Search

The low proficiency attainment in English language among Malaysian learners has been given main attention in Malaysia Ministry of Education’s plan to further improve education. Part of the plan is by introducing literature components in the teaching and learning of English language curriculum. This has immediately changed the scenario of teaching and learning in English language classroom. This paper will review past studies related to the implementation of Literature component in English language by looking specifically at the teacher’s roles since teachers are the direct factor contributor in learners’ process of learning and teaching. Apart of roles in the learning process, teachers’ approaches employed in teaching literature component will be critically reviewed in this paper and suitable approaches available in teaching literature in English will be put forward.

This study is meant to examine the thesis quality of students of English Department at IAIN Samarinda. Through the descriptive-quantitative research, the thesis quality of students of English Department at IAIN Samarinda is reviewed from the aspects of language, structure, concepts understanding, theoretical framework, methodology, content, writing mechanism, and references used. This study also tries to figure out any factors that affect the thesis quality of English Department students. Fourteen English Department Students’ thesis tested in 2013 are used as the main data. In addition, other data are obtained from respondents i.e. 19 students, and informants i.e. lecturers of English Department who are also their thesis advisors. The result shows that the average score of thesis written by 14 English Department students at IAIN Samarinda academic year of 2013 is 3.16 which is in the range of 2.61-3.40 scale, which is quite good quality. This quality is relevant with the informants’ perceptions about the quality of thesis written by their students. Judging from some aspects, they assume that their students are able to write a good quality of thesis with an average score of 2.81 which is at a scale of 2.61-3.40. The quality is affected by internal factors and external factors. The most decisive internal factor is the respondents’ low score of writing with appropriate and acceptable structure in English. This is the effect of respondents’ lack of ability of composing adequate paragraphs in English. Meanwhile, the most concerning external factor is the quality of learning structure course and the professionalism of the informants in guiding the students to improve their writing ability in thesis writing.

This article aimed at describing students’ difficulties in writing research-based paper. It is expected that lecturers who teach research methodology course will get a lot of benefit from this study. The respondents of this research was 131 students who conducted a research which employed qualitative design and wrote their articles which showed the research results. The data gained showed that the university students’ who became the respondents had difficulties in writing research-based article related toqualitative research design. The difficulties were: most of the students showed their difficulties in identifying the research instrument, data sources, and relevant sources that support their research. Next, they were also had obstacle in explaining or discussing the result of their research. It means that they did not understand that qualitative researchdesign employs snowballing technique and enabling the researcher to generate theory.

Purpose - This research aims to analyze the understanding of coherence and cohesion made by the 3rd year students of English education program on their academic writing at Islamic Institute of Bukittinggi. Design/methodology/approach - This was descriptive research which explains the phenomena concerns on the data due to field finding. This research applied for the library based work where the data was taken by using document analysis and interview. Findings - The result of the research showed that the numbers of students were still difficult to construct the idea cohesively and coherently. The result of the students’ understanding on coherence and cohesion showed that there were 59% students who were considered in need to improve and also followed by good work and could be better with 27% and 14% respectively. It can be explained that students were lack of ability to write the idea smoothly and grammatically correct. The interview result showed that there were three main reasons for this. Those are lack of motivation, limited lecture duration and prior English knowledge. Originality/value - coherence and cohesion are parts of academic writing that should be mastered by students in order to create a good thesis. Specifically for the students who will graduate from Higher Education. Paper type – Research paper

This paper described the interconnection model of morals-reasoning-research in the curriculum of Tarbiyatul Muallimien al-Islamiyah (known as TMI) Al-Amien Prenduan. It also examined the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the interconnected-curriculum. It is a case study employing observation, interviews and documentation, and the data were analyzed using qualitative analysis. Two conclusions were drawn. First, TMI uses multidisciplinary approaches in its curriculum by interconnecting morals, reason and research. Morals are instilled through reading and learning the morals books such as Ta‘lîm al-Muta‘allim and Iḥyâ’ ‘Ulûm al-Dîn. The reasoning skills are taught through school subjects such as logic, Islamic jurisprudence and the science of hadith. In contrast, the research skills are taught through research subjects and a compulsory program called writing a research paper. Second, the class classification model, which takes students’ talent and interest into account, and other research-related programs such as book review and fatḥ al-kutub (classical book research) are the supporting factors for the writing program. They are accommodating for students in completing their writing. Meanwhile, there are also numbers of inhibiting factors such as student’s lacking motivation, the prohibition of internet use, unsuitable supervisor expertise, and the minimum role of Islamic Study Center (Pusdilam).

Although much research has been written on the idea of substance abuse in the American theater, this paper presents a new perspective by discussing how the abuser can undergo an identity change. Drug and alcohol addiction is one of the salient themes of twentieth-century American theater. Playwrights like Eugene O’Neill depicted this social problem in their plays by drawing upon their own personal experience in substance abuse. The paper examines alcoholism and drug addiction in O’Neill’s Long Day's Journey into Night. It shows how addicts experience identity change during the course of their addiction. The main argument, in this paper, is based on some sociological research on alcoholism and identity change proposed by Tammy L. Anderson. Identity transformation of the addicts may result from the existence of various personal and environmental factors, which correlate to personal and social identity respectively. These factors will be used in relation to the characters of the play to show how addicts and alcoholics pass through several stages to reach their final identity change. Those characters, by immersing themselves in substance intake, cease to belong to ‘normals’ and in their search for a new identity they liaise with ‘deviants’ where they find affinity. When the curtain is drawn, the addicted characters have already embarked on their journey which will end, both literally and figuratively, in haziness and fog, a strong indication of their loss of sense of existence and self-awareness.

This paper discusses one way to improve teacher competency through academic supervision as a form of implementation of TQM (Total Quality Management). Academic supervision is considered to be able to provide solutions in the improvement process, as well as improving the quality of teachers in an educational institution. This paper focuses on theoretical concepts, objectives, principles, planning, and techniques in the implementation and follow-up of academic supervision. Sources of data in this paper are obtained through collecting data and information through bibliographic aids or commonly referred to as reference books. This paper uses qualitative research methodologies with applied research. The results of this paper indicate that true academic supervision can improve teacher competence in an educational institution. Of course this is supported by careful planning, also the right techniques in its implementation. However, because this academic supervision is a form of implementing TQM, it refers to one of the characteristics of TQM that is continuous improvement, it is necessary to have a follow-up as a form of continual improvement over the implementation of academic supervision that has been carried out previously by the school principal or madrasa headmaster. Thus, the results to be achieved from this implementation are improvements, as well as increasing teacher competence in an educational institution.

The present article is aimed at revealing and analyzing the literacy culture implemented by Islamic education (PAI) teachers in Bengkulu city. This study explores and analyzes the problem qualitatively. The method used in collecting data is deep observation of 37 SMA(s) in Bengkulu city. In addition, interviews and surveys were also used by distributing questionnaires to representatives of PAI teachers from 37 SMA/SMK when they were invited to attend a workshop on enhancing literacy culture for PAI teachers. After collecting the data, it was analyzed with the Miles and Huberman style flow model, namely data collection, data reduction: the presentation of data in the form of a percentage of indicators of low reading and percentage of written papers made by PAI teachers; and conclusions. The results showed that literacy culture of PAI teachers, in the context of the habit of reading scientific books and writing scientific papers, was a relatively low. This is influenced by the lack of practice and habit of writing scientific papers such as PTK. The use of digital media such as e-book applications, e-learning, and google shcolar for learning is also low. However, teachers always tell students to visit the library to read books when assignments are given. It was followed that the literacy culture of PAI teachers in Bengkulu city is quite good, but the utilization of digital literacy is still low.

Collocations usage among translation master students in the University of Algiers II seems rather irregular when it comes to the transfer of English into Arabic. This paper examines the extent and causes of this irregularity through a descriptive field study conducted among students’ assessments. It also inquires the means to consolidate translation data towards their mother tongue first, and to spontaneously and correctly make them use collocations when translating into Arabic. This paper aims at suggesting long-term solutions for undergraduate translators’ culture widening for a future style improvement. In a nutshell, it is admitted that in order to preserve Arabic from weakness and to universally spread its culture, more consideration is to be offered to translation since it is a solid channel for a daily usage of collocations. Purposefully and consequently then, many outstanding books on collocations proved efficient when read by students in a limited period of time; the assessments, full of collocations usage, showed how fruitful the books were and how they bettered the students’ style as far as collocations are concerned.

This paper discusses the contribution of neuroscience in the development of the Arabic language curriculum of the modern era with the development of a very strategic and practical reconstruction. One of them is the emergence of integration between nation, brain based learning, and character building using a neuroscience approach. The basic point of this study is the right brain functional statement as the basic for developing the Arabic language curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding that the learning process of Arabic can be integrated with the neuroscience approach. This type of research used library research with content analysis in the form of descriptive analysis using primary sources in the form of bibliographies and scientific journal articles. The results showed that the application of neuroscience can be implemented in the formulation of Arabic curriculum development with a series; 1) optimization of the right and left brain nerve system; 2) integrating the role of the brain into the educational and psychological basis of cognitive aspects (Arabic substance), psychomotor (mastery of Arabic language skills), and affective (attitudes, values, and characters) into Arabic learning; 3) interconnecting these three aspecs into the nature of the objectives, methods, strategies of learning Arabic. On this basis, neuroscience can be implicated in the standard development of Arabic learning curriculum in the modern era.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to understand the process and constraints of using the method an-nahḍiyah in teaching reading the Koran - basic Arabic language - through online books. Design/methodology/approach - Because this research focuses on uncovering the learning process with a particular method, the design chosen is qualitative with direct observation to find out the process of applying the method and interviews with several instructors related to the constraints experienced. Findings - The findings of this study, that teaching with the method an-nahḍiyah through online books there are two stages carried out, namely guided learning with teachers and independent. Furthermore, because this teaching is in an-nahḍiyah, the teacher must be able to ensure the learning objectives are achieved. Originality/value – The benefit of this research is that teaching at an- nahḍiyah is not as easy as the level afterward, and the teacher must realize that at this level teaching must follow and according to the convenience of students, not vice versa students must follow any method applied by a teacher. Paper type – Concept Paper

The advancement of knowledge and technology presents its own challenges to Muslims’ socio-religious life. One of them is the progress in the medical field regarding organ transplants of animals to humans. Religious problems arise when animals used in transplantation are those that are deemed unlawful (haram) by Islamic texts. On the one hand, organ transplants provide benefits for humanity, but on the other, donors of transplants are unlawful animals. This paper examines the lawfulness of using the body parts of pigs, whose unlawfulness is stated in many verses of the Qur'an. This study uses a contextual interpretation introduced by Abdullah Saeed. Based on contextual considerations, this study concludes that QS. al-Baqarah: 173, QS. al-Maidah: 3, QS. al-Anam: 145 and QS. an-Nahl: 115 prohibit pork for consumption. The commentators of the Qur’an have differences of opinion concerning the uses of pigs beyond consumption. This paper suggests that using the body parts of pigs is legitimate. This is reinforced by QS. al-Baqarah: 173 which explains an emergency context. Pigs do not belong to the category of najis ‘aini, which allows it to be transplanted into the human body. However, some conditions need to be fulfilled for transplantation. The transplantation permitted if these is not rise risk of further to harm and a recommendation from the doctor about the patient's condition.

The subject of this research paper is the teaching of Turkish as a foreign language. The authors’ more than twenty-year experience in teaching Turkish to university students constitutes the empirical foundation of this investigation. The theoretical and methodological basis of this research is the source criticism method, the experimental method, the questionnaire method of data collection and the statistical method. The history of foreign languages teaching methods is analysed, and special attention is paid to the approaches of teaching grammar, discussed in methodological works. Implicit and explicit approaches to the teaching of grammar are especially examined in this paper. The subject of this research is oriented at teaching Turkish as a major and training future specialists in Turkish interpreting/ translation and future teachers/ lecturers in Turkish, therefore, the authors of this paper stress upon the necessity of teaching grammar on the basis of conscious perception principle as a separate subject of study in strict integrity with the communicational approach. The list of problems and difficulties in learning Turkish grammar by Ukrainian students at University level was established as a result of this research as well as the sources of these difficulties are deduced which mostly originate in genetical and typological differences between the Ukrainian language, native for Ukrainian students, and Turkish, which is the language of their future professional activities. The mentioned difficulties are grouped on two levels which are morphology and syntax according to the level of difficulty for Ukrainian students in terms of the conscious perception of grammatical facts and phenomena and their subsequent application in actual practice. The ways of overcoming the problems and difficulties in teaching and learning Turkish grammar are also offered in this paper. At the same time textbooks and grammar manuals published in Turkey, Ukraine and European countries are examined in terms of grammar teaching. The grammatical subjects to be investigated in detail for increasing the level of mastering Turkish by Ukrainian students at universities are listed.

In education the various problems faced by teachers is still often the case, came successive as the development of the times. Ranging from lack of mastery of the material in the learning process, a lack of understanding on curriculum applied, stuttering in operating technology, often active on social media with things which are not educating which led to the loss of authority as a teacher and others. This paper uses qualitative research methods. Reasons to use qualitative research methods because the author wanted to describe the naturally muswarah on the role of teachers of subjects in improving teacher competence. Conclusion in this paper, the role MGMP in improving teacher competence Education of Islam among them as a forum, a. teacher competency through increased competence of pedagogic, social competence, personality, competencies, competency and professional, b. intellectual capacity building of teachers, c. as a discussion forum to find solutions in the face of challenges in the process of learning, d. increased sustainable profession forum.

This article discusses how the student inter-organization of Arabic Literature study program in University of Al Azhar Indonesia takes role in enhancing quality of studying four Arabic language skills among students. This paper was focused on student organization mentoring pattern, type of program of activities formed by the organization, and the extent of students’ active participation as organization member in running the program. This paper used qualitative descriptive method. This paper proposed: (1) The concept of kinship became the foundation for managing the organization, especially in the way it is operated. (2) Program of activities in the organization varied in a sense that some programs were in line so to support the purpose of learning Arabic skill, while there were also programs that did not consider Arabic fluency. However, the latter was designed to harness students soft skills, and develop students talent and interest. (3) The extent of students participation seems adequate, although some students did not yet play their expected functional role as member of student organization.

The Indonesian language as the medium of instruction indirectly affects all sectors of life across the nation. Starting from business, workplace, and entertainment to education, Indonesian language is used as the main standard language. The usage of the Indonesian language leads the hypothesized thought that it may in one side eradicate the existing tribal languages gradually. While in another side it may also have beneficial aspects like helping people (different ethnic group) to communicate as well as assisting remote learners to study English better. Due to the cases happen in two divergent conditions, this paper examines the use of Indonesian language in facilitating learners to study English. The result of this short paper shows that Indonesian language implication to some extent helps learners to study English better than those who use tribal language as their daily language to communicate. In term of second language acquisition, Indonesian language helps learners achieve some words through translation. Children in different region have different language acquisition as well as their style of learning a foreign language. Those who live in a “sophisticated” area are likely familiar with the Indonesian language that leads them learn English better than those who live in a suburban area.

Metacognition has been popular in reading area, especially when it is related to comprehension and the representation of meanings. Combining metacognitive strategies to represent meanings from a text has been done by previous scholars to help readers construct meaning. In this paper, we present students’ drawings and writings as the results of successive visualisation and summarisation activities in the classroom. We intended to find out the extent to which students’ visual representations can be the guideline for them to write summaries. By employing qualitative research method, we collected visual representations and summaries from 26 undergraduate students studying at the English Education Department of Syiah Kuala University. To understand students’ drawings, we consulted some literature on visual literacy and multimodality; while for the analysis of students’ writings, we reviewed some literature on functional model to language. Based on the analysis, a productive visual representation leads to a strong summary, and vice versa. This result is further discussed in this paper.

The Understanding of Abstract Concept of Islamic Teachings on Children Through a Synectic Approach and Analogic Cues in the Quran. The weakness of learning outcomes in understanding the concept of abstract has resulted in the spread of negative daily behavior. As an example of cheating behavior, disruptive behavior of other friends, dishonest behavior in the school cafeteria, truancy behavior, unsanitary and religious behavior, behaviors that can harm themselves and their environment. This paper seeks to analyze the message of the Quran that suggests that education applies the analogy method, which in reality has been realized as a synectic approach. The analysis of the discussion in this paper uses the perspective of various related theories of science; psychology, paedagogy, philosophy, and implications for related theories. As a result of the analysis, it can be concluded that the synectic approach as a form of implication step of the Quran cues about the use of analogies, is relevant to be used in learning the abstract aspect of religious teaching for children, especially for teenagers (junior high school).

The paper reveals the relevance of the implementation of group including educational-training classes with students, technologies of differentiation in planning the parameters of physical loads corresponding to the current state of the respondents. The paper presents the results of the directed use of individually-oriented health-improving programs designed for those engaged in them taking into account the results of detailed analysis of the level of their physical fitness, health and functional status: the conducted pedagogical experiment has shown that it was possible to achieve a significant health-improving effect (i.e. to increase the level of health by at least 1 point) in 32.6% of cases, which is 15.2% higher than in the control group, and to improve the level of the morphofunctional state of the organism in several features for all students of the experimental group. The level of general physical fitness of 91% of respondents increased on average by 18%, which is more than 50% higher than the control group. The organizational and methodological conditions necessary to apply these technologies in group training classes at the university with the purpose of optimizing the physical education of students are specified.

This paper looks into how two main frameworks view the acquisition of syntax. These are the nativist approach which claims that language is acquired because human beings are equipped with a language acquisition device in the form of grammatical knowledge, and the cognitivist approach which views language like the other cognitive skills and so claims that we acquire language using general cognitive mechanisms that are not specific to language. The paper reviews a number of studies that report on the acquisition of various aspects of the syntax of natural language; the studies are from both frameworks. The paper then evaluates the claims of the reviewed studies in light of the respective findings, as well as in light of how the findings may be interpreted by the other framework. The paper also presents an analysis of the argumentation techniques that the respective authors use, as well as of how effective they are. It concludes with a proposal for a line of research which is based on research techniques and findings in second language acquisition.

The interesting teaching and learning of Malay languages is a challenging effort and need a relevant plan to the students’ needs especially for the foreign students who already have the basic Indonesian Malay language variation that they have learned for four semesters in their own country, Germany. Therefore, the variety of teaching and learning strategies should be considered by the teachers to make teaching and learning become interesting, effective and not boring. Basic effectiveness of a language program was the factors of socio-culture, the style of teaching and learning, the students, and the characteristics of the program. This paper however focused on the socio-cultural factors (learning of cultures) and the activities program that enable to generate excitement and effectiveness in the teaching and learning of Malay language as a foreign language. In the teaching and learning process found that the more we gave the activities to the students, the more the students acquired the meaning of the lessons. In this study, the selected respondents were the two groups of students from TWG, Konstanz, Germany who have followed the Malay Language and Culture Program in the Languages, Literacies and Translation Center, University of Sains Malaysia, Penang, in 2011. The first group was started in March to June, and the second group in September to November. The research was based on formal and informal observations and interviews. This paper also discussed about the outdoor activities program used as curriculum in the teaching and learning process that gives an interesting environment to foreign students

Teaching English as Foreign Language emphasizes on teaching discourse in the classroom. This paper is presented focusing on conceptual paper in teaching reading. Specifically, this study focuses on written discourse discussing on the use of narrative text to teach students’ reading skill. In foreign language teaching, teaching reading is one of important goal that students want to achieve. This paper focuses on one of English text type that is narrative text. It covers the theoretical basis dealing with the method of teaching reading, the use of narrative text that applies the text discourse analysis and the use of story grammar strategy. Furthermore, it also covers the teaching procedure (pre-teaching, whilst-teaching, post-teaching), reflection, and conclusion. Finally, it presents the reflection and conclusion of this analysis. The result shows that students’ comprehension can be enhance through story grammar in the teaching of reading narrative text along with appropriate assessment for them.

We argue in this paper that there are voices in Omani classical poetry that challenged the dominant cultural discourse and deviated from it. The paper is divided into two parts. Part one is mainly theoretical. We start by introducing Omani poetic discourse as one in which different voices compete. We then refer to literary theory to establish that poetry by definition challenges public discourse. Part two is practical. Taking what is established in Part 1 as our point of departure, we practically substantiate our claim by discussing excerpts from Omani classical poetry. We conclude by putting forward suggestions for further study.

TThis paper discusses the social aspects of the language varieties in the contemporary Omani society as a critical dimension of this society, as a means of acquiring social behavior and as a symbol of the Omani social identity. The study underscores the importance of this diversity in contemporary society and its relationship with culture, thought and behavior. The paper gives an overview of the various aspects of this phenomenon and the interrelationship between these social aspects on the one hand and between them and the society on the other hand. The paper also discusses some common sociolinguistic terms and concepts which are used to describe the language varieties in Oman and the interrelationships between them. .

This paper examines the potential benefit of developing children’s mental capacities through art (painting, music, crafts, and visual perception). The paper shows that art can be properly used with different age groups. The art work of 11 year old children can be analyzed to discover their intellectual capacities and psychological traits. The study recommends that parents and educators study the problems that face Arab children in general and Omani children in particular through the use of arts. This paper also looks into the various ways of developing cognitive and practical skills of special needs students and how to communicate with them through arts and through the modes of communication these children use to interact with the world. The study also investigates the possibility of performing some of these arts according to the type of disability. The study is based on the main international academic models used in this area to enhance children’s artistic abilities. The paper highlights the psychological stages children go through and the impact on these children’s mental, educational and behavioral development. The problems that some children face should be properly dealt with through providing such children with training in various types of arts under the supervision of a specialist.

The search for the basis of religious experience among neurological processes in the brain has resulted in a widespread debate within, as well as outside the academic world. The aim of this paper is to analyze to what extent a neuro-psychological theory could explain the phenomenon of religious experience. To clarify what the neuro-psychological studies of the present paper mean by the concept of religious experience, the concept has been divided into three different types: The Erlebnis or RErl type, the Erfahrung or RErf type and the ideological type of religious experience or RIT type. Furthermore, the present paper is focused on the work of neuro-psychologist M. A. Persinger [1997, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1987, 1985, and 1984]. In his studies, Persinger indicates that mystical experience (RErl) has its seat in the right hemisphere of the human brain, whereas (religious) ideology (RIT) is related to the left hemisphere. Consequently, the hemisphere in which the (religious) experience is taking place seems to label the type of experience. Persinger, interested in the powerful effects of religious experience (of the RErf type) on human beings, asserts that if we could understand the neuro-cognitive processes involved in experiencing religiously, such processes might be copied for clinical use in order to improve psychiatric therapy for curing depression. Thus, Persinger studied and compared people practicing religious meditation with people who did not, and also studied the results of PET scanning on the experiences of schizophrenic and epileptic patients. PET scanning measures the metabolic activity in the hemispheres, ranging it on a scale from under normal to over normal activity. This paper will account for the relevance of comparing these two apparently different studies and for the problem arising the experience of pain because, neurologically, pain, like religious experience,is said to be caused by processes in the human brain.

This study is an attempt to investigate pronunciation material and tasks and/or activities along with teaching methods in Sunrise 7-9 series adopted by the ministry of education in KRG to be taught in basic schools all over Kurdistan region of Iraq. The rationale of the study is the obvious deficiency of basic school students’ performance, more specifically of student's pronunciation and speaking skill. Pronunciation is regarded as one of the basic components in learning English, hence conducting this study is deemed necessary. This paper focuses on investigating pronunciation material, tasks/exercises and teaching methods used from the teachers' and researchers' perspectives. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to 51 English teachers who have taught these books for at least three years in Basic Schools in Erbil city and an observation checklist was designed to observe 30 lesson periods of teachers. The data are analyzed through SPSS program to find out the frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The results reveal that most of the teachers are (not quite) satisfied with the pronunciation material, more than half of teachers are not satisfied with the tasks and exercises due to time and lack of equipment, almost none of the teachers use effective and suitable teaching methods and the sound files found within the teachers' book of the series. Based on the results, some new pronunciation material, new tasks, exercises, teaching strategies and also some recommendations are presented.

Despite the fact that postpartum depression has been explicitly referred to in Elif Shafak’s novel Black Milk (2007), there are many implicit references to this negative mental state. This paper aims to examine the metaphorical representations which are used to conceptualize the experience of postpartum depression. The study attempts to understand how the experience of postpartum depression is metaphorically constructed and conveyed via the use of conceptual metaphors. This study differs from previous studies which examined Shafak’s Black Milk; the current study attempts a cognitive approach to its metaphorical language. The study applies insights from Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1980; 2003) to selected metaphors from Shafak’s novel Black Milk. The study is the first of its kind; it offers a stylistic examination of the metaphors of postpartum. The application of conceptual metaphor theory, in our opinion, serves as a useful tool that allows better understanding of how the abstract state of postpartum depression is understood and communicated through the course of the novel. The study also discusses the cross-domain mapping process to see how conceptual structures are selected from different source domains and mapped onto the target domain of postpartum depression to unveil the negative effects of this distressing experience.

Outcome-Based Education (OBE) is known as the new curriculum that seeks students' outcomes after learning about the materials. According to that, an evaluation through the textbook, as the most-used source in teaching English, especially in Extensive Reading, is needed. The purpose of this paper is to identify whether the textbook is suitable or not based on the OBE principles. Moreover, some capable lecturers participated in evaluating this textbook using a reliable checklist. This research used a descriptive quantitative method with the results showed that in terms of module contents, this textbook is 'very poor,' in terms of module language items, this textbook is 'poor,' then in terms of module presentation expediency, this textbook is 'very poor.' The findings of this study pointed out many lacks of the textbook that need improvement.

This paper aims to explore an Intensive Course Program in Arabic learning at one of the Islamic Boarding schools for girls in Indonesia. it is expected that Students in this Intensive Course understand two skills in Arabic, namely speaking and reading skills. Also, it aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Intensive Course Program. This study utilized a descriptive qualitative approach with three data collection techniques; observation, interviews, and documentation. It used Miles and Huberman’s technique in analyzing the data. This study showed that: 1) Implementation of Intensive Course Program in Arabic learning at the one of Islamic Boarding Schools for girls in Indonesia aimed to improve language skill including reading and deductive skill including speaking. 2) Pertinent to the strengths and weaknesses of the Intensive Course, the learning system is advantagous to enhance other specific skills, ranging from students’ proficiencies in reading and speaking in Arabic. However, there are also drawbacks. For example, an excellent Arabic environment has not been created due to the lack of students’ awareness of making them accustomed to speaking Arabic.

This paper aims to analyze personal ethics and time management on the study habits of students of the Islamic Religious Education Study Program (PAI), the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training (FTIK) of the Langsa State Islamic Institute (IAIN). This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods. The data collection was done by using interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using data reduction techniques, narrative data presentation, conclusion drawing and data verification. The results of this study indicate that (1) students understand and practice learning ethics well in accordance with the ethical guidelines of students at IAIN Langsa, (2) students' time management in learning is divided into two, namely students who actively make daily activity schedule, plans and targets they want to achieve. achieved, while there are students who are in the inactive category in managing study time, and (3) the study habits of PAI FTIK IAIN Langsa students are classified into 2, namely 73% are active and enjoy learning alone and 27% are active and enjoy participating in group learning.

The purpose of the research was to uncover the effectiveness of a proposed training program for the development of innovative creative practices and creative classroom interaction for physical education teachers. The researchers used the experimental approach to suitability and the nature of the research. The research community consists of male and female of physical education in the schools of the governorate working center for the academic year 2017-2018, ) male and female teachers of sport education in the left and right side of the city of Mosul. The sample included (48) male and female teachers (31) male and female teachers of the experimental group, and (17) teachers and teachers of the same scientific qualification, taking into account the factor years of experience And parity between the two groups in the variables of age in years, the service ). The training program consisted of (6) theoretical and practical training modules distributed over two weeks, with 3 training units per week in each training unit. The duration of the training session was 90 minutes. The researchers also constructed a test of creative classroom interaction and interaction According to the scientific steps to build the tests, the researchers prepared the training plans as well as the working papers and the training activities in the sample of the research. The researchers used the computer method and the tools of the statistical method, , equation of Spurman Brown, and the scale of the effect). The researchers concluded: 1. The experimental group is superior to the control group in the post-test. 2. The effectiveness of the training program in the development of creative and creative classroom interaction for the study of physical education through the values ​​of the calculated effect of the total degree of the pivot of the test of the creative and creative interaction of teachers and teachers of physical education. The researchers have put recommendations as follows: 1. Adopting the proposed training program for the development of creative classroom interaction and interaction methods for physical education. 2. Adopting the test of innovative classroom creative and interaction practices. 3 - Adoption of the educational material prepared in this regard.

Chemical castration is a punishment against pedophiles, who have committed acts of crime that are considered an extraordinary crime. Pedophiles have ruined the future of children, with tremendous psychological and environmental impacts. This paper aims to uncover the problems of fiqh in Indonesia concerning chemical castration which has the aim of providing a deterrent effect for rape perpetrators of children. The data collection method in this study uses the literature study. There are differences in the views of legal experts with doctors. Legal experts decide on penalties for pedophiles with Law Number. 17 of 2016 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number. 23 of 2002 concerning Protection of Children, while the Indonesian Doctors Association states reject chemical castration punishment, following the Code of Ethics as stated in the rules of the Medical Code of Ethics Assembly (MKEK) Number. 1 of 2016 concerning Chemical Castration. Fiqh experts disagree over the castration penalty for chemistry. There is no castration punishment in the fiqh, because the Prophet Muhammad forbade castration, as opposed to Islamic principles. Some fiqh experts agree that chemical castration punishment includes ta'zīr, which is a sentence handed over entirely to the legitimate government. Thus, although the castration chemical punishment has been determined, in its implementation there are problems because there are still rejections and problems according to the fiqh expert

The article reveals the direction of remedial work, using the WebQuest as a means of developing communicative competence of the children with intellectual impairments in general and with Down syndrome in particular. Within the framework of the study of communicative competence of the children with Down syndrome, we have carried out a theoretical analysis of the literature of domestic and foreign scholars. Based on the analysis of literature sources, the structural components of the communicative sphere of senior preschool-age children with Down syndrome were identified and a diagnostic programme was developed. The study identified and described the peculiarities of the communicative sphere of the child with Down syndrome, namely: a low level of expressive speech, an insufficient level of interest in a joint activity, incomprehension of communication norms and incomprehension of cause-and-effect relationship in communicative situations. The aim of the forming experiment was to develop a methodology for enriching communicative competence of the senior preschool-age children with Down syndrome. The paper describes the specifics of the use of WebQuests for the formation of communication skills during a remedial and developmental process. "A Magic Forest" WebQuest technology, which was developed by us, includes tasks aimed at forming components of communicative competence, the lack of which was revealed during the ascertaining experiment, namely: the development of expressive speech, the development of interest in a joint activity, the development of an understanding of communication norms, understanding cause-and-effect relationship in communicative situations. The article presents the results of experimental verification of the effectiveness of the WebQuest technology in the development of communicative competence of the child with Down syndrome. Such a form of work as WebQuest actuates the cognitive activity of a child with intellectual impairments and makes a remedial and developmental process more effective, interesting, diverse, and modern.