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In order to explore the structure and dynamic changes of fungal communities in melon fruit during storage, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungi in melon peel and pulp stored for 0, 7, 14, or 21 d was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. Species annotation and species composition analysis were used to determine the dominant fungal communities in the fruit tissues at each storage time point. The results showed that Vishniacozyma, Papiliotrema, and Metarhizium were dominant in the peel on day 0, while Aspergillus, Trichothecium, and Penicillium became dominant as storage time increased. The dominant fungal communities in the flesh also changed as storage time increased, with Vishniacozyma, Trichothecium, and Pichia being the dominant fungi on the 21th day of storage. Diversity analysis showed that fungal abundance and diversity were higher in the peel than in the flesh. In summary, the abundance and diversity of fungal communities in melon tissues changed significantly during storage, and the interaction of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus, Trichothecium, and Penicillium resulted in deterioration of melon fruit quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of preservation methods and biological control strategies for melons in the future.

The incidence rate of proximal gastric cancer in China and some Asian countries is increasing year by year. Surgery is the most effective and commonly used treatment for proximal gastric cancer. Traditional total gastrectomy has a good curative effect, but its complications, such as dystrophic metabolism and decreased quality of life, limited its use. In recent years, the proximal gastrectomy carried out clinically can remove tumor tissue and preserve part of gastric tissue, which is conducive to improving the postoperative nutritional status of patients. However, during proximal gastrectomy, the esophageal sphincter and His angle were damaged, resulting in residual gastric acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux, resulting in reflux esophagitis, which also affected the quality of life of the patients. In order to solve these problems, surgeons have explored different digestive tract reconstruction methods. So far, many digestive tract reconstruction methods have been reported. This paper introduced the commonly used digestive tract reconstruction methods, and summarized the literature on postoperative quality of life and survival outcomes, so as to provide reference and choice for surgeons.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of miR-142-3p in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome （PI-IBS）， and to further clarify the molecular mechanism of miR-142-3p in regulating the incidence and development of PI-IBS. Methods After stimulation using the lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， the effect of miR-142-3p on high mobility group box 1 （HMGB1）-toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）target genes was investigated in the rat intestinal epithelial cells. TargetScan prediction software analysis showed that HMGB1 was a target gene of miR-142-3p. Subsequently， the PI-IBS model was established using trichinella infection. Primary intestinal epithelial cells were subjected to the siRNA transfection assay. Total RNA was extracted from intestinal epithelial cells. The expression levels of miR-142-3p， HMGB1 and TLR4 mRNA in cells were quantitatively determined by real-time PCR. The effect of miR-142-3p on the HMGB1-TLR4 target genes was evaluated. The mediating role of HMGB1 in the anti-inflammation of miR-142-3p was further validated. Results Inflammatory genes NLRP3， IL-1β， IL-6， IL-18 and TNF-α were all the target genes of HMGB1-TLR4. After the LPS stimulation， administration of miR-142-3p significantly inhibited the expression levels pf HMGB1-TLR4 target genes （NLRP3， IL-1β， IL-6， IL-18 and TNF-α） （all P < 0.01）. After the targeted knockdown of HMGB1 in intestinal epithelial cells using siRNA， the HMGB1 expression level in the cells was down-regulated by more than 80%， whereas no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of HMGB1-TLR4 target genes （NLRP3， IL-1β， IL-6， IL-18 and TNF-α） （all P > 0.05）. Conclusion miR-142-3p plays an anti-inflammatory role in intestinal epithelial cells， which is dependent on HMGB1.

BackgroundConcurrent with global aging, China is seeing significantly increased base-case prevalence of chronic diseases and growing prevalence of multimorbidity, which seriously affect the safety and quality of life in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. Understanding the spatial attributes of data is an effective way to learn the epidemic regularity of the disease. There is no research on the spatial distribution of chronic comorbidity.ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence and spatial distribution of chronic comorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people (≥45 years) , providing support for the development of measures for regional containment of chronic diseases.MethodsThis study was carried out in March 2021. Data about sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of 14 chronic diseases stemmed from the four wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, involving 19 498 people aged 45 and above. The geographic information system, ArcGIS 10.2 and Geoda 1.18 were used to conduct a spatial statistical analysis of prevalence of these chronic diseases.ResultsIn 2018, the prevalence of chronic comorbidity among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people was 55.77% (10 874/19 498) . And the prevalence of chronic comorbidity varied significantly by sex, age, educational background and marital status (P

Insufficient pollination is one of the direct causes of flower and fruit drop in goji berries. Aiming to determine the flowering characteristics, 'Ningqi 10' was taking as material to analyze flowering period, including flower color, stigma receptivity, pollen vitality, and nectar secretion at different stages. The study also analyzed the pollination characteristics of common pollinating insects, such as the duration of a single visit to flowers and the number of pollen deposition on the stigma. The results showed that during 12~24 h after flowering and the petal color changed to light purple and white purple, the stigma receptivity, pollen vitality, and nectar secretion were the highest, with significant differences (P<0.05) compared to other stages. The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit (moths>bees>non cushioned bees) showed significant differences compared to natural pollination. The average duration of bees visiting purple flowers was 4.1 s, and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01) compared to the duration of bees visiting yellow flowers (average 1.7 s). The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit to flowers (moths>bees>non cushioned bees) showed significant differences compared to natural pollination. However, in terms of overall efficiency and the number of pollinating insect visits, it was recommended to introduce pollinating insects (such as bees) to enhance the assisted pollination of goji berries and improve the fruit setting and seed setting of 'Ningqi 10'. The research results provided scientific basis for the development of assisted pollination measures for goji berries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straight polarity direct current method(DCSP A-TIG) was applied to join 2219 high strength aluminum alloy, and the effects of single-component(AlF3,LiF), three-component (AlF3+30%LiF+10%KF-AlF3) and four-component (AlF3+30%LiF+10%KF-AlF3+10%K2SiF6) activating flux on weld face forming, weld quality (porosity), arc shape, weld penetration, joint microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that adding activating flux helps to remove the oxide film on the weld face of the 2219 aluminum alloy, improve the weld surface forming quality; the four-component activating flux of weld face forming is the best; compared with the weld quality of variable polarity TIG welding (VPTIG), DCSP A-TIG welding method significantly reduces the porosity generation in 2219 aluminum alloy weld; AlF3 single-component activating flux obviously increases the weld penetration, which has obvious dragged arc phenomenon; DCSP A-TIG welded seam has the same structure component as the parent metal. Welding current has a greater influence on DCSP A-TIG weld microstructure, increasing current may result in the coarsening of the joint microstructure. The strength and elongation of the DCSP A-TIG welding joint, which are coated with four-component activating flux are the highest, and the mechanical properties are nearly the same as VPTIG welding. The DCSP A -TIG welding method of 2219 high strength aluminum alloy is of great value to the engineering application.

ZnCl2 and SnCl2 were added to the AlF3-CsF eutectic flux, which can be used for connecting aluminum alloy sheet by self-brazing at medium temperature. The influence of the amount of ZnCl2 and SnCl2 and the size of the T-joint area on the interface microstructure and the self-brazing joint mechanical properties was investigated. The interface microstructure, chemical compositions, defects and tensile fractography of the self-brazing joints were analyzed by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the joints are soundly bonded when both the mass fractions of ZnCl2 and SnCl2 are about 4%; the replacement reactions between Zn2+, Sn2+ of flux and Al atoms of base metal occur during brazing, then the liquid metals of Sn and Zn appear, a great degree of Zn which has high solid solution with Al spreads rapidly to the base metal; Sn is distributed along the interface forming a low melting point metal layer with Zn and Al; the brazing of joints with small area can be realized easily; there are a lot of dimples on the fracture surface and the tensile strength of the brazing joint reaches (58±5)MPa.

A magnetic resonance imaging receiver design based on NI PXIe-7966R is proposed, with which the magnetic resonance signals are sampled directly and down-converted digitally, the raw data are uploaded and the magnetic resonance image are restored. The system-level digital signal processing (DSP) development tools offered by NI LabVIEW field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used for FPGA function modeling, simulation and automatic code generation of hardware description language (HDL). It was very flexible during the digital down conversion (DDC) designing. The sampling rate of this module was 50 Mbps, and the receiver bandwidth could be varied between 100 Hz and 1 MHz. The experimental results showed that the receiver design is a high performance magnetic resonance receiver solution.

The Shapoling Mo deposit is located in the Xiong'er rock mass of the southern margin of the North China Craton. The deposit is hosted in a contact zone between granite and wallrocks of the Taihua Soupergroup, which is a recently found discovered vein dissemination type deposit in East Qinling. The ore-bodies are associated with quartz veins and controlled by subsidiary faults. The mineralization styles include veinlet and disseminated types. In order to determine the age of the Shapoling Mo deposit, Re-Os isotopic dating of molybdenite was conducted. Six molybdenite samples yielded Re-Os ages ranging from 158.3±1.5 Ma to 160.7±1.2 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 160±1 Ma (2σ, MSWD=2.1). The Re-Os age shows that the Mo mineralization occurred during the late Jurassic, earlier than the formation of Huashan rock mass (about 30 Ma). In addition, one molybdenite sample in Huashan rock mass yielded a Re-Os age of 130.5±1.0 Ma, which is in accordance with the age of the Huashan pluton and molybdenite age (125.4-129.4 Ma) reported by a previous study. In conclusion, the Shapoling deposit contains two episodes of Mo mineralization from the early Cretaceous and late Jurassic periods. Combining this with geological characteristics and tectonic-metallogenic evolution, it is suggested that Huashan rock mass, granite porphyry, and related hydrothermal deposits in the Xiong'er terrain are the products of extrusion to extension transition during continent-continent collision in the Qinling orogenic belt.

Aiming at the large-modulus and special-weight heavy-duty gears,the gear contact stress analysis model is established to study the contact characteristics of the tooth surface during the meshing process.By using the two methods of Abaqus finite element software analysis and Hertz contact stress calculation,the contact stress distribution law of dangerous area under the meshing condition of the heavy load gear is found,the contact stress distribution of contact teeth is given by computer simulation. The results show that the maximum value of the contact stress occurs at the contact surface of the tooth surface and along the tooth. The contact stress occurs on the driving wheel,the contact stress is linearly distributed along the tooth width direction,the tooth width is too large,resulting in the uneven load of the tooth to the load,and the contact stress occurs in the direction of the tooth. Therefore,by increasing of the drive wheel strength and using the positive displacement,it is useful for improving the reliability and service life of heavy equipment.

Tension-shear test was carried out on middle temperature self-brazing aluminum honeycomb cores after high temperature aging by micro mechanical test system, and the microstructure and component of the joints were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to study the relationship between brazing seam microstructure, component and high temperature aging properties. Results show that the tensile-shear strength of aluminum honeycomb core joints brazed by 1060 aluminum foil and aluminum composite brazing plate after high temperature aging(200℃/12h, 200℃/24h, 200℃/36h) is similar to that of as-welded joints, and the weak part of the joint is the base metal which is near the brazing joint. The observation and analysis of the aluminum honeycomb core microstructure and component show that the component of Zn, Sn at brazing seam is not much affected and no compound phase formed after high temperature aging; therefore, the main reason for good high temperature aging performance of self-brazing aluminum honeycomb core is that no obvious change of brazing seam microstructure and component occurs.

In order to solve the problems of microbial loss and poor effluent quality during the operation of landfill leachate treated by conventional anaerobic process, the operation performance of submerged plate anaerobic membrane bioreactor was investigated. A continuous anaerobic digestion experiment was carried out on fresh leachate from a landfill site at a medium temperature of (37±1)°C with a volume load of 9.5 kgCOD/(m³⋅d). The reactor was operated for 67 d. The experimental results showed that under the condition of hydraulic retention time of 10 d, the methane production rate was 217 mL/gCOD, the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was 88.7%, the total volatile fatty acids of effluent water was 230 mg/L, and the pH was stable between 7.83 and 8.19. The system displayed good stability. When the membrane flux was 5 L/(m²⋅h), no obvious membrane pollution occurred during the experiment. The transmembrane pressure difference increased from 2.6 kPa to 4.1 kPa, indicating that the system worked well. The experimental results showed that the anaerobic membrane bioreactor can operate stably under high load condition, and the membrane has good anti-pollution ability under continuous operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze the diagnostic value of MR-related quantitative parameters for SIS and the relationship with shoulder joint function and treatment effect, 56 SIS patients in our hospital were set as the SIS group, and 56 healthy subjects in the same period were set as the control group. The general data and the shoulder joint function score (Constant) were compared between the two groups, as well as the level of MRI quantitative parameters. And the relationship between the MRI quantitative parameters and the Constant score, the incidence of SIS, the treatment effect and the diagnostic value of SIS in patients of SIS were discussed. The results showed that the Constant score and the shortest shoulder-brachial distance of the SIS group were lower than those of the control group. And the acromion index and the height of acromioclavicular joint osteophytes were higher than those of the control group. Moreover, the acromion index and the height of acromioclavicular joint osteophytes of the effective patients in the SIS group were lower than those in the ineffective patients. And the shortest shoulder-brachial distance was higher than that in the ineffective patients (P<0.05). All MRI quantitative parameters were important factors influencing the onset of SIS (P<0.05). The specificity of the combined diagnosis of SIS by the MRI quantitative parameters was 87.50%, and the sensitivity was 80.36%. The results show that MRI quantitative parameters are of high value in the diagnosis of SIS, and are related to shoulder joint function and treatment effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the safety of transgenic herbicide tolerant soybean ZH10-6 with G2-EPSPS and GAT genes in terms of biodiversity, the study reports the biodiversity on arthropod in field, soybean diseases, soybean rhizobia and field weeds. Results showed that there were no significant differences in composition of arthropod community between ZH10-6 and non-transgenic control, and neither were the community structure, occurrence of major arthropod populations, index of major soybean diseases and number of rhizobia. In addition, the application of target herbicides could effectively inhibit weed growth in field. Therefore, the transgenic herbicide tolerant soybean ZH10-6 had no negative impact on field biodiversity. It provided data support for the safety of transgenic herbicide tolerant soybean ZH10-6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a field experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition (low N: 30 kg N ⋅ hm-2 ⋅ a-1, moderate N: 60 kg N ⋅ hm-2 ⋅ a-1, high N: 90 kg N ⋅ hm-2 ⋅ a-1) on ecological stoichiometry of leaf litter in Moso bamboo forest under conventional management (CM) and intensive management (IM) practices. The results showed that compared with CM, IM significantly increased C, N and P concentrations of leaf litter by 9.3%, 32.4% and 22.7%, respectively, but significantly decreased C:N, C:P and N:P ratios by 17.4%, 54.3% and 44.6%, respectively. In CM Moso bamboo plots, low and moderate N deposition significantly increased C, N and P concentrations of leaf litter but decreased C:N, C:P and N:P, high N deposition significantly increased C, N concentrations, C:P and N:P, but decreased P concentration. In IM Moso bamboo plots, low N deposition significantly increased P concentration but decreased C concentrations, C:P and N:P, moderate N deposition significantly increased N and P concentrations but decreased C concentration, C:N, C:P and N:P, high N deposition significantly increased C:N, C:P and N:P but decreased P concentration. The interaction of management intensity and N deposition significantly influenced stoichiometry of leaf litter, except for C:N. The P concentration of leaf litter was significantly correlated with P concentration in soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the development efficiency of well pattern for complex reservoirs with uncertainties, in view of the shortcomings of traditional well pattern, such as simple structure, inflexible adjustment and poor adaptability, this paper presents a new adaptive well pattern construction method. By using Delaunay Triangulation and Frontal-Delaunay Quadrangular division methods, large-scaled high-quality triangular and quadrangular well patterns are generated, which can effectively dell with various complex boundaries and variable density adjustment, reflecting perfect adaptability. Taking the uncertainty of reservoir modeling into consideration, the expectation and standard deviation of the net present value (NPV) are used to construct the objective function; the PSO algorithm combined with the k-clustering algorithm are used to cluster the uncertain reservoir models into groups and then optimize the objective function circularly. In ensuring the accuracy of the calculation, the convergence time is greatly improved at the same time. Examined by the example of uncertainty reservoir, the well pattern generated by this method can fully adapt to the heterogeneity and complex boundary conditions of the reservoir. The proposed optimization method can remarkably reduce the computational complexity while ensuring the accuracy of the results. The development risk caused by the uncertainty is reduced significantly, while the expected revenue is improved correspondingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the shaft torsional vibration risk of the turbogenerator caused by the integration of large capacity wind farms in wind & thermal power transmission system, the impact of doubly fed induction generator ( DFIG) -based wind farms interconnected to power grid on subsynchronous oscillation of turbogenerator was investigated. Firstly, the detailed mathematical models for the small signal stability analysis with DFIG-based wind farms were established. By utilizing modal analysis method, the changes of the system subsynchronous oscillation modes with and without DFIG-based wind farms were investigated, respectively, and the presented models and modal analysis were demonstrated by comparison with the time-domain simulation results. Then, based on the concept of parameter sensitivity, the analytical sensitivity expression of subsynchronous oscillation damping ratio on wind farm parameters was deduced. Finally, Regarding for the different conditions of wind speed and reactive power of the wind farms, the variation of subsynchronous oscillation mode was discussed. The results show that the connected DFIG-based wind farm could reduce the subsynchronous oscillation damping in keeping the external condition. Furthermore, the parameters of active power and reactive power of the wind farms have an obvious effect on the system subsynchronous oscillation damping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed study on the conventional nonlinear semi-empirical model was conducted through two different vortex-induced vibration (VIV) systems of bridge decks. Results indicate that the nonlinear semi-empirical model can reproduce the limit cycle oscillation (LCO) of the original systems, but it cannot reproduce the forms of nonlinear aerodynamic forces. A new approach, which is based on the force-state mapping method, was proposed for simulating the VIV of original systems. This approach performs well in simulating both the LCO and the aerodynamic forces of the original systems. Moreover, the mean square error (MSE) and the significant factor can be used as a criterion in determining the form of nonlinearities in aerodynamic forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of fluid flow in cracks and rock deformation, the mathematical model for shale hydraulic crack propagation was established. The crack flow field and the rock stress field were solved with the finite element method and the extended finite element method respectively, and the two fields were coupled through the Picard iteration. The presented model gave results consistent with those of the classic model, which verified correctness of the former. Based on the model, the effects of the rock elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio and injection rate on the crack geometry, and the dynamic process of a hydraulic crack approaching a natural crack at an arbitrary angle, were simulated. The numerical results show that the elasticity modulus and injection rate have significant influence on the crack geometry, while the Poisson's ratio has little effect; the more brittle the shale is, the longer and narrower the hydraulic crack will grow; the greater the principal stress difference and the approaching angle are, the easier the hydraulic crack crosses the natural crack; there is a relatively large decrease in the crack width at the intersection between a hydraulic crack and a natural crack; the extended finite element method avoids mesh reconstruction and refinement during computation, and reduces the computing time. The presented model provides an effective theoretical tool for the shale fracturing design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of single and combined applications of three foliar inhibitors on the accumulation of cadmium （Cd） and arsenic （As） in rice grains. Two rice varieties, Songyazao 1 （for early rice） and Wuxiang Youyue （for late rice）, were selected for this experiment. We established nine treatments using a pot experiment method, including a control （CK） treated with no foliar inhibitor and three individual foliar inhibitors： cysteine （L-Cys）, potassium sulfide （K 2 S）, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate （K 2 HPO 4 ）. We then combined the applications of two foliar inhibitors： L-Cys with low/high concentrations of K 2 S, L-Cys with low/high concentrations of K 2 HPO 4 , and K 2 S with a low concentration of K 2 HPO 4 . The results showed that the single and combined applications of foliar inhibitors reduced Cd and As concentrations in rice grains. The Cd content in brown rice treated with L-Cys and K 2 S/K 2 HPO 4 was reduced below the standard limit for food safety of 0.20 mg·kg -1 . Compared to the CK, the content of inorganic arsenic （IAs） in early and late rice decreased by 4.68%-56.75% and 2.84%-16.91%, respectively. Foliar inhibitors applied individually or in combinations facilitated the transport of Cd and As from the stem to the leaf while inhibiting their transport from the leaf to the rice grain. This resulted in the sequestration of Cd and As within the leaf cell wall, ultimately reducing the content of these elements in rice grains. Among the combination treatments, the application of L-Cys and high-concentration K 2 S achieved the best results. The Cd content in early and late rice decreased by 37.64% and 26.37%, respectively, falling below 0.20 mg·kg -1 . The IAs content in early and late rice was reduced to 0.10 mg·kg -1 （below 0.20 mg·kg -1 ） and 0.24 mg·kg -1 , respectively. This study provides a valuable theoretical foundation and empirical data to support the achievement of safe rice production practices.

Objective: To assess the clinical effect and safety of comprehensive therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) with damp-heat stasis., Methods: We selected 108 cases of ED with damp-heat stasis meeting the inclusion criteria and treated with tadalafil (the control group, n = 54) or tadalafil + comprehensive TCM therapy (the trial group, n = 54) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine in the same period. After 8 weeks of treatment, we recorded the patients' scores on IIEF-5, TCM syndrome, erectile quality (EQS), 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Scale 7 (GAD-7). At 16 weeks of our study, we collected the efficacy parameters, safety indicators and adverse reactions by telephone follow-up and compared the data obtained between the two groups of patients., Results: Totally, 103 of the patients completed the study, 51 in the control and 52 in the trial group. Compared with the baseline, the IIEF-5 and EQS scores were both markedly increased after 8 weeks of treatment in the trial group (12.35±3.00 vs 18.36±2.82, P< 0.05; 39.5 ［30.25－43］ vs 67.5 ［54.5－76.75］, P< 0.05) and the control (11.96±2.79 vs 15.88±3.86, P< 0.05; 38.0 ［29－42］ vs 56 ［49－64］, P< 0.05), even more significantly in the former than in the latter (P< 0.05); the TCM syndrome and GAD-7 scores were remarkably decreased in the trial (9.5 ［8－12］ vs 4.0 ［2.25－5］, P< 0.05; 5 ［2.25－6.75］ vs 2.5 ［1－4.75］, P< 0.05) and the control group (10.0 ［8－12］ vs 5.0 ［3－6］, P< 0.05; 5.0 ［3－6］ vs 4.0 ［2－5］, P< 0.05), even more significantly in the former than in the latter (P< 0.05), so were the PHQ-9 scores (P< 0.05), but with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The IIEF-5 scores of the two groups remained significantly higher than the baseline during the follow-up (P< 0.05), even higher in the trial than in the control group (17.04±2.60 vs 14.16±3.34, P< 0.05). No obvious abnormal safety indicators or adverse events were observed during the study., Conclusion: Comprehensive TCM therapy combined with tadalafil is superior to tadalafil alone in the treatment of ED with damp-heat stasis, and has a better long-term efficacy and a higher safety.

Acupuncture treatment for functional constipation (FC) is characterized by precise efficacy, rapid onset of action in the early stages, long-term stable effects, and overall regulation. This paper reviews recent literatures on acupuncture treatment for FC, indicating that acupuncture acts from multiple perspectives and pathways, including promoting intestinal motility, regulating intestinal microbiota, modulating the brain-gut axis, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and improving rectal hyposensitivity. Future research could delve into the mechanical sensation conduction mechanisms of acupuncture in improving rectal hyposensitivity, identify key intestinal microbiota genera and metabolic characteristics regulated by acupuncture, explore the network relationships among different mechanisms, and clarify the differential mechanisms of various acupuncture treatment protocols to optimize clinical therapy and enhance the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for FC.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different sulfur fertilizers combined with sulfate-reducing bacteria on the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice and the formation of iron plaque under long-term flooding conditions and to provide a reference for the safe production of rice fields polluted by moderate and mild cadmium and arsenic. We adopted a pot experiment, selecting two sulfur fertilizers, sulfur and calcium sulfate, and Enterobacter M5 with sulfate-reducing ability, and designed six treatments of single application and combined application of different sulfur fertilizers and M5. The results showed that the combined application of calcium sulfate and M5(CM5) had the best effect on reducing available cadmium and arsenic in rice rhizosphere soil. The combined application of sulfur fertilizer or M5 could reduce the content of cadmium and inorganic arsenic in early season rice grains by 8%-51% and 42%-61%, respectively, under flooding conditions. The content of cadmium and inorganic arsenic in late rice grains decreased by 81%-92% and 41%-62%, respectively. The treatment of the combined application of sulfur and M5(SM5) and CM5 had the best effect on reducing cadmium and arsenic content in both early and late season rice grains. SM5 and CM5 could promote the adsorption of cadmium and arsenic by iron plaque, and the extracted cadmium and arsenic content of ACA in both treatments was significantly higher than that of CK. The extracted iron content of ACA in the CM5 treatment was also significantly higher than that of CK, which indicates that the combined application of calcium sulfate and M5 would promote the formation of iron plaque. The results showed that the combined application of sulfur fertilizer and M5 was better than single application in reducing the content of cadmium and arsenic in grains, whereas the combined application of calcium sulfate and M5 was the best and most stable method.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on mast cell activation-related substances and intestinal barrier function in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model rats, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms., Methods: Thirty female SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and EA group, with 10 rats in each group. IBS-D model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with senna solution gavage. Rats in the EA group received EA treatment (2 Hz/15 Hz，0.1-1.0 mA) at "Zusanli" (ST36), "Taichong"(LR3) and "Tianshu"(ST25), 20 min per day, for a total of 14 days, with sides alternated daily. Visceral pain threshold was used to evaluate visceral hypersensitivity, diarrhea index was used to evaluate diarrhea degree. After all treatments, the pathological scores of colon were recorded after HE staining, the contents of cholecystokinin (CCK), substance P (SP), tryptase (TPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in colon were detected by ELISA, and the expressions of colonic tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin were detected by Western blot., Results: Compared with the control group, the visceral pain threshold, the expression levels of colonic ZO-1 and occludin proteins decreased ( P <0.01), while the diarrhea index, the contents of colonic CCK, SP, TPS and ATP were significantly increased ( P <0.01) in the model group. After intervention, in comparison with the model group, the visceral pain thre-shold, the protein expression levels of colonic ZO-1 and occludin protein increased ( P <0.01), while the diarrhea index, the contents of colonic CCK, SP, TPS and ATP were significantly decreased ( P <0.01) in the EA group., Conclusion: EA can significantly alleviate the symptoms of visceral hypersensitivity and diarrhea in IBS-D rats. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating colonic CCK, SP, TPS and ATP, inhibiting mast cell activation and degranulation, and up-regulating colonic barrier tight junction proteins.

Head and neck primary soft tissue sarcoma is a rare adult connective tissue malignant tumor derived from mesenchymal tissue, which can occur in the paranasal sinuses, throat or neck space.The clinical manifestations are local spread masses in the head and neck or difficulty breathing, swallowing, etc al. MRI and enhanced CT examination are the most commonly used to diagnose such diseases. Pathological diagnosis requires immunohistochemistry combined with FISH to detect MDM2 and CDK4. In this report，two cases of primary soft tissue sarcoma were reported,one is parotid high-differentiated liposarcoma and the other is laryngeal dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma, introducing the characteristics diagnosis and treatment, and reviewing the relevant literature., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

The main objective of this study was to explore the changes in bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS)+magnetic coagulation process wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Xinjiang. The bacterial communities and ARGs in the influent, suspended activated sludge, attached biofilm, and effluent were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the average relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae in activated sludge were 3.50% and 0.03%, respectively, and their relative abundances in biofilm reached 10.02% and 2.12%, respectively. The average removal rates of NH 4 + -N and TN increased from 91.89% and 66.76% to 97.71% and 91.90% after the reformation of this wastewater treatment plant, respectively, indicating that IFAS enhanced the biological nitrogen removal capacity of wastewater treatment plants in cold regions. The average relative abundances of Ferruginibacter and Rhodoferax related to iron redox in the biological treatment section were 5.24% and 3.72%, respectively, and the relative abundance of Rhodoferax in effluent reached 9.48%, indicating that the magnetic powder had an impact on the bacterial community. The IFAS wastewater treatment plant had an obvious removal effect on ARGs, and the relative abundance of ARGs decreased from 191.08×10 -3 ‰ in the influent to 32.58×10 -3 ‰ in the effluent. The relative abundance of ARGs in activated sludge was 63.25×10 -3 ‰-72.38×10 -3 ‰, which was significantly higher than 41.31×10 -3 ‰ in biofilm. However, the relative abundances of dominant subtypes of ARGs such as sul2 , floR , and rpoB2 in biofilm were 5.77×10 -3 ‰, 2.52×10 -3 ‰, and 2.03×10 -3 ‰, respectively, which were higher than the 3.15×10 -3 ‰-3.57×10 -3 ‰, 1.73×10 -3 ‰-2.24×10 -3 ‰, and 1.28×10 -3 ‰-1.76×10 -3 ‰ in activated sludge. The network analysis indicated that Caldilineaceae&#95;norank and Trichococcus were respectively positively correlated with sul2 and floR . These results can provide theoretical reference for the optimal operation and ARGs control of WWTPs in cold regions.

The content of total flavonol glycosides in Ginkgo Folium in the planting bases was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The samples were extracted by reflux with methanol-25% hydrochloric acid.The HPLC conditions were as follows: Agilent ZORBAX SB-C&#95;(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), isocratic elution with mobile phase of 0.4% phosphoric acid solution-methanol(45∶55), flow rate of 1 mL·min~(-1), column temperature of 30 ℃, detection wavelength of 360 nm, and injection vo-lume of 10 μL.A method for the determination of terpene lactones in Ginkgo Folium was established based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph-triple-quadrupole/linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS).The UPLC conditions were as below: gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid, flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1), column temperature of 30 ℃, sample chamber temperature of 10 ℃, and injection volume of 10 μL.The ESI~+and multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) were adopted for the MS.The above methods were used to determine the content of total flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones in 99 batches of Ginkgo Folium from 6 planting bases, and the results were statistically analyzed.The content of flavonoids and terpene lactones in Ginkgo Folium from different origins, from trees of different ages, harvested at different time, from trees of different genders, and processed with different methods was compared.The results showed that the content of total flavonol glucosides in 99 Ginkgo Folium samples ranged from 0.38% to 2.08%, and the total content of the four terpene lactones was in the range of 0.03%-0.87%.The method established in this study is simple and reliable, which can be used for the quantitative analysis of Ginkgo Folium.The research results lay a basis for the quality control of Ginkgo Folium.

Essential oils(EOs) from Chinese medicinals, which can be used as adjuvants and exert certain therapeutic effect, are directly used in Chinese medicine formulas. Conventional research strategy for EOs from Chinese medicinals is to compare the efficacy of the prescriptions before and after the addition of EOs, and the penetration-enhancing mechanisms of EOs remain unclear. In modern research on EOs from Chinese medicinals, the method for studying chemical penetration enhancers is often used, which fails to reflect the overall efficacy of EOs. This study clarified the property regularity of EOs from Chinese medicinals as transdermal penetration enhancers, and thereby proposed a research model which integrated the medicinal and adjuvant properties of EOs from Chinese medicinals via &quot;component-delivery-effect&quot; characterization route. The core concept is that constituents of EOs from Chinese medicinals and their delivery process play a key role in their external application. This research model is expected to serve as a reference for further research on EOs from Chinese medicinals for transdermal application.

Objective: To investigate the repairing effect of Yishen Tongluo Prescription (YTP) on sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in male rats exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and its possible mechanism., Methods: Thirty Wistar male rats were equally randomized into a blank control, a BaP-exposure and a YTP intervention group, those in the latter two groups exposed to BaP at 20 mg/kg/d for 60 consecutive days, and those in the YTP intervention group treated intragastrically with YTP from the 31st day of BaP exposure for a total of 30 days. After the last administration, the sperm DFI of the rats was detected by sperm chromatin structure analysis, the levels of FSH, LH and T in the serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the testis were measured by ELISA., Results: Compared with the blank controls, the rats in the BaP-exposure group showed significantly increased DFI ( ［4.23 ± 1.40］% vs ［12.46 ± 3.07］%, P < 0.05), serum FSH (［1.76 ± 0.31］ vs ［2.53 ± 0.28］ U/L, P < 0.05) and LH (［30.59 ± 2.14］ vs ［39.72 ± 2.80］ U/L, P < 0.05), decreased levels of serum T (［5.33 ± 0.43］ vs ［4.42 ± 0.38］ nmol/L, P < 0.05) and testicular SOD (［166.18 ± 3.74］ vs ［113.23 ± 10.76］ U/ml, P < 0.05) and ATP (［41.23 ± 2.21］ vs ［33.48 ± 2.74］ mol/L, P < 0.05), and elevated contents of MDA (［7.55 ± 0.93］ vs ［10.59 ± 1.17］ nmol/ml, P < 0.05) and NO (［44.23±4.47］ vs ［54.49 ± 3.13］ mol/L, P < 0.05). All the above parameters returned to normal after YTP intervention (DFI: ［5.73 ± 2.46］%, FSH: ［2.07 ± 0.45］ U/L, LH: ［33.94 ± 4.44］ U/L, T: ［4.96 ± 0.24］ nmol/L, SOD: ［135.22 ± 7.26］ U/ml, ATP: ［38.26 ± 2.14］ mol/L, MDA: ［8.37 ± 1.29］ nmol/ml, NO: ［48.36 ± 3.98］ mol/L), with statistically significant difference from those in the BaP-exposure group (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Yishen Tongluo Prescription can repair BaP-induced sperm DNA damage in male rats, which may be attributed to its effects of suppressing oxidative damage.

Whitmania pigra is the most widely distributed species of leeches in the market. In this study, the effect of heavy metal lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of Wh. pigra was studied and the potential mechanism was explored. Pb(NO&#95;3)&#95;2 was used to contaminate the breeding soil which was then used to rear Wh. pigra for 50 days(lead-contaminated group, LC group), and meanwhile the blank control group(CG group) was set. Proteins were extracted from the obtained leech samples, and the differentially expressed proteins between LC and CG groups were analyzed by label-free proteomics technology. In this study, a total of 152 differentially expressed proteins were screened out, of which 93 proteins were up-regulated and 59 proteins were down-regulated in LC group. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the biological processes enriched with the differentially expressed proteins were mainly vesicle-mediated transport and transport positive regulation; the enriched cell components were mainly endocytosis vesicles and apical plasma membrane; the enriched molecular functions mainly included carbohydrate binding. The differentially expressed proteins were enriched in 76 KEGG pathways, which mainly involved metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. In this study, two differentially expressed proteins with Antistasin domain were presumed, which provides reference for further exploring the regulatory mechanism and signal transduction underlying the effect of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of leech.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of Pirt (a regulator of TRPV1) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1, a molecular sensor of noxious heat and capsaicin) in the colonic mucosa in rats suffering from diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying alleviation of visceral hypersensitivity of IBS-D., Methods: Forty SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly assigned to control, model, EA, and medication groups by lottery, with 10 rats in each group. The IBS-D model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and gavage of senna soaking fluid. Rats in the EA group received EA (2 Hz/15 Hz,0.1-1 mA) stimulation of unilateral "Tianshu"(ST25), "Zusanli" (ST36), "Sanyinjiao"(SP6) and "Taichong"(LR3) for 15 min once a day for 14 days, and rats of the medication group received intragastric administration of pinave-rium bromide (10 mL/kg, 2.7 mg/mL) once daily for 14 days. The visceral pain threshold (VPT) was measured by using abdominal wall withdrawal reflex (AWR) test. The diarrhea index （loose stool rate ［total number of loose stool/total number of defecation］ X mean loose degree ［0-4 grades according to the filter paper stain diameter］ in 6 h/d） was used to assess the severity of diarrhea. The expression of Pirt in the DRG and TRPV1 in the colonic mucosa tissue was detected using immunohistochemistry., Results: After modeling, the VPT was obviously reduced ( P <0.01), while the diarrhea index, mean optical density of Pirt and TRPV1 were remarkably increased in the model group relevant to the control group ( P <0.01). After the interventions, the VPT was obviously increased while the diarrhea index, and the mean optical density of Pirt and TRPV1 was noticeably decreased in both EA and the medicine groups in contrast to the model group ( P <0.01). No significant differences were found between the EA and medicine groups in up-regulating VPT and down-regulating the diarrhea index, and Pirt and TRPV1 expression ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: EA can effectively alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats, which may be related to its effect in down-regulating the expression level of DRG Pirt and colonic TRPV1.

In this experiment, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatographytandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was established for the determination of caffeine in commercially available Ginkgo Folium. The samples were extracted by ultrasonic method with methanol, and separated on Waters CORTECS T3 column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm), with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution for gradient elution, at flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1); column temperature of 30 ℃, and injection volume of 2 μL. Mass spectrometry was conducted at ESI~+ multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode; quantitative analysis was conducted with external standard method. The results showed that in the range of 0.099 6-9.96 ng·mL~(-1), there was a good linear relationship between the mass concentration of caffeine and the peak area, R~2=0.999; the average recovery was 84.51%, with RSD of 6.2%. The results of precision, repeatability and stability showed that the RSD was 5.1%, 5.9%, 7.2%, respectively. The content range of caffeine in 10 batches of Ginkgo Folium was 1.52-60.86 μg·kg~(-1). In conclusion, this method is accurate, reliable and reproducible, which provides a reference for the safety study of Ginkgo Folium.

Objectives: To investigate caries status and its impact factors in preschool children in plateau and to provide reference for caries prevention in highlands., Methods: Examination of caries was performed on 1 597 children aged 3-5 years old in 11 kindergartens in Changdu, Xizang, in accordance with the 4th National Oral Health Survey standards and methods. Their parents were surveyed with the questionnaire regarding oral hygiene habit and consciousness about oral health and related factors. All the data were collected and analyzed., Results: The prevalence of caries among children aged 3-5 years old in Changdu was 52.85%, with dmft index of 2.44. The caries rate and dmft of children aged 3 years old were lower than those of children aged 4 and 5 years old ( P <0.05). No significant difference was observed in the caries rate between males and females ( P >0.05). Single-factor analysis showed that the frequency of brushing teeth more than twice a day, low frequency of eating sweets, high frequency of drinking butter tea, and regular oral examination can reduce the rate of caries ( P <0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the frequency of eating sweets, drinking butter tea, and oral examination are related impact factors of caries., Conclusions: The prevalence of ca-ries in children aged 3-5 years old in Changdu increases with aging. Good oral hygiene and eating habits and regular oral examination can reduce the rate of caries.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment methods of patients with myeloid sarcoma(MS)． Methods: The clinical data, laboratory examination, clinical pathology and treatment methods of 15 patients with MS treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from June 2012 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed., Results: Among the 15 cases of MS, including eight males and seven females, the middle age of patients were 53（19 to 72）. Among the 15 patients with MS, 4 showed solitary MS, while 11 showed secondary MS. Immunohistochemical results showed that MPO + （12/15）、CD68 + （3/6）、Lys + （3/3）、CD34 + （6/14）、TdT + （0/9）、CD43 + （13/13）、CD117 + （6/10）、CD15 + （7/10）、CD3 + （1/15）、CD20 + （0/15）. 6 of 13 patients were survival till follow-up date．The median overall survival (OS) time was 16 months (1-88 months)．Conclusion: Myeloid sarcoma is rare and often secondary from acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and chronic myeogenous leukemia(CML). Isolated MS can easily be misdiagnosed as lymphoma. Treatment response should be evaluated in combination with bone marrow examination, PET/CT and other imagines．Systematic chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are the main method to treat MS.

Objective: To explore whether femoral plasty can improve the fracture resistance of osteoporotic femoral specimens and prevent hip fracture, and to compare the difference of mechanical strength changes between two different femoral plasty methods in osteoporotic femoral specimens, so as to determine the best strengthening area of the plasty., Methods: Eighteen pairs of fresh osteoporotic femur specimens were collected and divided into two groups, A and B, 9 pairs in each group. Nine fresh osteoporotic femur specimens in each group were randomly selected for enhancement, and the corresponding contralateral specimens were used as control group. In group A1, the enhancement areas were femoral head, femoral neck, femoral trochanter and subtrochantericregion. And in group B1, the enhancement areas were femoral head, femoral neck and femoral trochanter region. The amount of cement injected into the femoral neck was recorded and the surface temperature of the femoral neck was measured. All specimens were biomechanically tested under simulated falls. Load-displacement curves, final loads were recorded. The final energy and stiffness of specimens were calculated. The biomechanical differences between the specimens of the enhancement group and those of the corresponding control group were compared, and the mechanical changes of the specimens by two different enhancement methods were compared., Results: Compared with the control group, the ultimate load and energy of the specimens in the enhanced group increased significantly, but the stiffness did not change significantly. There was no significant difference in final load and energy between specimens strengthened by two different methods., Conclusion: Femoral plasty has the advantages of minimally invasive, simple operationand remarkable effect. It can be used as a new method to prevent osteoporotic hip fracture.

Objective: To explore the safety, effectiveness and consistency of "Zoning Method" foraminotomy in posterior cervical endoscopic surgery., Methods: From March 2016 to October 2018, 21 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were enrolled. Endoscopic foraminotomy and nucleus pulposus enucleation were performed in the patients. There were 13 males and 8 females, aged from 35 to 56 years old with an average of (47.3±5.1) years. The surgical segment of 6 cases were C 4,5 , 10 cases were C 5,6 and 5 cases were C 6,7 . The "Zoning Method" was proposed and used to complete the foraminotomy under endoscope, and then to perform nucleus pulposus removal and nerve root decompression. The operation length, intraoperative bleeding volume and complications were recorded, and NDI, VAS were evaluated before operation, 1 day after the operation and 1 week after the operation., Results: All the operations were successful. The operation length was(46.10±26.39) min, intraoperative bleeding volume was (50.10±18.25) ml, and there were no complications such as nerve injury, dural tear or vertebral artery injury. All 21 patients were followed up for 3 to 9 months, with a median of 6 months. Postoperative VAS and NDI were obvious improved ( P <0.05);there was significant difference in VAS between postoperative 1 d and 1 week( P <0.05);and there was no significant difference in NDI between postoperative 1 d and 1 week ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Endoscopic foraminotomy with "Zoning Method" is safe clinically significant, and consistent.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on intestinal epithelial mucosal barrier function in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of IBS-D., Methods: Forty SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly divided into control, model, EA and medication (Pinaverium Bromide, PB) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The IBS-D model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with gavage of Senna-leaf solution. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz，0.1-1 mA) was applied to unilateral "Zusanli"(ST36),"Tianshu" (ST25), "Sanyinjiao"(SP6) and "Taichong"(LR3) alternatively for 15 min, once daily for 14 days. Rats of the medication group was treated by gavage of PB (10 mL·kg -1 ·d -1 ) for 14 days. The visceral sensitivity (pain) was assessed by using the pressure threshold which the inserted rectal balloon catheter air-inflation (connected to a blood pressure gauge) induced stronger abdominal muscular contraction to force the rat's abdomen to lift the experimental stand surface. The diarrhea index was used to evaluate loose stool grade. The expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin (intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins) of colon tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The activity of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) was assayed by using spectrophotometry., Results: Compared with the control group, the diarrhea index and plasma DAO activity in the model group were significantly increased ( P <0.01), while the visceral pain threshold, expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin in the model group were significantly decreased ( P <0.01). After the treatment, the diarrhea index and plasma DAO activity were significantly lower in both EA and medication groups than that in the model group ( P <0.01), and the visceral pain threshold and expression levels of Claudin-1 and Occludin were obviously increased ( P <0.05, P <0.01). No significant differences were found between the EA and medication groups in all the above-mentioned indexes ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture can significantly improve abdominal pain and diarrhea in IBS-D model rats, which may be closely associated with its effects in up-regulating the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and Occludin to restore the function of intestinal epithelial mucosal barrier.

Leech has a good anticoagulant activity and is one of the raw materials for treatment of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study was based on in vitro anticoagulant experiments( APTT and PT) to investigate the effects of lead contamination on the anticoagulant effect of leech. At present,the Hirudo circulating in the market are dominated by Whitmania pigra,therefore Wh. pigra were cultivated under a different lead pollution for 50 days. Then,the effects of Wh. pigra extract,extracting from different cultivating environment,on activated partial thrombin time( APTT) and prothrombin time( PT) were determined by automatic coagulation instrument. The results showed that the Wh. pigra extract significantly prolonged the APTT compared with the saline group.The APTT of the lead-high residual Wh. pigra was shorter than that of the blank Wh. pigra. The Wh. pigra extracts from different treatment groups had little effect on PT. The results showed that the lead residue in the Wh. pigra increased with the increase of lead in the cultured soil,the lead residual of the Pb-H group was( 10. 66±2. 79) mg·kg~(-1),which exceeded the lead limit specified in the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results indicated that growth environment pollution is one of the important factors causing excessive lead in Wh. pigra. Lead pollution will reduce the anticoagulant effect of Wh. pigra and affect its clinical efficacy.

Traditional Chinese medicines( TCMs) are easily contaminated by fungi during planting,harvesting,processing,transportation and storage. The 2015 version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates the detection of aflatoxin in Dilong. After reviewing the literature,it has been found that there are no domestic and foreign scholars who have studied the surface fungi of Dilong. Pheretima,known as Dilong in China,is a commonly used TCMs in animal. In this experiment,8 batches of Dilong were collected from retail pharmacies in Beijing. The fungi on the surface of Dilong were cultured by traditional plate method and the single strain was obtained by the top purification method. The fungal colony morphology,microstructure characteristics and DNA barcode were used to isolate and identify the fungi. At the same time,based on Illumina Hi Seq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform,the diversity of fungi on the surface of Dilong was analyzed. The results showed that 287 strains of 9 species of fungi were isolated and identified by plate method. Combined with 3 kinds of identification method,eight of nine fungi could be identified,respectively,Aspergillus niger,Penicillium,Alternaria nees,A. flavus,and Penicillium oxalicum,Humicola sp.,Talaromyces purpurogenus and A. insuetus,1 kind of fungi was not identified yet. Among them,Penicillium and Aspergillus were the dominant genus. The results of high-throughput sequencing belonged to 2 boundaries,6 gates,19 classes,44 orders,98 families,127 genus and 121 species in different classification levels. Wallemia,Aspergillus and Cordyceps were the dominant genus,and the relative abundances are 63. 33%,15. 28%,and 10. 28%,respectively. Through the diversity study on the surface fungi of Dilong in Beijing retail pharmacies,it can provide a reference for its safe storage and clinical use.

Purpose: To explore the effect of erythritol on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(Aa), Actinomices viscosus (Av), and to explore how Porphyromonas gingivalis affected by erythritol influence mRNA expression level of inflammatory in periodontal cells., Methods: Pg, Aa, Av were anaerobically cultured (80%N 2 , 10%CO 2 , 10%H 2 ) at 37℃ in 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 g/L erythritol- BHI mixture groups (experimental groups) and BHI groups (control group). The lowest erythritol concentration without turbidity or precipitation was the minimum inhibitory concentration. Pg was cultured in MIC, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 MIC erythritol- BHI mixture groups (experimental groups) and BHI groups (control group). Each kind of bacteria in each concentration group was centrifugalled and cleaned before added into DMEM. The mixed suspension was co-cultured with the periodontal ligament cells in four generations for 24 hours, the supernatan was removed , then the total RNA in cracking cells was extracted and reversing transcription. At last, the relative expression of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a was detected real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The data were analyzed with SPSS19.0 software package., Results: The minimum inhibitory by concentrations of erythritol on three bacteria were as followed: Pg: 64 g/L，Aa: 128 g/L，Av: 128 g/L. The ability of stimulating periodontal ligament cells to produce IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was different when Pg was cultured under different concentrations of erythritol. There was no significant difference between 0 g/L of control group and 8 g/L of experimental group. As the concentration reached 16 g/L, the relative expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α was reduced, and the higher concentration was, the less inflammatory factors was. However, the inflammatory factors in all the experimental groups were always significantly higher than that in the blank control group (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Erythritol has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Pg, Aa and Av. In a certain range, higher concentration of erythritol delivers better inhibition effect. Erythritol can also reduce the periodontal pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria in a way inhibiting the virulence of these bacteria, reducing the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-a in periodontal cells.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on prevention of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with mechanical ventilation., Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. Sixty COPD patients aged 18-85 years old who were accepted mechanical ventilation therapy admitted to general intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine from October 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled. Patients were divided into control group (n = 30) and intervention group (n = 30) by random number table method. All patients were accepted routine treatment, and on this basis, the intervention group was applied transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the extremities (twice a day, 30 minutes each time) after 24 hours of admission until ICU discharge. The Medical Research Council muscle strength score (MRC-Score), grip strength, incidence of ICU-AW on the 7th day after admission and on the day of ICU discharge; modified Barthel index score on the day of ICU discharge; and duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU stay, and the length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups., Results: Twenty-nine and 27 patients in the control group and the intervention group respectively finally completed the study in dividually. There was no significant difference in gender, age, Barthel index score before 2 weeks of ICU admission, body mass index or acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) in ICU between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the MRC-Score, grip strength or incidence of ICU-AW on the 7th day after ICU admission between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the MRC-Score, grip strength and Barthel index score in the intervention group were significantly increased [MRC-Score: 55.97±8.43 vs. 46.32±7.36, grip strength (kg): 33.46±11.62 vs. 27.42±9.64, Barthel index score: 46.04±5.46 vs. 42.13±3.32, all P < 0.05], the incidence rate of ICU-AW was significantly decreased [7.4% (2/27) vs. 31.0% (9/29), P < 0.05], and duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU stay, the length of hospital stay were significantly shortened [duration of mechanical ventilation (days): 5.12±2.01 vs. 7.24±4.35, the length of ICU stay (days): 8.34±2.36 vs. 10.45±2.62, the length of hospital stay (days): 13.21±2.21 vs. 15.38±3.67, all P < 0.05]., Conclusions: Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation can effectively improve the muscle strength of COPD patients with mechanical ventilation and reduce the incidence of ICU-AW.

To compare the penetration-enhancing effect of cinnamon oil and its main components (cinnamaldehyde) on ibuprofen and their self-percutaneous absorption behavior in vitro. Firstly, cinnamon oil was extracted by steam distillation, then the compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the cinnamaldehyde content in cinnamon oil was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). With azone as positive control, ibuprofen as model drug, cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde as penetration enhancers (PE) were prepared and administered to the SD rat's abdominal skin. The penetration-enhancing effects of cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde and their own transdermal absorption properties were compared. The results showed that yield of cinnamon oil was (3.55±0.36)% ( n =3), and the cinnamaldehyde content in cinnamon oil was (73.48±0.21)% ( n =3). As compared with blank group, the enhancing rate (ER) of cinnamon oil, cinnamaldehyde, and azone was 3.56, 1.13, 2.47 respectively. The cumulative penetration rate of cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde monomer in 24 h was (63.30±0.98)%, (51.03±3.34)% ( n =4) respectively. The penetration-enhancing effect of cinnamon oil was significantly better than that of cinnamaldehyde, indicating the existence of muti-component synergy. The penetration rate of cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon oil was higher than that of cinnamaldehyde monomer, suggesting that a "pull effect" may be present., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)