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Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mağallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Tārīẖiyyaẗ wa Al-Ḥaḍāriyyaẗ Al-Miṣriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The evaluation process and the methods used are considered an important input for developing the educational system in its various aspects, so development in the field of measurement and evaluation has received the attention of specialists. This paper discusses: criticisms of current evaluation methods, the concept of assessment evolved from assessment of learning to assessment for learning, and the practices that must be followed to keep pace with the concept of assessment for learning. The paper concluded that exams in their current state are exposed to many aspects of criticism in relation to what these tests measure and measure what they were designed to measure or what is known as validity, as well as in relation to the extent of our confidence in the grades we obtain from applying these exams and the extent to which these grades express the true level of students or What is known as reliability. Thus, relying solely on these exams to evaluate students is not appropriate for learning in the twenty-first century and what we expect of learning outcomes that are linked to students’ competencies and abilities to keep pace with current developments in all fields. Therefore, it is necessary to shift from assessment of learning to assessment for learning, which requires the use of practices that suit this transformation, such as the use of formative assessment on a continuous and repetitive basis and in a way that suits the individual differences between students. We must also rely on standards-based assessment that is based on transparency and assessment of students’ competencies and their level of progress. Reliance on tests or final exams must also be reduced, and alternative methods should be used that are innovative, reduce students’ anxiety and tension, and expose them to pressure during exams, and provide clear insights into the level of students’ progress. There must also be a transition from a culture of data collection to a culture of using data that must be up-to-date and visible to everyone. And provide continuous feedback to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper which is titled “Effect of Changing Values of Scales and Currencies on Commercial Ships Taxes in Egypt during the 1st Persian Era (525-404 B.C.)” tackles interest of the Persians in marine commerce. In addition, this paper scrutinizes the taxes imposed on exporting and importing as well as tackling influence practiced on such taxes by the change of scales and currencies that were widespread in the region of Far ancient near East not only Egypt. The current study has found out that the Persian Government in Egypt imposed multiplied tax on Ionian commercial ships because of several political and economic factors which were not sufficiently mentioned or analysed in its sources. Additionally, the Persian Government distinguished the Phoenician commercial ships and made them distinctive by a type of tax lowering. This coped with the numerous exemptions granted by the Persian Empire for inhabitants of this region. Throughout this research paper, it has been found out that the increasing taxes of ships during this period were based on the additional tax on the constant tenth of its value. Accordingly, this additional tax had come to be an extra burden on owners of such ships. On the other hand, such ships were also regarded as a source for bringing precious metals particularly silver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mağallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Tārīẖiyyaẗ wa Al-Ḥaḍāriyyaẗ Al-Miṣriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Financial & Business Studies Journal / Maǧallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Māliyyaẗ wa Al-Tiǧāriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Financial & Business Studies Journal / Maǧallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Māliyyaẗ wa Al-Tiǧāriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Special Needs Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ḥawliyyaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-Adāb: Ǧāmiʿaẗ Binī Sūwaīf is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mağallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Tārīẖiyyaẗ wa Al-Ḥaḍāriyyaẗ Al-Miṣriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims at studying the benefits and cost of e-health. In order to find an answer to the questions of the study, asocial survey method is used by researcher, the data of the study are collected according to some methodological Techniques represented in an Interviewing Schedule The findings 0f study show that the degree of awareness of e-health is medium, it also revealed that the degree of using e-health is medium, the study proved also that the cost of e-health is medium, While the study found a low degree of trust in e-health, the study ended with revealing the preference of health service recipients for paper transactions and the resistance of technology to obtain health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Smart libraries (SL) are a novel type of libraries where the use of gadgets, services and Internet by experts contributes to qualitative transformations that bear on the interaction of users with information specialists thus securing better service. The organization of SL depends on the soft infrastructure while taking into account the users’ needs. The role of information specialist has been transformed from mere maintaining SL collections and making them available to users to employing technology in all the processes of keeping, organizing, managing, disseminating information and knowledge and handling SL. This transformation gave prominence to information specialists .This paper discusses the process of grooming and training competent information specialists in order to be able to manage work and innovation in SLs with a view to empower performance improvement in the final analysis. The paper uses the analytical descriptive method coupled with a questionnaire and holding personal interviews with 250 of Information specialists from some university libraries to impart the empirical dimension. The paper comes with a conclusion that there is a potential for SLs, in its modern concept, including the qualified information specialist, to contribute in advancing information and knowledge sharing among information specialists thus enabling them acquire best practices& expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mağallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Tārīẖiyyaẗ wa Al-Ḥaḍāriyyaẗ Al-Miṣriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to understand the role of elites in strengthening the relations of cooperation between Kuwait and Qatar in the pre-independence phase, which coincided with the rule of Sheikh Ahmed Al-Jaber Mubarak Al-Sabah (1885-1950) in Kuwait, and Sheikh Abdullah bin Jasim Al Thani in Qatar (1880-1957). ), through the study of a set of British correspondence and reports during the Second World War available on the Qatar Digital Library website, in addition to another set of unpublished commercial papers of one of the Qatari families, which were donated to the Qatar National Library. The study argued that food shortages and the food policies pursued by the British at the time of World War II had caused the building of trade alliances between the two emirates. On a larger scale, this study explored the nature of the relations between the merchants of Kuwait and Qatar and how they worked and merged with each other legally and illegally during the Second World War, this helps in drawing a picture of the societies of the Arab Gulf merchants in the pre-oil period. Also, this study is an addition to the history of the Arab Gulf region in the period of the first world economy (1815-1948), when capitalism developed, and the British Empire dominated. The study concluded that during the war period, Kuwaiti merchants played a crucial role in revitalizing Qatar’s economy during this period, and participated in the trade of smuggling supplies, and in creating what they are called “war riches.” Also, the study proved the importance of Kuwait in the Gulf economy during the so-called economy of the first globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to identify the theoretical foundations of the Egypt Government Excellence Award, and to diagnose the current situation of the Faculty of Education, Benha University by diagnosing the internal environment (strengths and weaknesses), and diagnosing the external environment (opportunities and threats) for it, and to reveal the reality of applying the standards of the Egypt Award for Government Excellence in the Faculty of Education. Education, Benha University through a field study, in addition to developing a proposed strategy for the development of the Faculty of Education, Benha University, in the light of the criteria of the Egypt Government Excellence Award. Its strength is (116) from the academic staff, and (69) from the administrative staff at the Faculty of Education, Benha University. The research concluded in its results that: The college provides training programs commensurate with the needs of human capital. papers, fuel, printing inks, chemicals, etc.), the college works to a certain extent on the security and sustainability of its property through maintenance programs, there are objective and declared criteria for selecting academic and administrative leaders, and there are some problems it suffers from: lack of holding workshops or special awareness seminars The national indicators contributing to the realization of Egypt's vision 2030 and related to the college's activity or its announcement, the college's lack of projects related to sustainability in the economic and environmental fields, the lack of cooperation protocols with the sectors of society to provide technological support, the college's lack of applying future-looking tools in its various fields of work, The college's lack of application of innovation management policies in all its activities, the college's weakness in achieving job satisfaction for its human capital, the college's low level of interest in developing precautionary measures to face potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ḥawliyyaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-Adāb: Ǧāmiʿaẗ Binī Sūwaīf is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Informatics, Media & Communication Technology (IJIMCT) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed at identifying the effect of interactive maps in developing spatial ability of historical events and technology acceptance of second year secondary school students. Material of the study were a checklist of spatial ability dimensions of historical events, and interactive maps of "Islamic conquests and the spread of Islam" unit, with it's needed work papers, and the teacher manual for using interactive maps in teaching lessons of the unit. Tools of the study were spatial ability test of historical events and technology acceptance questionnaire. The study used experimental curriculum, two equivalent groups design. Participants were divided into two groups. Both groups were pretested using the tools. The experimental group (n=33) studied the unit using the interactive maps, whereas the control one (n=34) studied the same unit traditionally. Participants were at Fatma Alzahraa secondary school at Esna educational administration at Luxor in the first term of the academic year 2022/2023. Results indicated that there were significant differences between the mean of scores of experimental and control groups in both spatial ability test and technology acceptance questionnaire at (0.01) level in favour of experimental group. This result confirmed the effect of interactive maps in developing spatial ability of historical events and technology acceptance of second year secondary school students. Based on the results, a set of recommendations and suggestions for further researches were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Financial & Business Studies Journal / Maǧallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Māliyyaẗ wa Al-Tiǧāriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Financial & Business Studies Journal / Maǧallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Māliyyaẗ wa Al-Tiǧāriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Financial & Business Studies Journal / Maǧallaẗ Al-Dirāsāt Al-Māliyyaẗ wa Al-Tiǧāriyyaẗ is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper aims to explore the relationship between attachment patterns and selective mutism disorder. It identifies differences between males and females in attachment patterns and selective mutism disorder and highlights the predictability of attachment patterns of selective mutism disorder. The sample covered From parents (48) childrens selected from Four primary schools in Qena, with high scores on the developed selective mutism disorder scale (developed by researcer) and It was also applied to them the attachment patterns scale developed by (Kawthar Alsahlout, 2016), Scale were applied to parents of children. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the avoidant attachment pattern and selective mutism disorder. Still, there was a statistically significant negative relationship between the secure attachment pattern and selective mutism disorder. In contrast, there was no statistically significant relationship between the resistant attachment pattern and selective mutism disorder. There were statistically significant differences between males and females in the total score of selective mutism disorder and its two domains (home speaking and social contexts speaking) in favor of the females. Still, the school speaking domain showed no differences. There were no differences in the (secure- avoidant- resistant) attachment patterns, but there were statistically significant differences between males and females in the disorganized attachment pattern in favor of the females. The results illustrated the predictability of attachment patterns (secure, disorganized, and avoidant) of selective mutism disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Special Needs Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)