Search

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.07.018

The graphene oxide was prepared via one step under low-temperature with natural flake graphite as raw material. Factors affecting oxidation degree and layer spacing of graphene oxide were discussed in the process of low-temperature oxidation, such as the dosage of oxidant and oxidation time in system. The results indicate that high C-O bond and low defect structure (ID:IG=0.63) graphene oxide with the carbon and oxygen atom ratio of 1.98 can be prepared in the condition of the potassium permanganate with natural flake graphite mass ratio of 1:3, oxidation temperature of 0℃, oxidation time of 48h.This way avoids the increase of graphene oxide defects in the process of Hummers preparation due to the formation of CO2, which leads to the hexagon fracture and the absence of carbon atoms. After microwave reduction, the reduced graphene oxide with low defect is obtained, which the distance between defects(LD)is 12nm,the defect density(nD) is 2.21×1011cm-2 and the ratio of ID:IG is only 0.85 (ΓG=32.1cm-1).

BACKGROUND The traceability study of uranium ore concentrates plays an important role in nuclear forensics. By measuring the abundance ratios of lead and stontium isotopes, the results can provide some geographical indication information for traceability. OBJECTIVES To achieve the separation of large amounts of uranium from trace lead and strontium and to establish a set of methods for separating lead and strontium from uranium ore concentrate, while providing technical support for the establishment of a lead and strontium isotopes database in uranium ore concentrate. METHODS Based on Eichrom Sr resin's adsorption properties for lead and strontium, the main factors (acidity, current velocity and volume) affecting the recovery of lead and strontium were optimized by orthogonal testing. The best washing conditions have been determined. The combination of UTEVA resin and Eichrom Sr resin can effectively reduce uranium content in lead and strontium eluent and thus reduce the matrix effect. RESULTS The results show that the recovery of lead and strontium is more than 90% and the uranium content in lead and strontium eluent is less than 500ng, an improvement on the reported value of 48.8μg. CONCLUSIONS The actual uranium ore concentrate samples were measured by this method. The results show that the lead and strontium isotope abundance ratios can be used as the geographical traceability criteria for uranium ore concentrates, providing a technique for the future establishment of lead and strontium isotope databases for uranium ore concentrates.

According to the characteristics of the Flexible job shop scheduling problem the minimum makespan as measures we proposed a distributed particle swarm optimization algorithm aiming to solve flexible job shop scheduling problem. The algorithm adopts the method of distributed ideas to solve problems and we are established for two multi agent particle swarm optimization model in this algorithm it can solve the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm when making decisions in real time according to the emergencies. Finally some benthmark problems were experimented and the results are compared with the traditional algorithm. Experimental results proved that the developed distributed PSO is enough effective and efficient to solve the FJSP and it also verified the reasonableness of the multi}gent particle swarm optimization model.

To establish a system for rapid identification of millet gene functions, in this study, we compared the effects of explants from different foxtail millet cultivars, the concentrations of acetyleugenone, bacterial solution, and co-culture time on the hairy root induction mediated by Agrobacteria rhizogenes strain K599. When the shoot tips were infected with bacterial solution 0.5 optical density (OD) and containing 100 µmol L-1 acetyleugenone, and co-cultured for three days, the induction efficiency of hairy roots reached to 80.24%. Using this system, we analyzed the transformation efficiency of the hairy roots, the subcellular localization of SiDVL1and SiDVL3, and gene functions of SiNHX2, SiCBL4, and SiCBL7. The PCR results of GFP gene and GFP fluorescence microscopic observation indicated that the transformation efficiency of the hairy roots was over 70%. The subcellular localization of SiDVL1 and SiDVL3 was similar in millet hairy-root and tobacco epidermal cells. Simultaneously, the survival rates of SiNHX2, SiCBL4, and SiCBL7 transgenic millet were significantly higher than that of empty vector transformed millet. Therefore, our study established an efficient and rapid method to analyze the subcellular location and to identify the function of genes from foxtail millet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposed a design scheme of TFT-LCD display system with high gray levels which takes FPGA as core controller. The system uses mixed gray modulation method of amplitude-FRC-space, which segments 10 bit R, G, B signal into high 8 bit data and low 2 bit data, and the low 2 bit data processed by space process are assigned to four adjacent 8 bit data equally, then the 8 bit data are segmented into high 6 bit data and low 2 bit data, and the high 6 bit data are used for amplitude modulation, the low 2 bit data are used for FRC, so as to realize 1 024 gray levels display. The test result showed that the system has good display effect with high display gray levels.

A monzogranite dike cuts through the ludwigite orebody in the open pit of Wengquangou boron deposit, Liaodong Peninsula. Samples of the dike are collected for thin section and zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology analysis. The monzogranite dike is characterized by high SiO2 content (71.82%-75.68%) and high Na2O+K2O content (8.41%-10.57%), belonging to calc alkali-high K calc alkaline series granite. The zircon grains in the dikes are euhedral column in shape and dark in the CL image due to the high uranium content. The U-Pb upper intercept age is 1842±29 Ma, among which 9 testing points yield the weighted average age of 1842±30 Ma, indicating that the emplacement age of dike was Late Paleoproterozoic and the Wengquangou ludwigite deposit should be formed earlier. The age is consistent with the post-peak time of metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji orogeny, reflecting the boron mineralization occurred during the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of Astragalus on growth performance and muscle nutritional components of I. punctatus. A total of 600 I. punctatus with the body weight of (56.40 ± 1.60) g were randomly divided into four groups (G0, G1, G2 and G3 groups), with three replicates in each group and 50 fish in each replicate. The fish were fed with different proportions of Astragalus (0, 1%, 2% and .3%), respectively. The experiment lasted for 48 d. The results showed that WGR and SGR of I. punctatus in test groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), the fatness of I. punctatus in group G2, group G3 were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The muscle crude protein content in muscle of test groups adding Astragalus was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), the crude fat content in muscle of group G2, G3 were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that Astragalus can effectively improve the growth performance and muscle quality of fish by adding basic feed of I. punctatus, which is recommended to add 2% of Astragalus to achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six kinds of cosmetics, including cleanser, care cosmetics and makeup categories, and seven representative microorganisms were selected to conduct the partial equivalence study between amplified ATP bioluminescence assay and the detection method of aerobic bacterial count and molds and yeast count in Safety and Technical Standard for Cosmetics (2015th Edition). The seven representative microorganisms were inoculated into the six kinds of cosmetics at target concentrations of 10, 5, 1 and 0.1 CFU/g, respectively. Tests on each concentration were repeated five times. Fisher exact test statistical analysis show that the detection limit of amplified ATP bioluminescence assay is significantly better than that of the standard method (p=0.000 1). Seven representative strains grew well in the MTAT medium, and the results of artificially contaminated samples detected by the amplified ATP bioluminescence assay were all positive, indicating that the method has good specificity. Three different laboratories were selected to compare the two methods using the same samples, and no statistical difference was found in the results, indicating the method is reproducible (p>0.05). The enrichment media MTAT, prepared with selected brands of TAT base medium, were assessed using growth promotion, and their ATP test results were all positive, indicating that the method is has good durability. Therefore, the amplified ATP bioluminescence assay is partially equivalent to the standard method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the unknown input observer (UIO) design issue for discrete-time switched systems with unknown inputs. First, a Lyapunov-type equivalent representation of observer matching condition for a general discrete-time system is given and proved. Then, based on the stability theory of discrete-time switched system without unknown inputs, a reduced-order observer is developed for a discrete-time switched system with unknown inputs. The reduced-order observer can eliminate the influences of the unknown inputs directly because of the special selection of the observer gain matrix determined by matrix block computation. Meanwhile, an algebraic unknown input reconstruction method is proposed. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugating the EDC activated fluorescent microspheres with antibody to prepare the fluorescence chromatographic strip for simultaneous detection of tPSA and fPSA. The performance analysis and methodological comparison for the test strip were further performed. The results showed that the sensitivity for PSA and fPSA detection by the test strip were 0.08 ng/mL and 0.06 ng/mL, respectively. The coefficient of variation within and between groups was less than 10% and 15%, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 95% to 105%. The specificity of the test strip was well. The results revealed a good correlation between self-prepared test strip and electrochemiluminescence detection, which could satisfy the needs of aided diagnosis of small- scale hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to quantitatively simulate and analyze the impact on the quality of the remote sensing system from factors such as platform jitter, electronic properties, and atmospheric attenuation, it is necessary to compute the modulate transfer function (MTF) of the remote sensing system and operate it in simulation images. However, because of the characteristics of big data in remote sensing image simulation and a number of intensive algorithms involved in the computing of MTF degradation, calculating efficiency becomes the bottleneck problem. Thus, according to the existing MTF calculation model, we analyze the general process of the MTF degradation of remote sensing simulated images and the complexity of the main steps in the algorithm. Based on this, we propose a CPU-GPU collaboration based computing parallel algorithm for the MTF degradation of remote sensing simulation images. Experimental results show that the algorithm can make full use of the parallel computing capacity of GPUs and improve the computation efficiency of the MTF degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean plants could establish symbiosis and fix nitrogen with different rhizobial species in the genera of Sinorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. Studies on the symbiotic matching between soybean cultivars and different rhizobial species are theoretically and practically important for selecting effective strains used to inoculate the plants and improve the soybean production and quality. A total of 27 strains were isolated and purified from a soil sample of Huanghuaihai area by using the soybean cultivar Luhang No.1, a protein rich cultivar grown in that area, as the trapping plants. These strains were identified as members of Sinorhizobium (18 strains) and Bradyrhizobium (9 strains) based on the sequence analysis of housekeeping gene recA. Two representative strains (Sinorhizobium fredii S6 and Bradyrhizobium sp. S10) were used to inoculate the seeds of Luhang No.1 alone or mixed, in pots filled with vermiculite or soil, and in the field trial to investigate their effects on soybean growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation activity, yield, contents of protein and oil in seeds. The results demonstrated that strain S6 showed better effects on growth promotion, yield of seeds and seed quality than strain S10. Thus strain S6 was finally regarded as the effective rhizobium matching to soybean Luhuang No.1, which could be the candidate as a good inoculant for planting the soybean Luhuang No.1 at a large scale in the Huanghuaihai area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem that the deviation between the ship-borne radar optical axis and mechanical axis can not be calibrated accurately in dynamic sea condition, this paper proposes a new method to calibrate the ship-borne radar's optical-mechanical axis non-parallelism by calibrating TV reverse method aiming calibration target on mast in dynamic sea condition, analyzes possible error sources of the method, confirms that the parallax error is the largest error source of the reverse optical-mechanical axis non-parallelism calibration method and gives three solutions to decrease or avoid the parallax error, namely intelligent selection method, comparative method and least square method. The comparative method is used to correct calibration data and the calibration accuracy is better than 10". Tests show that the method improves the calibration accuracy by solving the technical problem of how to correct parallax error at short range, features high operability and high accuracy, and has high practical value for ship-borne radars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of torque pulsation and inconstant inverter switching frequency in the traditional direct torque control system, the mathematical model and the direct torque control method of permanent magnet synchronous motor were studied. A direct torque control system scheme based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) was presented to adopting the expected voltage vector calculation unit to replace the hysteresis comparator of conventional direct torque system, so that the expected voltage vector can reduce the current of stator flux and torque ripple would be obtained. In order to realize the motor control, the expected voltage vector was converted to the actual voltage vector by using the SVPWM technology. The simulation model of the direct torque control system based on the space vector modulation was built in the Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results indicate that the system can obtain small flux and torque pulsation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method was proposed to skip the look-ahead samples in this paper. Firstly, the method used the covariance algorithm to calculate the linear prediction (LP) coefficients. Secondly, LP coefficients were utilized to produce the new samples. Finally, the new samples were used to replace the look-ahead samples. To evaluate the voice quality, the objective evaluation and subjective evaluation were designed respectively and the complexity test was calculated. Experiments show that the reconstructed quality of the proposed method is near to the original AMR codec, and the delay of the proposed method is lower 5 ms than the original method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes of liver pathology, serum cytokines IFN-ɣ, IL-10 and HBV DNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) before and after treatment with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV). Methods A total of 18 CHB paienls were enrolled and treated with adefovir dipivoxil for 48 weeks. The levels of cytokines IFN-ɣ and IL-10 before and after treatment were assessed by ELISA. The liver tissue was dyed with HE dyeing, Masson dyeing, Nets dyeing and VG dyeing. The HBV DNA level of serum was detected by real-ime fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results The levels of cytokines IFN-ɣ and IL-10 in CHB patients before ADV treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 48-week treatment with ADV, the levels of cytokines IFN-ɣ and IL-10 were significantly higher than those before (P<0. 05). The levels of cytokines IFN-ɣ and IL-10 in CHB patients after ADV treatment were lower than those in the control group, but only the difference in IFN-ɣ was significant (P<0.05). After 48-week treatment, the levels of serum ALT and HBV DNA were significantly lower than those before (P<0. 05). Liver pathology was improved after 48-week ADV treatment; especially inflammation of the liver tissue was obviously improved, the difference between before and after treatment was significant (P<0. 05). Fibrosis degree of the liver tissue was improved, without significant difference between before and after treatment. After ADV treatment, higher level of IFN-ɣ was found in the group whose liver issue inflammation was obvious (G≽3 level) before ADV treatment than the other group whose liver issue inflammation was not obvious (G≼2 level); the difference between before and after treatment was sigmficant (P<0.05). The negative rate of serum HBV DNA was 88. 89% in the former group and 55.56% in the latter, respectively, but without significant difference (P >0.05). Conclusion ADV may improve the unbalanced expresiion of cytokines IFN-ɣ and IL-10 and ameliorate the immunity of CHB patients . The therapeutic effect will be much better if inflammation of the liver tissue is obvious before treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To explore an effective method to construct and validate a finite element model of the unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) craniomaxillary complex with sutures, which could be applied in further three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS: One male patient aged 9 with left complete lip and palate cleft was selected and CT scan was taken at 0.75mm intervals on the skull. The CT data was saved in Dicom format, which was, afterwards, imported into Software Mimics 10.0 to generate a three-dimensional anatomic model. Then Software Geomagic Studio 12.0 was used to match, smoothen and transfer the anatomic model into a CAD model with NURBS patches. Then, 12 circum-maxillary sutures were integrated into the CAD model by Solidworks (2011 version). Finally meshing by E -feature Biomedical Modeler was done and a three --dimensional finite element model with sutures was obtained. A maxillary protraction force (500 g per side, 20°downward and forward from the occlusal plane) was applied. Displacement and stress distribution of some important craniofacial structures were measured and compared with the results of related researches in the literature. RESULTS: A three-dimensional finite element model of UCLP craniomaxillary complex with 12 sutures was established from the CT scan data. This simulation model consisted of 206 753 individual elements with 260 662 nodes, which was a more precise simulation and a better representation of human craniomaxillary complex than the formerly available FEA models. By comparison, this model was proved to be valid. CONCLUSIONS: It is an effective way to establish the three-dimensional finite element model of UCLP cranio-maxillary complex with sutures from CT images with the help of the following softwares: Mimics 10.0, Geomagic Studio 12.0, Solidworks and E-feature Biomedical Modeler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of urbanization, total suspended particulate (TSP) pollution is getting serious, and the normal physiological processes of urban vegetation are profoundly affected while adsorbing and purifying the particulates. In this study, four areas were selected, i.e., Tingxi reservoir (clean control area), Xiamen University (cultural and educational area), Xianyue (business area), and Haicang (industrial area), with their atmospheric TSP concentrations and the photosynthetic parameters of street Mango (Mangifera indica) trees monitored in April and May, 2009. The daily average concentration of TSP in Tingxi, Xiamen University, Xianyue, and Haicang was 0.061, 0.113, 0.120 and 0.205 mg·m-3, respectively, and the impact of TSP stress on M. indica was in the sequence of Haicang > Xianyue > Xiamen University > Tingxi. TSP pollution negatively affected the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of M. indica, and induced intercellular CO2 concentration changed significantly. High TSP concentration could cause the decline of net photosynthetic rate via stomatal limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the 1987-2007 Landsat TM/ETM+ images of Jimei District in Xiamen City, and through the analysis of landscape indices on both patch- and landscape scales, this paper quantitatively studied the evolvement and spatiotemporal characteristics of the unique landscape pattern in the coastal peri-urban area. The evolvement of the landscape pattern in the area had the characters of rapid, instable, heterogeneous, and transitional. In 1987-2007, the land area for urban construction increased from 2.7 km² to 29.1 km², with an average annual growth rate of 13%, but still was not the predominant landscape. The rapid expansion of urban construction land was mainly through occupying farmland and absorbing rural settlements, which showed the character of "enclave" and resulted in a complex space form. In the same period, the land area for rural construction increased by 2.3 times, with an average annual growth rate of 6.2%, and the expansion of the rural construction land had the characters of out-of-order and dispersive. 42% of the farmland was depleted by the urban and rural sprawl, resulting in its fragmentation. Under the effects of urbanization, the overall landscape pattern of the peri-urban area tended to be fragmentized and heterogeneous, because of the rapid and complicated landscape change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the non-stationary characteristics of the network delay, a new adaptive playout algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed. This algorithm uses wavelet transform to decompose the non-stationary delay series into several stationary components, and then all these components are predicted by, auto regressive(AR) models with different adaptation rates. Subsequently, the final end-to-end delay is obtained by wavelet reconstruction with the predicted components. Simulation results showed that the prediction precision of the new algorithm is about 5~14 dB higher than that of the conventional AR algorithm, and about 1.5~5 dB higher than that of the latest differential auto regressive (DIAR) algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a 2.4 kbit/s characteristic waveform interpolation (CWI) speech coding algorithm based on Haar wavelet lifting. CWI amplitude spectrum obtained from discrete time Fourier series (DTFS) is firstly converted to discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients, which are then decomposed and reconstructed by Haar wavelet lifting. Voiced degree is decided by the mean value of phase spectrum distances and pitch cycle prediction. It is used to select suitable phase model and the selective quantization of DCT coefficients. Subjective A-B listening test showed that the quality of the proposed speech coder is better than that of the traditional 3.8 kbit/s CWI coder. The problem of long-delay CW decomposition and reconstruction with traditional wavelet transform is also solved by the Haar wavelet lifting scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scalable variable rate characteristic waveform interpolation (CWI) speech coding algorithm is proposed based on wavelet transform (WT). The 2-D characteristic waveform surface is decomposed into several spaces with different time-frequency resolution, which serves as the enhancement layers of scalable CWI coding scheme. The basic layer only contains linear prediction parameters, pitch cycle and power normalized factors. The scalable WT-CWI coder obtains variable bit rate. MUSHRA subjective listening test showed that with the coding rate increasing from 1.8 kbit/s to 3.6 kbit/s, the basic layer of the proposed scalable variable rate CWI coder outputs acceptable speech quality and the enhancement layers improved the speech quality in turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reconstruct 2-D defect profile from magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signals, a dual wavelet neural network iteration model, including a forward model and an inverse model, based on radial wavelet basis function neural network was proposed. It iteratively adjusts the weights of the inverse network to minimize the error between the measured and predicted MFL signals. The network can be trained respectively by the same training samples from measurement and FEM calculation. To improve the network's adaptability and accuracy, a novel training algorithm was proposed. Firstly, confirm the optimal number of layers, and then update the weights based on the conjugate gradient algorithm. The reconstruction results in different resolutions and SNRs indicate that the method is rapid, accurate and robust, and it is effective and feasible for reconstruction of 2-D defects comparing with other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taipu River is a river spanning two provinces and one city in a demonstration area in the Yangtze River Delta on an ecologically friendly developmentand an important water source in the upper reaches of the Huangpu River in Shanghai. To understand the multi-media distribution characteristics, pollution status, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the Taipu River, the contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) in the sediments of Taipu River were analyzed, and the pollution status and potential ecological risk were evaluated using the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index methods. In addition, the health risk assessment model was used to assess the health risk of heavy metals in surface water of Taipu River. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Mn, and Ni in the surface water of Taipu River exceeded the class Ⅲ water limit at the upstream point in spring; the concentrations of Sb exceeded the class Ⅲ water limit at all points in winter; the average value of As exceeded the class Ⅲ water limit in overlying water during the wet season; and the average values of As and Cd exceeded the class Ⅲ water limit in pore water during the wet season. The health risk assessment of surface water implied that both adults and children had higher health risk in spring and lower health risk in other seasons. The health risk of children was significantly higher than that of adults, and it mainly came from chemical carcinogenic heavy metal elements As, Cd, and Cr. The average contents of Co, Mn, Sb, and Zn in Taipu River sediments in the four seasons all exceeded the Shanghai soil baseline; the average contents of As, Cr, and Cu in summer, autumn, and winter exceeded the Shanghai soil baseline; and the average contents of Cd, Ni, and Pb in summer and winter exceeded the Shanghai soil baseline. The evaluation results of the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution degree of the middle reaches of Taipu River was higher than that of the upper and lower reaches, and the Sb pollution was more serious. The potential ecological risk index method revealed that the Taipu River sediment was at a low risk. Cd had a high contribution in both the wet and dry seasons and could be regarded as the main heavy metal of potential ecological risk in the Taipu River sediment.

The stability of internal fixation of femoral neck fractures can be obtained through surgical techniques, the configuration of screws and bone grafting, etc. However, the blood supply injury caused by fractures could not be completely reversed by the current medical management. Hence, the comprehensive evaluation of the residual blood supply of the femoral neck, to perioperatively avoid further iatrogenic injury, has become a hotspot. The anatomy of the extraosseous blood supply of the femoral neck has been widely reported, while its clinical application mostly involved the assessment of the medial circumflex femoral artery and retinacular arteries. However, further studies are needed to explore the prognosis of patients with these artery injuries, with different degrees, caused by femoral neck fractures. Direct observations of nutrient foramina in vivo are not possible with current clinical technologies, but it is possible to make reasonable preoperative planning to avoid subsequent femoral head necrosis based on the distribution features of nutrient foramina. The anatomy and clinical application studies of the intraosseous blood supply focused on the junction area of the femoral head and neck to probe the mechanism of femoral head necrosis. Thus, the intraosseous blood supply of other regions in the femoral neck remains to be further investigated. In addition, a blood supply evaluation system based on a three-level structure, extraosseous blood vessels, nutrient foramina, and intraosseous vascular network, could be explored to assist in the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Xianfang Huoming Decoction (XHD) improving sperm motility in mice with asthenospermia (AS)., Methods: Thirty normal BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, blank control, AS model control, low-dose XHD, medium-dose XHD, high-dose XHD and levocarnitine + vitamin E (LC+VE). The AS model was established in the latter five groups by injection of methotrexate at 0.5 mg/kg once a week, and the mice in the blank control group were injected with the same volume of normal saline, all for 8 weeks. From the ninth week, the animals in the blank control and AS model control groups were treated with PBS at 0.1 ml/d, those in the low-, medium- and high-dose XHD groups with XHD at 7.13, 14,2 and 28.52 g/kg/ d respectively, and those in the LC+VE group with LC+VE (30:1) at 0.55 g/kg/d, all for 4 weeks. Then, the bilateral epididymides were harvested from all the mice for preparation of a sperm suspension and observation of the total numbers of sperm and motile sperm. The testis tissues were obtained for to determination of the expressions of Nrf-2- and HO-1-related mRNA and proteins by fluorescence staining, RT-PCR and Western blot., Results: Compared with the AS model controls, the mice treated with low-, medium- and high-dose XHD showed dramatically increased sperm concentration (［22.36 ± 16.02］ vs ［39.04 ± 4.50］, ［40.76 ± 6.57］ and ［41.04 ± 8.39］ ×10⁶/ml, P < 0.01) and motility (［22.89 ± 14.96］% vs ［47.98 ± 4.74］%, ［48.53 ± 6.03］% and ［49.31 ± 6.24］%, P< 0.01), decreased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (［16.82 ± 14.96］% vs ［12.08 ± 3.26］%, ［10.77 ± 2.21］% and ［9.56 ± 2.08］%, P< 0.01), and up-regulated expressions of Nrf-2- and HO-1-related mRNA and proteins in the testis tissue (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Xianfang Huoming Decoction inhibits the development of oxidative stress by up-regulating the expressions of Nrf-2- and HO-1-related mRNA and proteins in the testis tissue, which has provided theoretical evidence for its clinical application in the treatment of asthenospermia.

Agricultural management techniques such as fertilizer or manure application have substantial influence on NH 3 and N 2 O emissions and, by understanding this influence, management strategies can be developed to reduce them. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Hunan Agricultural University during 2012 to 2013, to investigate effects of different fertilizers on NH 3 and N 2 O emissions. The treatments included control without fertilizer (CK), swine composting fertilizer (SC), stored swine manure fertilizer (SS), and chemical fertilizer (FC). The fluxes of NH 3 and N 2 O were collected by venting method and static-chamber method, respectively. The results showed that during the spinach growth season, compared with FC, loss of both NH 3 and N 2 O for SC were reduced by 52.9% and 95.12%, respectively( P <0.01). However, loss of NH 3 for SS increased by 24.8%, and loss of N 2 O reduced by 48.8% compared with FC. Loss rate of NH 3 were SS (10.97%) > FC (4.19%) > SC(2.74%), and emission coefficient for N 2 O were FC(4.50%) > SC(2.21%) > SS(0.60%). Yield and utilization of nitrogen for SC were reduced by 19.61% and 13.20% compared with FC, respectively, but not significantly; and significantly reduced by 27.9% and 40.0% compared with SS, respectively. Loss of gases (NH 3 and N 2 O) for SC were 1.83%, which was the lowest, while utilization of nitrogen for SC was 13.20%, similar with FC. Greenhouse temperature was not the critical factor during the spinach planting in winter, but soil water was. Therefore, optimizing manure management could reduce ammonia volatilization and N 2 O emission loss without decreasing vegetables production, and the present data indicated that SC would be optimal for better yields with reduced ammonia volatilization and N 2 O emission loss.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of the donor semen in Chongqing Human Sperm Bank and the influence of age on semen parameters., Methods: We collected semen samples from 899 donors in Chongqing Human Sperm Bank and divided them into five groups according to the age of the semen donors: 22－25, 26－30, 31－35, 36－40, and >40 years old. Using the Makler Counting Chamber, we measured the semen volume, percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS), total motile sperm, sperm concentration, total sperm count per ejaculate, and percentage of morphologically normal sperm (MNS). Then, we compared the semen parameters obtained with the fifth percentile and median reference values published in the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen-5th Ed (WHO 5th Ed) and among different age groups using the Kruskall-Wallis H test., Results: The semen volume (1.8 ml), sperm concentration (25.0 × 10⁶/ml), total sperm count (100.7 × 106/ejaculate) and MNS (4.3%) in the semen samples of the 899 donors were obviously higher than the fifth percentile values published in the WHO 5th Ed, and so were the first three parameters (4.0 ml, 88.0 × 10⁶/ml, and 333.7 × 106/ejaculate) than the WHO median reference values. PMS (31.0%) and total motile (38.0%) were lower than the WHO fifth percentile values and so was MNS (11.6%) than the WHO median reference value. PMS (55.0%) and total motile sperm (61.0%), however, were coincident with the median reference values of WHO 5th Ed. Statistically significant differences were observed among the 22－25, 26－30, 31－35, 36－40 and >40 years old groups in perm concentration (88.0 ［1.0－270.0］ vs 96.0 ［5.0－335.0］ vs 100.0 ［3.0－200.0］ vs 105 ［15.0－225.0］ vs 90.0 ［22.0－159.0］ × 10⁶/ml, P < 0.05), but not in the semen volume, PMS, total sperm motility, total sperm count or MNS (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The donor semen in Chongqing Human Sperm Bank is generally of high quality. Sperm concentration significantly increases with age but decreases in men aged >40 years.

Objective: To explore the feasibility and clinical effect of posterior spinal canal decompression with pedicle screw fixation and reconstruction of anterior and middle vertebral column for thoracolumbar burst fractures complicated with nerve injury., Methods: A total of 36 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated from March 2011 to April 2016 were enrolled in the retrospective study. There were 20 males and 16 females, aged from 21 to 52 years old with an average of 37.6 years. All the fractures were located on a single segment, 8 cases of T11₁₁, 10 cases of T₁₂, 12 cases of L₁, 6 cases of L₂. According to thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score(TLICS) system, the score was 7 to 9 points, with an average of 7.4 points. According to the America Spine Injury Association(ASIA) grade, 4 cases were type A, 10 cases were type B, 14 cases were type C, 8 cases were type D. All the patients underwent posterior spinal canal decompression with pedicle screw fixation and reconstruction of anterior and middle vertebral column. The recovery of nerve function was evaluated by ASIA grading. The correction of kyphosis(Cobb angle), the volume change of injuried spinal canal, the change of anterior border height of injury vertebra which can be observed by X-rays;the internal fixation loosening and breakage and all the information of bone fusion were recorded., Results: All the operations were successful, the mean operative time and intraoperative blood loss were(2.8±0.3) h (2.1 to 3.5 h) and (880±120) ml(550 to 1 350 ml), respectively. All the incisions got primary healing. All the patients were followed up for 12 to 28 months with an average of 18.4 months. All the patients obtained satisfactory bone fusion. No pseudoarticulation formation was found, and there was no loosening, breakage of pedicle screws or displacement of titanium mesh. Neurological function was improved in different degree, except in one patient with grade A and another one with grade B. According to the ASIA grade, there were 1 case of type A, 1 case of type B, 7 cases of type C, 10 cases of type D and 17 cases of type E, postoperatively. At 3 days after operative, the anterior border height of injury vertebra, Cobb angle and the volume changes of injury spinal canal were obviously improved( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between postoperative at 3 days and final follow-up( P >0.05)., Conclusions: Spinal canal decompression with screw fixation and reconstruction of anterior and middle vertebral column through posterior midline approach is a safe and effective method in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with nerve injury, it is worthy to be popularized. It can complete the spinal canal decompression of 360 degree, reduction of fractures and reconstruction of vertebral three-column at the same time through a single posterior approach. The advantages includes less trauma, perfect decompression, good stability and etc., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

The impacts of reactive nitrogen (Nr) on the environment significantly increase with population and rapid urbanization. In order to study gaseous Nr and Nr loads to waterbodies at the provincial scale, we established anthropogenic emission inventories in prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province and analyzed the changes in Nr emissions for the years 2000, 2005, and 2010. The total Nr emissions were calculated as 538.4, 587.0, and 620.0 Gg in those three years, respectively. The emissions of Nr increased in nine prefecture-level cities except in Zhangzhou. Among these nine cities, Putian is the fastest growing one. The largest emitters were Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, while Ningde and Xiamen were the smallest ones. Agricultural ecosystems and livestock were the main sources of Nr emissions, both of them accounting for more than 90% of total anthropogenic Nr emissions. Despite rapid growth, energy activities had a minor contribution to total Nr emissions. The per area Nr emissions of each prefecture-level city were highest in Xiamen in the southeast coastal area and lowest in Sanming located in the northwest inland region in 2010. However, the patterns of GDP, population, and emission intensities showed the opposite trends to per area Nr emissions, lowest in Xiamen and highest in Nanping. We further discussed the significance of Nr emissions reductions in different areas based on the analysis of the characteristics of Nr emission sources in prefecture-level cities. The results provide a scientific basis for reducing Nr emissions in Fujian Province and its prefecture-level cities.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of high-dose ulinastatin on the vital organs in patients undergoing total arch replacement for type A aortic dissection., Methods: Between September 2014 and March 2016, 66 patients with type A aortic dissection underwent total arch replacement at our center. Thirty-six of the patients received ulinastatin treatment at 300 000 U/8 h from admission to 3 days postoperatively and at 300 000 U/2 h during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (UTI group), and the other 30 patients did not receive perioperative ulinastatin treatment (control group). The surgical data and blood biochemistry profiles on days 1, 3, and 5 postoperatively were compared between the two groups, and the postoperative ICU stay, re-operation for bleeding, ventilation for over 7 days, ultrafiltration for postoperative renal failure, tracheotomy, incidences of pulmonary and neurological complications and hospital death were also compared., Results: s The operating time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, ACP time, cardiac arrest time, the lowest rectal temperature and frequency of bilateral and unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with those in the control group, patients in UTI group had lower lactate, S-100 and neuron specific enolase levels on the first postoperative day and higher OI on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days (P<0.05), but serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase levels were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). No significant differences were found in the frequency of re-operation for bleeding, ultrafiltration for renal failure, tracheotomy, neurological complications or hospital death after the operation between the two groups, but the patients in UTI group had a shorter ICU time, a less frequent long-term ventilation and a lower incidence of pulmonary infection (P<0.05)., Conclusion: High-dose ulinastatin offers protection on pulmonary function and lowers the specific brain injury markers in patients with type A aortic dissection after total arch replacement, but its protective effects on brain is uncertain.

Objective: To explore the method and the therapeutic effect of the free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap with the tensor fascia lata for one-stage repair of soft tissues defects at the dorsum of hands (feets)., Method: Between Jan.2010 and Dec.014,8 patients with finger (toe) extensor tendon and dorsal foot defect were treated with anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap. The defect area ranged from 6 cm ×5cm to 18 cm× 10cm.All of the soft tissues defects at the dorsum of hands (feets) combined with tendon colobomam. The free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap (ranged from 8 cm × 7cm to 20 cm × 12cm) were applied for one-stage repair of the soft tissues defects. The anterolateral thigh flap was used to repair defect and fascia lata was used to bridge two ends of digitorum longus tendon. The defects at donor sites were sutured directly or repaired with the split-thickness skin graft.2-3 months after the surgery, tenolysis for tendon was performed, and fascia lata was split into tendon-like shape and the finger (toe) functional exercises were done., Results: All flaps survived completely after the first stage.Postoperative follow-up time was 6-12 months (average,8 months).Except 4 flaps with somewhat swelling, the other flaps had satisfactory appearance with soft texture. During the follow-up, part of the dorsiflexion function of hand recovered in 3 patients (5°-40°),and flexion function was normal;5 patients with soft tissues defects at the dorsum of foots could walk normally with no toe ptosis., Conclusions: Application of the free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap with the tensor fascia lata can repair soft tissues defects at the dorsum of hands (feets) combined with tendon colobomam. It can repair soft tissues defect combined with finger (toe) extensor tendon defects. Excellent clinical results can be achieved with short treatment time and less damage to the donor site.

In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of stormwater runoff in the southern developed rural region, the runoff samples were collected from four different underlying surfaces during three storm events in Caoqiao and Pujia Tou, which are two typical villages and are located in Yuhang District of Hangzhou. The content of nutrition (nitrogen and phosphorus) and heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, Pb) in the simples were analyzed, and the difference of EMC ( event mean concentration) and pollution load of the contaminants in the runoff on different underlying surfaces were compared. The results showed that the EMC of TSS, COD, NH4(+)-N, TP and TN were 16.19, 21.01, 0.74, 1.39 and 2.39 mg x L(-1) in the Caoqiao, respectively; as to Pujia Tou, they were 3.10, 15.69, 0.90, 0.78 and 3.58 mg x L(-1), respectively. The content of heavy metals was all lower than the national surface water quality of two type water in the runoff. Compared with the quality standards for surface water, the EMC of TP was 9 times and 3. 5 times higher and TN was 1. 8 times and 1. 2 times higher in two areas. Besides, the pollution loads of TSS and COD were the highest in farmland.

Objective: To study the molecular genetic mechanism and genetic diagnosis of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PHD), and to provide a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal genetic diagnosis of PHD., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the 11 exons and exon junction of the PDHA1 gene from a child who was diagnosed with PHD based on clinical characteristics and laboratory examination results. The PCR products were sequenced to determine the mutation. An analysis of amino acid conservation and prediction of protein secondary and tertiary structure were performed using bioinformatic approaches to identify the pathogenicity of the novel mutation., Results: One novel duplication mutation, c.1111&#95;1158dup48bp, was found in the exon 11 of the PDHA1 gene of the patient. No c.1111&#95;1158dup48bp mutation was detected in the sequencing results from 50 normal controls. The results of protein secondary and tertiary structure prediction showed that the novel mutation c.1111 &#95;1158dup48bp led to the duplication of 16 amino acids residues, serine371 to phenylalanine386, which induced a substantial change in protein secondary and tertiary structure. The conformational change was not detected in the normal controls., Conclusions: The novel duplication mutation c.1111&#95;1158dup48bp in the PDHA1 gene is not due to gene polymorphisms but a possible novel pathogenic mutation for PHD.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and reducing mortality in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants., Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about probiotics for preventing NEC in preterm neonates were searched in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the ISI Web of Knowledge databases, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu and Wanfang Data from their establishment to March 2014. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.1 Software was used for a Meta analysis., Results: A total of 21 RCTs involving 4 607 preterm VLBW infants were eligible for inclusion in the Meta analysis. The Meta analysis showed that probiotic supplement was associated with a significantly decreased risk of NEC in preterm VLBW infants (RR=0.47; 95%CI: 0.35-0.62; P<0.001). Risk of mortality was also significantly reduced in the probiotic group (RR=0.63; 95%CI: 0.51-0.78; P<0.01). Probiotic supplement did not decrease the risk for sepsis (RR=0.87; 95%CI: 0.72-1.06; P=0.17) and NEC related mortality (RR=0.68; 95%CI: 0.31-1.48, P=0.33)., Conclusions: The results confirm that probiotic supplement can reduce risk of NEC and mortality in preterm VLBW infants. However, the long-term effects and safety of probiotics need to be assessed in large trials.

N2O emissions from seven categories of Anhui croplands in 2011 were estimated by using a regional nitrogen cycling model IAP-N. The required statistical data were from each city's statistical yearbook in Anhui Province. The emission factors were from the published field data. The results showed that total N2O emissions from Anhui croplands in 2011 were 35. 1 thousand ton, in which direct and indirect N2O emissions were, respectively, 27. 6 thousand ton and 6. 6 thousand ton, and N2O emission from residues/straws burning in the field was 800 ton. Huaibei Plain (Region I) and Jianghuai Hilly (Region II) were the main contribution regions in Anhui, accounting for 41% and 35% of its regional total N2O emissions, respectively. The most important source for direct N2O emission is the year round upland fields with 74% contribution of the province total direct N2O emission. The second important source in Region II and Region III is upland cropping season of the rotation fields with rice and upland-crops, accounting for 19% and 14% , respectively. While in Region IV, the second direct N2O emission sources are tea gardens and orchards, accounting for 22%. About two-thirds of the indirect N2O were from atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The results can provide a scientific basis for policy makers to make agricultural soils GHG mitigation measures in Anhui Province, such as reasonable use of fertilizers.

The published articles of the Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases in 2009-2012 (including original articles, experimental researches, field researches and clinical researches) were statistically analyzed. Together 258 research papers were published in the 4 years, and funded papers occupied 82.2% (212/258). The number of papers funded by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 foundations projects was 116, 58, 29, 7 and 2, respectively. 61.8% (131/212) of the foundations projects were at the national level; 28.3% (60/212) were at provincial and ministerial level. The papers supported by academy and international agencies accounted for 7.1% (15/212), 2.8% (6/212), respectively. The funded thesis mainly referred to schistosomiasis (35, 16.5%), cystic echinococcosis (29, 13.7%), malaria (24, 11.3%), toxoplasmosis (22, 10.4%), and cysticercosis (9, 4.2%). Five fields covered in these papers were as follows: epidemiology (29, 13.7%), immunology and diagnosis (53, 25%), molecular biology (75, 35.4%), etiology (28,13.2%), and pharmacology (24, 11.3%). The ratio of founded paper was 0.70, 0.67, 0.74, and 0.65 during 2009-2012, respectively. The high ratio of founded paper indicated that this journal is with domestic and abroad importance in the field of parasitology.

Swine manure solid storage is a typical management in rural area of China. In order to investigate the characteristics of NH3, N2O and NO emissions during manure storage in winter (Nov., 2012 to Feb., 2013), two treatments were conducted: non-covered (NC) and covered (C) with straws, and each treatment had three times of pile-turning during the 73 days storage. The emission fluxes of three nitrogen gases (NH3, N2O and NO) were measured and the profile-N2O concentrations inside the swine pile profile and in the soil under the pile were also measured. The results indicated that 2.1%-2.6%, 0.02% and -0.000 25% of total nitrogen were lost in the form of NH3, N2O and NO respectively during the whole swine manure solid storage. The nitrogen gases in the two treatments had the same variation characteristics, but all the nitrogen gases were reduced in the covered treatment. In the early storage stage, NH3 emission peak occurred first and then the emissions of N2O and NO started increasing. In the middle storage stage, the emissions of NH3 and NO showed mutual growth and decline trend. In the late storage stage, N2O emission peak was twice higher than that in the early stage, while NH3 and NO emissions showed a slight increase. Before and after pile-turning operation, NH3 emission had little change, but N2O emission was decreasing and NO emission was rising after pile-turning.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from vegetable land is of great concern recently because agriculture land is one of the major sources contributing to global GHG emission. In this study, an experiment of Lactuca sativa L. land applied with different animal manure composts was carried out in a greenhouse vegetable land located in the surburb of Beijing to monitor the emission of GHG (CH4 and N2O) and ammonia in situ, and to analyze the affecting factors of GHG and ammonia emission. Results showed that the emission factors (EFs) of CH4 from Treatment NRM, RM and CF were 0.2%, 0.027% and 0.004%, respectively,the EFs of N2O from these three treatments were 0.18%, 0.63% and 0.74%, respectively, and the EFs of ammonia were 2.00%, 3.98% and 2.53%, respectively. CH4 emission flux was significantly affected by soil temperature and humidity, while N2O emission flux was related to soil temperature, surface temperature and humidity. The emission fluxes of CH4, N2O and NH3 were significantly affected by soil moisture, but there was little relation between CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions and the ambient temperature in the greenhouse.

It is of great concern for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction of animal manure management in China due to the extreme lack of GHG emission data during animal manure composting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of turning frequency on the emission of GHG (CH4, N2O) and NH3 during swine manure windrow composting through on-site observation of a full scale test in Beijing. Results showed that the turning frequency had significant impacts on the emission of both GHG and ammonia, which did not only increase the emission of GHG and ammonia, but also increased the percentage of total nitrogen loss due to NH3 emission (42.2% at turning once a week and 70.05% at turning twice a week, respectively). Compared with N2O emission, CH4 emission was the main contributor to Global Warming Potentials (GWPs).

The published articles at the Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases in 2009-2012 were statistically analyzed. Among 547 papers published in the four years, original articles occupied 45.3% (248/547). The number of authors was 2712, with an average cooperation degree of 5.0, and the co-authorship accounted for 95.4% of the papers. Authors were mainly from colleges/universities (51.9%, 284/547), institutions for disease control (34.4%, 188/547) and hospitals health centers (13.7%, 75/547). The average publishing delay was 212, 141, 191 and 207 d in 2009-2012. Statistical analysis reflected the characteristics and academic level for improving the quality of the journal, and revealed the latest development and trends.