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Sociolinguistic Contrast between the North and the South of Algeria – Sociocultural Dynamics and Dialectal Variations, Case of Two Families from Adrar settled in Tlemcen ABSTRACT: The Maghreb countries are known for their linguistic diversity due to ethnic mixing and the different waves of migration brought by Islamic conquests and colonial constraints. Today, each city and each region bears within them, to different degrees, the marks of this history which is rather combined in the plural. This contribution focuses on the correlation between social mobility and dialectal variety to justify certain phenomena such as transculturalism and bidialectism cause of phonetic distortions and semantic changes. An investigation is proposed to validate these phenomena. RÉSUMÉ : Les pays du Maghreb sont connus pour leurs diversités linguistiques dues au brassage ethnique et aux différentes vagues migratoires apportées par les conquêtes islamiques et les invasions coloniales. Aujourd’hui, chaque ville et chaque région porte en elles, à des degrés différents, les marques de cette histoire qui se conjugue plutôt au pluriel. Cette contribution s’intéresse à la corrélation entre mobilité sociale et variété dialectale pour justifier certains phénomènes tels que la transculturation et le bidialectisme, causes de distorsions phonétiques et de changements sémantiques. Une enquête de terrain est proposée pour analyser et comprendre ces phénomènes

The development path in Algeria shows that it was unable to establish a sustainable development path at all levels, which was mainly related to the lack of pace of structural transformation and the failure to build a diversified economic structure. Economic diversification represents a way out for the Algerian economy to modify its current development path, as it increases the spread of positive effects. Such as increasing productivity, efficiency and technological development among economic activities and sectors, while ensuring the need for a clear role from the state to direct this diversification towards creating the most dynamic and highly productive economic activities.

The proper management information has been a strategic issue for companies. So mastery of the information chain is a guarantee of added value, since it enables better exchange with partners, to reuse business knowledge and finally to structure the work of trades. In the light of the above, it is convenient to clarify the role of the State in the field of Business intelligence (BI). The circulation of the sensitive information between the public sphere & the private sector is for benefit of both parties. First, to support firms in the field of economic safety and to sustain them in their international expansion. In the second time, to explain on the state’s technological, commercial and industrial stakes, who impact simultaneously the employment and the strategic patrimony protection of sovereignty. Our article focuses on a benchmark comparative of BI practices in three Maghreb countries: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Nevertheless, in the absence of comparative studies on the state of the BI in Maghreb, it has been very difficult to make a reasoned assessment. However, on the basis of disparate contributions, several reports or even results have been draw up.

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة الدور الوسيط للاستقامة التنظيمية في العلاقة بين الصحة التنظيمية والاحتراق الوظيفي بالتطبيق على شركة المراعي بالمملكة العربية السعودية، وتمثلت مشكلة الدراسة بالسؤال الرئيسي التالي : هل الاستقامة التنظيمية تفسر العلاقة بين الصحة التنظيمية والاحتراق الوظيفي؟ الفرضية الرئيسة: أن الاستقامة التنظيمية تفسر العلاقة بين الصحة التنظيمية والاحتراق الوظيفي. واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، واعتمدت على عينه عشوائية، وصممت استبانه لجمع البيانات، حيث تم توزيع عدد (207) استبانه، واسترد منها (198) استبانه، حيث بلغت نسبة الاسترداد%95)) جميعها صالح للتحليل. ولتحليل البيانات واختبار الفرضيات تم استخدام أساليب الإحصاء الوصفي والتحليل عبر برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية SPSS،Amos25. وأهم النتائج التي توصلت لها الدراسة: انه يوجد توسط جزئي للاستقامة التنظيمية بين الصحة التنظيمية والاحتراق الوظيفي – بالتطبيق على العاملين بشركة المراعي بالمملكة العربية السعودية. وأوصت الدراسة: ضرورة ان تواكب وحدة تقنية المعلومات والشبكات بالشركة التطورات التقنيات الحديثة، ضرورة أن يؤخذ في الاعتبار قدرات وإمكانيات العاملين عند توزيع المهام حسب قدرته.

This study aimed to determine the quality and storability of the orange fruit cv. Diyala after 60 days of storage at 6±1°C and 90% RH under aqueous ozone at 4 mg L-1 or 15% Aloe vera gel. The fruit packaging was applied in three types: without packing, perforated plastic bags, and paper wrapping bags. The experiment was performed in a complete randomized design with three replicates. These parameters were studied: weight loss, respiration rate, moisture content, firmness, pH, juice, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, TSS/TA, total sugar, ascorbic acid, and total carotenoids. Results indicated that the lowest weight loss in orange fruits was recorded for the 15% Aloe vera + Perforated plastic bag (7.17%), the minimum respiration rate was recorded for the 15% Aloe vera + Perforated plastic bag (8.96 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1), the same treatment had the most significant effect on the moisture content (80.55%), all treatments significantly affected on the firmness of orange fruits. The aqueous ozone + Perforated plastic bag treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment on the pH value. On the other hand, the highest juice percentage was recorded from the control treatment—the total titratable acidity obtained in aqueous ozone + 15% Aloe vera (0.72%). Furthermore, 15% Aloe vera + without packaging significantly affected the ascorbic acid content of oranges. The aqueous ozone + 15% Aloe vera + fruit wrapping paper bag treatment greatly affected the total sugar and carotenoid contents.

This research explores social inclusion in the Jamasan Pusaka ceremony in Kalibening, Dawuhan, Banyumas as a strategy to preserve cultural heritage. The study finds that the practice of inclusion involves the community, the village government, and the Banyumas Regency Culture and Tourism Office. The form of Islam practised in Dawuhan Village accommodates the culture and customs inherited by the ancestors. This can be seen in the 2019 Jamasan Pusaka ceremony, which included the recitation of shalawat and religious lectures, unlike in previous years. The involvement of the village government is shown through the granting of permits. This support ensures the smooth running of the event through official authorization and assistance. The relationship between the Jamasan Pusaka ceremony and the Department of Culture and Tourism is evident from the department's participation in giving a speech before the ceremony began, which showed their support and motivated the Kalibening community to organize the event. The efforts made by the Kalibening community to preserve this cultural heritage include teaching how to perform the Jamasan Pusaka ceremony and taking the benefits of the ceremony. They are trained to appreciate Jamasan Pusaka by understanding every step of the tradition.

This study examines how Islamic economic principles can provide guidance for ethical wealth creation, protection, and distribution in the rapidly evolving digital economy, particularly in the face of cybercrime and financial scams. The research investigates the adaptability of Islamic teachings to digital economic activities, emphasizing the importance of lawful enterprise and social responsibility. The study employs qualitative analysis of Qur'anic precepts, Hadiths, and contemporary Islamic scholarship. The findings reveal that Islamic wealth management principles are not only compatible with but also vital for navigating the complexities of the digital age. These principles advocate for ethical earning, robust protection of wealth through cybersecurity measures, and the socially responsible distribution of wealth. The study emphasizes the necessity for precise legal frameworks that align with Islamic ethical standards in digital commerce, alongside a strong emphasis on education regarding digital economic activities within an Islamic framework. Engaging in the digital economy under Islamic guidelines is feasible and advantageous, highlighting the critical role of international cooperation among Muslim countries to combat cybercrime and ensure a secure, equitable digital economic environment. This approach fosters economic resilience and social welfare in accordance with Islamic values.

This study aims to analyze the use of amṡāl muṣarraḥah in Surat Al-Baqarah [2]:17-18 and its resulting implications on the meaning of lexical, dictional and stylistic selection of lafadz. The research method used is analytic descriptive qualitative with the approach used linguistic approaches and history. The conclusion of this study is, first: Lafadz in the amṡāl muṣarraḥah of the Qur'an has a very important role in knowing the interpretation in general. Second: there is a strong relationship between the choice of words in diction and the resulting meaning so as to produce a beautiful and fluent style that is impossible to represent by other words lexically. Third: stilistics in amṡāl are divided into two in lafadz or expression (style), both of which have implications on the aspect of meaning that will be produced so as to facilitate a reader in understanding it, obeying it and practicing it as desired by Allāh subhānahū wata'āla.

This study aims to determine the extent to which semi-sports contribute to the development of the character of speed in middle-class students (11-13) years, where the researchers used the experimental method and may be a community study of 600 students from the middle of Ras Souta, State of Algeria, and the sample of the study was 40 pupils (male and female) selected in a deliberate way due to the nature of the research, the researchers used an educational program consisting of a set of classes to measure the development of the capacity of the speed as a study tool and the study test was used as a statistical tool to analyze and interpret the results. The study concluded that a significant improvement in the development of the character of speed in middle school students through the application of the semi-sports program, and came up with recommendations, the most important of which were: guided by the scientific foundations in the construction of an educational unit in sports semi-sports in accordance with the content of the article curriculum for the development of physical abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to study the role of technological innovation in improving the competitiveness of the Company, through the study of a sample of Algerian companies. In this sense, we measured the effect of this variable on the competitiveness of the company through four indicators: profitability, market share, overall productivity of factors of production, and average manufacturing cost. The empirical approach is based on the method of structural equations, a measurement method, which allows a number of observed and latent variables to be linked. The results obtained from an analysis by the PLS method confirmed that there is a positive effect relationship of technological innovation on the competitiveness of the company by valuing the indicators proposed in our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public knowledge about COVID-19 and vaccines can support the success of programs to deal with this disease. The scope of providing vaccine information in Indonesia is not maximized because it is still new and some people refuse to be vaccinated for reasons of worry about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, they express distrust of vaccines and question the halalness of vaccines . To find out Information Analysis About the Effect of Vaccines on the Participation Rate of Covid-19 Vaccination at Various Health Centers in NTT Province . Obtain research knowledge regarding the influence of Information Analysis on the Effect of Vaccines on the Participation Rate of Covid-19 Vaccination at Various Health Centers in the Province of NTT. This research is also useful for helping research subjects increase their knowledge and insight into knowledge by participating in the COVID-19 vaccination at various NTT Provincial Health Centers .

The Arab Political Theater and the Manifestations of the Revolt: The Case of the Diwan Al-Zinj Play of Azzeddine Al-Madani ABSTRACT: The Arab political theater emerged as a result of the Arab revolutions and political fluctuations in the Arab This happened especially when Arabs were shaken by the humiliating news of the setback. In fact, this was a strong motivation for the movement of Arab playwrights towards political theater and towards adopting revolutionary dimensions. This motivation is played by striking the strings of popular consciousness and enlightening the Arab mind in order to reach the desired goal of political theater. The present article tries to reach the nature of the relationship between Arab political theater and the revolutionary dimensions in the work of Azzeddine Al-Madani, Diwan Al-Zinj. It also seeks to uncover the nature of the artistic, social and cultural interaction between theater and Arab political reality. RÉSUMÉ : Le théâtre politique arabe est apparu à la suite des révolutions et des fluctuations politiques dans la région du monde arabe, et notamment lorsque le peuple arabe a été secoué par l’humiliante nouvelle du revers. Ceci a donné un fort motif aux dramaturges arabes d’aborder le théâtre politique et adopter ses dimensions en jouant sur l’illumination des esprits et l’élévation des consciences dans l’espoir d’atteindre l’objectif escompté du théâtre politique. À la lumière de ce qui précède, notre article tente d’explorer la nature de la relation entre le théâtre politique arabe et ses dimensions révolutionnaires dans le discours de la pièce théâtrale Diwan Al-Zinj du dramaturge tunisien Azzeddine Al-Madani, ainsi que la révélation de la nature des chevauchements artistico-politico-culturels entre le théâtre et la réalité politique dans le monde arabe.

Cette contribution traite des questions d’images et d’émotions dans la rhétorique de Baaba Maal. Il met fondamentalement l’accent sur comment le parolier parvient-il à se servir des stratégies argumentatives, telles que l’ethos et le pathos pour rendre ses paroles persuasives ? Quels types d’ethos se crée-t-il ? Comment parvient-il à émouvoir son auditoire ? Comment, à travers une mise en scène calculée, l’éveilleur se positionne comme étant l’ambassadeur de la langue et de la culture pulaar ? Abstract This paper deals with issues of images and emotions in Baaba Maal's rhetoric. The focus is basically on how the lyricist manages to use argumentatives strategies, such as ethos and pathos, to make his lyrics persuasive? What kinds of ethos does he create for himself? How does he manage to move his audience? How does he position himself as an ambassador of the Pulaar language and culture through a calculated staging?

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Discourse of Persuasive Technical Evidence through Publicity Poster ABSTRACT: this article deals with the publicity argumentation which uses technical proofs that allow the publicists to convince or persuade the potential "consumers". The objective of this type of discourse, like any other, is the ardent promotion of a product to a target audience so that it can have a favorable appreciation of it and buy it by extension. Also, it can aim at making the public aware of the evils of a product or at inviting them to operate a change of behavior. Since publicity discourse is a discourse of belief with a powerful persuasive aim, it is important to know how, through a staging, its resources are mobilized. Through an enunciative, communicative, argumentative and pragmatic approach, this article tries to explain how the emitting instance plays on the representations of the receiving instance. RÉSUMÉ : cet article traite de l’argumentation publicitaire qui fait appel aux preuves techniques qui permettent aux publicistes de convaincre ou de persuader les potentiels « consommateurs ». L’objectif de ce type de discours, comme celui de tout autre d’ailleurs, est la promotion ardente d’un produit chez une cible afin qu’elle puisse en avoir une appréciation favorable et, par ricochet, l’acheter. Aussi, peut-il viser à sensibiliser le public sur les méfaits d’un produit ou à les inviter à opérer un changement de comportement. Le discours publicitaire étant un discours de faire croire à forte visée persuasive, il est important de savoir comment, à travers une mise en scène, ses ressources sont mobilisées. À travers une approche énonciative, communicationnelle, argumentative et pragmatique, cet article tente d’expliquer comment l’instance émettrice joue sur les représentations de l’instance réceptrice

The growing concern in inspecting the aspiration of individual and public health within the protection of the environment has been developed a comprehensive system for maintaining a healthy society. But there is still a deficiency in the relationship between Man and the environment. The required ethics for environmental responsibility have not been promoted within the textual divine messages, and practices of the individuals are degrading the earth’s environment and hence the predicament of nature. Quran is elaborating almost seven hundred and fifty times about the relationship among the nature and man. In this paper, the gap of divine practices for environmental protection have been discussed by conducting comprehensive textual analysis towards ethical aspects and implications of environmental cleanliness within the divine teachings of the Qur’an. And it teaches the people that how natural conservation sustainability and responsibility can be preserved for coming generation. Holy Quran refers to a wide range of ethical teachings of cleanliness, themes and relates to the core elements of life i.e. human being, Water, Air, Land, Plants, Animals, and other life resources. As Prophet( PBUH) is also very concerned about the preservation of “living souls” according to Him Cleanliness is half of faith”, he teaches us that how everything including hygiene of different parts of the body, that how e.g. oral , menstrual , sexual , toilet , sleep , environment hygiene is necessary.

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة أثر الابتكار الاجتماعي في العلاقة بين التوجه الاستراتيجي والكفاءة في القطاع الصناعي بولاية الخرطوم، إلا إن قلة الدراسات التي تناولت محددات الابتكار الاجتماعي خاصة في الدول النامية. تم بناء نموذج الدراسة وفرضياتها بناء على دراسات سابقة في تطوير مقاييس الدراسة تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وعلى العينة غير الاحتمالية /ميسرة وذلك لأنه تم توزيعها على فئة المديرين بمختلف مستوياتهم الوظيفية وتم تصميم اداة لجمع البيانات الاولية (الاستبانة)، وكان العدد الكلى الموزع (384) استبانة، حيث تم توزيعها على عدد (96) مؤسسة صناعية سودانية عاملة بولاية الخرطوم بنسبة استرداد بلغت (87%) وتم استخدام برنامج الحزم الاحصائية (SPSS) و(اموس23) لتحليل البيانات. تم استخدام أسلوب تحليل المسار ونمذجة المعادلة البنائية لاختبار فرضياتها، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى استنتاجات أهمها الابتكار الاجتماعي لا يتوسط العلاقة الايجابية بين التوجه التكنولوجي والكفاءة بينما يوجد أثر إيجابي الابتكار الاجتماعي على الكفاءة واختتم البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات كان اهمها ضرورة الاهتمام في الابداع والسلوك الاجتماعي والفاعلية لما لها من أهمية في تحسين أداء المؤسسة المبحوثة، وبناء على نتائج الدراسة تمت مناقشة نتائج الدراسة وكذلك التأثير النظري والتطبيقي وأيضا تم تقديم توصيات واقتراح بحوث مستقبلية.

This study aimed to identify the features of the scientific production about the Corona pandemic published during the year 2020 and indexed in four Arab periodicals platforms. The platforms and published studies on the Corona pandemic were surveyed, Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. The researchers investigated the thematic, linguistic and temporal trends of this production, as well as identifying the most important periodicals that published it, in addition to the features of authorship, the authors' specializations, and the most important institutions they belong to. The most important results were that the number of articles published on the Corona pandemic amounted to 748 articles. the most important topics covered were medicine, economics, and law, respectively. the Arabic language had the largest share of published articles, and the highest publication rate was in the month of December.

Mengetahui corak penafsiran tertentu dari suatu karya tafsir penting dilakukan sebab setiap Mufassir akan terpengaruh dalam penafsirannya baik itu oleh lingkungan, pemikiran, Aqidah, Guru dan sebagainya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui corak tafsir balaghi dengan analisis melalui kitab tafsir Tafsir Al-Kassyaf ‘An Ghawamidh At-Tanzil Wa ‘Uyun Al-Aqawil Fii Wujuh At-Ta’wil karya Abu al-Qasim Az-Zamakhsyari. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur (Library research). Berdasarkan pembahasan, Corak penafsiran balaghi bisa diketahui dengan cara melihat mufassir dalam menafsirkan ayat tertentu. Dalam konteks tafsir al-Kasyaf ini, Az-Zamaksyari memilki metode khusus dalam menafsirkan ayat tertentu diantaranya: mengawalinya dengan menyebutkan nama surat, makkiyah dan madaniyah, menjelaskan makna nama surat, menyebutkan keutamaan surat,memasukkan qira’at, Menjelaskan bahasa, nahwu, sharaf dan ilmu-ilmu bahasa Arab lainnya (secara tahlili), dan menafsirkan ayat dengan mengacu pendapat tertentu dan membantah penafsiran yang dianggapnya tidak tepat. Knowing the pattern of certain interpretations of a work of interpretation is important because each Mufassir will be affected in its interpretation be it by the environment, thoughts, Aqidah, Master and so on. This paper aims to find out balaghi's interpretation patterns with analysis through the Tafsir al-Kassyaf 'An Ghawamidh At-Tanzil Wa 'Uyun Al-Aqawil Fii Wujuh At-Ta'wil by Abu al-Qasim Az-Zamakhsyari. The method used in this paper is a qualitative approach method with the method of literature study (Library research). Based on the discussion, balaghi interpretation patterns can be known by looking at mufassir in interpreting certain verses. In the context of al-Kasyaf's interpretation, Az-Zamaksyari has a special method of interpreting certain verses including: starting by mentioning the names of letters, makkiyah and madaniyah, Explain the meaning of the letter name, mention the virtues of the letter, include qira'at, explain the language, nahwu, sharaf and other Arabic sciences (tahlili), and interpret the verse by referring to certain opinions and refute interpretations that it considers inappropriate.

ÖZ Geçmişi insanlık tarihi kadar eski olan iyilik yapma ve sevap kazanma duygusundan doğan vakıf, İslam ile birlikte hukuksal bir zemin kazanarak ebedi bir müessese haline gelmiştir. Sosyo-kültürel ve dini hizmetleri üstlenen vakıf ya da vakfa benzer fiiller yalnızca Müslümanlar arasında değil diğer dinlere mensup insanlar arasında da yaygın şekilde görülmekteydi. Örneğin Hint devletlerinde kralların din adamı olan Brahmanlara köyler hediye ettiği görülmektedir. Brahmanlar bu köylerin mülküne sahip olmamakta, köylüler tarafından işlenen toprakların gelirini almakta ve böylece varidat sahibi olmaktaydılar. Dârülislâm’da gerek Müslüman gerekse de gayrimüslim tebaa tarafından kurulan vakıflar şerʻî hukuka bağlı olarak faaliyet göstermekteydi. Osmanlı Devleti’nin üç yüz yedi yıl hüküm sürdüğü Kıbrıs Adası’nda da aynı şerʻî hükümler bağlamında çok sayıda vakfın kurulduğu görülmektedir. Osmanlı Dönemi Kıbrıs vakıfları üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmasına rağmen bunlardan yalnızca biri gayrimüslim vakıflarını konu edinmektedir. Söz konusu çalışmada ise yalnızca yedi şahıs vakfı ele alınmakta ancak kiliselere ait fetih öncesi ve sonrası vakıflarına değinilmemektedir. Bu çalışmada işaret edilen söz konusu eksiklik üzerinde durulacaktır. Genel olarak KKTC Girne Milli Arşiv ve Araştırma Dairesinde bulunan Kıbrıs Şerʻiyye Sicilleri kaynak olarak alınmakla birlikte, Osmanlı Arşivi ve Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivinden tespit edilen belgeler analiz edilecektir. Öncelikle gayrimüslim ve zimmî kavramları açıklanarak Kıbrıs’ta bu kategoriye giren şahıslar ve bunların hukuki haklarına değinilip İslam hukukunda gayrimüslimlerin vakıf kurma hakları üzerinde durulacaktır. Diğer bir başlık altında iki tablo halinde verilen biri iptal edilmiş on bir şahıs vakfı ile farklı cemaatlere ait yirmi bir kilise ve manastır vakfı ayrıntılı olarak incelenecektir.

Gözetim olgusu günümüz toplumlarının ayırt edici vasıflarından biri haline gelmiştir. Modern biçimiyle ilk olarak panoptik bir hapishane tasarımı şeklinde ortaya çıkan gözetim, bilgisayar ve kameraların hayatımıza girmesiyle farklılaşmış, “veri gözetimi”nin de eklenmesiyle oldukça ileri boyutlara taşınmıştır. Biz bu gözetim türüne beşeri gözetim adını vermekteyiz. Beşeri gözetim, bir paradigmaysa bu paradigmanın amaçlarından birinin, özellikle insan hakkında, gizli açık her şeyi görme ve bilme isteği olduğu açıktır. Bu da tanıdık bir inancı yani her şeyi gören ve bilen Tanrı inancını çağrıştırır. Bu tür bir tanrı inancına da ilahi gözetim adını verebiliriz. İlahi gözetim, Tanrının evrende olan her şeyle birlikte insanın tüm faaliyetlerini gözetlediğine ve her şeyi kayıt altına aldığına yönelik dini inançlara dayanır. Özellikle semavi (monoteist) dinlerde bu inanış oldukça güçlüdür. Beşeri gözetimin dinsel bir temeli var mıdır? Çalışmanın temel sorusu budur. Teolojik açıdan gözetim, Tanrının her şeyi görmesi ve bilmesiyle aynı değildir. Fakat gözetim toplumunun teorisyenlerinden Lyon’a göre beşeri gözetim tasarımının kaynağı Mezmurlar’daki “her şeyi gören Tanrı” inanışıdır. Bu çerçevede gözetim, Hıristiyanlık ve Yahudiliğin “gözetleyen Tanrı” inancının politik olarak yeniden tasarlanmış ve küreselleşmiş şeklidir. Monoteist ve kutsal bir kaynaktan ilham alınarak tasarlanmış olmasına rağmen kutsal bir kaynağı yokmuş gibi tüm toplumlarda uygulanabiliyor olması, onun nihai derecede sekülerleştirilmiş olmasıyla ilgilidir. Her ne kadar monoteist dinlerdeki gözetleyen tanrı inancı birbirine benzer olsa da İslam’daki “her şeyi gören Allah” inancıyla beşeri gözetim arasında organik bağ kurmak oldukça zor gözükmektedir. Çünkü ikisi arasında tarihsel açıdan ilişki kurulamadığı gibi sosyolojik açıdan da ilişki kurulamamaktadır. İki gözetim türü arasındaki betimsel benzerliğin nedeni bu tasarıma İslam’ın ilham vermiş olmasından değil, monoteist dinlerin teolojik kökenlerinin ortak olmasındandır. Gerçi gözetleyen bir Tanrı'yı düşünmenin, beşeri gözetimle aynı sosyal bilişsel süreçleri tetiklediğine dair deneysel veriler bulunmaktadır ve bu verilere İslam diniyle ilgili bulgular da dâhildir. Fakat deney sonuçlarının tamamen doğru olduğunu varsaysak bile bu, konuyu sadece psikolojik açıdan açıklamak için kullanılabilir. Oysa gözetim, politik bir araç olarak tasarlanmıştır ve bu tasarımın ilham kaynağı Kur’an değil Mezmurlar’dır. Bununla birlikte Kur’an gözetleme etiği açısından bir başlangıç oluşturabilir. “…Birbirinizin kusurlarını ve mahremiyetlerini araştırmayın…” mealindeki ayet bu açıdan önemlidir. Çalışma, bundan başka “veri gözetimi”ni de ele almakta ve “verilerin efendisi” konumundaki kişilerin “Yapay Tanrılar” gibi davrandıklarını ileri sürmektedir. Bunu da Kur’an’da bahsi geçen Nemrut kıssasıyla ilişkilendirmektedir. Nemrut’un “ben de öldürür ve diriltirim” şeklindeki tutumu yapay bir tanrı gibi davrandığını göstermektedir. O, bu davranışı politik bir söylem olarak tasarlamıştı. Onun politik açıdan tanrı gibi algılanması için bütün evreni öldürüp diriltme gücüne sahip olmasına gerek yoktu. Sadece kendi toplumunda istediğini öldürebilecek güce sahip olması bunun için yeterliydi. Gerçekten de Nemrut, kavmi içinde adeta bir tanrı gibi yüceltiliyordu. Tıpkı bunun gibi “Verilerin efendileri”nin de tanrı gibi algılanması için tüm evrenin bilgisini toplamalarına gerek yoktur. Sadece insanlara ait verilerin bir kısmını toplamaları bunun için yeterlidir. Bilhassa küresel salgınların konuşulduğu günümüzde bu “Yapay Tanrılar” hakkında fazlasıyla söz edilir olmuştur. Dahası toplumsal bilinçte, bunların “sahte tanrılığını” onaylar nitelikte bir yüceltme eğiliminin bulunduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın verileri literatür taramasıyla toplanmış ve betimleyici bir yaklaşımla analiz edilmiştir. İslam için kullanılan temel veriler Kur’an’ın ilgili ayetleridir. İslam’daki “gözetleyen Allah” inancıyla günümüz gözetim sistemleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmak için ayrıca karşılaştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

The Qur'an is the greatest holy book that was ever revealed on the surface of the earth, entrusted to the best and most honest people of its time and sent down in the most blessed city on earth. In it is full of instructions for all mankind in order to achieve salvation both in this world and in the hereafter. The scriptures that have been proven from time to time are superior in glory and proven to be strong in authenticity. So it is appropriate for a Muslim to make it a guide in his life. Among the aspects that can be taken from the Qur'an is how the Qur'an describes and explains the educational methods applied to children, showing clearly how Islam treats children as the main goal in Islamic education in order to produce a generation capable of carrying out the task. -Duties and mandates of Muslims in the future. This research is intended to collect explanations of the verses of the Qur'an related to education for children through a literature study approach. With the scope of the research based on the explanation from Taisir Karim Ar-Rahman fi Tafsir Kalam Al-Mannan's commentary book, especially explanations related to the education of children. This research is aimed at returning the educational vision of Muslims back to the guidance of the Qur'an and Al-Sunnah which are proven to be able to create an advanced and strong Islamic civilization by practicing the guidance of the Qur'an and Al-Sunnah and applying it in their lives so as to create generations of people. strong, monotheistic, and noble.

Translation, in its simplest sense, is a means of interaction and communication between peoples and nations. It is an essential tool that expresses the strength of society in absorbing the greatest amount of science and knowledge reached by humanity in its quest for progress. Translation is an independent art that depends on creativity and linguistic sense, and it leads to understanding different cultures and thus bringing them closer together. Some liken it to a ship that transports science and knowledge from one place to another, thus helping nations to communicate and benefit from each other's experiences, as it is a key element in the interaction and openness of peoples to each other and a window to their heritage and intellectual productions. This paper includes books translated into Arabic in the field of libraries, information and archives published between 2000 and 2020, alphabetically arranged by the names of authors and their equivalents or titles, under subject headings that are also alphabetically arranged, with full metadata provided wherever possible.

The ruling regime in this type of distribution gives individuals to a certain extent the right to exploit the wealth that has not been affected by productive activity, which earns them the right to enter into the process of productive activity to be entitled to a return of productive wealth. It is a rule that we need to know how far it extends in parallel with the distribution of land ownership. Land is the most important factor of production because of its natural ability to participate in various social activities and its ability to maintain various characteristics in different times. In this research we tried to reach the philosophy of Islamic jurisprudence regarding the distribution of land ownership, while trying to explore the multiple views of the various Islamic jurists.

The article explores views of Maulᾱna Waḥῑduddῑn Khᾱn on relation between Islam and secularism as there is no specification of his thoughts on the above issue as critics and other scholars tend to show confusion when they approach Khᾱn’s thoughts from that specific angle. Maulᾱna Waḥῑduddῑn Khᾱn is an Indian religious scholar and peace activist who is alive and known for his modern, cosmopolitan and peaceful thoughts. In this article the scattered and disjointed views of Khᾱn on relation between Islam and secularism have been portrayed as to give context to his original views and show his actual stance which might remove the confusion prevalent amongst intellectuals and scholars as to spot Khᾱn’s basic stance on the above issue. The definition and different experiences of secularism has been shortly described along with projection of diversity of stance from other Muslim scholars as to broaden the very background of the issue. Later the views of Khᾱn and his approach to the issue have been presented. The article will throw light that how Khᾱn perceives the issue of relation between Islam and secularism and what is the point of convergence and divergence between Islam and secularism. This article will also highlight that whether he deals the topic on the basis of creed or philosophy or pragmatism and that whether he takes secularism as beneficial or damaging to the interest of Muslims and Islam. The article also shed light on the scheme of Khᾱn that how Muslim should deal with the phenomenon of secularism.

Woman is an important part of human society. At every turn in human history, she has played a very important role in the development of the existence of the world along with man. Unfortunately, the woman responsible for the survival of the human race has always failed to find her rightful place in society. It is only Islam that takes strict care of women's rights and responsibilities. Through the enlightened principles of Islam, a woman's intellectual worries can be eradicated and she can be given a real place in society.In this article the struggle for women's rights in the West has been mentioned. The role of the United Nations on women's responsibilities and rights. Beijing Conference on Women. The Commission on the Status of Women. The Islamic view of women's responsibilities. Women in pre-Islamic society. Honoring women in Islam. Purposes of marriage in Islamic law. The effect of the institution of marriage in expanding the concept of responsibility. Women’s responsibilities and etiquette in the new society. The original job that the woman is specialized in is the wife, mother and rising children. Mentioned the morals that she abide by.

The aim of this study is to identify the disruption of electronic links existed in the reference lists of Cybrarians Journal. These links were checked on google engine during March 2020. The main results show that: 49% of the electronic links were disrupted; the disruption decreases as the years more recent, according to domain extension the disruption almost up to half to each domain. The researcher tried to find a solution to solve this issue by examining the disrupted links using (Internet Archive Wayback Machine), the result was satisfying as 39% of the disrupted links were retrieved, and the total percentage of the disrupted links decreased from 48% to 30%.

Bu çalışmada, İbn Cüzey’inet-Teshil li ‘ulumi’t-tenziladlı eserinin önsöz ve mukaddimeleri, tefsirde üslup ve usûl sorunlarına yaklaşımı açısından incelenmiştir. İbn Cüzey, eserine ilkifaydalı konular ve küllȋ kaidelerden; ikincisiKur’an’da sık geçen lafızların anlamlarının işlendiği bir lügatçeden oluşan iki mukaddime yazmış;böylece takip ettiği usûlü ve üslubu hakkında bilgiler vermiş; girizgâhta iseet-Teshȋl’i, hangi saiklerle yazdığını ve amacını genel ifadelerle açıklamıştır. Bu bağlamda klasik tefsir küllîyatındaki bazı eserleri, bazen isim vererek ama daha çok meçhul kipte eleştirmiş ve bu sorunların nasıl aşılabileceğine dair önerilerde bulunmuştur. Onun bunu yapmaktan kastı, öncelikle tefsirde usûl ve üslubun önemini ortaya koymak; böylelikle akademik anlamda tefsirle ilgilenenlere ve sade okurlara sağlıklı bir perspektif kazandırmak, ardından da okura bu muhtasar eserin nasıl okunacağına ilişkin rehberlik etmektir. Makalenin önemi de buradan kaynaklanmaktadır. Makalede, ilmi şahsiyetinden tefsir mukaddimelerine kıvrılan bir üslupla betimleyici bir dil kullanılmış, sonra da tahlil-tenkit eksenli bir yaklaşımla genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Bu makale, Kur’an’ın ȃmm lafızlarının delaleti bağlamında tefsir ilmi ile fıkıh usulünün ilişkisini araştırmaktadır Esasen İslami ilimler bağlamında ȃmm lafızların delaleti, İslam’ın temel metinlerindeki lafızlarla ilgili olduğu için sadece fıkıh usulü veya tefsir ilminin özel konusu değil, tüm İslami ilimlerin ortak konusudur. İslami ilimlerin üzerinde çalıştığı temel dini metinlerin aynılığı, bu ilimler arasında disiplinlerarası ilişkileri zorunlu hale getirmektedir. Tefsir ilmi ile fıkıh usulü arasındaki ilişkinin ȃmm lafızlar bağlamında işlenmesinin nedeni de budur. Fıkıh usulü, bu konuyu Kur’an’ın lafızlarından ve ibarelerinden hukuki normlar çıkarmak için incelemektedir. Yani lafızların vaz‘ȋ delaleti, fıkıh usulünün hukuki normlar çıkarmak için müracaat ettiği temel istidlal yöntemlerinden biridir. Tefsir ilmi ise Arap dilinin kaide ve teamüllerine dayanan bu istidlal yöntemini, ilgili lafızlarla Allah’ın neyi murad ettiğini belirleyebilmek için konu edinmektedir. Lafızların vaz‘ȋ delaleti konusunda tefsir ilmi ile fıkıh usulünün birbirinden ayrıldığı esas nokta da budur. Ayrıca lafızların delaletleri, İslam bilginlerine ilahi hitabı, farklı zamanlar ve mekânlardaki muhataplarının vakıalarıyla ilişkilendirme imkânını vermektedir.

Anadolu Beyliklerinin 1071 yılından sonra Anadolu gibi geniş bir coğrafyada, oldukça değişik kültürler, medeniyetler, toplumlar, büyük dinî sistemler ile ilişkileri olmuştur. Bu temasların sonucunda gayet köklü sosyal, kültürel ve dinî değişim süreçlerine de maruz kalmışlardır. Karamanoğulları, son derece zengin olan Türk kültür, dinî geleneğe ve geçmişin mirasına sahip bir beylik olarak tarihteki yerini almıştır. Beyliğin dini yapısı İslam’la bütünleşmiş bulunduğundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Özellikle Anadolu’da yerleşen Beylikler burasını bir Türk yurdu haline getirmişlerdir. Karamanoğlu Beyliği’nin sosyal, kültürel dinî hayatının Selçuklulardan ve Osmanlıdan ayrı bir şekilde düşünülmemesi gerekir. Bunların bilimsel olarak incelenmesi sadece geçmiş dönemler için değil günümüz sorunlarının çözümüne de ışık tutabilecektir. Karamanoğulları, Osmanlı Beyliğinin de içinde bulunduğu Batı Anadolu Beyliklerinden hayli farklı olarak bir tarihi sürece sahip olarak gelişme göstermektedir. Bu gelişmeden yola çıkarak Karamanlılar merkezi bir siyasi teşekkül olarak Selçuklulardan sonra bütün Anadolu beyleri üzerinde hâkimiyet iddiasını açık bir şekilde ortaya koymuştur. Karamanoğulları, Anadolu’nun orta kesimlerinde Türk hâkimiyetinin yerleşmesinde önemli rol oynamışlardır. Bu beyliğin güçlü bir beylik olarak ortaya çıkması sonucu, siyasi belirsizliklerin ortadan kalktığı dahası sakin bir dönemin başladığını görmekteyiz. Karamanoğlu Beyliği’nin sosyal, kültürel ve dinî sistemi gelenekçi ve hatta statik eğilimlerine rağmen tamamen kapalı ve durağan olmamıştır. Beyliğin dinî yapısı İslam’la, bütünleşmiş bir inanç ve uygulamalar toplamından ibaret olmak yerine karmaşık, heterojen ve değişim halindeki bir olgudur. Bu olgunun dinî ve toplumsal bir süreç olarak değişik tezahürlerinin, Selçuklu, Beylikler ve Osmanlı toplumu ile yakından ilişkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Biz bu çalışmamızda, Karamanoğlu Beyliği’nin sosyal, kültürel ve dinî yapısı giyim-kuşamdan cami, mescit, medrese, han, hamam, kervansaray ve mezar taşına kadar sosyal, kültürel hayatın görünür tüm alanları hakkında bilgi vermeye çalışacağız

“Küreselleşme Çağında İslam” Mısır’ın tanınmış yazarlarından MahmudHamdi Zakzuk’un 1999 ve 2000 yıllarında Mısır’ın ünlü gazetesi el-Ehram’dayayınlanan makalelerini tekrar ele alarak bir kitap bütünlüğü içinde yenidenkurguladığı yazılarından oluşmaktadır. Sümeyra Özkan tarafından Türkçe’yeçevrilen kitap Mana Yayınları (İstanbul) tarafından 2013 yılında 128 sayfaolarak basılmıştır.

Bu makalede tefsirin müdevven bir ilim mi yoksa diğer İslamî ilimlerin toplamından zuhur eden tikel bir marifet mi olduğu meselesi, betimleyicilik hususiyetinin yüksek olmasından ötürü tefsir ilminin tanımları üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Tarihte olduğu gibi günümüzde de bu tartışmanın odağında tefsirin eczâ-i ulûmu yani ilimlerin temel unsurlarını taşıyıp taşımadığı meselesi yatmaktadır. Eczâ-i ulûm, ilimlerin mevzusu, mesâili ve mebâdîidir. Tefsirin bir ilim olduğunu savunanlar, onun bu unsurların tamamını taşıdığını iddia ederlerken karşıt fikri benimseyenler bu kıstası kısmen karşıladığını, dolayısıyla müdevven bir ilim değil de tikel bir marifet olarak kabul edilmesi gerektiğini öne sürmektedirler. Tarihte ve günümüzde söz konusu tartışma bu çerçevede sürdürüldüğü için bu çalışmada da konu aynı bağlamda işlenmiştir. Araştırmanın neticesinde tefsirin söz konusu kıstasların tamamını karşıladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu itibarla tefsir marifet türünden tikel bir bilgi birikimi değildir; bilakis müdevven bir ilimdir.

If we look at the historical process of the place names in Anatolia, we can see which the last owner these areas Turks gave place names right for their language. The Turk clans, who came to the Anatolia after 1071, analyzed their geography and in respect of gave names these areas. For instance; The Turks gave Ankyra-Ankara, Attaleia-Antalya, Ikonium-Konya, Prusa-Bursa and Sebastia-Sivas names suitable for their expression. There are trades of name places of the tribes which continued domination and become a thing of the past on the Anatolia along years in which we have used names. The names were given due to a stone or soil among using names in Anatolia. The sources, origin of historical place names are people and geography. The some place names were purification with king, queen, emperor, khan, princess, commander, vali, hero, women or man. These names were given cities or zones in order to remember a event, a legend and a epic

This article defines principles of pragmatism and text. It endeavors to elements of interpretation of text as well as relation which plays its vital role for connecting both; text and pragmatism with each other. It goes on to describe a mechanism of reading and understanding of text along with elaboration of its interaction with text. It is so because Arabic based structure and text is having multi-coloured aspects and meanings. It has several ups and downs like surface and depth, metaphor, imagery and allegory in addition to exploitation and adaption. Interpretation of text is the grass-roots of productive cognition. Because the ambiguity in word, sentence even in structure weather it is shorten or long is interpreted in addition to the interpretation of meanings of structures which are ordinarily defined and recognized through involving context and situation of context, bearing in view the original meaning; lexical meaning alongside interpretation with its significant principles and elements. However, all the description said before locates frequently infinity of text meanings.

Generic skills are defined as a set of skills that are directly related and needed for the working environment. Employers prefer to recruit officials who are competent in interpersonal communication, leadership skill, team work, oral and written skills. They are reluctant to employ graduates lacking certain necessary skills. This reveals the fact that there is a serious gap between the skills that are required by the employers and the skills that the graduates possess. Therefore, this research is focused on five aspects of generic skills namely; communication, team work, problem solving, lifelong learning and self-esteem. From Qur’anic perspective, the same terms have been used except minor differences in using various terms. The thematic approach is used when discussing these aspects from the Qur’an. The findings showed that the ways of effective communication are represented by terms of qawl sadid, qawl ma`ruf, qawl baligh, qawl maysur, qawl karim and qawl layyin. For collective work, ta`aruf and tafahum, as the pre-requisites, should be practiced via ta`awun and takaful. For problem solving, four methods are adapted from the Qur’an such as reflection of the past, observation, demonstration and asking questions. For lifelong learning, the establishment of learning institutions and the self-motivation of learners are two pre-requisites that should be undertaken for its accomplishment. They could be practiced through open learning system, consultation and hands-on learning. Last but not least, for personality development could be built up through physical training, spiritual training and mental training.

The centaral problem in stream cipher cryptograph is the the difficulty to generate a long unpredicatable sequence of binary signals from short and random key. Unpredicatable sequence are desirable in cryptography because it is impossible, given a reasonable segment of its signals and computer resources, to find out more about them. Pseudorandom bit generators have been widely used to construct these sequences. The paper presents a PN sequence generator that uses neural network. Computer simulation tests have been carried out to check the randomness of the generated through statistical tests. There tests have shown the successful PN sequence generator passes all the recommended tests. The paper also proposes and validates the data encryption and decryption process using neural network instead of using traditional methods (Exclusive or). This task increases the difficulty in the breaking the cipher.

Imam al-Maturidi, living in the region of Mavaradunnahr is the founder of the Maturidism, one of the most important theological school among the Turks. Available sources do not have much information about his life. Maturidi developed Abu Hanifa’ s teaching in to a theological school. Unfortunately Maturisim is not known as Asharism. Maturidi was educated by Muhammad b. Mukatil al-Razi, Abu Nasr al-Iyazi, Nusayr b. Yahya al-Balhi and Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Ishak al-Cuzcani and he also taught to following scholars; Abu al-Hasan al-Rustugfani, Abu al-Kasım al-Samarkandi, Pazdavi and Abu Ahmad al-Iyazf. Some of his books whiclı are available now are Ta 'wilat al-Kur 'an and Kitab al Tawhid. But it is not known if manuscription Kitab al-Makalat was written by him or not

Abstract The last decade witnessed a great evolution on the fields of computer science, artificial intelligence, communication and data transmission. This evolution draw the attention of specialists to design a modern cryptosystem for data encryption based on neural networks methodologies that are very hard, if not impossible, to be broken. This paper employs cryptography scheme utilizes the neural networks in block cipher algorithms. Taking into consideration different plaintexts block size. The block frequency test has been show the successful of ciphertexts with difficulty to break the cipher process. The application of the neural network in cryptography provides fast and high security system in block ciphering in comparison with traditional methods. The C++ language is used for designing the programs of neural network to encryption and decryption algorithms.

This article elaborates reason activities to understand and to prove a reason truth. Philosophers always endeavor to use their reasons to obtain a truth through revelation so that a rational and scientific truth can be obtained. It is within this context that to understand revelation, reason is needed to prove the truth. Based on both Muslim philosophers’ and non- philosophers’ systematical and careful thoughts, the Qur’an has allotted many contributions to the development of both science and human civilization. Kata Kunci: Aktivitas akal, kebenaran wahyu

Quantum cryptography is anew branch of physics and cryptography which exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to guarantee the secrecy of cryptographic keys. This paper introduces the basic concepts, problems and methods of quantum key distribution. It introduces some basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and explains how these physical laws can be used in cryptography. The basic protocols of quantum cryptographic used for key distribution based on entangled polarization photons pair are also presented and assessed. The well known concepts based on entangled pairs of photons (Ekert) schemes are presented. In these schemes Alice and Bob perform measurements on each photon along one of two, three or four directions given by unit vectors and (i, j = 1, 2, 3,4) respectively. Therefore the combinations are used from Alice and Bob is four, nine, or sixteen with respect to number of measurement directions (i = 2, 3 or 4) respectively. The analysis and comparative study between these versions are presented