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Objective: Analyze the promotion and application value of "two-stage three-step method" screening and diagnosis process in screening newborn congenital heart disease in Xi ’an and Xianyang area. Methods: Fetuses and newborns born in the hospital from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and the data of precordial screening in fetal period,neonatal period and infancy were collected, and the newborns were divided into murmur group, positive transcutaneous oxygen saturation group and double-positive group to evaluate the "two-phase, three-step method We evaluated the value of the "two-stage,three-step" screening method. Results: A total of 12318 neonates were screened and 497 were positive. 126 cases were confirmed and the actual incidence was 10.23‰. Among the confirmed cases of children with CHD, the top 3 disease types were atrial septal defect in 66cases（52.38%), ventricular septal defect in 41 cases（32.54%) and patent ductus arteriosus in 11 cases（8.73%) . The detection rate of single heart murmur was 1.49%, the sensitivity was 82.5%, and the specificity was 99.3%. In the positive percutaneous oxygen saturation group of 147 cases, the detection rate, sensitivity and specificity of pure percutaneous oxygen saturation were 1.19%, 58.7% and 99.4%.In the double-positive group of 166 cases, the detection rate, sensitivity and specificity were 1.35%, 94.4% and 99.6%, respectively.Conclusion: The "two-stage three-step" screening and diagnostic procedure, especially the combined screening of cardiac auscultation and percutaneous oxygen saturation, is beneficial to the early detection of neonatal CHD, and is worthy of popularization and application [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To investigate the risk factors of 30-day mortality and postoperative pulmonary complication in neonatal noncardiac surgery and to establish models for predicting the 30 d mortality. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of newborns undergoing cardiac surgery in hospitals from September 2018 to February 2022. Single factor and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications and postoperative death. And construct a predictive model for postoperative death within 30 days. survival, as well as constructthe prediction model of 30 d mortality. Results Of 140 patients, 85(60.7%) experienced a postoperative pulmonary complication and 13(0.93%) died within 30 d after surgery. Among all factors, cardiopulmonary bypass (P = 0.002)and intraoperative use of albumin (P = 0.038) were associated with PPC. Prematurity (P = 0.01), emergency operation(P = 0.009) and surgery length (P = 0.001) were significant contributors to 30 d mortality. According to these three risk factors, a nomogram model was constructed to predict the 30 d mortality after neonatal noncardiac surgery. The C-index value was 0.862 (95% CI: 0.758 ~ 0.966), and the receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curve showed that the nomogram model had a moderate prediction ability. Conclusion The developed and validated nomogram can be used to calculate the individualized risk of postoperative mortality and become a practical tool for anesthetist and clinicians to achieve better treatment for high-risk newborn infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal lactic acidosis and thrombocytopenia induced by multi-oil fat emulsions （SMOF), aiming to deepen clinicians’ understanding of adverse reactions to this drug. Methods Clinical data of two male neonates who suffered from lactic acidosis and/or thrombocytopenia after using intravenous SMOF for more than two weeks were analyzed. Literature review was conduced from PubMed, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CMAPH using the keywords of “neonate”, “multi-oil fat emulsions”, “lactic acidosis”, and “thrombocytopenia” in both Chinese and English. Clinical data of retrieved cases were collected and analyzed. Results Blood lactate, acidosis, and platelets returned to normal in two cases after terminating SMOF. Eight cases of fat overload syndrome caused by fat emulsion injection were retrieved by literature review, and one of them was treated with SMOF. All eight cases were improved after terminating intravenous fat emulsion, and four of them also received blood exchange therapy. Conclusions SMOF can cause neonatal lactic acidosis and/or thrombocytopenia. Clinicians should deepen the understanding of adverse reactions to this drug and lower the misdiagnosis and mistherapy rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are biological agents or living agents which made with beneficial microorganisms through culture, fermentation, drying and other special processes. Intestinal probiotics are closely related to animal nutrition metabolism and health. For newborn calves, the gastrointestinal tract is not well developed, rumen development and microflora formation are the keys to ensure the performance and health of calves. In the paper, the species of probiotics, their physiological functions and application effects are summarized, for the purpose of providing reference for the scientific application of probiotics in the nutritional regulation and early cultivation of calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The effect of methionine level on growth and nutrient absorptio of Xingyi bantam chickens was explored, which provides scientific reference for research and production of digestible methionine amounts in Xinyi bantam chickens.[Method] Newborn and healthy chicks were chosen to finish the feeding and metabolizabilities experiment during 0 to 28 days, 29-49 days, respectively. The methionine level during 0 to 28 days respectively were 0.24%,0.32%,0.40%,0.48%,and the methionine level during 29 to 49 days were 0.20%、0.30%、0.40%、0.50%,as the average daily gain, daily feed intake, feed to gain ratio and nutrient apparent metabolizabilities were detected .[Result] With the methionine level increasing, the feed intake and average daily gain of bantam chickens during 0 to 28 days and 29 to 49 days both increased significantly at P<0.01 level. When the methionine level increased to 0.40% and 0.50% respectively, the feed intake and average daily gain both decreased significantly at P<0.01 level. During 0 to 28 days, the feed conversion efficiency was the lowest as the methionine level was 0.30%.During 29 to 49 days, the feed conversion efficiency was the lowest as the methionine level was 0.32%.There was no variation rule between methionine level and nutrient metabolism.[Conclusion] When the average daily gain and feed intake are taken as indicators, the suitable methionine levels in Xinyi bantam chickens both are 0.40% during 0 to 28 days and 29 to 49 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different doses of caffeine citrate on intestinal flora of neonates with apnea. METHODS: Totally 110 neonates with apnea admitted into Hefei Binhu Hospital from Jan. 2018 to Jul.2020 were retrospectively extracted to be divided into low-dose group and high-dose group according to different administration methods of caffeine citrate. In the low-dose group ( n = 55),the initial load was 20 mg/kg caffeine citrate with 3 ml 5% glucose injection infusion pump for 30 min,after 24 h,5 mg/kg caffeine citrate was intravenously injected,and 3 ml 5% glucose injection was added to the infusion pump for 30 min,and then medication was given once every 24 h. In the high-dose group ( n = 55),the initial dose was the same as the low-dose group,after 24 h,10 mg/kg caffeine citrate was given,and 3 ml 5% glucose injection was added to the infusion pump for 30 min,and then medication was given once every 24 h. Both groups were treated continuously until one week after the disappearance of apnea symptoms. The intestinal flora,clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions of two groups were observed. RESULTS: Compared with the low-dose group,after 7 d of treatment,the counts of G+and G-were higher in the high-dose group,while the counts of G-were lower,with statistically significant difference ( P＜0. 05) . The total effective rate of the low-dose group was 98. 18% ( 54/55),significantly higher than that of the high-dose group of87. 27% ( 48/55),the difference was statistically significant ( P＜0. 05) . On the first day of treatment,there was no significant difference in the frequency and severity of apnea between the low-dose group and the high-dose group ( P＞0. 05) . Compared with the first day of treatment,the frequency of apnea and the severity score decreased significantly in both groups on the third day of treatment,and the difference was statistically significant ( P＜0. 05) .The incidence of feeding intolerance in the high-dose group was 18. 18% ( 10/55),significantly higher than that in the low-dose group 5. 45% ( 3/55),the difference was statistically significant ( P＜0. 05) . CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine citrate can destroy the establishment of normal intestinal flora in neonates. Therefore,the dosage should be reduced as far as possible while ensuring the efficacy,reducing the damage of drugs to intestinal microecology and improving the safety of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of high frequency pulmonary ultrasound combined with regional scanning in early differential diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) in neonates. Methods: 163 newborns admitted to NICU due to respiratory distress from January 2019 to July 2020 were selected as the research objects, and all newborns underwent X-ray and high-frequency pulmonary ultrasound examination. Taking the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, area under curve (AUC) and 95% CI of ultrasound and X-ray diagnosis of HMD and TTN were calculated by receiver operating curve (ROC). Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and AUC of ultrasound diagnosis of HMD were higher than those of X-ray examination. Z test showed that AUC of ultrasound and X-ray diagnosis of HMD was statistically significant (z = 3.996, P = 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and AUC of ultrasound diagnosis of TTN were higher than those of X-ray. Z-test showed that there was significant difference in AUC between ultrasound and X-ray diagnosis of TTN (z = 4.188, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The clinical value of high-frequency pulmonary ultrasound combined with regional scanning in early differential diagnosis of HMD and TTN is higher than that of X-ray, which is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the changes in the level of immunity in neonates treated by two different dosage types of Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) (including 10 μg CHO genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine (hereinafter referred to as 10 μg HepB) and 5 μg recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine (hereinafter referred to as 5 μg HepB)) for different time, and, provide a scientific basis for the vaccination of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine. Methods: The vaccination of the hepatitis B vaccine in accordance with the 0, 1, and 6-month immunization procedures from July 1, 2016 to December 1, 2016 were selected, and the serum antibody levels were measured by chemical concentrating method, the changes of antibody in the neonates after inoculation with 10 μg and 5 μg of HepB at different time points were compared. Results: After 1, 6 and 12 months of inoculation, the low non-response rate of neonates in the 10 μμg HepB group was significantly lower than that in the 5 μg HepB group, while the antibody titer on the liver surface was significantly higher than that in the 5 μg HepB group (P<0.05); at 12 months after inoculation, the antibody titer of hepatitis B in both groups showed a downward trend; the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody in newborns of 10 μg HepB group was significantly higher than that in 5 μg HepB group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Neonatal inoculation with 10 μg HepB is superior to 5 μg HepB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and computed tomography(CT) manifestations of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) in different severity, and analyze the diagnostic value of MRI in HIE. Methods: 76 neonates with HIE who were admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to August 2019 were selected, including 46 mild cases, 24 moderate cases and6 severe cases, all of whom were examined by MRI and CT, the diagnosis results of neonatal HIE by MRI and CT were compared, the diagnosis results of severity of neonatal HIE and the detection rate of intracranial lesions. Results: With clinical manifestations as the gold standard, 72 of the 76 children with neonate HIE were confirmed by MRI examination, with an accuracy rate of 94.74%. There were 63 cases confirmed as neonate HIE by CT examination, with an accuracy rate of 82.89%. The detection rate of neonate HIE by MRI was significantly higher than that by CT examination(x²=5.365, P=0.021). The coincidence rate of MRI examination for the diagnosis of mild and severe HIE were 71.74%(33/46) and 100.00%(6/6), respectively, which were significantly higher than that of CT examination43.48%(20/46) and 50.00%(3/6)(all P<0.05). The coincidence rates of MRI and CT in the diagnosis of moderate HIE were 75.00%(18/24) and 66.67%(16/24), respectively, with no significant difference(x²=0.403, P=0.525). The overall detection rate of intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, basal ganglia injury, and brain edema was 98.68%(75/76) on MRI,which was higher than 90.79%(69/76) on CT(x²=4.750, P=0.029). Conclusion: Compared with CT, MRI can show the brain tissue structure of the neonates more clearly, and the accuracy of diagnosis and severity of neonate HIE is better than that of CT, and the diagnosis of brain tissue lesion of neonate HIE is also better than that of CT, which has higher diagnostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of omeprazole on stress ulcer in neonates. Methods: 61 cases of neonates with stress ulcer admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to June 2018 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method. Neonates in the control group were given omeprazole 0.6 mg/kg gastric tube injection therapy, while neonates in the observation group were given omeprazole 2 mg/kg continuous micropump intravenous infusion for 24 h. The clinical treatment effect, clinical symptom remission time, hemostasis time, gastrointestinal feeding start time, pH value and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups Results: After treatment, there was no statistically significantily difference in the total clinical effective rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The clinical symptom remission time and hemostasis time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, the proportion of children with feeding time< 24 h was significantly higher than that of the control group, the proportion of children with feeding time ≥ 72 h was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the pH value was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). There were no adverse reaction such as nausea, vomiting, constipation and rash in the two groups of neonates during the treatment, and the liver and kindney function had not been significantly affected. Conclusion: The total effective rate of 2 mg/kg omeprazole for 24 h micropump intravenous infusion and 0.6 mg/kg gastric tube injection was similar, but micropump intravenous infusion significantly increased the pH value and shortened clinical symptom remission time, hemostasis time and gastrointestial feeding start time, and its safety is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of serum cystatin C(Cys C), serum creatinine(SCr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in renal dysfunction in neonates with asphyxia. Methods: 200 asphyxia neonates who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Hechuan Hospital from January 2013 to January 2018 were selected as the study group.According to the Apgar score, 200 neonates with asphyxia were divided into mild asphyxia group(128 cases, Apgar score:4-7) and severe asphyxia group(72 cases, Apgar score: 0-3), and 50 full-term healthy newborns were selected as the control group. The levels of Cys C, SCr and BUN in the neonates of the study group and the control group were compared, and the Cys C, SCr, BUN levels and the abnormal rates of Cys C, SCr and BUN in neonates with different asphyxia levels were compared. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of Cys C, SCr and BUN in neonates with asphyxia. Results: The levels of serum Cys C,SCr and BUN in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The serum Cys C, SCr and BUN levels in the severe asphyxia group were higher than those in the mild asphyxia group(P<0.05). The abnormal rates of Cys C and BUN in severe asphyxia group were higher than those in mild asphyxia group(P<0.05). The abnormal rate of Cys C in severe asphyxia group and mild asphyxia group was higher than that in SCr and BUN(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Cys C was positively correlated with SCr and BUN, SCr and BUN were positively correlated(P<0.05). Conclusion: The Cys C, SCr and BUN have certain diagnostic value for renal dysfunction in neonates with asphyxia, but Cys C has the highest value in early diagnosis. The level of Cys C, SCr and BUN can be used to assess renal damage in neonates with asphyxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the Effects of pulmonary surfactant（PS） on serum antithrombin III（ATIII）, D-dimer（D-D） and pulmonary surfactant protein B（SP-B） in neonatal severe pneumonia and its curative effect. Methods: 62 cases of neonates with severe pneumonia treated in our hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group, each group of 31 cases. The control group was treated with conventional ventilation. The observation group was treated with pulmonary surfactant on the control group. The clinical efficacy, mechanical ventilation time and oxygen exposure time, lung oxygenation function, serum ATIII, D-D and SP-B expression levels were compared between the two groups after treatment. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 87.10%, significantly higher than the control group（70.97%）, the difference was statistically significant（P <0.05）. There was no significant difference in the expression of oxygen and index（OI） and alveolar oxygen partial pressure（a/APO2） between the two groups before treatment（P> 0.05）. The expression of OI and a/APO2 in the two groups was significantly higher than that in the control group（P <0.05） at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment, and the improvement of OI and a/APO2 expression in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the levels of serum ATIII, D-D and SP-B between the two groups before treatment（P> 0.05）. After treatment, the levels of serum DD in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment（P <0.05）. The levels of serum ATIII and SP-B were significantly higher than those before treatment（P <0.05）, and the level of serum DD was significantly（P <0.05）.The levels of serum ATIII and SP-B were significantly higher than those of the control group（P <0.05）. After treatment, the ventilation time and oxygen exposure time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant（P <0.05）. Conclusion: Pulmonary surfactant can effectively improve the therapeutic effect, and can effectively improve the serum pulmonary oxygenation function and serum AT III, D-D, SP-B expression levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General anesthetics are widely used in millions of neonates and infants for operations and medical examination every year. The safety of anesthetic has also become a growing concern. Although animal studies show the anesthetic neurotoxicity, it is con­fusing that the current clinical researches are not consistent. More studies are needed to investigate the anesthetic neurotoxicity and mini­mize the side effect of anesthetic. This article describes the advantages and limitations of animal and clinical researches on anesthetic neurotoxicity in recent years, shows the time-dependence and dose-dependence of anesthetic neurotoxicity Evidence in recent studies suggesting that single, relatively brief exposures to surgical procedures requiring general anesthesia are not associated with detectable deficits in neurodevelopment. It is essential that more studies are needed to investigate the association between anesthesia and neurode­velopment, especially the multiple expose, and to guide the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical significance of detection rate of abnormal electrocardiogram ( ECG) of neonates with pneumonia. Methods A total of 871 cases with neonatal pneumonia were selected as research objects who had been admitted by our hospital from January 2014 to May 2015. They were divided into mild pneumonia group(785 cases) and severe pneumonia group (86 cases) according to its severity while another 100 healthy newborns in the same period were taken as healthy control group. ECGs were compared among the three groups. Results The incidence of abnormal ECG in severe pneumonia group and mild pneumonia group was significantly higher than that in health control group and the rate in severe pneumonia group was also significantly higher if compared with mild pneumonia group， both with statistically significant differences (P < 0. 05 ). In severe pneumonia group and mild pneumonia group， the incidences of complications of ECG abnormalities were significantly higher if compared with health control group and the incidences in severe pneumonia group were also significantly higher than those in mild pneumonia group，both with statistically significant differences( P 〈0 .0 5 ). Conclusion Various types of ECG abnormalities can be found in neonates with pneumonia. Myocardial damage is associated with the presence of ECG abnormalities which are related to the degree of myocardial lesions. Therefore， routine ECG changes have important practical value in diagnosing， treating and making prognosis evaluation of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the blood type antibody titer abnormal proportion in pregnant women and its relationship with newborns hemolytic disease, so as to provide the basis for prevention of the ABO newborns hemolytic disease. Method Microcolumn gel card method (MGT) was used to detect IgG antibody titer of anti A or anti B in ABO blood type. Result Of the 2580 cases of pregnant women, the serum antibody titer ≥ 1:64 was found in 1944 cases, the abnomal detection rate was 75.35%. Conclusion The incidence of ABO newborns hemolytic disease is positively correlated with the level of IgG antibody titer during pregnancy. With the increase of IgG antibody titer, the incidence of ABO hemolytic disease increases. Regular detection of IgG antibody titer during pregnancy has a certain predictability in the diagnosis of HDN. The study has important significance in reducing the incidence of HDN, which can be attained through early monitoring and effectively controlling the antibody titer during the pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]