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A study was done during two consecutive seasons of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 to study the effects of humic acid (HU 4, 8, and 12 kg/hectare) as the main plot and BM (Azotobacter chrococum, Azospirulm Brasiliense, and Bacillus polymaxa) and algae extracts (ALG) as the subplot as well as their interactions on plant growth. The design of the experiment was a split plot, including 16 treatments and three replicates. The results showed that the growth parameters, fruit yield measurement, and oil production were noticeably enhanced using humic acid and biostimulants (BM and ALG). In this concern, the high-rise values were obtained by utilizing the high level of HU (12 kg/hectare) with bio-fertilizer (BM + ALG) application compared with control during both seasons. Also, GCMS analysis of the volatile oil revealed that HU and a mixture of bacteria and algae extract had improved the primary volatile oil components of coriander (Linalool - α-Pinene - γ-Terpinene - P-Cymene - Geranial Acetate).

The research applied ASPRS standards to determine the necessary number of check points to evaluate accuracy, with a proposed application of a simple method to identify outliers in elevation differences. Tests were conducted in the Latakia Governorate after dividing it into three areas: a moderate slope area, a moderate steep slope area, and a steep slope area. As for the check points, they were extracted from a topographic map with a scale of 1/25000.The results showed a strong positive correlation between reference elevations and elevations extracted from both the SRTM and ASTER models in all test areas, with a Pearson coefficient value of 0.99. It was also found that the vertical accuracy of the SRTM model is better than that of the ASTER model in the moderate slope area, where this accuracy reached 11.899m. In the case of the moderate steep slope area, the research found that the elevations extracted from the SRTM model are more accurate than those extracted from the ASTER model, with a vertical accuracy value of 21.609m for the SRTM model and 23.145m for the ASTER model. In the case of steep slope area, it was found that the elevations extracted from the ASTER model are more accurate than those extracted from the SRTM model, with a vertical accuracy of 36.770 meters for the ASTER model and 40.538 meters for the SRTM model.

يهدف البحث إلى استنباط معايير تصميم الحدائق المصرية القديمة، للاستفادة بها؛ سواء في تصميم حدائق على الطراز المصري القديم عمومًا، أو حدائق المتاحف وحدائق المواقع الأثرية المصرية القديمة التي تتسم بالبعد تمامًا عن معايير حديقة الموقع الأثري كما نصت عليها وثيقة "نارا". ذلك عن طريق دراسة كل المصادر التي تناولت الحديقة المصرية القديمة من آثار ونماذج ونقوش ونصوص، واستقراء مبادئ التصميم، وعناصر الحديقة، وتأثر كل منهما بالعوامل البيئية والعقائدية والوظيفية في مصر القديمة، وتقديمها كقاعدة بيانات للمهتمين بتطوير حدائق على الطراز المصري القديم. The research aims to derive design standards for ancient Egyptian gardens, in order to benefit from them. Whether in designing gardens in the ancient Egyptian style in general, or museum gardens and gardens of ancient Egyptian archaeological sites, which are completely far from the standards of the archaeological site garden as stipulated in the “Nara” document. This is done by studying all the sources that dealt with the ancient Egyptian garden, including antiquities, models, inscriptions and texts, and extrapolating the design principles and elements of the garden, and the influence of each of them on the environmental, ideological and functional factors in ancient Egypt, and presenting it as a database for those interested in developing gardens in the ancient Egyptian style.

تواجه المناطق التاريخية تحديات كبيرة عالمياً ومحلياً، حيث التحضر السريع وتزايد معدلات الهجرة والتنمية غير الواعية بأهمية التراث، وقصور الخطاب الكلاسيكي للتراث، وبالتالي، دعا مركز التراث العالمي إلى تطبيق "توصية نهج المناظر الحضرية التاريخية"، وبالتالي تحاول هذه الورقة في الجزء النظري مراجعة ومناقشة تطور هذا النهج وعلاقته بالمناهج المعاصرة، ومناقشة وتأطير خطوات وأدوات تطبيقه، ثم تتناول في الجزء التطبيقي دراسة وتحليل حالة "مدينة بالارات – أستراليا" وحالة " شبه جزيرة إسطنبول التاريخية – تركيا"، وهي حالات عالمية رائدة لتطبيق هذا النهج، وحالة محلية وهي " إعادة إحياء سوق السلاح كمركز مجتمعي- مصر"، لرصد مدى إمكانية تطبيق هذا النهج في ظروف مختلفة، ومدى فاعليته في الحفاظ المستدام والتوفيق بين عمليات الحفاظ والتنمية، بما يحقق جودة العيش لمجتمع التراث، ثم تتوصل هذه الورقة في الجزء الثالث إلى استنتاج أن هذا النهج يحقق التكامل والاستدامة والمرونة كأداة فاعلة لإدارة عمليات الحفاظ، والتوفيق بين الحفاظ والتنمية وإدارة التغير، في إطار عملية محورها مشاركة مجتمع التراث، وبالتالي توصى الورقة بملاءمة هذا النهج كآلية فاعلة لإدارة واستدامة عمليات الحفاظ على المناطق التاريخية بمصر. Historic areas face great challenges globally and locally, with rapid urbanization, increasing rates of migration, development that is unaware of the importance of heritage, and the shortcomings of the classical discourse of heritage. Therefore, the World Heritage Center called for the application of the “Recommendation of Historic Urban Landscape Approach” and thus this paper attempts, in the theoretical part, to review and discuss the development of this approach and its relationship to contemporary approaches, and a discussion and framing of the steps and tools for its application. Then, in the applied part, it deals with studying and analysing the case of “Ballarat - Australia” and the case of “Historic Istanbul Peninsula - Turkey”, which are pioneering global cases of applying this approach, and a local case, which is “Community-centered revitalization of Souq al-Silah in Cairo- Egypt” to monitor the extent to which this approach can be applied in different circumstances, and the extent of its effectiveness in sustainable conservation and reconciliation between conservation and development processes, in order to achieve quality of life for the heritage community. Then this paper, in the third part, comes to the conclusion that this approach achieves Integration, sustainability, and flexibility as an effective tool for managing conservation operations, and reconciling conservation, development, and change management, within the framework of a process focused on the participation of the heritage community. Therefore, the paper recommends the suitability of this approach as an effective mechanism for managing and sustaining conservation processes for historical areas in Egypt.

Tackling sustainable development from a comprehensive approach still needs to be well yielded in academia and research in the undergraduate curricula of most urban studies. This paper presents teaching and learning experiences in architectural education in the sustainable development field. It experiences different theoretical and practical approaches given in an undergraduate elective course to students in the Architecture and Urban Design Program (ARUD) at Nile University. Different teaching processes are shown through class activities, a peer-to-peer review, linking with industries, group discussions, writing a critical review of scientific papers, outlining the urban challenges and proposing sustainable strategic approaches of "lost urban spaces" with a particular focus on Giza Zoo. Moreover, it raises the ability to mandate the effectiveness of proposed solutions into applicable and integrative solving scenarios. In summary, this research encompasses comprehensive sustainable development approaches in architectural education to highlight the potential and beneficiaries of the proposed methods in architectural pedagogy seeking urban development. The proposed teaching strategies address the potential for improvement in architectural education in the sustainability field and show initiatives for urban planners, urban designers and policymakers show initiatives for urban planners, urban designers and policymakers show initiatives for urban planners, urban designers and policymakers to enhance public space design through sustainable development considerations. لا يزال دمج التنمية المستدامة بنهج شامل بحاجة إلى تحقيق نتائج ملموسة في الأوساط الأكاديمية والبحثية ضمن المناهج الجامعية لمعظم الدراسات الحضرية. تعرض هذه الورقة البحثية تجارب عمليات التدريس والتعلم في التعليم المعماري في مجال التنمية المستدامة. و تشمل هذه الدراسه على اختبار مناهج نظرية وعملية مختلفة مقدمة في مادة دراسية اختيارية للطلاب الجامعيين في برنامج الهندسة المعمارية والتصميم العمراني (ARUD) بجامعة النيل. يتم عرض عمليات التدريس المختلفة من خلال الأنشطة الصفية، واستعراض النظائر، والربط مع الصناعات، والمناقشات الجماعية، كتابة تحليلات نقدية للأوراق البحثية، ثم تحديد التحديات الحضرية واقتراح مناهج استراتيجية مستدامة "للمساحات الحضرية المفقودة" مع التركيز على حديقة حيوان الجيزة .بالإضافة الى ذلك، يؤكد البحث على فعالية الحلول المقترحة المتكاملة في سيناريوهات الحل القابلة للتطبيق. يتضمن هذا البحث مناهج التنمية المستدامة الشاملة في التعليم المعماري لتسليط الضوء على فوائد وتأثيرات الأساليب المقترحة في التربية المعمارية التي تسعى إلى تعزيز التنمية الحضرية. تتناول استراتيجيات التدريس المقترحة إمكانية تحسين التعليم المعماري في مجال الاستدامة وتظهر مبادرات للمخططين الحضريين والمصممين الحضريين وصانعي السياسات لتعزيز تصميم الأماكن العامة من خلال اعتبارات التنمية المستدامة.

Maize, Zea mays L. is an economic cereal in Egypt. Numerous pests infested maize, but only a few of them caused high crop losses, such as FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda. Therefore, this study is urgent to determine: the effect of chitin synthesis inhibitors on FAW larvae, and evaluate LC90 efficiency of CSIs on maize under the field. In this study, the mortality percentage increased with increasing exposure time to CSIs. Moreover, LC50 for hexaflumuron was low (0.487 mg/L), followed by flufenoxuron (0.5712 mg/L) on the 2nd larva. On the 4th larva, hexaflumuron and diflubenzuron were more lethal than other CSIs. LC90 of all CSIs ranged between 1.3815 5.0569; and 1.024514.6923 mg/L on the 2nd and 4th larvae, respectively. Results were elucidated that the toxicity index was low by novaluron and lufenuron treatments with high resistance ratios, respectively. However, it had a high value with diflubenzuron, followed by novaluron, with a few resistance ratios when compared with hexaflumuron, respectively. In field experiments, data showed that flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron and diflubenzuron could be used as recommended insecticides to FAW control, however, chlorfluazuron, lufenuron and novaluron were the lowest ones on maize. On the response of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids to CSIs, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and flufenoxuron caused the lowest significant reduction in protein. Wherever, the highest significant protein value was recorded with chlorfluazuron and lufenuron. The values of chitinase, phenoloxidase and carboxylesterase indicated a clear disturbance in physiological aspects for larvae. Now, CSIs are used for developing eco-friendly FAW management.

This friction welding process is characterized by the fact that there are no springs or deformations at the welding point, neither from the outside nor from the inside, and an unmistakable and ideal welding shape is obtained. The experiment was conducted on a flat sample without grooves, and it was welded, but it was very weak. Then grooves were made on the outer edge, and the welding took place, and it was a stronger weld. The idea was to increase the grooves to the end of the entire thickness of the sample, not just on the edge, and it was the strongest weld and optimal in shape. Several experiments were also performed. Experiments were conducted at different speeds until the four speeds (630, 800, 1000, 1250 rpm) used in this thesis were reached, the best of which was 1000 rpm. Experiments were conducted at different forces, and the four forces (20, 25, 30, 35 kgF ) used became the best among those used in many experiments. The best of them was the force of 30 kgF (300 Newton), at a fixed time of 4 minutes, while the temperature was 200oC on surface welding at 4 minutes the welding process. For every speed and force, this appeared in the tensile test conducted on the samples after welding and was demonstrated that tensile dismantled force was 6160 N at 30 kgF of welding pressure. The study proved the success of this method.

This research aims to develop weft-knitting fabrics on machines using rib, weft knitting fabrics used in the production of women's shoes lad to the development of the existing product in the market for women's shoes. New methods were also communicated to raise the aesthetic value of fabrics produced on rectangular weft knitting machines through the design program. The best executive specifications were communicated to obtain the fabrics used in women's shoes on rectangular weft knitting machines, as indicated in the test results.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered one of the main food crops in many countries worldwide. The present work was planned to manage potato black-leg disease using organic treatments as well as mineral-nitrogenous treatments, in addition to examining their effects on the pathogenic bacterium (Pectobacterium atrosepticum) population under artificial inoculation conditions. The obtained data indicated that applications of cabbage, onion and peppermint dry ground leaves as organic matters, and applications of ammonium super-phosphate, potassium sulfate and urea as mineral-nitrogenous fertilizers reduced P. atrosepticum population and black-leg disease of potato compared with the control treatment. In addition, these treatments led to increasing potato yield, while the beneficial effects increased with increasing their doses compared with the control treatment. Meanwhile, the organic matter appeared highly effective compared with mineral-nitrogenous fertilizers in disease reduction. However, mineral-nitrogenous fertilizers appeared highly effective in increasing potato yield. Meanwhile, onion dry ground leaves (organic matter) and urea (nitrogenous fertilizer) were the most effective on the pathogenic bacterium population and severity of the disease compared with other treatments

The Red and White pakestanian mulberry cultivars and Baladi mulberry trees were propagated by using medium hardwood cuttings pre-pared in November, December and January, and treated with the growth regulators IBA and NAA (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm) during 2020 and 2021 seasons. The hardwood cuttings treatment was planted in wooden frames inside the greenhouse in a cultivation medium consisting of peat moss and sand (1:3 v/v respectively). Data showed that Baladi mulberry cultivar gave the highest values of rooting percentage while the White Pakestanian gave the highest values for the number of roots per cutting. Concerning growth regulator treatments, IBA at 6000 gave the highest significant number of roots per cutting followed by NAA at 6000 ppm. In the interaction between the two studied factors, the highest rooting percentage was found by NAA at 6000 ppm for Baladi and White cultivars. While the highest values of root number and root length were resulted by IBA at 6000 ppm followed by NAA at 6000 ppm for Baladi and White mulberry cultivars. The C/N ratio in Baladi and White cultivars cuttings was highest in hardwood cuttings prepared in November. While the values of C/N ratio in Red mulberry cultivar cuttings were highest in hardwood cuttings prepared in January.

This investigation was performed during the 2018 and 2019 seasons in a private vineyard to study the effect of calcium, magnesium fertigation and molybdenum foliar sprays on the yield and fruit quality of Flame seedless table grape cultivar. The experimental layout was arranged in a split-plot design. All treatments were applied on three dates: after the bud burst stage, at the fruit set stage and veraison stage. The results showed that the combined application of 30 Kg calcium with 20 Kg magnesium fertigation and foliar spraying of 30 ppm molybdenum was the most effective among all treatments in terms of enhancing vegetative growth characteristics, increasing leaf content of total chlorophylls and mineral elements as well as improving yield and fruit quality attributes.

Given the significance of Historic Cairo as a world heritage site, and since Egypt’s application to the UNESCO in 1979 to register Islamic Cairo, and upon changing the name of the site into Historic Cairo in 2007, and after the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) approved the registration in 1979, proceedings were given stating that the information related to identifying such heritage site as insufficient and that it’s required to specify the name and address of the owning authority. Furthermore, since 1993, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre has repeatedly recommended the need for a clear and effective management system, proposing protection and management measures, emphasizing that these procedures require a comprehensive management system to address weaknesses, and developing a management plan consistent with the guidelines issued by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. In 2001, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre referred to the lack of coordination highlighting the great complexity of Historic Cairo as a World Heritage site, which is reflected in the large number of responsible actors, such as the Ministry of Antiquities and the National Organization for Urban Harmony (NOUH) of the Ministry of Culture, Cairo’s Governorate, and other concerned parties. In addition to other ministries, such as Awqaf, Interior, and Housing which established an authority in the name of Fatimid Cairo, operate in different administrative ways and for different goals which represents the main research problem. Therefore, there must be one authority that coordinates and is responsible for the rest of the bodies concerned to facilitate the implementation of a management plan that is consistent with the guidelines approved by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre as soon as possible which is the main purpose of this research. This paper relied on a descriptive research approach and then the deductive research approach to achieve the mentioned goal. Therefore, this research attempts to solve the mentioned issues through proposing a management plan that implements sustainable procedures, planning tools, detailed action plans supported by appropriate laws, high coordination between all the various parties concerned to prevent further damage to the urban fabric and buildings of such World Heritage site. نظراً لأهمية القاهرة التاريخية كممتلك للتراث العالمي. ومنذ تقدم مصر لمنظمة اليونسكو في 1979م لتسجيل القاهرة الإسلامية، وما تم من بتغير اسم الممتلك ليصبح القاهرة التاريخية في عام 2007، وبعد موافقة مجلس الايكوموس على التسجيل 1979م فقد اعطي ملاحظات أفادت بان المعلومات الخاصة بتحديد الممتلك التراثي غير كافية وأنه من المطلوب تحديد اسم وعنوان الجهة التي تملك هذا الأثر والذي يخرج عن الملكيات الخاصة. ولقد أوصي مركز التراث العالمي مراراً منذ عام 1993 وحتى الآن بضرورة وجود نظام إدارة واضح وفعال، واقتراح إجراءات الحماية والإدارة والتأكيد على إن هذه الإجراءات تتطلب نظام إدارة شامل لمعالجة نقاط الضعف، ووضع خطة إدارة تتفق مع المبادئ التوجيهية الصادرة عن مركز التراث العالمي. وفي عام 2001 اشار مركز التراث العالمي الي الافتقار إلى التنسيق، وسلط الضوء على التعقيد الكبير في القاهرة التاريخية كموقع للتراث العالمي، وهو ما يعكسه العدد الكبير جداً من الجهات الفاعلة والمسئولة، مثل وزارة الآثار والجهاز القومي للتنسيق الحضاري التابع لوزارة الثقافة. ومحافظة القاهرة وهذه هي الأطراف الأساسية. بجانب وزارات أخري مثل الأوقاف والداخلية والإسكان التي انشات جهاز باسم القاهرة الفاطمية وكل هذه الجهات تعمل بأهداف ادارية مختلفة. وهو ما يمثل مشكلة البحث لرئيسية. لذا يجب وجود جهة واحدة تكون مسؤولة وتقوم بالتنسيق مع باقي الاطراف ليسهل تطبيق خطة إدارة تتفق مع المبادئ التوجيهية، وتعتمد من مركز التراث العالمي واليونسكو في اسرع وقت. وهو ما يمثل هدف البحث. كما يجب وضع خطة إدارة تُطبق إجراءات مستدامة،ويجب وضع أدوات تخطيطية وخطط عمل تفصيلية مدعومة بقوانين ملائمة، والتنسيق بين مختلف الإدارات والهيئات المعنية لمنع المزيد من الأضرار اللاحقة بالنسيج العمراني والمباني في الممتلك التراثي العالمي.

Climate change has a significant impact on urban green areas, and its surrounding environments. Public parks had been negatively affected in various aspects including landscaping conditions such as planting design within parks, the need for irrigation, declining of green coverages, mass loss of trees, in addition to the physical activities of visitors including active playing of children, walking, running, playing sports, also the psychological comfort and socializing of visitors. In order to investigate the impact of climate change on public parks in Cairo, the authors present a theoretical basis on the previous affected aspects, then observed and analyzed the previous aspects through an analytical approach in three different case studies which are International park, the Child’s park, and Maadi Island in Cairo, Egypt which represent cultural, children, and amusement parks respectively. Our findings provide evidence a highly recorded negative impact on landscaping conditions compared to the other aspects. Physical activities of visitors inside the public parks are from slightly to moderate affected while the psychological comfort of visitors are slightly affected, and socializing is the only aspect that has barely affected. The authors recommend a set of actions in order to mitigate climate change challenges among public parks in Cairo. لتغير المناخ تأثير كبير على المناطق الخضراء الحضرية، والبيئات المحيطة بها. وتأثرت الحدائق العامة سلباً في جوانب مختلفة منها ظروف المسطحات الخضراء مثل تصميم الزراعة داخل الحدائق، والحاجة إلى الري، وانحسار المسطحات الخضراء، وفقدان الأشجار بشكل كبير، بالإضافة إلى الأنشطة البدنية التي يمارسها الزوار بما في ذلك لعب الأطفال النشط، والمشي، الجري وممارسة الرياضة وكذلك الراحة النفسية والتواصل الاجتماعي للزوار. قام المؤلفون بملاحظة وتحليل الجوانب السابقة في ثلاث دراسات حالة مختلفة وهي حديقة الدولية، وحديقة الطفل، وجزيرة المعادي في القاهرة، بمصر والتي تمثل المتنزهات الثقافية، والأطفال، والمتنزهات الترفيهية على التوالي. توفر النتائج التي توصلنا إليها دليلاً على وجود تأثير سلبي على ظروف المسطحات الخضراء مقارنة بالجوانب الأخرى. وتتأثر الأنشطة البدنية للزوار داخل الحدائق العامة بشكل طفيف إلى متوسط، في حين تتأثر الراحة النفسية للزوار بشكل طفيف، ويعتبر التواصل الاجتماعي هو الجانب الوحيد الذي لم يتأثر إلا قليلاً بالتغير المناخي. ويوصي المؤلفون بمجموعة من الإجراءات من أجل التخفيف من تحديات تغير المناخ في الحدائق العامة في القاهرة.

Egypt is interested in providing suitable housing for individuals in a manner befitting the decent life required. For achieving that, it has been providing typical housing projects for citizens. Despite the multiplicity of places in which these projects are carried out, they were not provided by climate considerations in the design. The building envelope has a direct impact on the energy consumed for the cooling and heating. The study aims at examining the following: the impact of the southern wall design as an example for facades impact on the environmental behavior in terms of the design’s ability to provide appropriate shading , the impact of increasing the percentage of shading on the southern wall, and the compatibility of the design according to the environmental recommendations of the Egyptian Energy Code to rationalize energy consumption in residential buildings. The study concluded that the southern facades do not comply with the recommendations of the code, while studying the effect of modifying the facade according to the code and the effect of increasing the percentage of shading. It was concluded that adherence to the recommendations of the Egyptian Energy Code contributes to rationalizing consumption by 16% for cooling works and 24% for heating works with a total of 17% reduction in the total energy required. However, increasing the percentage of shading contributes to reducing the energy needed for cooling when increasing the energy needed for heating, with a total energy saving that is relatively limited according to the percentage of shading on the facade. إهتمت الدولة المصرية في الفترة الأخيرة بتوفير الإسكان المناسب لكافة أفراد الشعب بما يليق بالحياة الكريمة المطلوبة للمواطن، وفي تحقيق ذلك قامت ومازالت توفر المشروعات السكنية النمطية للمواطنين باختلاف طبقاتهم ومستوياتهم المادية، وبالرغم من تعدد أماكن تنفيذ تلك المشروعات إلا أنه لم تحظى بتوفير الإعتبارات المناخية في تصميم الغلاف الخارجي ذو التأثير المباشر على الطاقة المستهلكة لأعمال التبريد والتدفئة اللازمة. وتهدف الدراسة البحثية إلى دراسة تأثير التصميم الحالي للحائط الجنوبي كمثال تطبيقي لعنصر مؤثر من عناصر الغلاف الخارجي على السلوك البيئي للمبنى السكني من حيث قدرة التصميم على توفير الإظلال المناسب مع دراسة تأثير زيادة نسبة الإظلال على الحائط الجنوبي، بالإضافة إلى دراسة توافق تصميم الحائط مع التوصيات البيئية للكود المصري لترشيد إستهلاك الطاقة بالمباني السكنية. حيث خلصت الدراسة إلى عدم توافق الواجهات الجنوبية مع توصيات الكود مع دراسة تأثير تعديل الواجهة طبقا للكود بالإضافة إلى دراسة تأثير زيادة نسبة الإظلال، حيث تم التوصل إلى أن الإلتزام بتوصيات الكود المصري للطاقة يساهم في ترشيد الإستهلاك بنسبة 16% لأعمال التبريد ونسبة 24% لأعمال التدفئة بإجمالي 17% ترشيد في الطاقة الإجمالية المطلوبة لأعمال التبريد والتدفئة مجتمعة، في حين أن زيادة نسبة الإظلال تساهم في تقليل الطاقة اللازمة للتبريد مع زيادتها في الطاقة اللازمة للتدفئة بإجمالي ترشيد للطاقة محدود نسبيا طبقا لنسبة الإظلال على الواجهة.

双关是一种修辞手法，指的是使用一个词或短语具有两个或更多的意义或引发两个或更多的解释。这种技巧通常在语言游戏、幽默、文字艺术如诗歌和创意表达中被使用。双关的效果常常建立在词语的多义性、相似音、谐音或语言结构的巧妙运用上。本文从分析手法了解双关定义、作用和发现了双关各种类型，通过《北京晚报》杂志中最重要的使用展示新闻的标题。本文通过不同例子了解怎么双关可以在口头语言和书面语言中都有所体现，它常被用来制造幽默、引起思考或在文学作品中增加趣味性。双关有时也被称为“双关语义”或 “双关语言” ，因为它涉及到在语言中进行一种巧妙的双重解释。 التورية هي شكل من أشكال الأساليب البلاغية التي تعتمد في التعبير على الكلمة أو العبارة التي تعكس إلى القارئ معنيين أو أكثر فيمُكن في باطنها معنى و تبدو في ظاهرها معنى آخر . يقوم البحث بتوضيح استخدام هذه التقنية بشكل شائع في الألعاب اللغوية و الفكاهة و فنون الكلمات كما تظهر أيضا بالشعر و التعبير الإبداعي . و يظهر البحث من خلال العديد من الأمثلة المختلفة عن كيفية تأثير التورية على غموض الكلمات أو الأصوات المتشابة و التجانس و الاستخدام الذكي للتركيب اللغوي و تأثيره علي المعنى و وعي القارئ أو المتلقي . يعتمد البحث على الأسلوب التحليلي من خلال عرض أهم العناوين الإخبارية التي نُشرت بمجلة (أخبار بكين المسائية ) . ومن خلال التحليل يوضح البحث كيفية انعكاس التورية في كل من اللغة المنطوقة و المكتوبة ، و التعرف على أهم استخدامات أسلوب التورية من المعني العميق أو المستصاغ للناس إلى أسلوب التورية الحاد و الساخر و استخدامها أيضاً بمعنى ضمني للفكاهة و إثارة التفكير أو إضافة الاهتمام لحدث ما . فالتورية أسلوب بلاغي يطلق علية أحياناً " لغة التورية " لأنها تتضمن تفسيراً مزدوجا ًذكياً باللغة .

Sustainability Rating System is an important means support building and developing sustainable buildings, with many advantages for their residents and developers, as well as their greater role in supporting and protecting the environment, which is one of the greatest concerns at the national, regional and global levels. In this paper, Developing Rating System of Water Sustainability was addressed, which aims to assess and give focus and attention to one element of sustainability, It is the sustainability of resources. In the field of water consumption, we can assess the water sustainability of the building, As water is one of the most important natural resources influencing lifestyle, can cause many problems due to water scarcity and regional conflicts. Therefore, the existence and development of such rating system, will shed light and alert to the importance of reducing water consumption at different stages of the building's life, focusing on operational phase, where researchers conducted a field study to develop a two-stage water sustainability measurement tool. The first phase, is the development of Rating System of Water Sustainability, previously proposed by researchers in previous research, through the pattern of expansion of participation, by involving a larger base of specialists and sharing their views in the development of the components of the scale, determining the degree of relevance of each criterion and also the degree of relevance of each detailed category. A group of respondents with diverse scientific and specialized backgrounds was selected, with expertise in the field. The second stage is developed through the experience and application pattern and the measurement test on a study case, which is the housing building of female students at the new University of Sohag. The research concluded that the criteria were rearranged and the relative weights of each criterion were determined according to its importance. The standard of the building's feeding and sewage systems came in the first order, followed by the standard of consumption outside the building, and then maintenance techniques and detection of water leakage. The case study resulted a lack of use of smart techniques, and the need for a degree of flexibility, commensurate with a wider range of building types. تُعد أدوات قياس الاستدامة من الوسائل المهمَّة، التي يُمكن من خلالها تشييد وتطوير مبانٍ مُستدامة، تحقق لساكنيها ومطوريها عديدًا من الميزات، فضلًا عن دورها الأعظم في دعم وحماية البيئة. وفي هذه الورقة البحثية تمَّ تناول فكرة تطوير مقاييس الاستدامة النوعية، التي تهدف قياس أحد عناصر الاستدامة وإعطاءها تركيزًا واهتمامًا، وهي استدامة الموارد والمصادر المائية، ويمكن أن نطلق عليها الاستدامة المائية للمبنى، باعتبار أن المياه من أهم الموارد والمصادر المؤثرة على نمط الحياه، لذا فإنَّ وجود وتطوير مثل تلك المقاييس من شأنه إلقاء الضوء والتنبيه على أهمية الحد من استهلاك المياه في مراحل عمر المبنى المختلفة، وأهمها مرحلة التشغيل؛ حيث قام الباحثون بإجراء دراسة ميدانية لتطوير أداة لقياس استدامة المياه مكونة من مرحلتين: المرحلة الأولى تطوير مقياس استدامة المياه المقترح سابقًا من الباحثين في بحث سابق، من خلال نمط توسيع المشاركة، وذلك بإشراك قاعدة أكبر من المتخصصين بآرائهم في تطوير العناصر المكونة للمقياس، وتحديد درجة أهمية كل معيار وأيضًا درجة أهمية كل فئة تفصيلية داخل المعيار. حيث تمَّ اختيار المستبينين المختصين بخلفيات علمية وتخصصية متنوعة، من أصحاب الخبرات في هذا المجال. المرحلة الثانية التطوير من خلال نمط التجربة والتطبيق واختبار المقياس على حالة دراسية، وهي مبنى إسكان الطالبات بجامعة سوهاج الجديدة.وقد خلص البحث إلى إعادة ترتيب المعايير وتحديد الأوزان النسبية لكل معيار طبقًا لأهميته؛ حيث أتى معيار نظم التغذية والصرف الصحي للمبنى في الترتيب الأول، يليه معيار الاستهلاك خارج المبنى، ثمَّ تقنيات الصيانة والكشف عن تسرب المياه. وقد أسفرت حالة الدراسة عن الافتقار إلى استخدام التقنيات الحديثة. وضرورة تمتع المقياس بدرجة من المرونة، ليتناسب مع طائفة أكبر من نوعيات المباني.

Spectral indices developed to extract features from satellite images are simple and fast methods that reduce processing time compared to traditional satellite image classification.In this paper, the effectiveness of the normalized difference building index (NDBI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were evaluated in land cover mapping and detecting its changes in the period from 2013 to 2023 in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, using Landsat 8-OLI images. The results of supervised classification showed a decrease in green areas between 2013 and 2023 by 76.03 square kilometers, with a slight decrease in the areas occupied by water amounting to 3.8 square kilometers and an increase in built-up areas by 79.83 square kilometers, at the expense of green lands. On the other hand, the results of using spectral indices showed a decrease in green areas between 2013 and 2023 by 91.12 square kilometers, with a slight decrease in the areas occupied by water amounting to 3.35 square kilometers. Meanwhile, we noticed an increase in built-up areas by 94.47 square kilometers at the expense of green areas. The results showed a general convergence in the changes in the studied classes during the study period, with a great convergence in the change in the area of the water bodies resulted from the classification and from the NDWI and a convergence in the effectiveness of both the NDVI and NDBI.

This study examines fermented soya bean (SBM) and sunflower meal (SFM) with three biological treatments: Aspergillus Oryza, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Lactobacillus plantarum, as well as the effects of these treatments on chemical composition, cell wall constituents, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), and enzyme activity of the fermented SBM and SFM. After 2 h of ruminal incubation, all biological treatments (fungi, Bacteria, fungi with Bacteria) improved the IVDMD for Fermented SBM compared to that of the control (19.47, 20.65 and 18.38%, respectively). The maximum improvement values of IVDMD for SBM were recorded after 4 h and 6 h of incubation for all treatments. In addition, SFM after 2 h of ruminal incubation with any examined biological treatment (fungi, Bacteria, fungi with Bacteria), the IVDMD values have improved compared to that of the control group. Moreover, enzyme activities (cellulase, amylase, xylanase, and protease) have increased in all treatments. It was determined that SSF with A. oryzae and Ruminococcus boosted the protein content and digestibility of soybean and sunflower meals.

The study examines factors affecting sprinkler irrigation system distribution uniformity, including sprinkler type, operating pressure and computer software design. The pressures used were 1.5, 2.1, and 2.5 bar for spray nozzles 4A and 17A, and 1.7, 2, 2.5, and 3 bar for rotor nozzles 1 and 3. The results showed a strong correlation, with (R2) values of 0.996 and 0.973, between SIDUL-Program (Sprinkler Irrigation Distribution Uniformity for Landscape–Program) and Excel program with respect to coefficient of uniformity (CU) and distribution uniformity (DU) respectively, suggesting a strong correlation between the two programs. The HEDIA program validated the SIDUL–Program, revealing a 0.42% difference in CU values between the two programs for rotor nozzle 3, indicating also a strong correlation (R2 = 0.953) between the two programs. The results showed that DU for spray 4A at a pressure of 2.1 bar was 7.4%, higher than DU at a pressure of 1.5 bar; the CU for spray 17A was 11.9% higher, as supported by manufacturer specifications. The study concluded that calculating CU and DU using the SIDUL–Program is critical for assessing sprinkler performance in irrigation systems since it considers factors such as soil type, irrigation 1methods and location; in addition to being easy to use and accurate com-pared to other programs.

Using integrated in silico and in vitro experiments, the antiviral capabilities of green tea and licorice extracts were evaluated against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It was noted that the number of induced necrotic local lesions of TMV decreased by increasing extract concentrations and thus it is considered concentration dependent on the extracts’ active compounds. Properties of eleven compounds belonging to licorice and green tea were obtained from databases to examine their activities in silico. A molecular docking simulation was performed between these agents and the protein coat of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The highest effective compounds were glycyrrhetic acid, liquiritin and EGCG. ADMET studies revealed good overall properties of nine non-toxic compounds based on their predicted pharmacokinetic, physicochemical, drug-likeness and toxic properties. Based on docking energy and mode of interaction, these compounds showed strong binding with the protein coat of TMV. The antiviral effect may be due to the most effective compounds with the highest affinity namely glycyr-rhetic acid, liquiritin and isoliquiritin. As a conclusion, the promising value of our titled extracts is the anti-TMV activity and pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties of their active constituents.

The Tomato Chlorosis Criniviruses (ToCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Geminivirus (TYLCV), which naturally infecting and limited to the phloem, have caused a drastic reduction in tomato yield. The current study aims to determine the incidence of single and mixed viruses using biological, serological and molecular PCR methods in natural tomato plants. The incidence of mixed infection was found more frequently, followed by ToCV and TYLCV (42.3, 28.8, 17.8 in 2020 and 49.1, 29.7 and 19.1% in 2021, respectively). ToCV causes chlorosis, TYLCV causes leaf curl and yellowing, while mixed ToCV & TYLCV cause progress symptoms. By using the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and coat protein (CP) genes, ToCV and TYLCV isolates could be identified. These isolates were recorded in GenBank under accession codes "ON951644.1" and "OP265136.1" respectively. Host plants responded differently to severe and common disease density between ToCV and TYLCV. The transmitted whitefly could distinguish between ToCV and TYLCV within 15-20 minutes of the acquisition period. ToCV increases in fields with high whitefly populations, requiring further research to understand effects and reduce harm.

Imidacloprid is a systematic neonicotinoid widely used to combat piercing-sucking insects; however, neonicotinoids, despite having low effects on vertebrates, showed high adverse effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Glutathione-S-transferases (GST) are an important constituent of the defense system in detoxifying invading chemicals. This work examines the effects of imidacloprid on GST activity in vivo and in vitro conditions. Results revealed that there are two responses of GST activity toward IMI treatment; first, stimulation of enzyme activity to combat and detoxify the insecticide. Second, direct inhibition of GST, which is confirmed by the in vitro inhibition with IC50 887.42 ppm. At a short exposure time to IMI (2 hours) at an IMI concentration of 0.35 ppm, the enzyme was stimulated up to 113% while increasing exposure time or IMI concentration, the inhibition effect dominates.

Sovereign sukuk play an essential role in providing effective and sustainable financing for the government's expenditures and investment projects, while maintaining fiscal discipline by limiting the accumulation of public debt. Among these sukuk, we find Ijara sukuk as one of the recently developed financial instruments utilized by governments and companies to fund their projects and meet financial needs. In particular, Ijara sukuk have become increasingly prevalent in Morocco, where they play a pivotal role in funding public budget deficits and supporting the national economy. This study aims to highlight the importance of sovereign bonds in Morocco, with a particular focus on Ijarah bonds, as one of the emerging and important financial instruments in attracting savings and mobilizing the necessary funds to finance investment projects. Furthermore, the study aims to illustrate the high efficiency and efficacy of these instruments in financing public budget deficits. This is accomplished through the utilization of descriptive and analytical methodologies, which have been demonstrated to be effective in achieving the desired objectives. The study concludes that sovereign bonds, particularly Ijarah bonds, are an important instrument for achieving fiscal balance due to their distinctive features and attributes that differentiate them from other financial instruments. Sukuk negara memainkan peran penting dalam menyediakan pembiayaan yang efektif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pemerintah di bidang pengeluaran publik dan proyek-proyek investasi tanpa harus menambah utang publik. Di antara sukuk-sukuk ini, kami menemukan sukuk Ijara sebagai salah satu instrumen keuangan baru yang digunakan oleh pemerintah dan perusahaan untuk mendanai proyek-proyek mereka dan memenuhi kebutuhan keuangan, terutama di Maroko, di mana sukuk Ijara memainkan peran yang semakin penting dalam mendanai defisit anggaran publik dan mendukung perekonomian nasional. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti pentingnya obligasi negara di Maroko, terutama obligasi Ijarah, sebagai salah satu instrumen keuangan yang sedang berkembang dan penting dalam menarik tabungan dan memobilisasi dana yang diperlukan untuk membiayai proyek-proyek investasi. Studi ini juga berusaha untuk menunjukkan efisiensi dan kemampuan yang tinggi dari instrumen-instrumen ini dalam membiayai defisit anggaran publik. Hal ini dicapai dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan analitis yang dianggap efektif dalam mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Studi ini menyimpulkan pentingnya obligasi negara, khususnya obligasi Ijarah, dalam mencapai keseimbangan fiskal, karena fitur dan atribut unik yang membedakannya dari instrumen keuangan lainnya. الصكوك السيادية لتمويل عجز الميزانية العامة "صكوك الإجارة بالمغرب" مروى الجهوي جامعة سيدي محمد بن عبد الله بفاس- المغرب ملخص يعتبر التمويل المستدام لعجز الميزانية العامة أمرا ضروري لاستقرار الاقتصاد الوطني وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة، وفي هذا السياق تلعب الصكوك السيادية دورا مهما في توفير تمويل فعال لتلبية احتياجات الحكومة في مجالات النفقات العامة والمشاريع الاستثمارية دون اللجوء إلى زيادة الدين العام، ومن بين هذه الصكوك نجد صكوك الإجارة بوصفها واحدة من الأدوات المالية المستجدة التي تستخدمها الحكومات والشركات لتمويل مشاريعها وتلبية الاحتياجات المالية خاصة في المغرب، حيث باتت صكوك الإجارة تلعب دورا متزايد الأهمية في تمويل عجز ميزانية العامة ودعم الاقتصاد الوطني. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إظهار الأهمية التي تحظى بها الصكوك السيادية بالمغرب خاصة صكوك الإجارة باعتبارها من بين الأدوات المالية المستجدة والمهمة في اجتذاب المدخرات وتجميع الأموال اللازمة لتمويل المشروعات الاستثمارية، وكدى لما تتميز به من كفاءة وقدرة عالية على تمويل عجز الميزانية العامة، كل هذا من خلال الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي و التحليلي باعتبارهما كفيلين لتحقيق الأهداف المتوخاة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أهمية الصكوك السيادية وخاصة صكوك الإجارة في تحقيق الموازنة العامة، وذلك لما تمتلكه هذه الأداة المالية من مميزات ومقومات تميزها عن غيرها من الأدوات. الكلمات المفتاحية: الصكوك السيادية، عجز الميزانية العامة، صكوك الإجارة، التمويل، المغرب

الملخص: اكتسبت مهنة الجزارة خلال العصر الروماني أهمية كبيرة، ويرجع السبب في ذلك إلى الاعتماد على اللحوم كوجبة أساسية في النظام الغذائي الروماني، وقد عرف الجزارون الرومان التقنيات المناسبة لذبح الحيوانات ونزع أحشائها لضمان ذبحها بطريقة إنسانية وفعالة، لقد فهموا أيضًا أهمية التعامل مع الذبائح بعناية لمنع الضرر أو التلوث، كما امتلك الجزارون الرومان مهارات استثنائية في استخدام السكاكين ودقة في جز اللحوم وتقطيعها، فصنعوا وطوروا مجموعة متنوعة من السكاكين والأدوات لقطع الذبيحة إلى أجزاء مختلفة، كما عرفوا كيفية تقطيع الدهون الزائدة، وإزالة العظام، وتقسيم اللحوم بشكل مناسب. واللوحات المنتقاة هنا تبرز اختيار النحاتين في تعبيرهم عن مهارة عمل الجزارين من خلال التصوير الفني لبيئة عمل الجزار المرتدي لمريلة العمل إلى الأثاث الذي يشمل الكتلة التي تمثل طاولة التقطيع وحاوية تجميع المخلفات، ثم الأدوات المطلوبة للعمل من سواطير، سكاكين والميزان ثم قطع اللحم المعلقة علي خطافات. يستهدف البحث هنا دراسة الشواهد الجنائزية الخاصة بتصوير الجزارين، والتي اهتم بها صاحب الشاهد بتصوير اعتزازه بمهنته، وبيئة عمله وأدواته ومحل عمله، كما سيتم التقصي وراء الأدوات التي استخدمها الجزار في مناطق وأماكن مختلفة محاولة لفهم سبب تنوعها ومدي تطابق الأدوات التي عثر عليها منحوتة ومقارنتها بالأدوات التي تم العثور عليها فعليا. كما سيتم استنتاج أسلوب عمل الجزار في معالجة اللحوم المذبوحة وطريقة عرضها. Abstract: During the Roman era, the butchery profession gained great importance, due to the reliance on meat as a staple meal in the Roman diet. Roman butchers knew proper techniques for butchering and eviscerating animals to ensure they were slaughtered humanely and efficiently. Selected images highlight how sculptors expressed the skill of the butchers’ work by artistically depicting their work environment. This includes the butcher wearing a work apron, the furniture such as the cutting table block and the waste container, the tools required for work like cleavers, knives, and scales, and pieces of meat hanging on hooks. The research aims to study funerary tombstones depicting butchers, in which the tombstone owner was interested in depicting his pride in his profession, his work environment, his tools, and his workplace. The tools used by the butcher in different regions and places will also be investigated in an attempt to understand the reason for their diversity and the extent to which the tools carved match the tools that were actually found. The butcher's work method in processing slaughtered meat and the method of displaying it will also be deduced.

الملخص: اهتم العثمانيون بعمل شواهد القبور وتراكيبها وزخرفتها بدرجة كبيرة؛ لذا نجد تنوعًا في تصاميمها وأشكالها بحسب شخصية المتوفي الذي صُنعت له هذه الشواهد والتراكيب، فنجد تنوعًا في زخارف الشواهد، وأشكال قمم الشواهد للتمييز بين قبور الرجال والنساء من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى للتمييز بين وظائف الأشخاص المتوفين وطبقاتهم الاجتماعية، ويعرض هذا البحث شاهد قبر عثماني فريد من نوعه، عبارة عن شاهد قبر مركب لسيدة تُوفيت بعد وضع ابنها، ويظهر في الجزء السفلى من هذا الشاهد شاهد قبر صغير لطفلها، وهو بارز بروزًا واضحًا عن شاهد الأم، وقد حرص صانع هذا الشاهد على إبراز تفاصيل شاهد الطفل للتأكيد على أن هذا الطفل صبي وليس فتاة؛ عن طريق نحت شكل عمامة أعلى عنق شاهد الطفل، واختلفت الآراء حول ما إذا كان الطفل قد تُوفي في رحم والدته ولم يولد؛ لذا لم يصنع شاهد منفصل للطفل، أم أنه تُوفي بعد الولادة مباشرة، واشتمل شاهد الأم على اسم السيدة، وسبب وفاتها، واسم زوجها ووظيفته ومكان عمله، بينما اشتمل شاهد الطفل على اسم الطفل وقراءة الفاتحة له. Abstract: The Ottomans paid great attention to making tombstones and cenotaphs; they decorated them, so we find diversity in their designs and shapes according to the personality of the deceased for whom these tombstones and cenotaphs were made. There is diversity in the decorations of the tombstones and the shapes of the tops of the tombstones to distinguish between the graves of men and women on one hand, and the occupations of deceased persons and their social classes on the other hand. This research displays a unique Ottoman tombstone, which is a composite tombstone for a woman who died after giving birth to her son. In the lower part of this tombstone, there is another small tombstone for her child, which is clearly distinct from the mother’s tombstone. The maker of this tombstone was keen to highlight the details of the child's tombstone to confirm that this child was a boy and not a girl, by carving the shape of a turban on top of the neck of the child's tombstone. Opinions differed as to whether the child died in his mother’s womb or was not born, so the tombstone was not made. Separated for the child, or he died immediately after birth. The mother’s tombstone included the woman’s name, the cause of her death, and her husband’s name, job, and place of work, while the child’s tombstone included the child’s name and the reading of Al-Fatihah to him.

Design is the effective element through which the designer can create and innovate, as he relies on creativity in addition to his studies and experiences in his work field, as well as on a variety of sources which he can derive and inspired by ideas that commensurate with the innovative work that he creates, the designer must employ all his capabilities to find innovative designs and implementation solutions using high- quality techniques. In this sense, the research problem arises through questions: what is the possibility of creating women clothing designs using the different knots techniques and keep up with women fashion trends? What is the possibility of employing knots techniques with different materials? What are the special specifications of the material used in knots techniques? S o the research aims to create women apparel designs in the age group (20- 30), the suggested designs are based on using different knots techniques as decorative trimmings inspired by fashion trends (ss 2023). The research importance is due to highlighting the importance of using different knots techniques and using them as decorative trimmings with creative visions to prepare women fashion designs. The research follows the descriptive analytical method and the experimental method. The researcher prepared innovative design group includes (20) apparel designs using different knots techniques with creative visions inspired by fashion trends. As an assessment to the designs' ability, one questionnaire has been created dressed to specialists in apparel field, The results of the statistical analyses show that deign no. 12 achieved the highest percentage of the arithmetic average, and design no. 14 achieved the least arithmetic average.

This research aims to develop weft knitting products, especially the decorative ribbed fabrics used in men's outerwear in the market on weft knitting machines, especially rectangular machines, as the experimental study is based on the diversity of stitch types and the use of knitting machines to take advantage of the capabilities of decorative ribbed weft knitting machines to raise the artistic value And the aesthetic of weft knitting fabrics and improving the functional performance of men's outerwear and trying to reach the best executive specification for decorative ribbed weft knitting fabrics for men's outerwear, and then the local product can be developed for fabrics produced from decorative ribbed weft knitting, so this research aims to develop machine-made weft knitting fabrics By using ribbed derivatives and creating innovative designs and different machine settings and implementing them on weft knitting machines for the production of outerwear, for example but not limited to (men's outerwear) to achieve distinctive aesthetic and functional properties and improve public taste as well as raise the aesthetic value of the produced ribbed fabric and to reach the best executive specifications. And by using the computer and the diversity in the types of stitches, it led to the diversity in the design and the development of new designs to give the aesthetic shape and to raise the value of the decorative ribbed fabrics, where the samples of the fabrics for the research were produced using the diversity in the stitches, and a rectangular weft knitting machine (7) was used, and using acrylic mixing yarns 90% and 10% nylon and No. 17/1 E, where 3 samples were produced on the rib knitting machine. A questionnaire combining the opinions of academic professors and the consuming public was carried out on the three samples, and a graph of this data was made for all samples used in the research.

Egyptian terry fabrics have a great competitive advantage at the international level, especially in international seven- and five-star hotels, because of their great reputation, especially in the case of using long-staple Egyptian cotton, and new cellulosic raw materials have appeared at the commercial level, such as modal, so the research aims to use yarns Modal is a warp and pile in pile fabrics because of its characteristics that make it of great value and importance among other types of new cellulose raw materials The production of drying fabrics of various types has been closely linked to cotton raw materials, as it is one of the most materials that fulfill the functional requirements of these fabrics, such as absorbing liquids, moisture, durability when wet, and tactile properties suitable for skin friction, as well as its tolerance to many different stresses in washing operations and daily use. repeated, and the color fastness of the dyes with repeated washing, and friction upon use, and the research has reached the production of terry fabrics using modal yarns and a study of the different properties of the produced fabrics and a comparison between the produced terry fabrics and cotton terry fabrics. Whereas, modal is produced by the Austrian Lenzing Company from beech wood, and according to the statistics of the company producing the modal fiber manufacturing process, it is characterized by low negative impacts on the environment because the recycling rate in the production of modal is exceptionally high compared to similar fiber production processes.

(ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD Children are always looking for things to interact with. In addition, awareness advertising message lack the interactivity and engagement factors, especially when the target audience are ADHD children. Therefore, Employing the awareness advertising message in interactive clothes is suitable for this group and helps them improve the psychomotor disorders they suffer from, because it modifies the behavioral patterns of them to reduce the negative psychological effects of the disease and to control their behavioral health patterns. The aim of this study is to help children with ADHD overcome the negative effects they are experiencing psychologically and socially. The research methodology is a combination of descriptive study and statistical analytical study, and the result of the research appears by studying the role of creating interactive clothes that attract children with ADHD and enriching its design with an awareness message and how it can help them interact with society and break social phobia. Followed by a statistical analysis of four practical designs of clothes that were designed as an interactive game and the addition of an awareness message that helps children with ADHD on psychological and emotional balance by feeling comfortable and adding the possibility of interacting with clothes and playing through them, helped to get out of the state of boredom that (ADHD) child usually feels, as well as making him/her distinguished in the society, and able to make new friendships.

The research deals with the study of the role of visual knowledge and its relationship to advertising directed to the mother and how it can be used and from the visual experience of this category in order to achieve communication goals and take into account the features and needs of them, with the proliferation of different design methods and advertising ideas do not necessarily need texts and phrases explaining the ad it became possible to face the difficulties and obstacles faced by the mother when exposed to these advertisements due to his inability to read and write and understand advertising texts, which led to avoiding this type of advertising In view of the Egyptian state's efforts to build bridges of development and build a modern state based on science and knowledge, and believing in the seriousness of the phenomenon of illiteracy, the designer of the declaration had to go in turn and contribute to the initiative launched by the state "a decent life without illiteracy" under the auspices of President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, so the file of illiteracy had to be looked at and provide all the design solutions that help in this development. From the point of view of the Egyptian state's efforts towards building bridges of development and building a modern state based on science and knowledge, and believing in the seriousness of the phenomenon of illiteracy, and the assertion of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization or what is known in short as UNESCO, to activate the standard of understanding among the illiterate public and because it is not the responsibility of the official authorities alone but the responsibility of all, the designer of the declaration had to go in turn and contribute to the initiative launched by the state "a decent life without illiteracy" under the auspices of President Abdel Fattah sisi , This made it imperative for the designer to look at the file of illiteracy and provide all the design solutions and practical perceptions that help in this development and work to formulate advertising content commensurate with their abilities and reach them without difficulty understanding it and without the need to explain from the people who read what constitutes a burden on them or feel ashamed and that the initiatives do not stop at a certain limit but continue until the elimination of this phenomenon or reduce its disadvantages.

La littérature ne vise pas la simple communication informative ; elle cherche plutôt à affecter. Elle correspond des procédés spécifiques : la forme de langue, les procédés esthétiques. Par conséquent, elle pose au traducteur des problèmes attachés à sa nature. Et le traducteur doit tenir compte aux qualités esthétiques des textes à traduire. Les figures de style d’analogie sont des procédés d’écriture qui permettent de lier deux éléments pour les comparer. Elles créent des images rhétoriques en rapprochant deux éléments différents. Notre étude sera consacrée à l’analyse de la traduction de ces figures analogiques arabes vers le français dans « Je balaie le soleil des terrasses (Aknusu al-chams an al-sutuh », un recueil de nouvelles, publié en arabe en1994, traduit en français par Yves gonzalez-Quijano, (Le cimetière des rêves) 2000. Notre problématique est de nous interroger comment les figures d’analogie arabes sont-elles rendues en français par Yves Gonzalez-Quijano et par Chat GPT (un logiciel de traduction basé sur l’intelligence artificielle (AI ). Ont-ils traduit le sens et la forme de ces figures de style d’analogie ? Pour répondre à ces questions saillantes, nous allons comparer la traduction humaine avec la traduction automatique. Notre comparaison est basée sur la recherche des points de divergence et de convergence entre les deux traductions humaine et automatique.الترجمة الأدبية هي تمازج وتلاقي طريقتي تفكير مختلفتين تنصهران في بوتقة واحدة. ودون هذا التمازج عقبات كأداء اللغة، فغالبا ما يستخدم في الادب لغة تهوي ضروب المجاز والاستعارة والتي يصعب حصرها، لتنفرد كل لغة بنوع التفكير والتعبير والدلالات الثقافية الخاصة بها. لذلك تعتبر الترجمة الأدبية من أصعب عمليات الترجمة. نتناول في دراستنا إشكالية ترجمة الصور المجازية للتشبيه من اللغة العربية الي اللغة الفرنسية بواسطة تقنية الذكاء الاصطناعي Chat GPT وبواسطة المترجم الفرنسي إيف غونزاليس كويجانو، متخذا رواية " أكنس الشمس عن السطوح " لحنان الشيخ نموذجا. وقد قمنا بدراسة مقارنة للترجمتين الترجمة الالية بواسطة الذكاء الاصطناعي Chat GPTوالترجمة الأخرى بواسطة المترجم الفرنسي ايف غونزاليس كويجانو. وأوضحنا كيف عكف المترجم غونزاليس كويجانو في ترجمته على ابراز الفكرة الواحدة بطرق مختلفة وكيف انه أهتم ايضا بانتقاء الكلمات والعبارات بعناية فائقة، محافظا على معني ما ينقله من لغة الي اخري بدقة وأمانه. بينما نجد الترجمة الالية بتقنية الذكاء الاصطناعي Chat GPTبها العديد من الأخطاء مرجعها عادة سوء فهم للمفردات والتعبير أو الاعتماد على الترجمة الحرفية، أو الاخذ بالمعني الحقيقي عوضا عن المعني المجازي. وفي دراستنا نماذج لبعض هفوات الترجمة الالية بتقنية الذكاء الاصطناعي Chat GPT الذي اتحفنا مرارا بما يحير العقل في باب النقل. وتوصلنا الي نتيجة مفادها أنه رغم تطور تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال الترجمة فلا يزال إمكانياتها محدودة وغير مقبولة، تفتقر الي الدقة والإبداع خاصة في مجال الترجمة الأدبية التي تتطلب مهارات إبداعية فائقة. وأن أداة الذكاء الاصطناعي Chat GPT غير كفء في صياغة وترجمة نصوص أدبية تضاهي بجودتها النصوص الأدبية الأصلية وانه لا يمكن استخدم هذه الوسيلة للترجمة كبديل للمترجم البشري بل كأداة مساعده له.

نُفذ هذا البحث على /338/ فرداً من أسماك Sillago suezensis المهاجرة المصطادة من المياه البحرية لمحافظة اللاذقية، خلال الفترة الممتدة من 23/6/2022 وحتى 23/6/2023، بوسائل الصيد المختلفة خاصة الشباك الغلصمية على أعماق تتراوح بين 3-50 م. تراوح الطول الكلي للعينات بين (10 - 20.6) سم بمتوسط طول كلي (2.1±15.01) سم عند الإناث، و(8-20.3) سم بمتوسط طول كلي (1.95±15.07) سم عند الذكور. و بلغ الوزن الكلي بين (5.84-69.98) غ عند الإناث بمتوسط وزن كلي (11.55±27.77) غ. (2.84-67.71) غ عند بمتوسط وزن كلي (10.55±27.15) غ. تم تحديد فترة التكاثر من خلال دراسة معامل النضج الجنسي GSI%، ُسجلت أعلى قيمة لمعامل النضج الجنسي GSI % عند الذكور (4.58±2) % في شهر حزيران، و الإناث (6.22±2.77) % في شهر أيلول. امتد موسم التكاثر من بداية شهر أيار وحتى شهر تشرين الثاني. توافقت مراحل تطور نضج المناسل شكلياً مع السلم السداسي لنضج المناسل.

The ultrafunctional potential of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) has generated a great interest in using such metal oxides as remarkable and electroactive nanocomposites in the studies on potentiometry and sensors. These nano-oxides were prepared from the extract of Leucaena leucocephala seeds as an environmentally friendly process. The development of a ZnO/CuO “core-shell nanocomposite-modified” coated copper wire film sensor was proposed as a new method for potentiometric determination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSD) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. With the existence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a polymer with high molecular weight and “o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) as a solvent mediator”, PSD was combined with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) to produce pseudoephedrine hydrochloride-phosphotungstate (PSD-PT) as a sensing substance. The improved sensor showed a very high sensitivity and selectivity for determining and quantifying the PSD with a linear relationship of 1.0×10-8-1.0×10-2 mol L-1. It was estimated that the regression equation was represented by the EmV = (-58.143) log [PSD] + 526.71. With the proposed sensors, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride could be effectively determined in pure and commercial product forms.

Le drogman est la clé de la communication entre les voyageurs romantiques et l’Orient, vu qu’ils en ignoraient les langues ; mais malgré cela, ils en brossent, dans leur relation viatique, un portrait équivoque qui surprend le lecteur ; malgré sa présence quasi permanente aux côtés des voyageurs, ceux-ci mettent en avant ses défauts et par moments son incapacité à bien traduire et remettent au second plan sa serviabilité ainsi que les multiples compétences dont il fait preuve au quotidien. Le présent article cherche à cerner le portrait ambivalent que brossent les voyageurs de leur drogman et à tenter d’en comprendre les raisons.

الملخص: مثَّل القرن الحادي عشر الميلادي/ الخامس الهجري مرحلة حاسمة في تاريخ جورجيا، إذ كان على خلفاء الملك باجراط الثالث Bagrat III (975- 1014م) مواصلة جهوده لإتمام الوحدة السياسية لمملكة الكرج، لكنهم اصطدموا بطموح الأمراء الكرج المحليين وأطماع البيزنطيين في بلادهم، في الوقت الذي بدأ فيه السلاجقة يبحثون عن موطأ قدم في القوقاز. وسوف يناقش البحث أهم الظروف السياسية التي مرت بها جورجيا على الصعيدين الداخلي والخارجي بدءًا من عام 1027م، وهو العام الذي تولي فيه الملك باجراط الرابع Bagrat IV (1027- 1072م) حكم مملكة الكرج حتى عام 1060م الذي شهد نجاحه في التغلب على ألد خصومه الأمير الإقطاعي ليباريت الرابعLiparit IV رجل بيزنطة الأول في القوقاز في تلك المرحلة؛ وذلك من خلال "حولية كارتلي" الكرجية لمؤرخ مجهول. Abstract: The eleventh century A.D. / fifth century A.H. represented a decisive stage in the history of Georgia, as the successors of King Bagrat III (975-1014 A.D.) had to continue his efforts to complete the political unity of the Kingdom of Georgia, but they collided with the ambitions of the local Georgian princes and the colonial aspirations of the Byzantines in their country at a time when Seljuks began to seek a foothold in the Caucasus. The research will discuss the most important political conditions that Georgia went through, both domestically and internationally, from the year 1027 A.D., when King Bagrat IV (1027–1072) assumed control of the Kingdom of Georgia, until the year 1060 A.D., which witnessed his success in overcoming his staunchest opponent, the feudal prince Liparit IV, the main man of Byzantium in the Caucasus at that stage, through the Georgian Chronicle, "The Chronicle of Kartli," written by an anonymous historian.

Biomimetics approaches involve finding solutions to design problems by mimicking the functions and/or processes of biological systems, by applying an analog reasoning strategy from ecosystems to technology in a way that addresses the challenges of architectural and interior design in a more sustainable way. This is due to it is a sustainable creative thinking ideology producing more inspiring solutions that are most restorative and regenerative ecosystems ... The study assumes that mimicking the processes and functions of ecosystems enhances the structural efficiency of the building and stimulates the creation of innovative materials, urging synthesis of innovative materials, as well as providing more sustainable technologies in waste and water management, In addition to reducing energy consumption by adopting mechanisms that passively provide thermal comfort, in conjunction with maximizing the principle of generating energy from renewable sources ... This study was presented to verify the ability of Biomimetics as an analogue ideology in raising the efficiency of the operational building performance from a structural efficiency perspective, and reduce energy consumption.Therefore, this study included evaluating the efficiency of applying that intellectual methodology based on analog transfer of functions and processes of biological systems in providing the building environment with the characteristics of innovation and sustainability, as well as studying the ability of that intellectual methodology to raise the structural efficiency of the building, and discuss the impact of its activation on the synthesis of advanced materials in conjunction with a study of its ability to improve water and waste management, in addition to enhancing the thermoregulation of the indoor environment within a sustainable environmental framework; corresponding to the operational performance of the ecosystem enhanced by the regenerative design in architecture that promotes the repair and renewal of surrounding ecosystems.

Abstract:Electrochemical restoration is considered a technique dealing with the treating of historical metal products and the repairing of the distortion occurred in them as a result of multiple factors and to achieve this, electrochemical formation processes are used with different metals, whether they are precious such as silver and gold and their alloys or non-precious as copper and its alloys by taking advantage of the unique properties of these metals.Hence, the corrosion process has many problems and defects affect on historical metal products, that may cause visible distortion in the product.Therefore, there are technical considerations affecting the quality of the electrochemical restoration process, which are represented in several factors related to precise control during the procedure as controlling the temperature of the solution, current density, and the concentration of metal ions in the solution.............. and other factors.Where the failure to pay attention to the control factors will lead to undesirable results in the part properties that is being restored, especially the mechanical and chemical properties.So, the success of the electrochemical restoration process depends on the accuracy of attention to these technical considerations, and then obtaining the required technical specifications in the places that are being restored.Therefore, the success of the electrochemical restoration process depends on the accuracy of attention to these technical considerations, and then obtaining the required technical specifications in the places that are being restored.Through the foregoing, the research problem is determined by the need to identify the most important different technical factors affecting the electrochemical restoration process of historical metal products.The aim of the research is to develop a scientific methodology to determine the most important factors affecting the cathodic electrochemical systems for the restoration and treatment of historical mineral products by conducting the analytical study and knowing its methods and the most important solutions used in it and standing on the aesthetic, economic and environmental values added to the product. And this will be done under the premise that careful control of the various factors of the electrochemical restoration process achieves a great deal of accuracy in treating the deformations caused by multiple corrosion factors in historical metal products.Based on the descriptive analytical method.

The importance of the study is to highlight the role and importance of activating interdisciplinary studies in order to improve joint scientific research between different universities and acquire more scientific, academic and research skills. Saudi Arabia artwork with printed design. With the The flourishing of the visual arts in the contemporary era and its fields has gone beyond new dimensions, affected by the transformations the world is witnessing, and one of these developments is the clear interest in visual arts and the establishment of specialized bodies in arts, heritage and culture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the promotion of artistic heritage is what distinguishes different civilizations and countries from each other, because it exists Given the social, political, geographical, and historical conditions that surround it, each country has its own technical characteristics. Therefore, this study also aims to highlight all this with the techniques of artistic printing, which are still renewed and developed in the Saudi society, and which enable the artist to be creative and unique. With the scarcity of Saudi artists in the field of artistic printing and the provision of innovative experiences and ideas for the Al-Ula region to achieve the goals of the lofty vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030.

Conceptual art was described as an art that is still under construction and development, because it is the artistic method that prevailed in the post-modern art period until our time. The conceptual art curriculum is mainly based on creative thinking that is motivated to depart from the schools of traditional art or any artistic image that preceded its era. Diversity blends concepts in a presentation style that resists all restrictions. Art that resists superficiality and the unilateral dimension of the subtraction, which allowed the audience and technology to be active parts in the artworks falling under the umbrella of the concept of conceptual art - the art of the idea - an art that was characterized in its principles by a dynamic nature that interacts with its surroundings. Artists of different cultures and their spatial and temporal backgrounds, which gave him a renewed spirit and patterns that are produced in multiple ways and different concepts day after day. Starting from linguistic art, physical art and land art, to the art of embodying the myth and drawing inspiration from the past and presenting it in a special and unique innovative style, and even the intention of this art is to combine light, video and music in some cases to create an integrated psychological emotional state that falls in the recipient’s families. All of these tools were used by the conceptual designers and they increased each according to his technical and personal experiences to produce new design ideas that express the spirit of conceptual art and announce its new approach and highlight the extent of its positive impact on tourism resources if its philosophy is applied through the application of these modern conceptual trends, as the tourism resources from The most prominent and most important resources that peoples and countries compete in developing day by day and financing them with huge amounts to know the extent of their economic importance and the extent of the return at the time.

This research deals with the concept of infographic and its patterns and the reason for its widespread spread in the last two decades, and some of the negatives that may occur during its design and how to employ it in public awareness campaigns and the extent of its impact on the recipient. Awareness and understanding of public awareness campaigns depends mainly on the amount of data and information sent and how it is designed and formulated to come in three stages, each of which has its importance and function in the extent of obtaining the attention of the recipient and influencing him, and from here the research problem was identified, which is the importance of details and information in public awareness campaigns to be completed The image is in the recipient's mind and determines his position, and that the infographic is an integral part of the success of awareness campaigns, as it is responsible for attracting the recipient's attention. And the infographic is nothing but a visual representation of information, so it is one of the most important and most successful design methods, especially in awareness advertisements for its ability to summarize and simplify data and present it in an artistic way that has the ability to attract the attention of the recipient and keep the information longer in his memory, and the Corona pandemic was the best evidence of that, so all were presented and explained What is related to the epidemic and how to prevent it through infographics of its various types, so some of the infographic models issued by the Egyptian Ministry of Health’s Facebook page were analyzed .

Abstract: Architecture was initially defined as the functional art specialized in the concept of shelter. However, over time, deeper ideas emerged emphasizing the importance of producing creative and distinctive architecture that possesses beauty and humanity. Architecture became the material embodiment of a manifested message. With the advent of the digital revolution, a new thought and philosophy known as digital forms emerged, spreading widely across various fields, aligning with the requirements of the present era and its evolving trends. The research problem revolves around the insufficient awareness of different patterns in architecture and their relationship with architectural form. The paper aims to enhance this relationship by integrating digital architectural mechanisms into the design process, utilizing this connection to creatively produce architectural forms. The research assumes that establishing a relationship between pattern, form, and digital architectural mechanisms, harnessing them to generate architectural shapes in different ways, may contribute to creating innovative architecture. The research paper is grounded in the primary goal of identifying methods for deducing architectural form and its relationship with architectural references. This is achieved by presenting various patterns and mechanisms used in deducing form and their impact on creating distinctive architecture. The descriptive-analytical approach was employed, exploring different concepts and analytical examples to reach results and recommendations. One of the key recommendations is the necessity of revisiting the essence of architecture as a cognitive source containing a vast amount of principles adaptable to the era's variables. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of addressing the concept of pattern and its relationship with other architectural elements to enrich architectural thought and produce more distinguished architecture. The utilization of digital methods in producing architectural forms is highlighted as a means to achieve more distinctive shapes. الملخص كانت تعرف العمارة على أنها الفن الوظيفي الذى يختص بفكرة المأوى فقط ولكن بمرور الوقت ظهرت بعض الأفكار التي تعمق فكرة أهمية انتاج عمارة مبدعةومميزة بها قدر من الجمال والانسانية ؛فأصبحت العمارة هي تلك الرسالة المجسدة ماديا ؛ ومع ظهور الثورة الرقمية تم افراز فكر وفلسفة ما يعرف الان بالأشكال الرقمية والتي انتشرت بشكل واسع في شتى المجالات والتي تتجاوب مع مقتضيات هذا العصر بكل ما فيه من توجهات متجددة ؛ وتتلخص المشكلة البحثية في عدم الأدراك الكافي للأنماط المختلفة في العمارة وعلاقتها بالشكل المعماري واثراء هذه العلاقة من خلال دمج آليات العمارة الرقمية في العملية التصميمية والاستفادة من هذه العلاقة في انتاج الشكل المعماري بطريقة مبدعة ؛ وتفترض الورقة البحثية أنه بإيجاد علاقة ما بين النمط والشكل وأليات العمارة الرقمية وتسخيرها لتوليد واستنتاج الاشكال المعمارية بطرق مختلفة قد يساعد في خلق عمارة مبدعة ؛ لذلك تستند الورقة البحثية على هدف أساسي وهو تحديد طرق استنتاج الشكل المعماري وعلاقته بالمراجع المعمارية من خلال عرض الأنماط المختلفة والاليات المستخدمة في استنتاج الشكل وأثر ذلك في خلق عمارة مميزة ؛ وقد تم عرض الاهداف والوصول لحل المشكلة البحثية من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال المفاهيم المختلفة والأمثلة التحليلية وتم الوصول الى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات أهمها ضرورة الرجوع إلى جوهر العمارة بوصفها منبعاً فكریاً حاویاً على كم هائل من المبادئ القادرة على التكیف مع متغيرات العصر، وكذلك ضرورة التطرق الى فكرة النمط وعلاقتها بباقي العناصر المكونة للعمارة وذلك لإثراء الفكر المعماري وانتاج عمارة أكثر تميزا مستعينا في ذلك بالأساليب الرقمية في انتاج الأشكال المعمارية وذلك لإنتاج أشكال أكثر تميزا

In hydraulic active suspension systems, an often overlooked source of nonlinearity is the performance deviation of the working hydraulic oil through the wide band of operating temperatures. In this paper, a quarter-car, Simulink® Simscape nonlinear hydraulic active suspension model has been constructed, taking ISO VG 22 oil as the working oil[29]. A PID controller has been tuned for the active suspension system. Targeted response parameters were tire deflection and suspension travel, as measures of vehicle handling, and sprung-mass acceleration as a measure of riding comfort. At a typical moderate vehicle speed of 40 km/hr, system response was investigated for both a single sinusoidal bump and a continuous wavy sinusoidal road inputs. Simulation was performed at two distant, extreme, operating temperatures, namely -30°C and 60°C. Results showed that at higher temperatures, the decrease in oil viscosity of the hydraulic actuator results in higher tire-rebound amplitudes and longer settling times, and a higher sprung mass acceleration amplitude, worsening both tire-road holding and ride comfort compared to those at -30°C. The most significant conclusion is that an active suspension’s hydraulic actuator actually behaves as a nonlinear damper, besides being a force generator.

Advertising campaigns are a tool for transformation and expression of any activity, whether educational, commercial or service, and the vital role they play in shaping the opinions of recipients towards the idea or product. From the traditional format to new heights. Advertising campaigns are one of the weapons that attract recipients, and the role of various advertising means in preparing for advertising campaigns is increasing daily, as they include a major axis in supporting and developing individuals’ awareness and increasing their information and ideas about various goods and services. The research deals with the formulation of visual concepts in designing advertising campaign posters for projects of the sustainable development plan. In Egypt 2030 as an important tool for introducing the most prominent projects and their impact on the individual and society in a positive and effective manner .The applied study attempts to formulate visual concepts by designing posters for advertising campaigns for some projects of the sustainable development plan in Egypt 2030. The goal is to adhere to visual concepts in Egypt and create posters for advertising campaigns that attract targeted recipients. Then a questionnaire was presented to specialists in the field of advertising design, including faculty members and experts, to evaluate these posters and ideas, and then reach the results of the study.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the brainstorming strategy on developing creativity skills in art education for the sixth grade of primary school in the deaf institutes of Anbar Governorate for the academic year 2022-2023.Objective: In order to achieve the aims of the study the researchers tended to design a test that consists of (6) dialogue questions. The test was among the research sample which consisted of (16) students who were selected intentionally, and divided equally into two groups, control and experimental. Then, the brainstorming strategy was followed in teaching the experimental group, while the control group were taught using the ordinary strategy.Results: After analyzing the data, the results of the current study indicated that there were statistically significant differences using the brainstorming strategy in developing the creativity skills of deaf learners, and that the more the brainstorming strategy was adopted, the more creative solutions were generated. It was concluded that the importance of brainstorming strategy to develop creative thinking among disabled students is crucial.

In response to demographic pressures and environmental imperatives, this study focuses on the valorization of Chamaerops humilis L. fruit in the Beni Mellal Khenifra region. The native palm, known as "Doum," holds nutritional and medicinal significance, prompting a detailed exploration. Extracts from its leaves and fruits have been historically used in traditional medicine, showcasing anti-oxidant properties and therapeutic effects on various ailments. This study seeks to optimize Chamaerops humilis L. fruit pulp powder production using the design of experiments (DOE) and physicochemical characterization. A full factorial design approach is applied to systematically optimize the process, focusing on key variables like Temperature and Time. Physicochemical analysis reveals essential details concerning pH (4.205), titratable acidity (1.47), moisture content (10.85%), and ash content (2.9325%). The study identifies optimal conditions, such as temperature = 65°C and time = 6 hours, for maximum yield and desirable properties. Additionally, water absorption (WAI) and solubility indices (WSI) are investigated, revealing the influence of drying and different agitation temperatures. The Pareto diagram underscores the significant impact of these factors, contributing to our understanding of the quality parameters of Chamaerops humilis L. powder. The results offer valuable insights for sustainable practices in utilizing this botanical resource.

Drones are used by surveyors as an alternative to traditional methods of obtaining orthophoto maps and large-scale topographical maps, but several factors affect the accuracy of its data, one of them is software used in image processing. Because there are many types of software, choosing one of them is a real problem in survey projects using drones. Processing software is divided into commercial and open source software. Commercial software is a black box situation, which highlights the challenge of isolating accurate sources of errors and judging the accuracy of processing products.In this research, the capabilities of the commercial software Pix4Dmapper, Agisoft Metashape, and 3DF Zephyr Aerial were compared in calculating the aerial triangulation of the image blocks taken by drones, with a comparison of the capabilities of these softwares in getting the most important spatial products for surveyors from these images (Digital Elevation Model and Orthophoto). The results showed that Pix4Dmapper was able to perform aerial triangulation more accurate than Agisoft Metashape and 3DF Zephyr Aerial, with great convergence between the results of Agisoft Metashape and 3DF Zephyr A. The results also showed that 3DF Zephyr Aerial had extracted the densest point cloud. Another finding is that Pix4Dmapper produced the most accurate orthophoto and took the shortest processing time, and that the Agisoft Metashape interface is more flexible and user-friendly than the rest of the tested software.

Things do not last forever; they lose their value over time until they are disposed of. Sustainability aims to preserve life span of products; there are numerous types of research and studies in this regard. Yet, with the prompt progression of technology, developing countries are using the latest innovations without realizing the fate of those products. Therefore, methodologies, such as product attachment, are being researched and applied as input for consumer requirements. Hence, working on the emotional connection between the product and consumer by understanding factors of that association to facilitate the design of sustainable products. This leads to some effects on both the producer and the consumer; through the user's attachment to the product as an outcome of the desire to keep it for a longer period as a consequence of following attachment factors. Thus, optimizing product lifespan and the opportunity to remain for a longer period. So, some reviews show the importance of user attachment to the product to design products with a longer life and accordingly attain sustainable development. Along with alignment with product design to form confidence between products and consumers by customizing to suit their needs; what produces this emotional connection. Therefore, the study through reviewing known previous approaches of sustainability during design and strategies to progress product lifetime to reduce replacement. With reference, successively, to the influence of the concept of emotional attachment on the consumer and his product; through some determinants and factors of attachment to the product. Which results in an acceptance of the concept of building a strong relationship between the two parties to reduce product exchange. Hence, it leads to the aspiration to reach novelty through the product without the need to purchase a newer product; that has new technology available, even though the product is still working. For that reason, this research tries to highlight a new approach to work on achieving the consumer's desires, fulfil his/her requirements, to feel satisfied with the product.

The electrochemical restoration process is one of the restoration processes, in addition to electrodeposition used to form or weld corroded or missing metal parts in historical metal objects with a thickness of layers that may reach several millimeters at a low cost and high quality. Also, the electrochemical restoration process is the ideal process for fabricating parts in some historical models in places that are difficult to reach by other traditional methods, such as fine nozzles, deep crevices, and so on. However, practical applications of electrochemically restoring metal objects gave the proof that many objects with complex shapes are difficult to restore. Here, the role of the research is the answer on many inquiries related to the determinants of the shape of the product and related to the basics of the electrochemical restoration process. Therefore, there is an urgent need to set many determinants that must be available in the form of the product to be restored by the electrochemical method. If these determinants are available in the form of the product, they will facilitate the restoration process to successfully perform the operation and obtain the desired results. And by doing several experiments, it has been proven that one of the most important limitations is the absence of deep gaps in the parts that will be electrically restored, as well as avoiding overlapping surfaces with sharp or right angles in the places that must be repaired...etc. It has been found that the absence of attention to verify the presence of these limitations in the product form will negatively affect the results of the restoration process, although their presence in the product has a clear positive effect in the electrochemical restoration of metal objects. research problem:  The need to put clear formal parameters to guide those who perform electrochemical restoration to realize the importance of the shape characteristics of the product to be restored and to facilitate the restoration process for those in charge of it and to research Purpose: 1. The knowledge of the most important defects and advantages of traditional restoration processes. 2. The recognition of the electrochemical restoration process, how it works, the solutions used and their nature, and the most important minerals that can be restored in historical objects. 3. Determination of the formal parameters based on which it is possible to know if the product is suitable for electrochemical restoration or not. Research Hypotheses:  for the shape of the product in the electrochemical restoration process will lead to: a) Facilitating the electrochemical restoration process for those in charge of the operation. b) Obtaining more positive results for the electrochemical restoration process. c) Specifications are better than traditional restoration processes. Research Methodology: The research follows the descriptive analytical method.

The aesthetic artistic expression of Islamic arts represents a vital form in the decorative arts. Islamic arts realize the beauty of things. From this concept, Islamic civilization provided its artists and children with the need for serenity and beauty of the inner spirit and the development of their external visual enjoyment, The research problem includes the need to change the view of the consumer and the owners of ready-made garments printing factories, and the development of the visual culture of the print designer, the consumer, and the factory owners of ready-made garments by making use of the basics of aesthetic artistic expression in Islamic decorative arts, Employing the aesthetics of Islamic arts in the work of contemporary print designs that carry new formal values and achieve excellence and individuality, and study the basic concepts that emphasize the promotion of creativity and link the innovative aspect to the applied aspect in the field of textile printing for ready-made clothes, Design plays an important role in the development of the aesthetic aspect in the life of the individual and the design of the printed uniform is the first source of consumer attraction, The research aims to study the essential characteristics and features that raised the manifestations of Islamic aesthetic art and to reach how to take advantage of the concepts that link the innovative aspect and practical application to obtain print designs for ready-made clothes that carry distinction and individuality and show the extent of benefit from the aesthetic thought of Islamic arts in terms of its decorative vocabulary, Reviving the innovative aspect of the contemporary designer artist to create innovative contemporary print designs that change the external visual enjoyment of the consumer and owners of printing factories and ready-made clothes. The research depends on the descriptive analytical approach with applied study, From the results of the research the researcher proved that the Islamic decorative artworks were distinguished by their individuality, which resulted in the purity and beauty of the inner spirit and the visual enjoyment of the outer, Which helped the researcher to achieve the goal of the research and to know the textile printing designer how to revive his innovative side in obtaining new, contemporary creations for the printing of ready-made garments that help develop the visual culture of producers, factory owners and consumers, And there is a statistically significant relationship between benefiting from the aesthetics of the aesthetic expression of Islamic decorative arts and making innovative print design applications for ready-made garments of an Egyptian character with a distinct individuality and occasion.

The idea in the design process is one of the most important problems faced by the contemporary designer. The design idea is the story that the place tells. The design idea is the general idea in its initial form, which includes several aspects and continues in the design process until the end. It was found that the design process takes a large and important part of contemporary architectural projects. The architectural void of our time has become in constant competition in terms of shape and dazzle for the recipient, categorizing ideas may be difficult as the way of thinking and expressing it differs clearly from person to person. But there remains a link between each group of ideas that makes them have a similar orientation in its general framework and certain characteristics that lead us to say that this idea follows it first. Also, the classification is not for the idea itself, but it can be said that the classification is according to the source of the idea or how it is applied. Each project has its own unique concept. Hence, the research turned to a study on the concept of conceptual art, its main trends and its general philosophy, with the aim of creating steps that help the contemporary designer to start thinking about his own project and how to get a distinctive and special idea for him. A design study was carried out to form the space of the plaza area, following the methodology and methods of conceptual art, to achieve the goal of creating a design idea and applying it in beautifying the courtyards of the malls.