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Coal is the main energy source in China, and the western region in China is the main coal production area. The protection and utilization of coal mine water is the major technical challenge in the coal mining. The coal green mining research team of China Energy Group has pioneered the technology of underground coal mine reservoirs, which has been widely implemented in the Shendong mining area in Western China, providing over 95% of water needed for mining and ensuring the sustainable development of the mining area. To further enrich and improve the theoretical and technical system of underground coal mine reservoirs, this technology has been promoted and applied under different geological and working conditions in the western coal mining areas to ensure national energy security and water resources protection. The research team has built the original technology experimental platform system for coal mine underground reservoirs, including the comprehensive intelligent experimental platform for underground water transport and protection, the physical modelling platform for coal mine underground reservoirs under multiple coal seams, the dam structure experimental platform for coal mine underground reservoirs, the simulation experimental platform for deep well construction in western areas, the water-rock coupling mechanism experimental platform for underground water reservoirs, the integrated water treatment process experimental platform, and the impact experimental platforms for coal mine underground reservoirs, etc. On these platforms, the researches can be carried out consisting of the transport law of underground water, the optimization of dam structure parameters, the safety and stability of reservoirs, water-rock coupling mechanism, the optimization of mine water treatment, and the impact of caving rock mass on the dam structure under different coal seam occurrence conditions in the western mining areas of China. These platform systems provide a theoretical support and technical verification for the construction, operation, and safety of coal mine underground reservoirs. By utilizing these experimental platforms, various experimental research studies have been conducted, including the stability and seepage of coal mine underground reservoirs under multiple coal seams, the structural safety of coal mine underground reservoirs dam, and the water-rock coupling mechanism of coal mine underground reservoirs. These research results have been applied in actual engineering practice to ensure the safe and stable operation of coal mine underground reservoirs.

Objective To investigate the value of U-wave inversion combined with fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiogram in predicting the prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods A total of 123 patients with ACS admitted to The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province from October 2017 to September 2019 were included. All the patients underwent PCI after electrocardiogram examination, followed by 3 months follow-up. The percentages of U-wave inversion, fQRS, and a poor prognosis were analyzed to determine the predictive value of U-wave inversion combined with fQRS for post-PCI outcome in patients with ACS. Results Among the 123 patients with ACS, the percentages of U-wave inversion, fQRS, and a poor prognosis were 39.84%, 33.33%, and 23.58%, respectively. The patients with a poor outcome showed significantly higher percentages of U-wave inversion and fQRS than those with a good outcome (χ2=20.547,26.080,P

In response to the defects of the traditional centralized economic dispatching strategy which needs to obtain global information and cannot adapt to the flexible topology of the system, and considering the coexistence of energy in the form of electricity and heat, a completely distributed cogeneration economic dispatching strategy based on the consistency algorithm is proposed. The incremental cost of electricity price and heat price of each unit in the cogeneration system is taken as the consistent variable to conduct the iterative calculation until the incremental cost converges to achieve the economic optimum of the system. In addition, the case of individual unit transmitting to neighboring units with deviating incremental cost values in order to enhance their own interests is also analyzed, and an incremental cost compensation term is designed to eliminate the impact of this selfish behavior. The simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy is effective and viable in the solution of the cogeneration economic dispatching problems.

Objective Revealing the variation behavior of P-wave velocity in fractured rock masses is of great significance for the quality grading and stability evaluation of rock masses for engineering purposes. Methods The nonfilling single fracture granite of an under ground water sealed storage cavern was taken as the research object. Based on borehole television images, hydraulic fracturing geostress tests, and ultrasonic full waveform logging, the geometric characteristics, stress state, and P-wave velocity of 384 groups of single fracture granites were obtained. An evolutionary neural network model for the prediction of the P-wave velocity of granite with a single fracture was constructed, and the variation behavior of the key indexes affecting the P-wave velocity of granite with a single fracture was analyzed. Results The study shows that the P-wave velocity of a single fracture granite in the water-sealed storage cavern is distributed around 4 300-5 330 m/s, and 82.3% of the P-wave velocity varies within 4 700-5 200 m/s. It is reasonable and feasible to select the fracture normal stress, average aperture, and dip angle as prediction indexes of the P-wave velocity of granite with a single fracture. The field test data sets are divided into training samples and test samples. The P-wave velocity prediction model of granite with a single fracture, based on the evolutionary neural network model, is constructed. The neural network weight and threshold are optimized by the genetic algorithm.The maximum test error of the prediction model is only 2.9%, and the test error of 85% of the samples is less than 1.5%.The prediction model thus yields high accuracy. Conclusion The variation feature of the P-wave velocity revealed that the P-wave velocity of granite with a single fracture increases with increasing normal stress on the fracture. However, the increase in the P-wave velocity decreases gradually when the normal stress increases to 5 MPa. The P-wave velocity decreases with an increasing fracture aperture. The P-wave velocity increases with an increasing dip angle. However, no difference occurred considering that the fracture dip angle is less than 40°.

Objective To analyze the mutation site in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily D member 1 gene (ABCD1) in the family of a patient with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), and to explore the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of X-ALD based on the patient family clinical data and related literature. Methods The clinical data and family information of a patient with X-ALD admitted to the Neurology Department of our hospital in November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature worldwide was retrieved for review and discussion. Results The main symptoms of the patient were skin blacke-ning, dizziness, headache, general discomfort, fatigue, low blood pressure, loss of appetite, and poor sleep and other symptoms associated with adrenocortical insufficiency, as well as nervous system abnormalities such as lower limb palsy. His parents, brot-her, sister, son of brother, and son of sister had no related clinical manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord showed no abnormalities. Genetic testing showed that the proband had a hemizygous mutation in ABCD1 (c.1628C>T), the mother had a heterozygous mutation in ABCD1, and the father had normal ABCD1. Conclusion There are many types of X-ALD with adrenocortical hypofunction or central nervous system abnormal symptoms. In this case, the patient shows the adrenomyeloneuropathy form of X-ALD. A mutation in the exon 6 of ABCD1 (c.1628C>T:p.P543L) is the cause of the disease. Magne-tic resonance imaging may not play a decisive role in the diagnostic of X-ALD.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant tumor with remarkable proliferative and invasive ability, which has very poor clinical prognosis due to lack of effective treatments. In recent years, researches on cells, animal models and tumor samples have promoted the identification of molecular subtypes of SCLC, discovered unique biological and clinical characteristics, and proposed potential specific therapeutic targets for different subtypes. This will encourage the development of more accurate therapeutic strategies towards SCLC, with a view to improving the prognosis of the patients. This article will review the current SCLC molecular subtypes, focus on the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies of different SCLC subtypes, and propose reasonable suggestions for the future treatment of SCLC.

BackgroundExperimental studies have shown that radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones can cause adverse effects on male reproductive health, including decreased semen quality and altered sex hormones. However, the results of epidemiological studies on the relationship between mobile phone use and male semen quality are inconsistent. Furthermore, there are few epidemiological studies on the association of mobile phone use with sex hormones.ObjectiveTo explore the associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones.MethodsA total of 2045 men visited the reproductive medicine center of a hospital in Wuhan and ordered infertility examination were recruited from December 2018 to January 2020. Information on mobile phone use was obtained using a questionnaire. Among them, 1232 and 1694 men were eligible for semen quality analyses and sex hormone analyses, respectively. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, there was no statistically significant associations of mobile phone use with sperm progressive motility, sperm total motility, sperm concentration, sperm count, or serum luteinizing hormone (P>0.05). However, serum total testosterone showed a declined tendency with increasing daily duration of mobile phone use (Ptrend=0.08). Compared with men with daily mobile phone use of 0-2 h, men with daily mobile phone use of 2.1-5, 5.1-8, and >8 h showed decreased serum total testosterone concentrations by 6.29% (95%CI: 0.40%-11.84%), 6.01% (95%CI: 0.60%-12.19%), and 7.87% (95%CI: 0.40%-14.79%), respectively.ConclusionMobile phone use is not associated with male semen quality and serum luteinizing hormone, but increasing daily duration of mobile phone use is potentially associated with a tendency to lower male serum total testosterone.

BackgroundDibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a common plasticizer in daily life and has been proved to be related to the exacerbation of allergic asthma. Domestic and foreign studies have shown that lipid peroxidation is closely related to the severity of asthma, which can be used as a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Whether DBP can induce lipid peroxidation in allergic asthma remains to be further studied.ObjectiveTo investigate whether DBP aggravates allergic asthma by inducing lipid peroxidation in allergic asthma mice.MethodsEighty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group, DBP group (40 mg·kg−1), 50 μg ovalbumin (OVA) group (allergic asthma model group), and DBP+OVA group. The DBP group and the DBP+OVA group were given DBP by gavage from Day 1 to 28, and the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA, once every 3 d, a total of 5 injections, from Day 9 to 21. From Day 29 to 35, the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group were challenged by OVA atomization. After the exposure, samples of blood and lung were collected. The airway hyperresponsiveness of mice was observed by lung function analysis. The serum contents of immunoglobulin E (IgE), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-IgE), and lung homogenate levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate airway allergic inflammation. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and collagen fiber (Masson) staining. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid ROS, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in lung homogenates were detected by ELISA to evaluate lipid peroxidation.ResultsThe results of lung function analysis showed that compared with the control group, the inspiratory resistance (Ri) and expiratory resistance (Re) of the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group were increased, and the lung compliance (Cldyn) was decreased. The DBP + OVA group was more severe, and the difference between the OVA group and the DBP + OVA group was statistically significant (P

In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the changes of important aroma components in whey wine, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community changes in whey wine. Moreover, correlation analysis was conducted between aroma components and bacterial community. The results showed that the number of flavor substances generally increased during the fermentation process of whey wine. A total of 102 volatile flavor substances were detected, with ester being the most abundant. Based on their odor activity values (OAV), 15 important aroma substances, such as ethyl benzoate, ethyl acetate and ethyl butyrate were identified in whey wine. Lactobacillus was the absolutely dominant genus at the early stage of fermentation, while Lactobacillus and Lactococcus became the absolute dominant genera as the fermentation process progressed. Bacterial function prediction showed that the major metabolic activities of whey wine were amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Correlation analysis showed that most flavor substances were positively correlated with Lactococcus and Raoultella. The genera Lactococcus and Raoultella showed a significantly positive correlation with ethyl phenyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl caproate and ethyl acetate. Lactobacillus was positively correlated with citral, caprylic acid, decanoic acid, 4-ethylphenol, ethyl heptanoate, methyl decanoate and ethyl oleate. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of starter cultures for and the flavor control of whey wine.

In order to maintain the stability of the transmitter to ensure the quality of the output signal, we propose a novel technique of automatic bias control based on the pilot signal that can be used in high-order modulation formats. The proposed scheme requires loading a pair of orthogonal pilot signals to the modulator and tapping the frequency-shifted local oscillation light with the signal light output from the modulator to achieve coherent detection. The control of the bias voltage is achieved by means of correlation operation and monitoring the value of the correlation coefficient. This scheme combines coherent detection and correlation detection techniques, which can effectively improve the sensitivity and control accuracy of the system. The feasibility of this scheme in high-order modulation systems and the improvement of sensitivity are also fully verified by simulation.

Objective To investigate the expression and its significance of miR-21 and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) protein in skin lesions of Xinjiang Uygur patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods The expressions of miR-21 were measured with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in the 15 psoriatic vulgaris lesions and beside-lesional tissue as well as 15 normal skin samples collected from patients in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2019. The expressions of Bcl-2 were measured with immunohistochemical method in the 51 Uygur patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 29 Uygur normal control. The positive mainly as brown or tan particles in cytoplasm. miR-21 mimics and inhibitors were transient transfected into HaCaT cells. The expression of Bcl-2 protein in transfected cells was detected by Western blot. Results With real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, the expression of miR-21 was higher in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris than in the beside-lesional tissue(P＜0.01) and normal skin tissue(P＜0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression of Bcl-2 protein was located in the cytoplasm and membrane. The expression rate of psoriasis vulgaris was 35.29%, which was lower than that of normal skin tissue(93.10%)(P＜0.01).The expression of Bcl-2 protein in HaCaT cells transfected with miR-21 mimic and miR-21 inhibitor was detected. With overexpressing miR-21, the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. With inhibiting miR-21 expression, the Bcl-2 expression was increased(P＜0.01). Conclusions Abnormal expression of miR-21 and Bcl-2 protein in the skin of Xinjiang Uygur patients with psoriasis vulgaris may be involved in the potential mechanism.

Incremental learning has achieved good results in image classification,but it is challenging to apply incremental learning to multi-class object detection.Object detection is more complex than image classification,which combines classification and border regression.At present,the most advanced incremental object detectors adopt the external fixed region suggestion method based on knowledge distillation,which consumes a lot of time and cost.For single-stage detectors,due to the lack of annotation and region advice information for the old class,old objects are usually identified by the detector as the background,resulting in catastrophic forgetting.In this paper,a label selection algorithm based on border distance metric is proposed.It uses the detection results of the old model and the existing dataset labels to select and merge by measuring the coincidence of the bounding boxes,making up for the lack of annotations of the old objects in the new dataset and alleviating catastrophic forgetting.In addition,a module that combines the attention module with the residual module is designed to extract discriminative features at different depths in feature extraction network,to further improve the detection accuracy of model.The proposed method is implemented in the single-stage detection framework,and the effectiveness of the method is verified on PASCAL VOC dataset.Compared with the best model at present,the average accuracy value of the old object and all objects improves by 2.8% and 2.1%,respectively.The pseudo-labels obtained by the proposed method greatly alleviate the forgetting problem,and the attention residual module improves the detection accuracy of the model.

Aiming at the corrosion and abrasion of the inner wall of the steam pipes caused by the piston wear under the high temperature of 150 ℃, based on the solvent-free epoxy resin system, a temperature-resistant and wear-resistant epoxy coating applicable to the inner wall of steam pipes with good comprehensive performance was developed through the selection of filler, additives, and the design of formula. The coating adopted a resin system modified by blending E-031 alicyclic epoxy resin and J-129 phenolic epoxy resin, and selected PTFE as the lubricating filler. Moreover, the effect of its different particle size and dosage on the wear resistance of the coating was researched, and it could be found that the wear resistance of the coating was better when the amount of PTFE powder with a particle size of 2 μm was 7%(mass fraction, the same below). Meanwhile, through the screening of silane coupling agent and the research of performance, the optimal dosage of KH-560 was determined as 1.5%, and finally a solvent-free, temperature-resistant and wear-resistant epoxy coating with good comprehensive performance meeting the use requirements was prepared.

For the SAT solver,most popular branch variable decision-making strategies are based on the variable activity evaluation of conflict.The unassigned variable with the maximum activity is selected as the decision variable,and the most recent conflict is solved first.However,they all ignore the impact of the number of clauses containing decision variables on the Boolean constraint propagation (BCP).To solve this problem,this paper proposes a branch variable decision strategy (VDALCD) based on the learning clause deletion strategy,which reduces the activity of variables in the deleted clause when the clause is deleting.Based on the VDALCD strategy,Glucose4.1 and MapleLCMDistChronoBT-DL-v2.1 are improved to solvers Glucose4.1_VDALCD and Maple-DL_VDALCD.This paper uses 2018 and 2019 SAT international competition questions as benchmark test cases to compare the improved version with the original version of the solver.The experimental results show that Gluose4.1_VDALCD finds out 26 more examples than Gluose4.1,an increase of 15.5% in the 2018 example test.In the 2019 example test,Maple-DL_VDALCD finds out 17 more examples than MapleLCMDistChronoBT-DL-v2.1,an increase of 7.6%.

Aiming at the problem of traffic data distribution shift caused by new unknown attacks in the industrial Internet, a malicious traffic identification method based on neighborhood filtering and stable learning was proposed to enhance the effectiveness and robustness of the existing graph neural network model in identifying known malicious traffic. Firstly, the graph structure of the traffic data was modeled to capture the topological relationship and interaction mode in communication behavior. Secondly, the traffic subgraph was divided based on the neighborhood filtering mechanism of biased sampling to eliminate the pseudo-homogeneity between communication behaviors. Finally, the statistical independence of high-dimensional traffic features was realized by applying graph representation learning and stable learning strategies, combined with adaptive sample weighting and collaborative loss optimization methods. The experimental results on two benchmark datasets show that compared with the baseline method, the recognition performance of the proposed method is increased by more than 2.7% in the new unknown attack scenario, which shows its high efficiency and practicability in the industrial Internet environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the related factors of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and lacunes in the patients with hypertension, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of cerebral small vessel disease. Methods: A total of 1 070 patients with essential hypertension without stroke history were enrolled, and the data was analyzed retrospectively. All patients received MRI scanning and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. According to MRI images, they were divided into normal control, EPVS and lacunes groups, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed among three groups to determine the factors related to EPVS and lacunes. Results: The indexes including age, gender, smoking, diabetes history, antiplatelet drugs, statins, hypertension duration, nocturnal blood pressure dip degree, mean systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, urea nitrogen, creatinine, homocysteine and carotid plaque were significantly different among EPVS, lacunes and controls groups. Mean high systolic blood pressure and age were independent risk factors for EPVS, while the dipping degree of blood pressure, antiplatelet medicines and statins were independent protective factors for it. High mean systolic blood pressure, old age, smoking, and diabetes were independent risk factors for lacunes, while the dipping degree of nocturnal blood pressure, antiplatelet medicines and statins were independent protective factors for lacunes. Conclusions: For the patients with hypertension, the increase of mean systolic blood pressure and the decrease of nocturnal blood pressure dipping are the risk factors for EPVS and lacunes. Besides controlling mean systolic blood pressure level, the patients with hypertension should also receive chronotherapy to restore the normal nocturnal blood pressure dipping through changing the time of taking medicine.

Aiming at the problem of how edge computing and Content Delivery Network (CDN) edge nodes implementing the resource coordination, the technology and method of CDN cache software adapting to virtual machines and containers are proposed. By comparing and analyzing the performance test data of CDN in three deployment modes of physical machine, container and virtual machine, the performance loss caused by CDN virtualization is evaluated. The performance loss of the container mode is small, and its performance is comparable to the physical machine. The performance loss of the virtual machine mode is large, and its performance is equivalent to about 75%of the physical machine. According to the nominal value of performance, the virtualized CDN edge node can release most of the central processing unit, memory and disk resources, and achieve resource sharing with edge computing.

In order to study the meshing stiffness of variable hyperbolic arc gear， the tooth surface equation of variable hyperbolic arc gear is obtained according to the forming principle， and its accurate three-dimensional model is established. Based on the theory of contact finite element analysis， the calculation method of meshing stiffness is studied. Using the finite element software， a pair of gear finite element model is constructed. The comprehensive elastic deformation of the tooth surface is extracted， and the normal contact force of the tooth surface is calculated by the torque formula. The single tooth mesh stiffness and the double tooth comprehensive mesh stiffness are calculated， which the results show that the stiffness curve of single tooth mesh increases first and then decreases with the increase of driving wheel angle. Then， the influence of different loads on the meshing stiffness curve is analyzed. The results show that the peak value of the stiffness curve increases with the increase of the load， and the load has more obvious influence on the peak value of the comprehensive meshing stiffness curve of the double teeth. At last， the influence of different tooth radius on the meshing stiffness curve is analyzed. The results reveal that the peak stiffness curve decreases with the increase of tooth radius， and the stiffness difference between the meshing area of single and double teeth decreases.

Based on the tooth surface equation of the Variable hyperbolic circular-arc-tooth-trace （VH-CATT）， the gear meshing principle is used to analyze the tooth surface contact during the meshing process， the positions distribution of the VH-CATT meshing point during meshing process of the concave and convex tooth surface is obtained. According to the principles of gear geometry， the formulas for calculating the important parameters of EHL such as the principal curvatures and entrainment velocity of the VH-CATT meshing point during meshing process of the concave and convex tooth surface is obtained. The Downson-Higginson minimum film thickness model is used to analyze the minimum film thickness of EHL in the VH-CATT meshing process， and the variation rules of EHL minimum film thickness in the meshing process of gear pairs with different gear design parameters are obtained. Theoretical analysis shows that the lubrication condition between the dedendum of driver gear （the concave tooth surface） and the addendum of driven gear （the convex tooth surface） of VH-CATT is the worst， where the wear failure of tooth surface is most likely to occur. When the input load increases， the minimum film thickness decreases slightly， and the gear is provided with the characteristics of impact load resistance. With the increase of pressure angle， the minimum film thickness increases so that the lubricity and bearing capacity are improved. When the tooth trace radius becomes longer， the minimum film thickness decreases slightly， selecting a reasonable cutter head radius to process the gear can improve the lubricity. The results provide a theoretical basis for the lubrication design and wear calculation of VH-CATT.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, endoscope diagnosis, and treatment of cases of colorectal foreign bodies. Methods A retrospective analysis of colorectal foreign body cases admitted to the Digestive Endoscope Center from June 2005 to September 2018 were completed. The information of gender, age, source and location of foreign bodies, complications, and methods of removal was collected so that characteristics and management experience were summarized. Results A total of 14 cases of colorectal foreign bodies were included, among which there were 10 males (71%) with an average age of 49 years old (21-80 years old). The origin of foreign body included iatrogenic (5 cases), oral (3 cases), anal (5 cases) and one case of unknown reason. As to the position of foreign bodies, iatrogenic and oral foreign bodies might distribute in the whole colon, while anal foreign bodies located in sigmoid-rectum mainly. In total 6 cases suffered from foreign body-related complications, including mucosal injury (1 case), intestinal wall injury (2 cases), intestinal obstruction (2 cases) and liver abscess (1 case). We attempted to remove foreign bodies under endoscopy in 12 cases, with success in 11 cases; the instruments used were foreign body forceps (7 cases) and snares (5 cases). The main reason of failure was big size of foreign bodies. Conclusions The distribution of colorectal foreign bodies is related to its origin; colorectal foreign bodies may cause colonic mucosal injury, intestinal obstruction or intestinal perforation, and even severe peritoneal infection; when attempting to remove colorectal foreign body under endoscope, foreign body forceps and snares can be used. After the foreign body's removal, it is necessary to be alert of the colon perforation.

Longmen - Congyi area is one of the bauxite met allogenic belts in Hen an Province. Based on chemical test of the main compositions of Corigyi bauxite deposit, the paper analyzes the change rule of elements in the bauxite deposit. The results show that the major mineral compositions of bauxite ore is di aspo re (45%-95%), followed by kaolinite and illite (4%-25%), with a small amount of siderite, pyrite, calcite and dolomite, and trace minerals such as zircon and apatite. The main chemical compositions of bauxite ore are Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 and S, accounting for 83.42% of the total, among which the Al2O3 content is 40.46% -77.59%, averagely 60.68%, SiO2 1.00%-29:54%, averagely 14.07%, with the aluminum-silicon ratio (A/S) of 1.8-65.1, averagely 4.3. Under different burial depth conditions, the larger the relative depth is, the larger the Al2O3 content and A/S ratio are. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) of the area is up to 91.16, indicating that the aluminum-bean ng rock senes in the area has undergone intense chemical weathering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective The therapeutic effect and side effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were still disputing issues when applied to resectable IIIa stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The retrospective analysis was aimed to investigate the short-term efficacy and postoperative complications in resectable IIIa NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods According to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 370 patients with clinical diagnosis of IIIa NSCLC were selected from our hospital between January 2011 and October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. According to treatment method, group A (preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery group) contained 97 cases, and 273 patients were included in group B (direct surgery without neoadjuvant treatment group). The clinical data, surgical approach, main postoperative complications and disease-free survival (DFS) among patients in two groups were recorded. Results The total down-staging in group A was 65.98% (64/97), the R0 resection in group A and group B were 96.91% (94/97) and 90.48% (247/273), respectively. The operation time, bleeding, postoperative hospitalization were no statistical difference (P>0.05), and the main postoperative complications of the patients in two groups were 76.29% (74/97) and 72.52% (198/273) (P>0.05). All patients followed-up for 2 months-36 months, the median follow-up time was 12.7 months, the total recurrence and metastasis rates were 63.92% (62/97) and 94.87% (259/273) (P

With the development of value realization mechanism of ecological products, the quaternary industry of ecological products supply and value realization is merging. It is expected to become a new driving force for high-quality economic development and a new mode of eco-civilization construction. Based on the classification of ecological products and the value accounting system of ecological products, this paper preliminarily formed the indicators system of the quaternary industry of ecological products in China from five dimensions including: industrial scale, industrial change, industrial structure, the extent of ecological products value realization and industrial relevance. Based on GEP accounting results, the development situation of the quaternary industry of ecological products in China was preliminary assessed and analyzed. The results showed that: ➀ In terms of industrial scale, the production of the quaternary industry of ecological products in 2019 was 92 trillion yuan, with an average five-year growth rate of 6.9%, which was basically equal to the GDP growth rate during the same time span. ➁ In terms of industrial structure, the ratio of China's ecological product supply service (EPV), regulating service (ERV) and cultural service (ECV) was 18:65:17 in 2019. Compared with the year of 2015, the proportion of primary ecological products increased by 5%, and the degree of marketization of ecological products also increased. From the perspective of ecosystem, wetland and forest ecosystems were the largest suppliers of ecological products, contributing 55% and 11% of the total output value respectively. ➂ In terms of the realization degree of ecological products value, China's average Green Gold Index was 0.96, and the primary productivity of ecological products was on the rise. ➃ In terms of industrial relevance, the degree of geographic spatial agglomeration of the quaternary industry of ecological products was increasing, and the spatial distribution was uneven. The per-capita GEP was relatively high in the western region, while the unit area of GEP in the eastern region was relatively high. However, the quaternary industry of ecological products is in the early stage of formation, and the theory and practice still need to be explored. It is suggested that we should further clarify the boundaries of the quaternary industry of ecological products, standardize the industrial classification system, improve the development index system, and integrate with the national economic accounting system, which is vital to improve the statistical investigation system of this industry, evaluating the development performance, and scientifically standardizing the collection of industrial data, so as to promote the healthy development of the quaternary industry of ecological products and the construction of ecological civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil samples were collected from paddy ecosystem under five long-term fertilization treat¬ments, including control without fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilization alone (NPK), rice residue combined with NPK ( NPKS), 0% manure plus 70% chemical fertilizer ( LOM ), and 60% manure plus 0% chemical fertilizer ( HOM ) in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province. The cha¬racteristics of amino sugars accumulation in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils at rice tillering stage were analyzed. Results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, total amino sugars and three amino monosaccharides ( muramic acid, glucosamine and galactosamine ) with long-term application of organic materials ( rice residue or manure) were significantly higher compared with CK and NPK. The inconsistent accumulation trends of the three amino monosaccharides under different fertilization treatments indicated that different responses of microbial groups to various ferti- lization treatments. The content of total amino sugars was not significantly different between the rhizosphere soil and the non-rhizosphere soil, probably because the agricultural operations such as plowing could homogenize paddy soils. The contribution of amino sugar derived carbon to soil organic carbon ranged from .0 to 8. mg • g-1 which was highest in NPKS, and lowest in HOM and CK. The ratio of fungal to bacterial residues (fungal glucosamine/muramic acid) ranged from . to 6.6, indicating that fungi dominated the degradation and transformation of organic matter in all the soils. Compared with that under NPK and CK, the participation of organic matter transformation from fungi under NPKS treatment was increased, whereas the bacteria involved in organic matter transformation under HOM treatment was enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microbial communities play an important role in driving a variety of ecosystem functions and ecological processes and are the primary driving force in maintaining the biogeochemical cycle. It has been observed that soil microbial diversity decreases with land use intensification and climate change in the global background. It is essential to investigate whether the reduction in soil microbial diversity can affect soil multifunctionality. Thus, in this study, the dilution-to-extinction method was used to construct the gradient of soil microbial diversity, combined with high-throughput sequencing to explore the impact of the reduction in bacterial, fungal, and protist diversity on soil multifunctionality. The results showed that the soil microbial alpha diversity (richness and Shannon index) was significantly lower than that of the original soil. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the microbial community structure of original soil was significantly different from that of diluted soil, and the response of bacterial and fungal communities to diluted soil was higher than that of protists. The regression model showed that there was a significant negative linear relationship between the average response value of soil multi-function and the index of microbial diversity, indicating that the change in soil microbial community was the key factor in regulating soil multifunctionality. The regression model showed that there was a significant negative linear relationship between soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity, indicating that the change in soil microbial community was the key factor to regulate soil multi-kinetic energy. Through the aggregated boosted tree analysis (ABT) and regression model, we found that some specific microbial groups, such as the Solacocozyma and Holtermaniella of fungi and Rudaea of bacteria, could significantly promote the change in soil multifunctionality, which showed that key microbial taxa play an indicative role in biological processes. Furthermore, the structural equation model revealed that bacteria could affect soil multifunctionality through the interaction between microbiomes, which was the key biological factor driving the change in soil multifunctionality. This study provided experimental evidence for the impact of soil microbial diversity on soil multifunctionality, and promoted the notion that maintaining a certain diversity of soil microbial community in a single agricultural ecosystem, especially the diversity of key microbial taxa, is of great significance to the sustainable development of ecosystem function in the future.

Objective: To observe the effects of drug-containing serum of Xijiao Dihuang combined prescription(XJDH) on the related functions of dendritic cells(DCs) induced in vitro, and to explore the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of XJDH treatment on primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)., Methods: Peripheral blood samples were colle-ted from 6 healthy volunteers. Mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, and CD14 + mononuclear cells were collected by the magnetic separation technique. CD14+ mononuclear cells were induced into immature DCs by recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin 4 (IL-4). Immature DCs were divided into three groups: control group, model group and XJDH group. CCK-8 assay was used to determine the intervention concentration and time of drug-containing serum. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) with the final concentration of 1 μg/ml was added to model group and XJDH group respectively for 24 h to induce DCs maturation. Normal rat serum was added to control group and model group, and XJDH was added to XJDH group for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of CD80, CD83 and HLA-DR on the surface of DCs. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB, and levels of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in cell supernatant was detected by ELISA., Results: Compared with the control group, LPS stimulation increased the expression of CD80, CD83 and HLA-DR, with subsequent increasing expression of TLR4 and NF-κB, as well as IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α increased(P<0.05). In comparison with model group, the expression of DCs surface molecules CD80, CD83 and HLA-DR, DCs' expression of TLR4 and NF-κB protein, and the levels of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant of XJDH group decreased after the intervention of XJDH (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Drug containing serum of Xijiao Dihuang combined prescription can down-regulate TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway related protein expression, inhibit DCs maturation, and reduce proinflammatory factor secretion, which may be one of the mechanisms of drug-containing serum of Xijiao Dihuang combined prescription in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia.

Objective To investigate the role of miR-100-5p in the pathogenesis of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH). Methods The miRNA expression in patients with NONFH was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, the high expression of miR-100-5p in femoral head tissues of the patients determined. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were cultured and divided into 5 groups: blank control group, dexamethasone treatment group (treated with dexamethasone for 3 days), miR-NC group (transfected with miR-NC), agomiR-100-5p group (overexpression of miR-100-5p), and antagomiR-100-5p group (transfected with miR-100-5p antagonist). The mRNA expression levels of miR-100-5p, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-associated transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and collagen type I (Col1) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein expressions of ALP, RUNX2, Col1, and bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) were detected by Western blotting. The effect of miR-100-5p on the migration ability of rBMSCs was evaluated by scratch healing assay. And the effect of miR-100-5p on osteogenic differentiation ability of rBMSCs was investigated by alizarin red staining. Results miR-100-5p was significantly upregulated in the femoral head bone tissue of NONFH patients compared with normal femoral head bone tissue. Compared with those in the normal rBMSCs, the expression of miR-100-5p in rBMSCs treated with 20 μmol/L of dexamethasone was up-regulated. The upregulation of miR-100-5p in rBMSCs reduced the expressions of ALP, RUNX2, Col1, and BMPR2, and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation and migration abilities of rBMSCs. Conclusion The expression of miR-100-5p is elevated in bone tissues of NONFH patients and in rBMSCs treated with 20 μmol/L of dexamethasone. The up-regulated miR-100-5p may be involved in the pathogenesis of NONFH by inhibiting the migration and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance and expression of periostin in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP） . Method: In this study, we collected 30 CRSwNP patients' nasal polyps（NPs） and 18 control subjects' normal nasal mucosa of uncinate process. The expressions of periostin and IL-5 were examined using immunohistochemistric staining, immunostaining and /or quantitative RT-PCR and the eosinophil infiltration were evaluated as well. Result: Periostin was mainly expressed in the subdermal area of nasal mucosa. The number of periostin positive cells in nasal polyps was significantly higher than that in normal control group（ P <0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of periostin in NPs were significantly higher than that of the control nasal mucosa（all P <0.01）. The expression of priostin mRNA were positively correlated with IL-5 expression in NPs（ r =0.731 5, P <0.01）. Conclusion: Our findings indicate periostin may participate in the formation of nasal polyps by means of chemostaxis and activation of eosinophils., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective To investigate the effect of progranulin (PGRN) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. Methods PGRN-knockout (PGRN -/- ) and wild-type mice were ovariectomized to induce postmenopausal osteoporosis models. Next, the bone tissues in all mice were scanned by Micro-CT and three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to detect the micro-structure, followed by trabecula data analysis. The morphology and osteoclasts in the bone tissues of PGRN -/- and wild-type mice were observed by HE staining and TRAP staining, respectively. The expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and P65 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of TRAP mRNA in the mice was measured using fluorescence quantitative PCR and the protein expression of MMP9, MMP14, P65 was detected by Western blot analysis. Results Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in the PGRN -/- group were significantly higher than those in the wild-type group, while the trabecular separation (Tb.S) in the PGRN -/- group was in the contrary. The degree of osteoporosis was less severe and number of osteoclasts in the PGRN -/- mice were reduced, likewise, RANKL, TNF-α, MMP9, MMP14 and P65 as well as TRAP mRNA were down-regulated in the PGRN -/- group compared with the wild-type group. Conclusion PGRN aggravates the postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice.

Available carbon is the most active part of the soil carbon pool. It is also the main carbon source of soil microbes and plays an important role in the processes of soil organic carbon mineralization and accumulation. However, the mechanisms are still not clear how soil organic carbon mineralization and its priming effect (PE) are affected by different input levels of readily available carbon, based on the growth requirements of microbes in paddy soil. In this study, an incubation experiment was conducted by adding different levels (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 times of MBC) of exogenous source organic carbon ( 13 C-glucose) to the soil. The mineralization dynamics of labile organic carbon and its priming effect was investigated. The mineralization rate of glucose-C increased significantly with the increasing carbon loading level. The distribution of glucose-C into rapid and slow C pools was also exponentially correlated with the carbon loading ( R 2 =0.99, P <0.05 and R 2 =0.99, P <0.05, respectively). Negative PE was observed at high carbon loading (3×MBC and 5×MBC); while positive PE was induced by low carbon loading (0.5×MBC and 1×MBC). The cumulative PE was 160.0 mg·kg -1 and 325.1 mg·kg -1 , respectively, at the end of the incubation. Redundancy analysis showed that the main factors affecting the cumulative PE were MBC, MBN, and DOC at the initial glucose mineralization stage, while β -glucosidase, chitinase, and ammonium nitrogen were the main factors at later stages. Therefore, the readily available carbon loading has an important effect on the organic carbon mineralization and PE in paddy soil. Higher carbon loading was good for the accumulation of organic carbon sequestration in paddy soil. This study is of great scientific significance for revealing the activity of organic carbon in paddy fields and for its contribution to the development of sustainable agriculture.

Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples under different long-term fertilization treatments including control without fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilization alone (NPK), rice residues combined with NPK (NPKS), 30% manure plus 70% chemical fertilizers (LOM), and 60% manure plus 40% chemical fertilizers (HOM) were collected from a paddy field in a red soil hilly area in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. The characteristics of microbial carbon utilization in the soils were studied. Results of 18 O-H 2 O tracer analysis showed that both soil microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) and microbial growth rate ( C Growth ) were highest in the HOM treatment, whereas they were lowest in CK. In the rhizosphere soil, the highest basal respiration was observed in HOM, and the lowest values were in CK and NPK. Microbial carbon utilization efficiency (CUE) was highest in NPK but lowest in the LOM and HOM treatments. In non-rhizosphere soil, no significant differences between basal respiration and CUE were observed among the fertilization treatments. Results from MicroResp TM showed that the ability of microorganisms to metabolize exogenous carbon sources was higher in non-rhizosphere soil than in rhizosphere soil. The application of organic materials (rice residues or manure) increased the microbial metabolic rate of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates in the order carboxylic acids > amino acids and carbohydrates > complex compounds. Redundancy analysis of the microbial metabolism patterns of various carbon substrates showed that:① CK was well separated from the fertilization treatments; ② NPK was grouped with NPKS, whereas LOM and HOM were grouped together and were separate from NPK and NPKS. This indicates that the fertilization treatments changed the microbial carbon metabolism patterns. The above-mentioned results indicated that the fertilization treatments did not affect microbial CUE and basal respiration. However, exogenous carbon source input (such as root exudates) and the application of organic materials can increase microbial basal respiration, and thus, reduce microbial CUE.

Chinese herbal medicines( CHMs) are a class of preparations made from natural plants that pose health beneficial properties as well as illness prevention functions. Thanks to a panel of salutary features,such as comprehensive immunological enhancement and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria,negligible side-effects,inappreciable drug-resistance,CHMs have been taken as one of the costeffective candidates for antibiotics substitutions. Through probiotics fermentation,the enzymatic hydrolysis of matrixes of CHMs enables easier release of the active ingredient as well as endows less toxicity of the preparations derived. During fermentation,the macromolecule or polymers forms of the active ingredient can be cut down to smaller molecule,which favors the transmembrane transport and improve adsorption of the active ingredients by the tissues. Other than the enzymatic benefits,probiotics can produce metabolites that inhibit pathogenic bacteria propagation,which may function synergically with the inhibitory effects of the CHMs preparations to fight the target pathogens. In addition,the oligosaccharide like components of CHMs can promote the growth of probiotics in intestinal environment which may largely facilitate the gut health. To summarize,the fermentation of CHMs using probiotics brings about the biochemical reactions and elevates the health beneficial effects by synergy of the microbial and herbal activities. It has been proved to be one of promising approaches as to antibiotic substitutions,particularly in livestock and poultry breeding industries. This review covered the recent progress of CHMs fermentation on the aspects of microbial strains,patterns of fermentation and active substances from fermentation of CHMs and their potency,respectively.

The turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the activity of soil microbes can be influenced by exogenous carbon. However, microbial response characteristics of the transformation and distribution of available organic carbon under different levels remain unclear in paddy soils. 13 C-labeled glucose was used as a typical available exogenous carbon to simulate indoor culture experiments added at different levels of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (0×MBC, 0.5×MBC, 1×MBC, 3×MBC, and 5×MBC) to reveal the process of C-transformation and distribution. The characteristics of microbial response in the process of exogenous carbon turnover was also monitored. The 96-well microplate fluorescence analysis was adopted to determine the activities of cellobiose hydrolase (CBH) and β -glucosidase ( β -Glu). The results showed that, in 2 d of incubation, the ratio of labeled glucose carbon to dissolved organic carbon ( 13 C-DOC/DOC) or to SOC ( 13 C-SOC/SOC) was positively correlated with the amount of glucose added. The incorporation of glucose C ( 13 C) into MBC reached the highest value (18.96 mg·kg -1 ) at 3×MBC treatment but decreased thereafter. The 13 C allocation rate was mainly positively correlated with MBC, Olsen-P, and DOC. At 60 d, 13 C-DOC, 13 C-MBC, and 13 C-SOC decreased significantly to less than 0.02 mg·kg -1 , 2 mg·kg -1 , and 10 mg·kg -1 in soil, and it was positively correlated with the amount of glucose added. Compared with CK, CBH enzyme activity increased significantly after the addition of glucose, and for the 3×MBC treatment it was increased by 22.6 times, which was significantly higher than those of other treatments ( P <0.05). However, β -Glu enzyme activity increased only in the 3×MBC and 5×MBC treatments, wherein it decreased with increasing amounts of added glucose. NH 4 + -N, pH, β -Glu, and CBH were the primary factors affecting the distribution rate of 13 C. In conclusion, the conversion of exogenous carbon to SOC increased with increased amounts of added organic carbon. This changed the activity of soil enzymes; however, microbial utilization of exogenous carbon may have a saturation threshold. Within the saturation threshold, the conversion rate of organic matter was directly proportional to the amount of added organic matter. When the saturation threshold was exceeded, the conversion rate of organic matter decreased. Therefore, the appropriate addition of exogenous carbon is beneficial, as it can increase SOC in rice fields and improve the quality of the crop growth environment.

To screen the active fractions with lithagogue effects of Pyrrosia lingua from Guizhou province and preliminarily investigate its mechanism. The rats were fed with 1% ethylene glycol and 2% ammonium chloride to establish the nephrolithiasis models, which were used to evaluate thelithagogue effects of different polar fractions of P. lingua from Guizhou province. The level of urinary calcium and oxalic acid in urine, renal calcium, oxalic acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissues,as well as crystalline deposit and lithogenesis in renal tissues and the levels of creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the serum were detected. The effective compounds were inferred from the analysis of active fractions extract based on LC-MS technology. Petroleum ether fraction and dichloromethane fraction of P. lingua from Guizhou province can reduce renal oxalic acid and renal calcium concentration, increase urinary oxalic acid and urine calcium, with significant inhibitory effect on the formation of renal calculus in rats, significantly increase SOD and CAT activities in renal tissues, and significantly reduce MDA levels. LC-MS analysis showed that the caffeine, citric acid and tartaric acid among the compounds from petroleum ether fraction and dichloromethane fraction had lithagogue effects. Both the petroleum ether fraction and dichloromethane fraction of P. lingua from Guizhou province showed good effect on prevention and treatment of calculus in middle dose groups, and the mechanism may be associated with antioxidation, reducing calcium oxalate crystal deposition, and promoting calcium oxalatecrystal release, in addition, caffeine, citric acid and tartaric acid had lithagogue effects., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Food-borne parasitic diseases have become a public health problem for social economy and health care. In this paper, the epidemic situation of major food-borne parasitic diseases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, such as toxoplasmosis and clonorchiasis, are reviewed, and the countermeasures of prevention and control are put forward.

To investigate the metabolism of quercitrin in rat intestinal flora and possible biological pathways, laying the foundation for the metabolic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine glycosides ingredients. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was established to detect the quercitrin and its metabolites with 0.1% formic acid solution(A)-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile(B) as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL•min⁻¹. Electrospray negative ion mode was applied to analyze the metabolites of quercitrin in rat intestinal flora. Metabolite ToolsTM, mass defect filter(MDF) and other technologies were used to screen, analyze the metabolites and infer the chemical formula of the metabolites. The results showed that quercitrin would have degalactoside, deoxygenation and acetylation reactions, and the aglycone quercetin resulted from degalactoside would have further reactions such as hydroxylation, deoxygenation, reduction, and ring opening to achieve deoxygenation metabolite kaempferol, C2-C3 double bonds hydrogenation and reduction product taxifolin, and degalactoside product quercetin. The research results showed that quercitrin can be metabolized by rat intestinal flora, which could increase their hydrophobicity and chemical diversity., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Vegetation water content is an important indicator of vegetal state, and a vital parameter of studying agriculture, ecological and hydrological. The diagnosis of vegetation water content has great significance for forest fire forecast and natural vegetation drought condition monitoring. The correlation analysis of the vegetation spectral reflectance and vegetation water content shows that the relativity between the spectral reflectance of different wavelengths and the vegetation water content varies considerably. The spectral reflectance of red band of visible light (620～700 nm) and the near-infrared band(800～1 350, 1 600～1 950, 2 200～2 400 nm) had a higher correlation with the vegetation water content. The slope angle indexes were used as parameters for estimating the vegetation water content based on analyzing the relation between the slope angle indexes and vegetation water content. An evaluation model of vegetation water content was set up by utilizing statistical linear regression model method. The band of 660, 850, 1 630, 2 200 nm were selected as RED, NIR, SWIR1 and SWIR2 band value of the slope angle index based on the analysis of the correlation between spectral reflectance and vegetation water content. A large amount of vegetation spectral information and vegetation water content were collected in the study area(the upstream of Minjiang River), and the linear regression model of the slope angle index (SANI, SASI, ANIR) and vegetation water content (FMC) was build. The linear regression model of ANIR and FMC has the highest of linear fitting and the linearity is up to 0.791. The near infrared angle index(ANIR)was improved on the basis of the analysis the linear regression results of angle slope vegetation index and water content. Near infrared angle normalized index (NANI) and near infrared angle slope index (NASI) were defined, and the linear regression model was established. Compared with the slope angle index (SANI, SASI, ANIR) which were proposed by Palacios-Orueta, NANI had more advantages in the vegetation water content inversion in the study area. The determination coefficient (R2) of the inversion model increased from 0.791 to 0.853, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) reduced from 0.047 to 0.039. Angle slope index had higher linear fitting and estimation accuracy by improving the angle of slope index. NANI and FMC linear regression model was established to estimate the vegetation water content in the study area. In this paper, the main innovation point is that the slope angle index NANI and NASI has been proposed on the basis of predecessors’ research results, and the improved angle slope index has higher linear fitting and estimation accuracy compared with SANI, SASI, ANIR.

Objective: To develop a sensitive and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS / MS) method for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid, kaempferol biotin glucoside and quercitrin in rat plasma, and study their pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats., Methods: Three compounds were simultaneously determined by UPLC-MS / MS on Waters BEH C18( 50 mm × 2. 1 mm,1. 7 μm) column. The mobile phase was 0. 1% acetonitrile formic acid and0. 1% aqueous formic acid, and programmed in a linear gradient mode. The compounds were ionized in the electrospray ionization ion source of the mass spectrometer and detected in MRM mode., Results: The t1 /2of protocatechuic acid,kaempferol biotin glucoside and quercitrin after intravenous injection were( 41. 9 ± 12. 3),( 71. 3 ± 56. 8) and( 90. 3 ± 74. 8) min. The Cmaxwere( 1. 7 ± 0. 7) μg / m L,( 2. 1 ± 0. 9) μg/m L,( 8. 7 ± 3. 7) μg/m L., Conclusion: The established method is specific,rapid,accurate and sensitive,and is proved to meet the requirements of biological sample analyses,and is suitable for the concentration determination of protocatechuic acid, kaempferol biotin glucoside and quercitrin in rat plasma, three compounds are all best fitted to the two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the most important indexes to reflect the soil fertility, and soil moisture is a main factor to limit the application of hyperspectral technology in monitoring soil attributes. To study the effect of soil moisture on the accuracy for monitoring SOM with hyperspectral remote sensing and monitor the SOM quickly and accurately, SOM, soil water content (SWC) and soil spectrum for 151 natural soil samples in winter wheat field were measured and the soil samples were classified with the method of traditional classification of SWC and Normalized Difference Soil Moisture Index (NSMI) based on the hyperspectral technology. Moreover, the relationship among SWC, SOM and NSMI were analyzed. The results showed that the accuracy of spectral monitor for SOM among the classifications were significantly different, its accuracy was higher than the soils (5%-25%) which was not classified. It indicated that the soil moisture affected the accuracy for monitoring the SOM with hyperspectral technology and the study proved that the most beneficent soil water content for monitoring the SOM was less 10% and higher 20%. On the other hand, the four models for monitoring the SOM by the hyperspectral were constructed by the classification of NSMI, and its accuracy was higher than the classification of SWC. The models for monitoring the SOM by the classification of NSMI were calibrated with the validation parameters of R², RMSE and RPD, and it showed that the four models were available and reliable to quickly and conveniently monitor the SOM by heperspectral. However, the different classifiable ways for soil samples mentioned in the study were naturally similar as all soil samples were classified again with another way. Namely, there may be another optimal classifiable way or method to overcome and eliminate the SWC effect on the accuracy for monitoring SOM. The study will provide some theoretical technology to monitor the SWC and SOM by remote sensing.

A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was used to determinate the main active fractions gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin, hyperoside and quercitrin in Polygonum capitatum extracts by in situ intestinal perfusion models; the absorption rate constants and cumulative penetration rate of absorption were calculated. The effect of different drug concentrations, different intestine segments, bile and P-gp inhibitors on the absorption mechanism of Gallic acid and other compositions in P. capitatum extracts. The experimental results showed that gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin and quercitrin were observed saturated at high concentration (P < 0.05). Bile had significant inhibition effect on protocatechuic acid absorption and had promotion effect on myricetrin and hyperoside absorption (P < 0.05). P-gp inhibitor verapamil could significantly enhance the absorption of Protocatechuic acid (P < 0.05). The overall trend for absorption of various compositions was that small intestine > colon. This indicated that the absorption mechanism of P. capitatum extracts in rat intestine was in line with fist-order kinetics characteristics. The composition could be absorbed in all of the different intestinal segments, and the absorption was mainly concentrated in small intestine. The protocatechuic acid may be the substrate of P-gp.