrade mera njegovog suzbijanja.

Soft rot bacterial strains were isolated from diseased fennel bulbs. They were characterised on the basis of its pathogenicity morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. All investigated strains caused the soft rot of inoculated fenel bulbs, pepper fruits as well as clices of potato and carrot. Results of bacteriological properties show that soft rot of fennel bulbs were caused by Gram negative, nonfluorescent, facultative anaerobic, levan and oxidase negative bacteria belonging to the genus Pectobacterium. The investigared strains utilised lactose, grew at 5% NaCl and weak growth was recorded on 37oC; they are resistent to erytromicin. Negative results were recorded in indol, phospathase, lecithinase and reducing compounds pf sucrose tests. These results as well as the characteristics growth on Logan differential medium indicated that sof rot of fenel bulbs was caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. This is the first report of this bacterium affecting fennel bulbs in Serbia., U radu su proučene patogene i biohemijske odlike fitopatogenih bakterija izolovanih iz glavica komorača sa simptomima truleži. Proučavani sojevi prouzrokuju trulež glavica komorača, veštački inokulisanih, plodova paprike, kao i kriški mrkve i krompira i pri tome ispoljavaju izraženu pektolitičku aktivnost. Proučavanjem bakterioloških odlika utvrđeno je da su izolovani sojevi Gramnegativni, ne fluoresciraju na Kingovoj podlozi B, glukozu metabolišu i u aerobnim i anaerobnim uslovima, ne stvaraju levan i oksidazu. Na osnovu navedenih karakteristika zaključeno je da ispitivani sojevi pripadaju rodu Pectobacterium. Proučavani sojevi ne stvaraju fosfatazu, lecitinazu, indol, redukujuće supstance iz saharoze, a na Loganovoj podlozi formiraju karakteristične kolonije ružičaste boje sa tamnim centrom. Na osnovu ovih, ali i rezultata ostalih diferencijalnih testova za vrste roda Pectobacterium (metabolizam ugljenih hidrata, razvoj pri 5% NaCl, osetljivost prema eritromicinu), zaključeno je da vlažnu trulež komorača prouzrokuje bakterija Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Ovo je prvo saopštenje o nalazu ove bakterije kao patogena komorača u Srbiji.

Poslednjih godina na pijacama je uočena učestala pojava truleži korena celera i paštrnaka. Laboratorijskom analizom obolelih biljka prikupljenih iz različitih lokalitata, ispostavilo se da su navedene promene, ispoljene u vidu truleži posledica dejstva fitopatogenih bakterija. U cilju identifikacije izolovanih bakterija proučene su njihove patogene i biohemijsko-fiziološke odlike. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da trulež korena celera i paštrnaka prikupljenih sa pijaca u Beogradu, Zemunu i Šapcu prouzrokuje bakterija Pseudomonas marginalis, patogen širokog kruga domaćina koji parazitira brojne zeljaste biljke različitih familija i rodova., The results about pathogenic, and bacteriological properties of bacterial strains isolated from roted celery and parsnips root are given in this paper. Investigated strains showed high level of pathogenicity to artificially inoculated slices of celery, parsnip, parsley, carrot and potato and inoculated immature pepper and tomato fruits. Negative results were recorded in pathogenicity test on artificially inoculated radish slices, onion bulbs as well as sunflower stems. Bacterial strains are Gram negative, aerobe and produce green fluorescent pigment on King medium B. According to LOPAT tests they form levan on nutrient media containing 5% sucrose (NAS), produce oxidase, arginine dihydrolase and pectinase. They do not induce HR in tobacco. Positive results also recorded in following tests: gelatine and Tween 80 hydrolysis, catalase activity, nitrate reduction. They utilize glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitole but not lactose. Negative results were recorded in following tests: starch hydrolysis, indole and hydrogen sulphide production. According the results obtained it is concluded that investigated strains belong to the same bacterium identified as Pseudomonas marginalis (Brown) Stevens 1925.

Olender (Olender nerii L.) is wide spread ornamental plant on the coast in Montenegro. Symptoms of knots appears on leaves and shoots noticed on oleander plants in Herceg Novi and Bečići during 2005-2007.A number of non levan bacterial strains were islolated on nutrinent sucrose agar (SNA), from the knots on olender leaves and shoots. Investigated strains are Gram negative, oxidative and fluorescent on King, s medium B. They ere negative in oxidase, pectinse and arginin dehidrolase test, while induct HR in tobacco after 24 hours of inoculation. Small pale white knots appear on inoculated oleander leaves three weeks after inoculation, and they are very similar to those recorded in natural infection. Investigated strains do not produced a necrosis on artificially pear and lemon fruits as well as on bean pods. Invstigated strains not hydrolised gelatine and esculine and don't utilized lactose, xilose and DL- lactate; they utilize sucrose and sorbitole. According obtained results and their comparing with literature data we concluded that olenaneder knots in Montengro is caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii. It is the first record of these pathogen in Montenegro., U radu su proučene bakteriološke odlike izolata bakterije izolovane iz tumora formiranih na listovima i mladarima oleandera (Nerium oleander L.). Na osnovu rezultata testova patogenosti, odgajivačkih i biohemijskih karakteristika i njihovim poređenjem sa podacima iz literature zaključeno je da pomenute simptome bolesti na oleanderu prouzrokuje fitopatogena bakterija Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii, ekonomski značajan pathogen ove ukrasne biljke na području Mediterana.

Genus Alternaria represents one of the most important pathogens of Apiaceae family. Alternariose symptoms may develop on foliage causing leaf spot, necrosis and eventually drying and black root. Celery plants with characteristic symptoms were collected during 2012 and 2013 in Serbia. The preliminary identification was done by analysis of morphological characteristics of conidia. After identification cultural characteristics, growth rate and spore morphology were examined and compared based on influence of ecological factors such as nutrient medium, temperature, pH value of the medium and light quality., Vrste roda Alternaria predstavljaju jedne od najznačajnijih gljiva patogena familije Apiaceae. Promene koje izazivaju na biljkama domaćinima su mrka trulež korena, pegavost lišća, sušenje listova i lisnih preteljki. Tokom 2012. i 2013. godine na teritoriji Srbije, prikupljeni su uzorci celera sa karakterističnim simptomima pegavosti lišća i sušenja listova. Identifikacija izolata je izvršena analizom morfoloških karakteristika spora gljive. Nakon identifikacije izvršena su uporedna proučavanja uticaja različitih hranljivih podloga, temperatura, pH vrednosti podloga i kvaliteta svetlosti na morfološke karakteristike izolata, porast kolonija i morfologiju spora.

Examination is seed quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) during the five years 2010 - 2014. The average established seed purity was over 98.40%, with varying by year from 96.7% to 99.2%. The greatest part of the impurities was inert matter, which are varied over the years in the range from 0.0% to 2.30%. Presence of weed seeds by year varied in the range from 0.0% to 0.50%. In the seeds of the tested grasses dominate the weeds from the family Asteraceae, Caryophillaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Polygonaceae. The most common weeds in the investigated grasses were Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album. Participation of other species by year ranged from 0.0% to 1.8%. Seed germination varied from 75 to 88%, the average was 83%. The number of abnormal seedlings was 4%, while the average number of ungerminated seeds was 13%., Ispitivanjem semena engleskog ljulja (Lolium perenne), italijanskog ljulja (Lolium multi­florum) i crvenog vijuka (Festuca rubra) u toku pet godina (2010 - 2014. godina) utvrđene su vrlo visoke vrednosti svih značajnih pokazatelja kvaliteta semena. Prosečna utvrđena čistoća semena bila je preko 98,40%, sa variranjem po godinama od 96,7 % do 99,2 %. Pri tome najveći deo primesa činile su inertne materije, koje su varirale po godinama u intervalu od 0,0 % do 2,30 %. Prisustvo semena korova po godinama je variralo u intervalu od 0,0 % do 0,50 %. U semenu ispitivanih trava dominiraju korovi iz familija Asteraceae, Caryophillaceae, Chenopodiaceae i Polygonaceae. Najzastupljeniji korovi u ispitivanim travama su Amaranthus retroflexus (obični štir) i Chenopodium album (obična pepeljuga). Učešće drugih vrsta po godinama kretalo se u intervalu od 0,0 % do 1,8 %. Klijavost semena varirala je od 75 do 88%, prosečno je iznosila 83%. Broj nenormalnih klijanaca bio je 4%, dok je prosečan broj neklijalog semena bio 13%.

Copper citrate is a complex compound of copper, which is characterized by a higher degree of dissociation in relation to the other copper compounds that are presently in the use and can be used in lower concentrations for the control of plant pathogens. Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) is on of the economically most important diseases of apples in all regions where this fruit species grown. A successful apple production is not possible without intensive chemical control. The use of copperbased products to protect apples, positioned at the start of the growing season. The earliest apple infections are the most destructive, and the effective protection of the apples in this period is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of copper citrate at different concentrations applied to the growth of V. inaequalis colonies. The results show that copper citrate in significantly lower concentrations of application 0.2 and 0.1 % higher than the standard product, effectively inhibiting the growth of V. inaequali mycelium (colony), which is the result of significantly higher amounts of copper ions, that is released from compound., Bakar-citrat je kompleksno jedinjenje bakra koje se odlikuje višim stepenom disocijacije u odnosu na druga bakarna jedinjenja koja su trenutno u primeni pa se može koristiti u nižim koncentracijama za suzbijanje biljnih patogena. Čađava pegavost lista i krastavost plodova (Venturia inaequalis) je jedna od ekonomski najštetnijih bolesti jabuke u svim regionima gde se ova voćna vrsta gaji. Uspešna proizvodnja jabuke nije moguća bez izvođenja intenzivnih hemijskih mera zaštite. Primena preparata na bazi bakra u zaštiti jabuke, pozicionirana je na sam početak vegetacije. Najranije zaraze jabuke su i najdestruktivnije, pa je efikasna zaštita jabuke u ovom periodu veoma važna. Cilj ovog rada je da se u in vitro uslovima ispita uticaj bakar-citrata u različitim koncentracijama primene na porast kolonija Venturia inaequalis. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da bakar citrat u znatno nižim koncentracijama primene 0,2 i 0,1% nego sandardni preparat, efikasno blokira porast micelije (kolonija) fitopatogene gljive V. inaequalis, što je rezultat znatno veće količine bakarnih jona koje ovo jedinjenje oslobađa.

Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. obtained from nectarine fruits with typical anthracnose symptoms in 2010 were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Pathogenicity test was conducted on symptomless, detached nectarine fruits. All tested isolates caused anthracnose lesions on nectarine fruits after 7 days of incubation. On PDA medium nectarine isolates forming dark green to dark gray mycelia. Growth rates of all isolates and reference strain of C.acutatum were lower at 25°C compared with reference strain of C.gloeosporioides. The conidia were hyaline, aseptate, and fusiform. Appressoria were dark brown, smooth, simple, and clavate to ovate. Using the primer set CaInt2/ITS4, the 490 bp DNA fragment was amplified from all nectarine isolates and reference strain of C. acutatum - CBS 294.67. Based on these results, the causal agent of anthracnose on nectarine fruits in Serbia was identified as C.acutatum., Izolati Colletotrichum spp. dobijeni 2010. godine, sa antraknoznih plodova nektarine identifikovani su pomoću morfoloških i molekularnih metoda. Test patogenosti je obavljen sa reprezentativnim izolatima, na odabranim, zdravim plodovima. Svi ispitivani izolati prouzrokuju antraknozne lezije na plodu nektarine, 7 dana nakon inokulacije. Na PDA podlozi izolati formiraju tamno zelenu do tamno sivu miceliju. Stopa rasta izolata sa nektarine i referentnog soja C.acutatum je bila niža u odnosu na referentni soj C.gloeosporioides. Konidije su hialinske, neseptirane i fusiformne. Apresorije su tamno braon boje, glatke, jednostavne, okruglastog ili oblika izdužene palice. Korišćenjem para prajmera CaInt2/ITS4 iz genoma DNA izolata sa ploda nektarine i referentnog soja C. acutatum - CBS 294.67, amplifikovan je fragment veličine 490 bp. Na osnovu ovih rezultata, u Srbiji je kao prouzrokovač antrakoze plodova nektarine identifikovana vrsta C.acutatum.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the size of tubers originating form different altitudes, on the yield of most commonly grown potato cultivars Cleopatra, Jaerla, Desiree and Kennebec in western Serbia (Macva). Potato seed-producing crop, from which the planting material came from, was grown during 2006 at two sites with different altitude: a plain region 72m a.s.l. and a mountainous region 1100m a.s.l. Evaluating the presence of the two most widespread potato virus (PYV) and (PLRV) in our conditions was performed by ELISA test. The investigation was carried out by planting the following mass of planted material: 50 ± 5g, 70 ± 5g, 90 ± 5g and 110 ± 5g in 2007 year. Higher yields of potato tubers in moist conditions in western Serbia (Macva) was achieved by planting larger mass of tubers originating from the lower altitude and shorter growing season varieties., Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj porekla sadnog materijala i veličine semenske krtole na produktivne osobine četiri najčešće gajene sorte krompira Cleopatra, Jaerla, Desiree i Kennebec u uslovima zapadne Srbije (Mačve). Proizvodnja sadnog materijala krompira izvedena je 2006. godine u dva lokaliteta različite nadmorske visine (nv): ravničarskom 72m i planinskom regionu 1100m (nv). Ocena prisustva dva i najraširenija virusa krompira u našim uslovima (PYV) i (PLRV) izvršeno je ELISA testom. Istraživanja su izvedena sadnjom semenskih krtola mase 50 ± 5g, 70 ± 5g, 90 ± 5g i 110 ± 5g tokom 2007. godine. Najveći ukupan prinos krtola od 36,10 t/ha־¹ ostvarila je rana sorta Cleopatra na varijantama gde je sađena najkrupnija frakcije (110g) poreklo sa planinskog područja. Veći prinosi krtola krompira u uslovima prirodnog vodnog režima zapadne Srbije (Mačve) postižu se sadnjom zdravih semenskih krtola veće mase poreklom sa ravničarskog regiona i sorti kraće vegetacije.

Monilinia laxa (Ader. i Ruhl.) the causer agent of brown rot of stone fruit is widespread in all growing regions in Serbia. The disease severity depends of weather condition. Extended period of flowering and heavy precipitation are suitable for disease progress. The testing of fungicides for control M. laxa were carried out in two localities investigation during 2008 and 2009. The trials were set according to methods by OEEP/EPPO. The fungicide groups dicarboximides, benzimidazols and DMIs showed high efficiency in disease control., Monilinia laxa (Ader. i Ruhl.), prouzrokovač sušenja cvetova i grančica koštičavog voća rasprostranjena je svuda gde se gaje ove voćne vrste. Ovo oboljenje se na našim prostorima redovno javlja na koštičavom voću, a intenzitet pojave zavisi od vremenskih uslova. Produžen period cvetanja i obilne količine padavina pogoduju razvoju bolesti, a štete u takvim godinama mogu biti značajne. Tokom 2008. i 2009. godine na dva lokaliteta ispitivana je efikasnost fungicida koji se koriste za suzbijanje M. laxa u našoj zemlji. Ogledi su postavljeni po OEEP/EPPO metodama. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na veoma visok stepen efikasnosti fungicida iz grupa dikarboksimida, benzimidazola i DMI (inhibitori demetilacije sterola) fungicida.

Bacterium Pseudomonas syringae has numerous varieties with differentiated properties and is abundant in genetic diversity. Pseudomonas syringe has been experimentally identified in Serbia as a parasite of pear, apple, cherry, sour cherry, plum and raspberry. This study was designed to establish differences between the strains isolated from the fruit trees in Serbia with whole cell protein profiles analysis. The paghogenic and bacteriologycal characteristics of the isolates, cultivating, morphological and biochemical characteristics were studied. The obtained results demonstrate that the population of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae from the fruit trees in Serbia is diverse, but do not show any difference in their whole cell protein profiles., Bakterija Pseudomonas syringae ima veliki broj varijeteta sa različitim osobinama i sa velikom genetičkom raznovrsnošću. Pseudomonas syringae u Srbiji je eksperimentalno potvrđen kao parazit kruške, jabuke, breskve, trešnje, višnje, šljive i maline. Cilj ove studije bio je da utvrdi postojanje eventualnih razlika između sojeva izolovanih sa različitih vrsta voćaka u Srbiji proučavanjem elektroforetskih profila ukupnih ćelijskih proteina. Proučavane su takođe patogene i biohemijske odlike sojeva poreklom sa raznih vrsta voćaka. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da su populacije bakterije Pseudomonas syringae poreklom sa voća u Srbiji raznovrsne, ali da ne pokazuju razlike u elektroforetskim profilima ukupnih ćelijskih proteina.

The present paper discusses the occurrence and severity of bacterial bean diseases in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. Leaf samples of diseased bean plants were collected from a number of locations in the province. All the samples from all the locations tested positive for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, indicating that the bacterium is widespread on commercial plots and gardens planted to bean in Vojvodina. The bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola was isolated from a smaller number of samples, which shows that it is not widespread on bean in the province. Identification of the isolates was confirmed using the classic phytobacterial methods (for the pathogenic, morphological, breeding and biochemical-physiological characteristics of the isolates) as well as the rapid modern methods (ELISA for serological and PCR for molecular properties)., U radu su proučavane bakterioze pasulja, njihovo prisustvo i intenzitet pojave na teritoriji Vojvodine. Izolacijama iz prikupljenih obolelih uzoraka pasulja (list) na standardne hranljive podloge, dobijene su kolonije Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli iz svih ispitivanih uzoraka i lokaliteta, što ukazuje na dominantno prisustvo ove bakterije na proizvodnim parcelama i okućnicama pasulja kod nas. Bakterija Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola je izolovana kod manjeg broja uzoraka, što pokazuje da nije široko rasprostranjena u našim uslovima gajenja pasulja. Identifikacija izolata ovih bakterija je dokazana korišćenjem klasičnih fitobakterioloških (patogene, morfološke, odgajivačke i biohemijsko-fiziološke odlike izolata) i brzih, savremenih metoda (serološke-ELISA i molekularne-PCR).

Isolates of Phomopsis spp. obtained from plum trees (Prunus domestica L.) with symptoms of die-back. There were significant morpho-physiological and pathogenic differences between the isolates. The genetic variability (12 isolates of Phomopsis spp. and isolate of Photopia pernicious, which was used as control ) was proved by study of vegetative compatibility. These isolates were inoculated in Petri dishes in pairs in all possible cross combinations, on potato dextrose agar. After 5 and 10 days the interaction between colonies were scored according to appearance of contact lines of paired cultures. On the contact line on two different isolates distinct barrage zones of inhibition - vegetative incompatibility reaction. The barrage zones generally became black and sometimes showed formation of pycnidia. Necrotic parts of hyphen that formed line of reaction were observed. A compatible reaction was observed only when cultures of the same isolate were paired., Izolati Phomopsis spp. dobijeni sa grana i stabla šljive (Prunus domestica L.) sa simptomima sušenja i izumiranja ispoljili su značajne razlike u morfolo-fiziološkim i patogenim karakteristikama. Primenom metode vegetativne kompatibilnosti potvrđena je genetska varijabilnost 12 izolata Phomopsis spp. i kontrolnog izolata Phomopsis perniciosa. Isečci ispitivanih kultura zasejavani su u Petri kutije po parovima i u svim mogućim unakrsnim kombinacijama, na podlozi KGA. Očitavanje rezultata je vršeno petog i desetog dana i podrazumevalo je praćenje izgleda linije međusobnog kontakta uparivanih izolata. Nakon perioda inkubacije između ispitivanih kultura dolazi do formiranja crne reakcione linije - barijere, a u pojedinim slučajevima i reproduktivnih organa - piknida (reakcija vegetativne inkompatibilnosti). Delovi hifa koje sačinjavaju crnu reakcionu liniju bili su nekrotirani. Vegetativna kompatibilnost konstatovana je samo u slučajevima kada su izolati uparivani sami sa sobom.

The symptoms pf pear decline are present in Serbia since 1970s. Thirty years later it was proved that the causal agent of this decline is a phytoplasma. This parasite is widespread in Europe and the USA as well as the countries of former Yugoslavia like Bosna and Hercegovina and Croatia. The presence of the phytoplasmas was confirmed using electron microscopy and the molecular analysis if the pear samples from a number of localities in Serbia between 2004-2007. The phytoplasma was observed on the ultrathin sections of the main leaf vascular bundle from the diseased pear tree. The shape, structure and size of 350-480 x 600-700nm, are typical ones for the phytoplasmas. PCR analysis using the universal primer R16F2n/R16R2 as well as the specific primer fO1/rO1 also confirmed phytoplasmas as the causal agent of pear decline., Simptomi propadanja kruške su prisutni u Srbiji od sedamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Mnogo godina kasnije, dokazano je da je prouzrokovač ovog propadanja fitoplazma kruške (PD). Ova pojava vrlo je raširena u Evropi i u Severnoj Americi, prisutna je i u susednim zemljama bivše Jugoslavije, Bosni i Hercegovini i Hrvatskoj. Prisustvo ove fitoplazme utvrđivano je primenom elektronske mikroskopije i molekularnom analizom uzoraka poreklom iz više lokaliteta u Srbiji, u periodu od 2004-2007 godine. Na ultratankim presecima floemskog tkiva glavnih lisnih nerava obolelih stabala kruške, utvrđeno je prisustvo organizama, koji po obliku, veličini (350-480 x 600-700nm) i strukturi, odgovaraju fitoplazmama. Rezultati PCR analiza, sa univerzalnim R16F2n/R16R2 i specifičnim prajmerom fO1/rO1 ukazali su na prisustvo fitoplazme Pear decline.

The symptoms of apple fruit black rot of different cultivars caused by Botryo­sphaeria obtusa were found in the refrigerated warehouse of PIK "Južni Banat", Vršac, and on the trees in the field in Šabac town vincinity during 2003 and 2004. The optimal temperature for both pathogen development and spore germination were between 25° and 30°C for all isolates marked as J-1, J-2, J-15 and J-16, respectively. The results of morphological investigation of the isolates indicated that two different morphotypes of pathogen B.obtusa exist on apple fruits, (type A: isolates J-1 and J-2 and type B: isolates J-15 and J-16). Both types of isolates could caused rotting of apple fruits, but there were significant differences in their aggressiveness., Botryosphaeria obtusa, prouzrokovač erne truleži jabuke, izolovana je sa plodova u skladištima PIK "Južni Banat" i plodova prikupljenih u voćnjacima u okolini Šapca tokom 2003. i 2004. godine. Optimalna temperatura za razvoj patogena i klijanje konidija je između 25° i 30°C. Rezultati ispitivanja morfologije patogena (izgled kolonija, izgled i veličina piknidiospora, način formiranja piknidia i njihova brojnost) ukazuju na postojanje dva morfotipa B.obtusa (tip A: izolati J-l i J-2 i tip B: izolati J-15 i J-16). Iako izolati oba tipa mogu uzrokovati trulež plodova, razlike u njihovoj agresivnosti bile su značajne.

On the fruits of Cucurbita pepo L. var. ovifera and Primus domestica L. and leaves of Hedera helix L. the presence of Colletotrichum orbiculare, C. gloeosporioides and C. trichellum were registered. The mentioned plants are new hosts of the species from the genus Colletotrichum in Serbia, while C. trichellum is a new species for our micoflora., Na plodu ukrasne tikvice (Cucurbita pepo L. var. ovifera), plodu šljive (Prunus domesticu L.) i listovima bršljena (Hedera helix L.) registrovano je prisustvo Colletotrichum orbiculare, C.gloeosporioides i C.trichellum. Navedene biljke su novi domaćini vrsta iz roda Colletotrichum u Srbiji, dok je C Arichellum nova vrsta za našu mikofloru.