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Architecture was initially defined as the functional art specialized in the concept of shelter. However, over time, deeper ideas emerged emphasizing the importance of producing creative and distinctive architecture that possesses beauty and humanity. Architecture became the material embodiment of a manifested message. With the advent of the digital revolution, a new thought and philosophy known as digital forms emerged, spreading widely across various fields, aligning with the requirements of the present era and its evolving trends. The research problem revolves around the insufficient awareness of different patterns in architecture and their relationship with architectural form. The paper aims to enhance this relationship by integrating digital architectural mechanisms into the design process, utilizing this connection to creatively produce architectural forms. The research assumes that establishing a relationship between pattern, form, and digital architectural mechanisms, harnessing them to generate architectural shapes in different ways, may contribute to creating innovative architecture. The research paper is grounded in the primary goal of identifying methods for deducing architectural form and its relationship with architectural references. This is achieved by presenting various patterns and mechanisms used in deducing form and their impact on creating distinctive architecture. The descriptive-analytical approach was employed, exploring different concepts and analytical examples to reach results and recommendations. One of the key recommendations is the necessity of revisiting the essence of architecture as a cognitive source containing a vast number of principles adaptable to the era's variables. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of addressing the concept of pattern and its relationship with other architectural elements to enrich architectural thought and produce more distinguished architecture. The utilization of digital methods in producing architectural forms is highlighted to achieve more distinctive shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to activate the role of university students in confronting extremist ideas through social media platforms. This manuscript is deemed as a contribution to the theoretical studies within the field of educational sciences. The paper includes the problem statement, the significance, the objectives, the definition of terms, and then the theoretical framework of social media networks. It explores the positive and the negative impacts of social media sites, shedding light on the concept of terrorism, the psychological reasons that cause terrorism, extremism, and the significant damage it causes across various aspects of societal life. The paper also addresses the educational reasons for extremism, leading to proposals and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Engineering Systems (MEP) Play a Major Role in Enabling Hospitals to Perform their Functions, and in the Comfort, Safety, and Security of their Occupants. They Affect each other and Influence the Design and Execution of the Building’s Architectural and Structural Elements, including the Layout, Elevations, and Plans, in addition to Aspects Pertaining to Structural Systems or Shafts, and Interior Finishes. The Paper Problem is Apparent through the lack of knowledge Relating to the Requirements of different Engineering Service Systems, and the Unawareness of their Impact on each other or on the Architectural and Structural Elements of the Building. This limits Fully Benefiting from such Systems due to Conflicts between them and the Architectural and Structural Elements, in addition to Hindering Making Appropriate Design Decisions related to Operating them causing Deficient Coordination. This Paper Aims to Develop a Methodology for Achieving Integration between Types of Engineering Service Systems and the Architectural and Structural Elements of Hospital Buildings, Leading to Design Decisions that can Attain the Highest Benefit from such Systems and Ensure their Operational Safety according to their Types, Internal Components, Functional Requirements, and their Impact on the Design Decisions for all the Structural Elements of the Building. This is Performed based on a Theoretical and Analytical Study of the Types and Components of Engineering Service Systems (MEP) and Determining their Impact on the Structural Elements and Architectural Components of the Building. The Paper proposes a Methodology that Comprises 12 Stages to Achieve Integration between Engineering Systems and the Structural and Architectural Elements of the Building, according to the Types and Requirements of each System and its Impact on Design Decisions. A set of Tables are also Developed that Represents a Guideline and include Alternatives to the Different Types of Engineering Systems, their Requirements, and Highlight their Impact on the Structural and Architectural Elements of the Building, including the Layout, Plans, Elevations, and Interior Design Elements, in addition to their Relation to other Engineering Systems. The Results also Highlighted the Large Diversity of Types of Mechanical Systems, and the Significant Influence of Electrical Systems on all other Systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-cultural sustainability represents one of the important pillars of sustainable development. As one of the fundamentals targeted by Saudi Vision 2030, it aims to achieve sustainable development that enhances the living standards of citizens and improves the quality of their lives. This necessitates the provision of Saudi housing that achieves socio-cultural sustainability, to ensure it reflects the culture of the Saudi society, its social characteristics, and fosters a sense of stability and belonging, while also strengthening community ties. Especially since the contemporary Saudi housing model, heavily influenced by the social and cultural backgrounds of the places from which it was imported, is an adopted model. Therefore, there is a need for socio-cultural sustainability criteria in Saudi housing, which should serve as a reference for all design, review, and evaluation work. However, establishing these standards requires initially identifying the fundamental factors from which the criteria will be derived, through a conceptual framework that includes all elements, components, references, and applications necessary for building the model. The study aims to identify the most important factors influencing the derivation of criteria for socio-cultural sustainability in Saudi housing. Hence, the paper is based on a methodology that combines the analysis of current literature and the study of elements of socio-cultural sustainability, and how they are applied in the Saudi context, particularly in the city of Riyadh. It reviewed all concepts of socio-cultural sustainability in housing, its principles, and objectives, deduced its general characteristics and attributes, and reviewed their compatibility with the characteristics of Saudi society. It also identified the pillars of socio-cultural sustainability in Saudi housing (both traditional and contemporary), to then integrate the findings to arrive at the fundamental factors for deriving standards of sociocultural sustainability for use in planning and designing housing in the city of Riyadh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheikh Muhammad Jawad Mughniyah - may Allah have mercy on him - was not only a prominent figure in society, but also an eminent and knowledgeable scholar who produced and continues to produce extensive knowledge that is admired by leading scholars and intellectuals in the fields of thought, literature, and art, regardless of whether they are Muslim or non-Muslim. He closely observed their contributions and gained much from them, despite his rigorous scrutiny of their work. He was a prolific writer, with a clear and concise style, deep insights, and a meticulous approach. He was one of the few scholars who stood out in this era, enriching Islamic thought and spirituality, contributing to the intellectual and spiritual heritage, and studying the reality of his community, including its backwardness, injustice, and aggression. He discussed the reasons for these issues and, through their profound thinking and farsighted vision, outlined the way forward. Therefore, I decided to write this research paper, highlighting the most important persuasive techniques in his famous book "Al-Kashaf". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at studying the benefits and cost of e-health. In order to find an answer to the questions of the study, asocial survey method is used by researcher, the data of the study are collected according to some methodological Techniques represented in an Interviewing Schedule The findings 0f study show that the degree of awareness of e-health is medium, it also revealed that the degree of using e-health is medium, the study proved also that the cost of e-health is medium, While the study found a low degree of trust in e-health, the study ended with revealing the preference of health service recipients for paper transactions and the resistance of technology to obtain health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation process and the methods used are considered an important input for developing the educational system in its various aspects, so development in the field of measurement and evaluation has received the attention of specialists. This paper discusses: criticisms of current evaluation methods, the concept of assessment evolved from assessment of learning to assessment for learning, and the practices that must be followed to keep pace with the concept of assessment for learning. The paper concluded that exams in their current state are exposed to many aspects of criticism in relation to what these tests measure and measure what they were designed to measure or what is known as validity, as well as in relation to the extent of our confidence in the grades we obtain from applying these exams and the extent to which these grades express the true level of students or What is known as reliability. Thus, relying solely on these exams to evaluate students is not appropriate for learning in the twenty-first century and what we expect of learning outcomes that are linked to students’ competencies and abilities to keep pace with current developments in all fields. Therefore, it is necessary to shift from assessment of learning to assessment for learning, which requires the use of practices that suit this transformation, such as the use of formative assessment on a continuous and repetitive basis and in a way that suits the individual differences between students. We must also rely on standards-based assessment that is based on transparency and assessment of students’ competencies and their level of progress. Reliance on tests or final exams must also be reduced, and alternative methods should be used that are innovative, reduce students’ anxiety and tension, and expose them to pressure during exams, and provide clear insights into the level of students’ progress. There must also be a transition from a culture of data collection to a culture of using data that must be up-to-date and visible to everyone. And provide continuous feedback to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper which is titled “Effect of Changing Values of Scales and Currencies on Commercial Ships Taxes in Egypt during the 1st Persian Era (525-404 B.C.)” tackles interest of the Persians in marine commerce. In addition, this paper scrutinizes the taxes imposed on exporting and importing as well as tackling influence practiced on such taxes by the change of scales and currencies that were widespread in the region of Far ancient near East not only Egypt. The current study has found out that the Persian Government in Egypt imposed multiplied tax on Ionian commercial ships because of several political and economic factors which were not sufficiently mentioned or analysed in its sources. Additionally, the Persian Government distinguished the Phoenician commercial ships and made them distinctive by a type of tax lowering. This coped with the numerous exemptions granted by the Persian Empire for inhabitants of this region. Throughout this research paper, it has been found out that the increasing taxes of ships during this period were based on the additional tax on the constant tenth of its value. Accordingly, this additional tax had come to be an extra burden on owners of such ships. On the other hand, such ships were also regarded as a source for bringing precious metals particularly silver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, natural dye curcumin wasused to monitor the quality of packaged fish meat through color changing indicators and the color changes of the indicators were evaluated visually and with colorimeter during storage of fish samples at room temperature (for 60 hours) and in the refrigerator (for 12 days). In order to evaluate performance of paper indicators for monitoring the quality of fish, the quality characteristics of fish such as total viable count, pH, and TVB-N were evaluated. This indicator had very good characteristics such as less moisture absorption than the control, excellent stability during storage for 30 days, and high selectivity to pH changes. The FTIR results showed that the curcumin was well stabilized on cellulose filter paper. The results of color changes of the indicator during fish storage indicated that with increasing the storage time, the brightness (L *) of the indicator based on curcumin significantly decreased and red-green (a *) and yellow - Blue (b *) parameters increased. Colorimetric indicator based on curcumin indicated significant color changes from yellow to orange due to sensitivity to pH and detection of TVB-N and hydrogen sulfide compounds. According to the results obtained from the qualitative characteristics of fish in relation to performance and function of colorimetric indicator during fish spoilage, it can be concluded that curcumin provides a promising approach in intelligent packaging systems for meat products to monitor fish meat freshness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architectural design patterns of buildings have varied throughout the ages according to economic, social, cultural, and other variables to suit the function of the building, the design module is one of the most important means that organize and arrange the architectural design to enhance its functional, structural, and other performance. This research paper studies the concept behind the module and the analysis and classification of its types in the design of interior spaces, mass formation, structure, and composition of architectural. The research aims to reach a criterion for selection of the appropriate module, especially in the processes of development and elevation, to avoid the scattering that occurs in the mass formation, the structure, the composition of architectural, as well as the interior spaces. In addition, the research aims to help to coordinate the urban spaces of the architectural group to achieve integration between them and the mass, space, and elements of formation to raise their efficiency, especially those created in different periods. The research paper concluded that the provision of treatments and solutions using the architectural module, and methods of architectural integration to reach integrated buildings that optimally achieve the objectives and meet their function . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study a group of complicated articles in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence that Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah dealt with and directed, after reviewing his work thoroughly, the selection fell on four articles, which are: Al-Samaniyah’s article on limiting the perceptions of knowledge to the senses, the article of the majority of the scholars of the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence on the scarcity of the overall memorized text, the article of Al-Shāfiʿī and Ahmad regarding the negation of abrogation of the Qur’an for the Sunnah, And Al-ʿAnbari’s article on correcting every Mujtahid (the one giving an independent reasoning). The paper dealt in each article with three issues: its origin, the point of its complication, and Ibn Taymiyyah’s treatment of it. In studying the articles presented, the researcher adopted the critical analytical approach. This paper concluded that: the distinction of al-Taimi’s work due to the wide reading of articles, and a thorough critic in dealing with the articles at the level of authenticating, reviewing and directing, addressing the complicated issues that the scholars are less exposed to, with the investigation of Ibn Taymiyyah's directives to these articles. The study recommended careful reviewing of articles in this field, investigating their issues, and treating them according to the correct approach, giving observations and correcting them according to contemporary studies, and urging for extensive writing in this field according to Ibn Taymiyyah and other critics of the scholars of this discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between scientific cooperation in and citations to the international patents of the Persian Gulf countries issued in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. Method: This research was conducted with a descriptive method and a scientometric approach. The statistical population of the research consisted of 8182 patents issued in the USPTO database. In the second stage of the research, the titles of patents were searched in the Web of Science (WoS) citation database to analyze their citations. In order to obtain the number of citations from scientific documents to each patent, the title of each patent was searched in the Web of Science Core Collection in the section entitled “Cited Reference Search”. Then, the number of citations of scientific documents to patents was collected. The Microsoft Excel software was used to analyze the amount of cooperation in patent licenses. Findings: The results showed that only 841 granted patents out of 8182 patents registered in the Persian Gulf countries have been cited by scientific documents in WoS and received a total of 2496 citations. The research findings related to the number of patent licenses in the Persian Gulf countries based on the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) subjects show that the highest number of patent licenses is related to the category (G = Physics) with a number of 1717 patents; and the lowest number of patent licenses concerns to the category (D = textiles and paper) with 24 licenses. The highest number of patents is for Saudi Arabia with 5469 patents and the lowest number of patent licenses is for Iraq with 22 patents. The findings also indicated that the highest number of single inventor patents is for Saudi Arabia in the category G (Physics) with 288 patents, and the lowest number of patents based on the subject categories is for Iraq with 11 patents. Also, the highest rate of patents granted with more than one inventor is for Saudi Arabia in the subject category of chemistry and materials engineering (C) with a number of 4114 patents, and again the lowest rate of patents granted is for Iraq with a number of 11 patents. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that only a small number of patents registered by the Persian Gulf countries in the USPTO database have received citations from the scientific documents indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The results indicate that the highest level of patent cooperation within the Persian Gulf countries belongs to Saudi Arabia with 12583 inventors and the lowest level of patent cooperation belongs to Iraq with 30 inventors. In addition, the highest number of patent cooperation with countries outside the Persian Gulf belongs to the United States of America with 2198 inventors, England with 384 inventors, Germany with 333 inventors, Canada with 219 inventors, India with 203 inventors, and France with 171 inventors. According to the data obtained regarding the amount of citations received by single-inventor patents and multiple-inventor patents, using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the significance level of the data showed a less than five percent difference. Therefore, the difference in ranks is significant, and the test results indicate that multi-inventor patents have received more citations than single-inventor patents in subject categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of al-jam’ wa al-tafrīq [combining and differentiating] first became apparent early on, with the very beginning of the genre of rijāl al-hadith, being the study of hadith narrators. Within chains of hadith narrations, one finds many narrators who share the same name. More specifically, two narrators may have the same first name and father’s name, first name and family name, first name and kunya [honorific], or the like. This problem appeared so frequently that scholars who’ve tackled it over the years first dedicated specific terminology to this, al-muttafiq wa al-muftariq [the alike and the unalike], and then built a whole sub-genre dedicated to this under the broader field of hadith studies. Just as this issue appears in all books dedicated to the study of hadith narrators, it also is a frequent question in books more narrowly focused on the biographies of the Sahaba, the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. This study aims to give careful consideration to this issue of al-jam’ wa al-tafrīq in books dedicated to the Sahaba specifically. It uncovers the perceptiveness of the authors of this genre and the particular attention they paid to solving this matter, both in theory and in practice. This study further aims to identify their tendencies toward either narrowing or expanding, such as whether they tended to consider narrators with shared names as a single individual or as separate individuals, and to evaluate the efficacy of their approaches toward resolving this issue. The article begins with Ibn Manda and Abu Nu’aym, moves on to Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, and ends with Ibn al-Athīr and Ibn Hajar. Beyond tracing the history of this issue and its development through books dedicated to the Sahaba, this paper will identify the various ways these authors addressed companions with shared names and will evaluate the effectiveness of their perspectives. The article then ends by offering critical suggestions to refine the methodology currently used when approaching this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on the image of time in the poetry of the Egyptian Sheikh alHakim Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Daniyal ibn Yusuf ibn Ma’touq al-Khuza’i al-Mawsili (647-710 AH / 1249-1311 AD), by employing a structural and formative methodology with the concepts of critic Lucien Goldman (1913-970) developed On the sociological orientations of his Hungarian teacher, George Lukács (1885-1971), the aim of the paper is to explore the effect of intertextuality in enabling Ibn Daniyal to create meanings for his poems that expressed horizons of a common vision for him with the society to which he belonged, and highlighted specific features of Mamluk society - in its sub-middle and non-existent class. Such as: her realistic awareness of her low social and economic conditions and their causes, her satirical criticism of political practices that ignored her conditions, her sense of humor through which she vented her suppressed opinion, her Sufi religiosity, which represented her refuge from her bitter reality. Who represented her sanctuary from her bitter reality. The conclusion reached by the research is that the "minor structures" that constituted the main component in Ibn Daniyal's poems accurately reveal a larger "functional structure", whose fabric is harmonious in its threads spinning horizontally with a lived reality under which a "world vision" is formed for the Ibn Daniyal community to which he belongs and vertically. With the influence of religious texts and previous literary productions on the productions of our poet, Ibn Daniyal absorbed them and digested them artistically until they became an original component of the themes of his poetry. the mental structures of the Mamluk community to which he belongs; And the inclusive structures intertwined with the ideas of his predecessor influenced by Ibn Daniyal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judgment of consensus denial is a critical fundamentalist research. " Who denied the consensus is nonbeliever" is a phrase widespread between scholars and jurists where is the one who agreed, others were opposed, others elaborated on it, and there were who hesitated and worried. For that concern, this research paper studies the judgment of consensus denial to obtain a result . The research paper presents a brief introduction, outlining the meaning of the consensus, its authenticity, and whether it was indicative or subjunctive connotation. In addition, it presents the elements of consensus, conditions, sections, and types. The paper displays the judgment of consensus denial whether the denial is based on its authenticity or judgment and whether that consensus is indicative or subjunctive. It displays the sayings of the fundamentalists of the four religious’ schools of Islamic jurisprudence in this, as well as with the examples thereof . The research concluded that consensus is either indicative or subjunctive. The subjunctive consensus, there is hardly one who rejected its denier. As for indicative consensus was vary, there was a consensus that it is a necessity, and those who denied the consensus are nonbelievers for most of the fundamentalists for its consecutiveness. Most of the disagreement is focused on this type. The opinion of a group of fundamentalists, such as al-Amidi, Ibn al-Hajib, Al-Juwayni, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of this paper is the investigation and analysis of the fundamental peace that occurs in the light of the encounter with the "Other" in the imperialist subject. Levinas presents a subject who imposes his desires on the world in order to establish an earthly paradise and is busy devouring others and subduing them to himself. The imperialism subject, who formed his identity with violence and in relation to others, encounters the "Other" who resists his totalitarianism. Levinas' idea to end violence is rooted in subjectivity that cannot be reduced to consciousness and imposes an infinite responsibility on the subject. From the beginning, encountering the face of the "Other" is peaceful. By reminding the subject for peace and solidarity, the face motivates him to fulfill his duty and before any question and choice, he makes the subject personally responsible for peace with the "Other"; a responsibility that has already been placed in it and cannot withdraw from it. The peace considered by Levinas is the fundamental peace, original and beyond conventional war and peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kant argues that an action is morally worthy only if it is done not from inclination or self-interest but from duty. In the Groundwork, he provides examples to illustrate that the presence of motives aligned with duty undermines the moral value of an action. These viewpoints have sparked significant controversy, particularly in light of the resurgence of virtue-ethics in recent years. Notably, the work of two famous Kantian philosophers, Richard Hanson and Barbara Herman, are especially remarkable as they provide an enlightening interpretation of Kant's perspective and address the raised concerns. While Hanson outlines two innovative models for the conditions of action, he also identifies the relevant phenomenon of overdetermination and states that an action has moral worth when the motive of duty is sufficient by itself to generate the action. Furthermore, Herman complements these models by introducing a third one and arguing that an action maintains its moral value if it necessitates both duty and if its primary motive is the motive of duty, regardless of whether it reflects the agent's desires or not. In this paper, we assess the strength and effectiveness of these models by examining Kant's examples. Consequently, despite shedding light on Kant's intentions, these accounts do not significantly contribute to resolving the existing ambiguities. Critics can express concerns regarding the simplification of the overdetermination, the fallacy of circular and tautology. A thorough examination of Kant's philosophy reveals that fulfilling one's duty and disregarding other motivations are essential for the development of an individual's moral character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant issue among philosophical issues is to determine the relationship between ethics and religion. Traditionally it was believed that ethics is based on religion and there could not be any ethical system without religion. With the increasing critics against religion in the modern era the attempts for demonstrating an ethical system independent from religion has been increase as well. The proponents of ethical autonomy put forward considerable critics against ethics based on religion which is difficult to ignore. The aim in this paper is to deal with relationship between ethics and religion. The writer while approving the significant challenge offered against ethics based on religion defend a theory displaying two pillars for ethics. According to this theory epistemic and psychological aspect of ethics is distinguished. The writer will display that the epistemic aspect of ethics is independent from religion while the ontological aspect of ethics is depended on religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific realism has always faced continuous criticisms from scientific anti-realists. Kyle Stanford's "unconceived alternatives" argument can be seen as a late and troublesome version of these challenges. In this paper, we will first briefly mention scientific realism and its supporting arguments, including the "no-miracle" argument and the "slippery slope" argument. Then we will list the main challenges that scientific realism has faced. Arguments such as "pessimistic meta-induction" and "underdetermination of scientific theories" are raised against scientific realism. In the following, we will take a look at Stanford's argument and examine how it creates a challenge for realism by combining historical and philosophical arguments, and we will also describe the realist answers raised to the said challenge. We will also try to explain from Roy Bhaskar's critical realism point of view how the Stratified view of the world and scientific theories, makes it possible to achieve knowledge of reality through scientific activity and also can weaken the basis of Stanford's anti-realist argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mullā Ṣadrā offers two different views regarding the references of the philosophical secondary intelligibles. According to the first view, philosophical secondary intelligibles only have external foundations for abstraction (mansha al-intizāʿ) and no external counterparts (mā bi iza ͗). And according to the second view, also known as Mullā Ṣadrā's final view, these concepts have external counterparts which exist with the very existence of their subjects. This view faces some problems: First, Mullā Ṣadrā's reason for the existence of these concepts' external counterparts begs the question and is therefore invalid. The argument Ṭabāṭabāʾī offers in his commentary on Mullā Ṣadrā's argument is also flawed since it presupposes a point that is more difficult to accept than the conclusion and so would naturally be rejected by the other side. Second, the purported counterpart's mode of existence is not clear. Third, it is not clear by virtue of what difference between quidditative and philosophical concepts the former but not the latter have independent counterparts. The method employed in this paper is library research and rational analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will argue against certain criticisms of Kripke's Wittgenstein's sceptical argument and sceptical solution, made especially by Baker and Hacker, McGinn, and McDowell. I will show that their interpretation of Kripke's Wittgenstein's view is misplaced. According to Kripke's Wittgenstein's sceptical argument, there is no fact as to what someone means by her words. For Kripke, this conclusion, combined with Classical Realist view of meaning, leads to the Wittgensteinian paradox, according to which there is no such thing as meaning anything by any word. Wittgenstein presents this paradox in paragraph 201 of the Philosophical Investigations. As Kripke reads Wittgenstein, Wittgenstein is in agreement with his sceptic on the sceptical conclusion of the sceptical argument, that is, that there is no fact about meaning, and builds his sceptical solution on an endorsement of that. McDowell, McGinn, and others have objected that Kripke has failed to properly understand Wittgenstein's main remarks in 201, that is, that the paradox is the result of a misunderstanding of the ordinary notion of meaning. Wittgenstein does not accept such a sceptical conclusion. I will use the distinction George Wilson draws between two different conclusions of the sceptical argument and show that Kripke has respected all of the remarks that Wittgenstein has put in section 201. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Ockham's razor, assumptions must not be unnecessarily multiplied. While this principle is widely accepted, its justification is controversial. More precisely, we don't know whether Ockham's razor is truth-conducive. The present paper aims to address this problem within Betz's theory of dialectical structures (2012). First of all, I give a brief explanation of this theory. Here, the essential elements of Betz's theory, which pertains to my discussion, are highlighted. Secondly, I explain why Betz's theory is favored over the Bayesian framework. In the next step, it will be argued that, at least in the minimal complex positions, potential rivals for Ockham's razor don't discharge their functions unless Ockham's razor is considered as a criterion. The fourth step amounts to the evaluation of Ockham's razor and its rivals in the minimal complex positions. It is shown that each rival only represents an increase in the degree of justification of the likelihood of evidence given the hypothesis whereas Ockham's razor increases the degree of justification of the likelihood of evidence given the hypothesis as well as the posterior degree of justification of the respective hypothesis. This justifies to some extent Ockham's. Moreover, while the ratio between prima facie plausibility of two competitive hypotheses in the case of Ockham's razor is greater than those of the potential rivals, the hypothesis with lower prima facie plausibility receives higher posterior degree of justification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Elements of landscape of vegetation or water cover or complementary elements (floors, umbrellas, etc.) are among the factors related to the local climate to achieve thermal comfort for humans in hot desert environments, which are exposed to high temperatures, bright sunlight, and undesirable strong winds. The research problem appears in the lack of accurate identification of the links between the elements of landscape and the achievement of thermal comfort within Egyptian universities (Assiut University, Old Sohag University, New Sohag University at Al Kawamel, and Qena University) in desert environments, which includes proper selection of elements and precise identification of the materials used in them in a way that reduces the effects the negative climate on users and the lack of full use of its potential to achieve thermal comfort, This paper aims to determine the role that the elements of landscape can play in achieving thermal comfort in university sites in desert environments, and then maximizing the use of these elements in reducing the negative effects of climatic elements in universities, while specifying the proposed interventions (whether by increasing, adding or deleting and replacing) the elements of landscape the new Sohag University at Al Kawamel to achieve thermal comfort as a model for dealing with universities in Upper Egypt and as a mechanism for dealing with similar universities, based on the descriptive, analytical and deductive approaches. The research has reached results that define the specifications of the suitable elements of landscape for climatic factors in hot environments, including evergreen plants with high leaf density, moving water, floors that allow permeate water, multiple bumps walls, hollow backing benches, and curved or broken surfaces or covered with solar cells umbrellas. Monitoring the elements of landscape in some universities of desert environments and indicating the extent of their availability through field visits, the interest in plant elements and the neglect of water and complementary elements, and the degree of their impact on achieving thermal comfort, determining how to benefit from it in Egyptian universities comprehensively related to plant elements, such as the use of perennial green spaces, planting trees over green spaces, using plant fences with creating a green belt around the university, using moving water elements, loose floors, interlocking tiles with shading, wood material for seats and umbrellas with seat shading, then the need to pay attention to activating the role of the architect in coordinating university sites to solve environmental problems by choosing the right elements for landscape to achieve thermal comfort in desert environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management is one of the latest administrative concepts because of its human and intellectual capital, and it represents the basis on which project management and development are based and the basis of competitive advantage in construction companies. This is what causes managers and building experts to light and attention to managing knowledge to improve performance and better practicing the construction industry. However, many construction companies, especially medium and small enterprises, still do not effectively manage knowledge, with much lost financial burden and waste much experience, information, and knowledge without realizing the importance of lost knowledge and also what it takes to redefine lost knowledge. Therefore This paper aims to study the role provided by knowledge management to improve the performance of construction companies by reviewing the relationship between knowledge management and improving the performance of construction companies in the light of the available literature and previous studies using the descriptive analytical approach to stand on two main axes for any knowledge system applied in The two construction companies are: the effective supporting factors in the knowledge management systems, and the second is the obstacles facing the implementation of the current knowledge management systems. The result of the study is that supporting the culture of knowledge management, support from senior management, supporting information technology, and training continuous of employees are among the most important critical success factors shown by previous field studies. The obstacles differ according to the work environment and place of study. The research hypothesis was confirmed, which is that knowledge management improves the performance of construction companies, as it affects project performance, affecting project performance, company performance, employee performance, and knowledge effectiveness within the company. This research is the nucleus for decision-makers and those working to develop the performance of construction companies and the setters of strategies and knowledge systems to improve performance and achieve the required final output in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address the status of women in Islamic law, with the goal of correcting the perceptions held by many intellectuals and others regarding their position in Islam. It also emphasizes the care and respect accorded to women in Islamic law, as well as the removal of any source of embarrassment for them. This study encompasses two main aspects: First: It delves into the fundamental aspect, emphasizing that facilitation and the removal of embarrassment are key objectives of Islamic Sharia in its general provisions, whether related to worship, transactions, marriage, or other areas. Second: It involves the collection of branches where the researcher identifies facilitation and the removal of embarrassment, particularly for women, within Islamic jurisprudence, beyond the scope of worship. This section also includes references to any existing disputes. In total, these branches encompass thirty-five distinct issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of teachers towards the licensure examinations and the alternatives available to evaluate teachers from the perspectives of teachers and determine if there are any statistical differences between these perspectives with regard to these dependent variables: Sex, area of specialization, and the educational level of the school. A descriptive methodology was employed through which a questionnaire was developed by the researcher to measure teachers’ attitudes. 234 teachers responded to the questionnaire. The attitudes of teachers were found to be negative against these examinations. Teaching performance is best evaluated inside the classroom rather than through a paper multiple-choice test. The study concluded with a number of suggestions which included the need for all concerned parties to provide an evaluative study of the licensure test and determine its effectiveness for teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart libraries (SL) are a novel type of libraries where the use of gadgets, services and Internet by experts contributes to qualitative transformations that bear on the interaction of users with information specialists thus securing better service. The organization of SL depends on the soft infrastructure while taking into account the users’ needs. The role of information specialist has been transformed from mere maintaining SL collections and making them available to users to employing technology in all the processes of keeping, organizing, managing, disseminating information and knowledge and handling SL. This transformation gave prominence to information specialists .This paper discusses the process of grooming and training competent information specialists in order to be able to manage work and innovation in SLs with a view to empower performance improvement in the final analysis. The paper uses the analytical descriptive method coupled with a questionnaire and holding personal interviews with 250 of Information specialists from some university libraries to impart the empirical dimension. The paper comes with a conclusion that there is a potential for SLs, in its modern concept, including the qualified information specialist, to contribute in advancing information and knowledge sharing among information specialists thus enabling them acquire best practices& expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world in our contemporary reality has turned into a small village due to the technological revolution in communications. This situation allowed the western world to extend its control over the field of contemporary media through innovating specific tools and means that favor the material over the spirit and favor the world over the afterworld. This makes it imperative for those who supervise the Islamic media to review the priorities of the discourse, especially in the light of the rise of the anti-Islam discourse, the increase of skepticism of the religion’s absolutes, and the increase of the attacks on the Islamic content. These challenges are added to previous problems that the Islamic media has suffered from. There are many approaches to studying media, but the rarest is the priority consideration and the objective approach. The researcher has chosen this approach . This choice is based on several hypotheses, and the most important is the normative science of Maqāšid and the jurisprudence of priorities. The normative prescription is one of the most important qualities that cognitive theories envisage and the methodological and procedural potential that purpose consideration can provide to the pioneers of media and the pioneers of Islamic media in particular. Accordingly, the question of the paper is determined as follows: How can the jurisprudence of priorities based on the purposes of Sharia be applied to the field of contemporary media in order to achieve the renaissance of the Islamic nation, then reach the leadership and witnesses over the other nations? The researcher divided the paper into two parts. The first one dealt with the concept of the jurisprudence of priorities in the field of media and the evidence of applications in this field. The second part dealt with applying the rules of the jurisprudence of priorities to contemporary media with sampling for each of the ranks according to three types of rules; the rules of purposes, the rules of the jurisprudence of reality, and the rules of means. The second part is explained by highlighting many perspectives, and the researcher has chosen two of them: the Media perspective, where he deals with the theory of prioritization in contemporary media science, and the purposive perspective, where he deals with the rules of priorities based on the science of the purposes of Sharia. To achieve that, he used methods of description, analysis, and deduction with a few comparison methods. The paper is concluded with the necessity of implementing the science of purposes in jurisprudential consideration related to the field of media and that it is a necessity, not a luxury of knowledge. As a result, there is a need to rationalize the media that reflects Islamic ideas with the standards of the purposes of Sharia in general and the standards of the purposes of discourse and media in particular. Moreover, the study recommends the demand to activate the jurisprudence of priorities through the development of short, medium, and long-term media strategies. The study also recommends to the researchers and workers in the field of media and the field of the purposes of Sharia to jointly work to contextualize the media within the jurisprudence of purposes and to activate the purposes in the field of media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's transmission networks (TNs), the sudden failure of some generation units (GUs) from the generation cycle can cause some problems such as the imbalance between generation and demand-side (consumption) leading to increasing the cost of operating the power system. On the other hand, distributed generators (DGs) in distribution networks (DNs) can be a relatively good alternative to-the-disconnected GUs with their ability to react quickly. Therefore, robust cooperation-for integrated TN&DN is essential. However, it is impossible to solve the cooperation of TN&DN problem without considering the AC optimal power flow (ACOPF), the operators' independence, and the information privacy. Thus, in this paper, a linearized ACOPF model for the robust cooperation of TN&DN problem is presented along with an efficient hierarchical decentralized solution method to solve the robust cooperation of integrated TN&DN in which the information-privacy-is-maintained-for both network operators. In this paper, the numerical simulations are analyzed for standard IEEE 30/118-bus transmission and IEEE 33/69-bus distribution networks. Finally, the paper validates through simulations the accuracy and computational-efficiency-of the proposed robust optimization problem and hierarchical decentralized method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the existence of studies that confirmed that the quality of Built Environment (BEQ) is the most important factors that affect the quality of life, and In light of the absence of quality in the Egyptian built environment in one or more of its aspects and its repercussions on the behaviors of people living in it, which led to a decrease in the quality of life in general, this research paper seeks to present a model for a comprehensive framework for assessing the BEQ in general. To achieve this goal, a deductive approach is adopted by analysing built environments rating systems, identifying the concept of quality generally and BEQ, starting with the concept of quality, its aspects, and methods of measurement, and to analyse the current methods of assessing BEQ to check its comprehensiveness, followed by the proposed conceptual framework for assessing BEQ and its basic pillars. As a result, a conceptual framework for assessing the BEQ including its pillars and the mechanism of work was proposed. It could be a base for establishing a system for assuring and assessing the quality of the built environment in Egypt as the paper recommend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longshore sediment transport is considered as one of the most important and influential factors in the functioning of coastal areas. Forecasting and determining the rate of this parameter along the coast and in the vicinity of coastal structures is one the most important for shoreline management during any construction and coastal management mission. This study aims to put different pieces of knowledge together, including field measurements, neural networks, and numerical modelling to obtain a more realistic estimation of the LST rate along the undeveloped Makran Coastline. The focus of this paper is mostly on accurate wave and sediment transport modelling, verified against available field data and morphological evidence. A neural network for the correction of wave data and a numerical model of Mike21 is applied for simulating the transportation process of sediments along the Makran Coastline. Zarabad port on the coast of Makran has selected the case study of this research. The results of this study showed that the observed data are not in good agreement with the output data of the model (except wave height) and need to be modified with the neural network and considering the effective parameters such as the different conditions of the waves in the monsoon and non-monsoon seasons in the Neural network. Neural network can help a lot in improving and correcting data. The results also showed that the sediment transport process occurs in different directions and depending on the wave height at depths more than 4m and at greater depths the sediment transport is insignificant, also, wave force in the region is able to transfer approximately 235000 m3 / year sediment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the role of elites in strengthening the relations of cooperation between Kuwait and Qatar in the pre-independence phase, which coincided with the rule of Sheikh Ahmed Al-Jaber Mubarak Al-Sabah (1885-1950) in Kuwait, and Sheikh Abdullah bin Jasim Al Thani in Qatar (1880-1957). ), through the study of a set of British correspondence and reports during the Second World War available on the Qatar Digital Library website, in addition to another set of unpublished commercial papers of one of the Qatari families, which were donated to the Qatar National Library. The study argued that food shortages and the food policies pursued by the British at the time of World War II had caused the building of trade alliances between the two emirates. On a larger scale, this study explored the nature of the relations between the merchants of Kuwait and Qatar and how they worked and merged with each other legally and illegally during the Second World War, this helps in drawing a picture of the societies of the Arab Gulf merchants in the pre-oil period. Also, this study is an addition to the history of the Arab Gulf region in the period of the first world economy (1815-1948), when capitalism developed, and the British Empire dominated. The study concluded that during the war period, Kuwaiti merchants played a crucial role in revitalizing Qatar’s economy during this period, and participated in the trade of smuggling supplies, and in creating what they are called “war riches.” Also, the study proved the importance of Kuwait in the Gulf economy during the so-called economy of the first globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to identify the theoretical foundations of the Egypt Government Excellence Award, and to diagnose the current situation of the Faculty of Education, Benha University by diagnosing the internal environment (strengths and weaknesses), and diagnosing the external environment (opportunities and threats) for it, and to reveal the reality of applying the standards of the Egypt Award for Government Excellence in the Faculty of Education. Education, Benha University through a field study, in addition to developing a proposed strategy for the development of the Faculty of Education, Benha University, in the light of the criteria of the Egypt Government Excellence Award. Its strength is (116) from the academic staff, and (69) from the administrative staff at the Faculty of Education, Benha University. The research concluded in its results that: The college provides training programs commensurate with the needs of human capital. papers, fuel, printing inks, chemicals, etc.), the college works to a certain extent on the security and sustainability of its property through maintenance programs, there are objective and declared criteria for selecting academic and administrative leaders, and there are some problems it suffers from: lack of holding workshops or special awareness seminars The national indicators contributing to the realization of Egypt's vision 2030 and related to the college's activity or its announcement, the college's lack of projects related to sustainability in the economic and environmental fields, the lack of cooperation protocols with the sectors of society to provide technological support, the college's lack of applying future-looking tools in its various fields of work, The college's lack of application of innovation management policies in all its activities, the college's weakness in achieving job satisfaction for its human capital, the college's low level of interest in developing precautionary measures to face potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt's construction sector faces enormous challenges related to the construction phase, the most important of which is a considerable waste of effort, time, and money that may result in increasing the risk of losing projects. Indeed, eliminating such a waste will certainly improve the project performance, thereby enhancing the value of the project stakeholders. The researcher assumes that adopting lean construction (LC) approach is necessary to reduce waste, improve performance, and enhance the performance of the Egyptian construction sector at large. The research relies on a simplified methodology that has several positive outcomes: (1) saving time and cost; (2) boosting quality and safety; and (3) improving management process control, resource management, and relationships between project team members. Therefore, the main objective of the current paper is to examine and analyse the ability of wasteless construction principles to reduce waste in the construction process through an applied case study of a large construction project in Egypt. The study employs lean construction (LC) methodology and utilizes its technologies and tools to reduce waste in construction, particularly at the finishing stage, measuring their effectiveness in achieving the desired goals. The study assumes to have two major contributions: (i) determining the main causes of waste in the Egyptian construction industry; and (ii) applying LC methodology to prevent and eliminate the causes of waste inherent in the construction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are many conservative interventions to reduce the symptoms of coccydynia, but it is not clear which treatment can be more effective. The aim of this review study was to evaluate the types of conservative interventions and the effectiveness of each of them in reducing coccydynia symptoms. Methods: This systematic review was carried out based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) instruction. A search for research studies published up to October 2021 was conducted in Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, using Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane without data constraints. The search was carried out in October 2021 and continued for seven months. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro). All prospective randomized clinical trial studies in which participants suffered from coccydynia and were treated with nonsurgical treatments were included. Results: 945 articles were found in the primary search of the databases. After eliminating 493 repetitive papers, 452 studies remained which were screened by the two researchers of this study in terms of the title and abstract. 40 studies were selected for full-text evaluation. Finally, 12 articles were included in the review study. Two papers used extracorporeal shockwave, two papers used impar ganglion block, three papers manual therapy, and four studies injection. The remaining four studies used iontophoresis with ketoprofen, biofeedback therapy, acupuncture, and physiotherapy with Kinesio taping. Conclusion: Treatment with extracorporeal shock wave and impar ganglion block significantly improve tailbone pain and show more permanent effects on patients' symptoms. Manual therapies are mostly used in cases where the tailbone is stable. It seems that achieving the desired response requires more than six sessions, which is not pleasant for patients. Injections, especially those performed under fluoroscopic guidance, require high skill in addition to being unpleasant and painful. However, this procedure is done in one session, so there is no need for the next visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper, entitled ( The Placed Time in Hizebr Mahmoud's Poetry ) attempts to find out the overlapping between the elements of time and place in the poetic texts, as two essential elements that are indispensable in each literary work. Hence, the study tackles the poetic texts that involve the placed time, i.e. the time which is overwhelmed and landed by the place. Then, the study explained and analyzed each text conspicuously, so that it becomes obvious to the reader how time becomes a place, utilizing the metaphor that is capable to make the different textual elements ( time, place and characters ) mutual in their roles in an exciting literary way that influences the reader, interested him, and get his attention . The present paper, entitled ( The Placed Time in Hizebr Mahmoud's Poetry ) attempts to find out the overlapping between the elements of time and place in the poetic texts, as two essential elements that are indispensable in each literary work. Hence, the study tackles the poetic texts that involve the placed time, i.e. the time which is overwhelmed and landed by the place. Then, the study explained and analyzed each text conspicuously, so that it becomes obvious to the reader how time becomes a place, utilizing the metaphor that is capable to make the different textual elements ( time, place and characters ) mutual in their roles in an exciting literary way that influences the reader, interested him, and get his attention . The relationship between time and place is an existential one. It is not possible to imagine a life without them combined, as they are the two correlative elements of existence, and one cannot be separated from the other. This research aims to monitor temporal terms whose significance has expanded to characterize the attributes of a place. So the texts could make what is (( history ))a place on one hand and could make the word (( yesterday )) as a place on the other hand. Moreover, it could derive ((the era )) as a place too, and the rest of the times that became places including events and characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exception of Ḥāzim al-Qarṭājanni, no scholar was able to interpret the form of the Arabic poetic verse (al-Bait) which consists of two symmetrical parts (al-Ṣadr wal-‘Ajuz). Based on the Aristotle’s idea of imitation, Al-Qarṭājanni explained al-Bait as an imitating mental image of the Arab tent. Though this is brilliant, it is still an inadequate interpretation. This paper attempts to introduce a new explanation by combining the phenomenological method with Neuroaesthetics via adapting some of its results to focus on the creative process itself. The paper, through theoretical and applied analyzes, reached a main conclusion that the form of Arabic verse is an allegorical image of the poetic consciousness which produced it, and an outcome of its metaphorical thinking represented by the interrelating of the function of the left hemisphere of the brain (thinking) and the function of the right hemisphere (imagination), which correspond to alṢadr wal-‘Ajuz respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the relationship between moral disengagement and moral identity; moreover, it aimed at identifying the level of moral disengagement as well as the moral identity. Furthermore, this paper also aimed to see whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of moral disengagement and moral identity can attributed to so gender and class levels. To achieve the objective of the study, both moral disengagement scale, and moral identity scale were used. The sample of the study consisted of (1032) adolescents chosen purposive method. The results of the study revealed low levels of moral disengagement and high levels of moral identity. Male adolescents were significantly higher than their female counterpart regarding the moral disengagement and its dimensions (moral justification, euphemistic language, advantageous comparison, displacement of responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, distorting consequence, attribution of blame, and dehumanization), and seventh-grade were significantly higher than their eighth and ninth grade counterpart regarding the moral disengagement and its dimensions (moral justification, euphemistic language, diffusion of responsibility, attribution of blame, and dehumanization). It was found that the levels of moral identity and its dimensions (symbolization and internalization) were significantly higher in females than males. It was also found that the levels of moral identity and its dimensions (symbolization and internalization) were significantly higher eighth-grade than seventh and ninth grade. Finally, the results showed a negative relationship between moral disengagement and moral identity. Based on the results, the study recommends taking advantage of the high level of moral identity among adolescents in the development of other aspects of personality, such as social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the role of linguistic marks (lexical and grammatical) to determine the sex of the view of some of the words which sits neighbors on the lips of masculine and feminine, which is located after (she) and (said) and (says) assigned to the evocative again and feminine in the Koran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiplicity of activities inside the new Sonbol Mosque in the city of Assiut, including prayers, lessons, and worship, listening to sermons and celebrations of holidays, and all these activities have their own vocal demands. The research paper deals with the study of the acoustics of the new Sonbol Mosque in Assiut city and its acoustic defects. To determine these acoustic problems, the mosque’s shape and size were studied to know the sound behavior inside it, as well as the finishing materials and their effect on sound absorption and its actual and optimal recurrence time and calculating this mathematically using mathematical equations. It has been based on theoretical backgrounds, research and studies that are interested in this aspect. It was also relied on field visits and surveying of the mosque, and monitoring of internal and external noise values affecting it using a loudspeaker (S.L.M) (**). To draw conclusions about the mosque and come up with special recommendations to address this problem, the most important of which were: Re designing the speaker system in the mosque and distributing speakers on the ceiling as much as possible to distribute sound in an orderly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varied repositories of international literature attend to Juha’s anecdotes as an aspect of collective memory and as national symbols appropriated by their cultures. The reality-mocking humorous situations and philosophical distinctiveness of the anecdotes permeated the fabric of popular culture. The stories were also incorporated into varied rhetorical forms such as novels, children’s fiction, cartoons, proverbs, and folk tales. This study accords due recognition to the importance and stability of this figure in the popular culture of Arabs and Turks, adopting Juha as a subject for study, analysis, and comparison in Arabic and Turkish literature. It comparatively investigates the literary figure of Juha in Arabic literature as a central character of the Arab and Turkish cultures. From the comparative perspective, this literary study encompasses Juha’s presence as an effective and influential character in the Arab and Turkish works of literature. It probes the circulation of anecdotes related to Juha in the literary, cultural, and social contexts of Arabs and Turks, and examines the growing employment of Juha tales in multiple literary genres. Despite the historical precedence of the Arab Juha, Nasr al-Din Khoja al-Turki’s features distinguished him from the Arab Juha in aspects including the themes of anecdotes, the places of their occurrence, the personalities who contributed to the event, and the formulation and presentation of the overall vision. The paper is arranged in three sections. Initially, it introduces the characters of Juha Al-Arabi and Nasr Al-Din Khoja Al-Turki and references Arab and Turkish sources to outline their histories. Second, it delves into the structure of anecdotes: the characters, their natures, the roles they discharge in the narrative exposition, and how they interact with events as protagonists producing linguistic signs and ideas. The paradox is familiar. This section of the paper also focuses on the locational structure of the anecdotes, the aesthetics of the place, and how it functions to advance events. The element of time is also analyzed, demonstrating the temporal aspects of the development of events and the representation of the historical stages at which the anecdotes occurred. The third section presents the similarities and differences between the Arab and Turkish anecdotes and the ways in which the accounts are represented in Arabic and Turkish literature. Finally, the paper concludes by iterating the study’s most significant results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the importance of social mechanisms as one of key elements for achieving optimal healing environment-OHE for oncology patients' rooms, by examining the reality of some oncology centers that have been shown to focus solely on providing medical treatment without taking into account the social, psychological, emotional and spiritual needs of patients, which in turn negatively affect the treatment of patients and the speed of recovery, especially adolescents and young adults–AYA where the challenges of Emotional and social resulting from cancer with challenges resulting from adolescence and adulthood. This paper aims to extract social mechanisms for oncology patient rooms, and indicate their role and priorities for their application in meeting the needs of patients in the AYA category, mitigating their disorders, and their impact on patients' health outcomes. This paper attempts to reach the best appropriate models to achieve these mechanisms, by analyzing the current situation of selected samples from case study of the South Egypt Cancer Institute in Asyut. Through this analysis, the research paper presents a set of results and recommendations that should be followed to develop patient rooms that take into account the provision of social mechanisms and the priorities of their application depending on the degree of impact of each element in order to reach the optimal setting for the optimal healing environment for the room. This paper relies the analytical descriptive approach to dealing with the research problem by studying the literature that dealt with the characterization and analysis of the needs of AYA oncologists in patient rooms, identifying the disorders and effects of the disease on this group, and thus identifying the appropriate social mechanisms for this group that can be met in the rooms. This was followed by an analytical and introspective approach through the use of various research tools and procedures to analyze the status quo to see how these mechanisms are achieved within different models of patient rooms and how they affect patient health outcomes, and then to analyze the data and results reached. Finally, this paper concludes with a comprehensive chart of social mechanisms’ matrix suitable optimal healing environment for AYA pati [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brain-computer interface systems provide the possibility of communicating with the outside world without using physiological mediators for people with physical disabilities through brain signals. A popular type of BCIs is the motor imagery-based systems and one of the most important parts in the design of these systems is the classification of brain signals into different motor imagery classes in order to transform them into control commands. In this paper, a new method of brain signal classifying based on deep learning methods is presented. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, from February 2020 to June 2022. In the pre-processing block, segmentation of brain signals, selection of suitable channels and filtering by Butterworth filter have been done; then data has transformed to the time-frequency domain by three different kinds of mother wavelets including Cmor, Mexicanhat, and Cgaus. In the classification step, two types of convolutional neural networks (one-dimensional and two-dimensional) were applied whereas each one of them was utilized in two different architectures. Finally, the performance of the networks has been investigated by each one of these three types of input data. Results: Three channels were selected as the best ones for nine subjects. To separate 8- 30 Hz, a 5th degree Butterworth filter was used. After finding the optimal parameters in the proposed networks, wavelet transform with Cgauss mother wavelet has the highest percentage in the both proposed architectures. Two-dimensional convolutional neural network has higher convergence speed, higher accuracy and more complexity of calculations. In terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and F1-score, two-dimensional convolutional neural network has performed better than one-dimensional convolutional neural network. The accuracy of 92.53%, which is obtained from the second architecture, as the best result, is reported. Conclusion: The results obtained from the proposed network indicate that suitable, and well-designed deep learning networks can be utilized as an accurate tool for data classification in application of motion perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, polymeric compounds were prepared from unsaturated polyester as a base material with sisal fibres with different weight percentages (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) as a reinforcing material. After comparing the unsaturated polyester before and after reinforcement of the prepared compounds, it was found that there is an increase in the values of mechanical properties (Hardness strength, Compressive strength, Tensile strength, Impact strength) when reinforced by weight (4%) at room temperature; however, when treated at temperatures (8.55) ℃, it was found that the hardness, compressive and tensile strength decrease when heat treatment is at (8.55) ° C, the impact strength increases at higher temperatures and decreases at lower temperatures. It was also found that the thermal conductivity decreased at all temperatures (8.55)℃, which indicates that the polymeric composites consisting of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with Nylon 66 are good heat insulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at identifying the effect of interactive maps in developing spatial ability of historical events and technology acceptance of second year secondary school students. Material of the study were a checklist of spatial ability dimensions of historical events, and interactive maps of "Islamic conquests and the spread of Islam" unit, with it's needed work papers, and the teacher manual for using interactive maps in teaching lessons of the unit. Tools of the study were spatial ability test of historical events and technology acceptance questionnaire. The study used experimental curriculum, two equivalent groups design. Participants were divided into two groups. Both groups were pretested using the tools. The experimental group (n=33) studied the unit using the interactive maps, whereas the control one (n=34) studied the same unit traditionally. Participants were at Fatma Alzahraa secondary school at Esna educational administration at Luxor in the first term of the academic year 2022/2023. Results indicated that there were significant differences between the mean of scores of experimental and control groups in both spatial ability test and technology acceptance questionnaire at (0.01) level in favour of experimental group. This result confirmed the effect of interactive maps in developing spatial ability of historical events and technology acceptance of second year secondary school students. Based on the results, a set of recommendations and suggestions for further researches were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the studies carried out in order to reduce the consumption of the volume of coke required for the production of pig iron in the furnace. Reducing coke consumption is necessary because it is an increasingly expensive material that increases the production cost of pig iron. Internationally, for the partial replacement of coke, auxiliary fuels were generally used in the form of gas or in liquid form, and the most used turned out to be methane. This process is limited by the fact that the temperature in the furnace is difficult to ensure. The studies carried out have demonstrated that, under the given conditions, it is possible to directly introduce electricity into the crucible, the charge of the crucible presenting properties of electrical resistance that allow the application of additional electrical heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the manifestations of narrative hegemony in two novels by the Iraqi writer Falah Rahim, namely: (Hedgehogs on a Hot Day) and (The Sound of Drums from afar), through the implicit author and his relationship to ideology, the fictional character and its relationship to identity . The term hegemony is one of the central terms in studies of critical discourse analysis, especially in the theoretical approach enacted by the English academic Norman Faircliffe, which is the adopted approach in this research. Therefore, it was worth starting with a brief definition of this theoretical trend, followed by the discussion of the implicit author, and then discussing his relationship with hegemony and ideology in the novel (The Hedgehogs on a Hot Day), and then moving on to discuss the relationship of personality with dominance and identity in the novel (The Sound of the Drums from Far). The analysis in this research is based on interpretation and interpretation, and linking the text with the social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, to solve the multi-objective problem of distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) in the presence of distributed generation (DG), the hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA) has been proposed, which is a combination of particle optimization (PSO) and gravitational (GSA) optimization algorithm. In this field, the power losses and operating costs are the two most used objective functions in the literature. In addition to the mentioned objective functions, this paper also considers the optimal generation capacity of DG resources and energy not supplied (ENS), which is one of the basic reliability indexes of distribution networks. In this paper, the values of different objective functions are normalized by the fuzzy method, and also the Fuzzy decision-maker is used to determine the most optimal solution among the Pareto-optimal solutions. The proposed algorithm is implemented on IEEE 70-bus and 119-bus test systems. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed PSOGSA in improving the considered objective functions. The proposed method, by establishing a suitable fit between different objective functions has introduced a more efficient structure with lower losses and operating costs, as well as greater reliability, compared to other optimization algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims at studying Verbal Signifiers of some Prophetic words and expressions that were mentioned in the book al-adāb waatharuha fi al-tawjeeh al-akhlāqi, because the traditions (hadith) or have a good impact on the education and rehabilitating of selves, and correction of ethics. The good ethics are including choosing virtues and doing away with vices. Moreover, good ethics are of the traits of the prophets (May Allah send prayers and peace upon them) and saints(May Allah be pleased with them). This research paper is divided into two sections: section one concerning ordinary people-related expressions, which including taking care of parents, boosting relations with next of kin. The second section appertain to taking care of orphans, and helping the widows, the needy plus clarifying the duties towards neighbours. This research paper comes to the conclusion that righteous ethics are essential for survival of nations, and ethical degradation leads to fast-disappearing of nations. So, Muslims should adhere to the prophet's instructions which were mentioned in hadith in order to promote the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the sudden outbreak of what is known as the GCC crisis or the blockade on June 5, 2017, the four nations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) involved in the conflict –the State of Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the Kingdom of Bahrain – have found themselves in a diplomatic race for the support of their position on the rift in traditional media, as well as on social media platforms. This paper focuses on the different ways the ministries of foreign affairs (MOFAs) and the ministers of foreign affairs (MFAs) used Twitter as an instrument of digital diplomacy during the first 100 days of the GCC crisis. In general, states tweet on a daily basis, and the ways in which a sovereign state presents itself online offers an insight into the patterns of representation of state identity, strategy, emotional expression, and recognition of others. This study is based on the content analysis of tweets created by the MOFAs and their respective MFAs of the GCC, with a focus on Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Bahrain over the first 100 days of the crisis (June 5, 2017–September 13, 2017). This paper uses different types of tweets to examine the various kinds of political and diplomatic discourses perpetuated on Twitter by the GCC officials, in order to engage the online public sphere and navigate the domestic and international discourses. For example, if ministers engage in dialogue with their followers, then they are exercising a two-way digital diplomacy approach via Twitter. On the contrary, when they tweet about their bilateral meetings, it is an example of a one-way digital diplomacy approach, since they do not require any response from their followers. It was of specific interest to examine the differences of topic, content, and frequency of tweets, through the communication in Arabic and English. The study shows that the countries engaged in discourse around the topic of the blockade, but the type of discourse differed significantly depending on the state itself. While some chose to focus on the idea of legitimizing their stance on the topic of the blockade (i.e. Saudi Arabia), others were more direct in voicing their viewpoint, creating specific hashtags such as "#boycottQatar" (i.e. Bahrain). In addition, Qatar differed significantly in terms of the volume of tweets and the topic, tweeting often in both Arabic and English and shifting their focus towards affirming their strong diplomatic relations with countries outside the GCC, such as the Republic of Turkey. Overall, this study aims to compare the way the four GCC countries used Twitter, in order to engage their local and international communities to disseminate an image or a message. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]