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OBJECTIVE: To probe into the efficacy and safety of apatinib mesylate combined with etoposide in the treatment of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. METHODS: A total of 115 patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer admitted into the hospital from Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2021 were prospectively extracted as the research objects. According to the random number table method, all patients were divided into the treatment group 1 (n = 38), treatment group 2 ( n = 38) and treatment group 3 ( n = 39). Treatment group 1 was treated with oral apatinib mesylate, treatment group 2 was given oral etoposide, and treatment group 3 received apatinib mesylate combined with etoposide. The efficacy, CA125 level and adverse drug reactions of three groups were compared for 6 cycles of treatment, and the progression-free survival time was recorded during follow-up. RESULTS: The isochronous rank sum test showed that there was statistically significant difference in the efficacy of three groups (χ² = 15. 789, P< 0. 05), and the CBR and ORR of treatment group 3 were significantly higher than those of the treatment group 1 and the treatment group 2 ( χ² were 7. 546 and 11. 871 respectively, P<0. 05). Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences in the point-in-time, between-group, and between-group interactions of CA125 levels among three groups (P<0. 05). Results of the two comparisons showed that there was no statistically significant difference in CA125 levels among three groups before treatment (P>0. 05), and the CA125 level in treatment group 3 after treatment was lower than that in treatment group 2 and treatment group 1, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). The CA125 levels of three groups after treatment were significantly lower than those of the same group before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions among three groups (P > 0. 05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the progression-free survival time of treatment group 3 was longer than that of treatment group 2 and treatment group 1, the difference was statistically significant (χ² = 18. 552, P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Apatinib mesylate combined with etoposide has better efficacy in the treatment of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer, which can effectively reduce the CA125 levels, without increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of actinomycin D（ACT), methotrexate（MTX), ACTD + MTX，and bleomycin，etoposide and cisplatin（BEP）in the treatment of low-risk trophoblastic neoplasia（LR-GTN） with a score of 5-6 points graded by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics（FIGO）. Methods Totally 42 patients with LR-GTN with a score of 5-6 points graded by FIGO were divided into the MTX group（n=9) ACTD group（n =10），MTX+ACTD group（n=14），and BEP group（n=9). Patients in the MTX group were injected with 0. 4 mg/（Kg· d）MTX intramuscularly for 5 consecutive days with the interval of 2 weeks. Patients in the ACTD group were instilled with 10-12 μg/（Kg·d）ACTD intravenously for 5 consecutive days with the interval of 2 weeks. Patients in the MTX+ ACTD group were instilled with 8 μg/（Kg·d）ACTD in 500 mL 5% glucose injection intravenously for 5 consecutive days，and were injected with 25 mg MTX into the cervix uteri 3 times in total with the interval of 2 weeks. The BEP group was treated with BEP regimen：patients were instilled with 1. 5 mg bleomycin intravenously for 3 days，100 mg/m² etoposide for 4 days, and 20 mg/m² cisplatin for 4 days with the interval of 3 weeks. We determined the efficacy in each group and recorded the occurrence of adverse reactions in each group. Results Patiehts in the MTX group, the ACTD group, the MTX+ACTD group and the BEP group were treated for 8（8，9), 8（8，9), 6（6，7), 6（6，7）courses respectively. The effective rates of treatment in the MTX group，ACTD group, MTX+ACTD group，and BEP group were 22. 2%（2/ 9），30. 0%（3/10），71. 4%（10/14), and 77. 8%（7/9）respectively. Compared with the ACTD group and the MTX group，the ACTD+MTX group and the BEP group had higher effective treatment rates（all P<0. 05）. Compared with the BEP group, the incidence of hair loss and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was lower in the ACTD+MTX group（all P< 0. 05）. Conclusions ACTD+MTX and BEP regimens have higher efficiency in patients with LR-GTN FIGO 5-6 points. Patients treated with ACTD+MTX regimen have less adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To prepare the etoposide chitosan micelle, and investigate the effect of chitosan on etoposide intestinal absorption. Methods The etoposide chitosan micelle was prepared by dialysis. The drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency were determined by HPLC. The intestine in rats was cannulated for in situ recirculation. The effects of different chitosan doses on the intestinal drug absorption and the effects of chitosan on the drug absorption at different intestinal locations were studied. Results The average particle size of etoposide chitosan micelle was 139.5 nm. The multi-dispersion coefficient was 0.569. The standard curve of etoposide was A = 8 436.8 C-4 963.8,r=1.000 0. The intra-and inter-day precision values meetthe requirement. The drug encapsulation efficiency was (47.3±2.84)% and drug loading efficiency was (1.10±1.27)%. With the increase of the chitosan concentration, the absorption capacity of the unit area in the whole intestine was increased in different degrees. Chitosan exhibits its effects on etoposide absorptionat different intestinal sections in the following order: ileum >jejunum >duodenum. Conclusion Chitosan promoted etoposide absorption induodenum, jejunum and ileum, especially in jejunum and ileum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the difference of curative effects between temozolomide combined with etoposide and temozolomide in the postoperative comprehensive treatment of adult high grade glioma. Methods 42 adult-patients with the high grade glioma, who received surgery, were divided randomly into two groups, the single drug group (only temozolomide) and the united drug group (temozolomide combined with etoposide). The progressive free survival (PFS) and adverse effects were observed retrospectively. Results The median PFS of the single drug group and the united drug group was 17.5 weeks and 24.4 weeks. The PFS-6 months of the single drug group and the united drug group was 31. 8%and 45.0%. So the PFS and PFS-6 months of the united drug group is obviously higher than that of the single drug group (P<0.05). Meanwhile adverse effects between this two groups had no obviously differences. Conclusion In the postoperative comprehensive treatment of adult high grade glioma, the curative effect of temozolomide combined with etoposide is better than temozolomide. The plan is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the efficiency and adverse effects of the effective EP (etoposide + cisplatin) therapy and its subsequent maintenance therapy with different durations in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods Clinical data of 104 SCLC patients diagnosed and treated at the Jilin Province Cancer Hospital between September 2010 and December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, 35 patients were subsequently treated with a 4-week maintenance therapy following the original therapeutic regimen after the effective EP therapy (4-week maintenance therapy group), 35 patients were treated with a subsequent 6-week maintenance therapy (6-week maintenance therapy group), and 34 patients were treated without maintenance therapy (control group).52 patients were in limited stage, and 52 patients were in extensive stage. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse effects in the 4-week maintenance therapy group, 6-week maintenance therapy group and control group were analyzed. Results The median PFS in the control group, 4-week maintenance therapy group and 6-week maintenance therapy group was 4.0, 3.5, and 4.0 months, respectively, and the median OS was 9.0, 10.0 and 12.0 months, respectively, showing no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05 for all). The median PFS was prolonged by 2 months as compared with the control group after the 4-week maintenance therapy in the patients with complete remission in first-line chemotherapy (P=0.041), while the median OS was not improved (P=0.131). Neither the median PFS nor median OS showed statistically significant difference between each two groups in the patients with partial remission in first-line chemotherapy (P>0.05 for all). In the limited stage, the median PFS in the control group, 4-week maintenance therapy group, and 6-week maintenance therapy group was 5.0, 6.5, and 4.0 months, respectively, and median OS was 11.0, 13.5, and 13.0 months, respectively, the differences showed no statistical significance (P>0.05 for all). In the extensive stage, the median PFS in the control group, 4-week maintenance therapy group, and 6-week maintenance therapy group was 3.0, 3.0, and 3.5 months, respectively, showing significant differences (P=0.015); the median OS was 6.5, 8.0, and 8.0 months, respectively, presenting no statistically significant differences (P=0.096). In addition, the PFS in the 6-week maintenance therapy group was significantly improved as compared with that in the control group (P=0.016). Compared with the control group, the incidence rates of nausea (grade 3-4), vomiting, hypodynamia, leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia in the 4-week maintenance therapy group and 6-week maintenance therapy group were increased significantly (P<0.05 for all), however, the side effects were tolerable. Conclusion Prolonging the treatment cycle of EP therapy can improve the PFS in SCLC patients in first-line CR chemotherapy and extensive stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ 　Ｔｏ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ ｏｆ ＩＤ１ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｕｍｏｒ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ， ｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ ａｎｄ ｕｌｔｒａｖｉｏｌｅｔ （ＵＶ） ｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ， ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｆ ＩＤ１ ｏｎ ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃ ｄｒｕｇ⁃ ａｎｄ ＵＶ⁃ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ． Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ 　Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｓｔｕｄｙ， ｕｐｏｎ ｏｎｓｅｔ ｏｆ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ｂｙ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｋｉｎｄｓ ｏｆ ｉｎｄｕｃｅｒｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ， ｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ ａｎｄ ＵＶ ｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ， ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｏｆ ＩＤ１ ｗａｓ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ ａｎｄ ｒｅａｌ⁃ｔｉｍｅ ＰＣＲ． Ｗｅ ａｌｓｏ ａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｈａｌｆ⁃ｌｉｆｅ ｏｆ ＩＤ１ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ａｎｄ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ＩＤ１ ｍＲＮＡ ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｂｙ ｃｙｃｌｏｈｅｘｉｍｉｄｅ ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎ ｔｅｓｔ ａｎｄ ＲＴ⁃ＰＣＲ． Ａｎｎｅｘｉｎ⁃Ｖ ａｓｓａｙ ｗａｓ ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｏｕｔ ｔｏ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ＩＤ１ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ｔｏ ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃ ｄｒｕｇ⁃ ａｎｄ ＵＶ⁃ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ． Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ＩＤ１ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ ａ ｐｒｏｆｏｕｎｄ ｄｏｗｎ⁃ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＨＣＴ１１６ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ， ｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ ａｎｄ ＵＶ ｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ（Ｐ＜０．０５ ｆｏｒ ａｌｌ）． Ｔｈｅ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＵＶ ｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ， ｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ， ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗａｓ （５８．７０±１．５５）％， （３５．８０±０．９２）％ ａｎｄ （２１．００±０．７２）％， ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ， ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈａｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ（１．１０±０．０７）％， （１．２０±０．１３）％ ａｎｄ （３．５０±０．２３）％ （Ｐ＜０．０５ ｆｏｒ ａｌｌ）． Ｕｐｏｎ ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ， ＩＤ１ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｗａｓ ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄ ｖｉａ ｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍＲＮＡ ｉｎｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ， ｂｕｔ ｎｏｔ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎ ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ． Ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ， ｅｃｔｏｐｉｃ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ＩＤ１ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＨＣＴ１１６ ｃｅｌｌｓ ａｌｌｅｖｉａｔｅｄ ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ⁃， ｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ⁃ ａｎｄ ＵＶ⁃ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ． Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｏｆ ｆｌｏｗ ｅｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙ ｒｅｖｅａｌｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ ｏｆ ａｐｏｐｔｏｔｉｃ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＩＤ１ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ， ｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ ａｎｄ ＵＶ ｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ （２３．８０±０．８２）％， （１７．８０±１．３４）％ ａｎｄ （１３．４０±０．５３）％， ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ， ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈａｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｍｐｔｙ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ ｇｒｏｕｐ （４１．１０± １．６１）％， （３０．４０± ２．６７）％ ａｎｄ （２２．５０± ３．４７）％ （Ｐ ＜ ０．０５ ｆｏｒ ａｌｌ）． Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ 　Ｔｈｅｓｅ ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ ｒｅｄｕｃｅｓ ｔｈｅ ａｍｏｕｎｔ ｏｆ ＩＤ１ ｂｙ ｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍＲＮＡ ｉｎｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ， ａｎｄ ｅｘｏｇｅｎｏｕｓｌｙ ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ ＩＤ１ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｓ ｃｅｌｌｓ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｅｔｏｐｏｓｉｄｅ⁃， ｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ⁃ ａｎｄ ＵＶ ｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ⁃ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ． Ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ＩＤ１ ｂｉｏａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｍａｙ ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ａ ｎｅｗ ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ ｉｎ ｃａｎｃｅｒ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the efficacy and adverse reaction of teniposide（VM-26） plus carboplatin（TC regimen）and etoposide（VP-16） plus carboplatin（EC regimen） in treatment of newly diagnosed small cell lung cancer（SCLC）, and the possible role of VM-26 on prevention of brain metastasis of SCLC. Methods A total of 102 previously untreated SCLC patients without brain metastasis were divided into VP-16 group received EC regimen（n=64） and VM-26 group received TC regimen（n=38）. The carboplatin dosages in two groups were calculated by blood concentration- area under the curve（AUC） =5, and intravenous infusion of 1 h for the first day. In VM-26 group, VM-26 70 mg/m2＋normal saline 500 m L was intravenously infused of 2 h for1-3 days. VP-16 100 mg/m2＋normal saline 500 m L was given to VP-16 group, 1 h for 1-3 days. Twenty-one day was for 1treatment cycle. The curative effect, prognosis and adverse reaction were compared between two groups. Results The overall response rates（ORR） and disease control rates（DCR） were 78.9%（30/38） and 97.4%（37/38） in VM-26 group, respectively, and 76.6%（49/64） and 95.3%（61/64） in VP-16 group, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups（χ2=0.078 and 0.283, P〈0.05）. The median progression-free survival（PFS） was 10 months（95%CI 7.4-12.6） in VM-26 group and 9 months（95%CI 6.4-11.6） in VP-16 group（χ2=0.029,P=0.866）. The median overall survival（OS） was 18 months（95%CI 16.5-19.5） and16 months（95%CI 9.9-22.1） in VM-26 group and VP-16 group（χ2=0.217,P=0.642）, respectively. The survival rates for 1,2 and3 years were 73.7%, 36.8% and 18.4% in VM-26 group, and 71.9%, 37.5% and 18.8% in VP-16 group, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups（P<0.05）. The brain metastasis rate was significantly higher in VP-16 group [43.8%（28/64）] than that of VP-26 group [21.1%（8/38）, χ2=5.379,P=0.02）. The adverse reactions were mainly grade 1/2 bone marrow suppression in two groups. Conclusion TC is a highly active regimen for treatment of SCLC. There is no difference in the effectiveness and adverse reactions versus EC. Application of VM-26 can reduce the incidence of brain metastasis in SCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the efficacy of bronchial artery perfusion combined with oral etoposide in treatment of small cell lung cancer. METHODS: 116 patients with small cell lung cancer admitted into the Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical School from Aug. 2013 to Oct. 2015 were selected to be divide into observation group and control group via the random number table, with 58 cases in each. The control group were treated with bronchial artery perfusion of etoposide combined with cis-platinum, while the observation group additionally received oral etoposide capsules after operation of two day based on the control group. The total effective rate, one-year disease-free survival rate and two-year survival rate were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate, one-year disease-free survival rate and two-year survival rate of observation group were respectively 94.83% (55/58), 37.93%(22/58) and 15.51% (9/58), significantly better than that of control group [63.79% (37/58)、8.62% (5/58)、3.45% (2/58)], with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of bronchial artery perfusion combined with oral etoposide in treatment of small cell lung cancer is significant, which is worthy of the further clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]