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[Objective]Through exogenous spraying of biological agents to process tobacco, explore the influence of flue-cured tobacco modulation and rebaking aging stage after the biological treatment on tobacco leaf quality and difference, thus forming the technical means of improving the quality and aromn in the process of tobacco aging, clarify the chemical composition and quality changes of tobacco leaves at different aging times after adding biological agents. [Method] Shaanxi SXC-4 composite biological preparation was selected, including different hydrolytic enzyme systems, oxidoreductase systems, and aroma enhancing bacteria. The effects of the composite biological preparation on the conventional chemical components and special chemical components such as polyphenols, as well as neutral aroma causing substances of tobacco were studied through atomization spraying during the tobacco preparation and re roasting stages. [ Result] After the treatment of biological agents at different stages, the content of reduced sugar, total sugar and starch in flue-cured tobacco were lower than the control treatment, and the content of nicotine and total nitrogen was slightly higher than the control treatment. The content of organic acids, neophytadiene and free amino acids in flue-cured tobacco also increased to different degrees compared with the control treatment. The content of neutral aromatization substances in different treatments showed that the total amount of aromatization substances of tobacco leaves treated with compound biological agents was significantly greater than that of control treatment. With the process of aging, the total amount of aroma substances decreased, and the total score of sensory quality was improved. [Conclusion]After the two stages of compound biological agent treatment, they can improve the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco, increase the aroma substances, improve the aroma quantity and aroma temperament of flue-cured tobacco, and reduce the mixture and irritation. With the aging time, the aging effect of different treatments is different. After 90 days of aging, the chemical composition of aged tobacco leaves in the reasting stage is more coordinated, the content of aromatic substances is higher, and the sensory quality evaluation of tobacco leaves is higher, which is better than the tobacco leaves treated with biological agents in the modulation stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The occurrence and development of various ophthalmic diseases are closely related to excessive oxidative stress, and the inhibition of oxidative stress response may produce preventive and therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of Pax6 gene expression on hydrogen peroxide-induced aging of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). METHODS: Resuscitated BM-MSCs, Pax6/BM-MSCs, and shPax6/BM-MSCs were treated with hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours, and then β-galactosidase staining was performed. The proliferation index Ki67 expression and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of senescence-associated molecules (Wnt7a, p21, and p53) was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After hydrogen peroxide treatment, the cells of the three groups showed senescence phenotype and β-galactosidase staining was positive. Compared with BM -MSCs group, the expression of positive cells in Pax6/BM-MSCs group was less and that in the shPax6/BM-MSCs group was more, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with BM-MSCs group, the positive expression of Ki67 in the Pax6/BM-MSCs group increased and the level of apoptosis decreased, while the positive expression of Ki67 decreased and the level of apoptosis increased in the shPax6/BM-MSCs group; the difference was significantly different (P < 0.05). (3) RT-PCR showed that compared with the BM-MSCs group, the expression of Wnt7a, p53, and p21 decreased in the Pax6/BM-MSCs group, while the expression of Wnt7a, p53, and p21 increased in the shPax6/ BM-MSCs group; the difference was significantly different (P < 0.05). (4) These findings indicate that overexpression of Pax6 can antagonize the aging progression of BM-MSCs induced by hydrogen peroxide, which may be related to Wnt signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) is closely related to aging and plays an important regulatory role in exercise anti-aging. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the role of PGC-1α in exercise anti-aging from the perspective of different tissues and organs. OBJECTIVE: To provide a detailed overview of the role of PGC-1α in exercise anti-aging and discuss its regulation from the perspective of different tissues and organs. METHODS: A literature search was conducted from May 1, 2023 to July 1, 2023. The search covered self-built databases up to July 2023, as well as databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and VIP. The Chinese search terms included “PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α, PPARGC1A, aging, exercise, older adults”. The English search terms were “PGC-1α, aging, exercise, exercise training, older adults”. Boolean logical operators were used to connect the search terms, and corresponding search strategies were developed. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 83 articles were included in the review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) PGC-1α is an important transcriptional coactivator that plays a key regulatory role in maintaining mitochondrial function, regulating energy metabolism, and adapting to different metabolic demands. (2) PGC-1α has a significant regulatory role in mitochondrial aging and various functions in multiple cell types, and is associated with inflammatory pathways, redox control, protein modifications, and epigenetic changes. (3) The expression level of PGC-1α can be increased by exercise training, and it exerts positive effects through regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and antioxidative stress pathways. It plays an important role in exercise-induced improvement of adipose tissue aging, cardiovascular aging, neurosystem aging, renal aging, skeletal muscle aging, and liver aging. (4) The expert group recommends future research directions including exploring the regulatory effects of different types, intensities, and durations of exercise on PGC-1α expression, studying the regulatory mechanisms of protein modifications and epigenetic changes in PGC-1α, and strengthening the research on the mechanisms of PGC-1α in different aging-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AIM: To investigate the mechanism by which Qiangji decoction attenuates cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by D-galactose. METHODS: Eighty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, metformin group, and Qiangji decoction group. D-galactose （100 mg·kg-1·d-1） was injected into the neck of mice, excluding those in control group, for 8 weeks to establish an aging-related cognitive impairment model. The mice in Qiangji decoction group received Qiangji decoction （24. 96 g·kg-1·d-1）, those in metformin group received metformin （0. 2 g·kg-1·d-1）, and those in other groups were administered an equal volume of normal saline for 4 weeks （20 mL·kg-1·d-1）. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were used to assess mouse learning and memory. Fluoro-Jade B （FJB） staining was used to observe damaged neurons in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the ultrastructure of mitochondria in hippocampal nerve cells. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in hippocampal nerve cells were detected using a kit. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 staining. Kits were used to measure the levels of mitochondrial ATP, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the hippocampus. The protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase α（ AMPKα）, phosphorylated AMPKα at Thr172 （p-AMPKα-Thr172）, silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α）, nuclear respiratory factor 1 （NRF1）, NRF2 and mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM） in the hippocampus were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests showed that compared with model group, the escape latency of the mice in metformin and Qiangji decoction groups significantly decreased （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）, while the number of platform crossings, time spent in the target quadrant, and novel recognition index significantly increased （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）. The results of FJB staining indicated that compared with model group, the numbers of FJB-positive neurons in mouse hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions significantly decreased in metformin and Qiangji decoction groups （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that compared with model group, damaged mitochondria in mouse hippocampal neurons were reduced in metformin and Qiangji decoction groups, with increased mitochondrial length and area （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）. Compared with model group, ROS levels in mouse hippocampal neurons significantly decreased in metformin and Qiangji decoction groups （P< 0. 05 or P<0. 01）. The results of JC-1 staining demonstrated that compared with model group, mitochondrial membrane potential significantly increased in metformin and Qiangji decoction groups （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）. Compared with model group, the levels of mitochondrial ATP, and complexes I, III and IV in the hippocampus significantly increased in metformin and Qiangji decoction groups （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）. Western blot analysis showed that compared with model group, the protein levels of p-AMPKα-Thr172, SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, NRF2 and TFAM in mouse hippocampal tissues significantly increased in metformin and Qiangji decoction groups （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）. CONCLUSION: Qiangji decoction alleviates cognitive impairment, neuronal damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by D-galactose through activation of the AMPKα/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Concurrent with population ageing, falls have become a significantly more challenging public health issue among older adults. Three years of data collected recently from a nursing home in northern Taiwan reveals an increasing trend in fall density that is primarily associated with aging, physiological decline, chronic diseases, polypharmacy, osteoporosis, and lack of exercise. The percentage of nursing home residents at high risk of falls is currently at 12.6%, and the fall rate has been reported as reaching as high as 30% annually. Purpose: A fall prevention program was implemented to reduce the fall incidence rate to 18%, with secondary goals of improving fall prevention awareness, behavior, self-efficacy, lower limb muscle strength, balance, and gait by 10% on average, respectively, between pre-test and post-test. Resolution: From September 30, 2023 to February 29, 2024, a health promotion activity and fall prevention exercise course were implemented using an interdisciplinary team collaboration model over a six-week period, providing individualized exercise for the participants. Result: The study included 20 older adults with an average age of 88 years. Most (90%; n = 18) had chronic diseases, 25% (n = 5) were on more than nine medications, 70% (n = 14) had reduced bone mass, and 40% (n = 8) were at high risk of falls, with a fall incidence rate of 30% during the immediately preceding year. Post-intervention, the fall incidence rate dropped to 5%, fall prevention awareness, behavior, and self-efficacy increased by 18.3%, and lower limb muscle strength, balance, and gait improved by 11.7%. The post-test results in fall prevention awareness, behavioral changes, self-efficacy, and lower limb strength, balance, and gait were all significantly better than pre-test results, with all results achieving statistical significance. Conclusion: The project results support the positive effects of the developed intervention effectively on elderly physical fitness and fall risk, providing valuable insights for the implementation of fall prevention strategies in nursing homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is an age-related degenerative syndrome, and the relationship between mitochondrial autophagy and exercise in preventing and treating sarcopenia has been demonstrated. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews detailing the specific receptor proteins and signaling pathways involved in the role of exercise in sarcopenia prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively introduce the specific receptor proteins and signaling pathways related to mitochondrial autophagy and their role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia through exercise. METHODS: A literature search was conducted between February 1, 2023, and April 1, 2023, covering literature from database inception to April 2023. Databases included the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, and VIP. Keywords used for the search included sarcopenia, muscle wasting, aging, elderly, mitochondria, mitochondrial function, proteins, pathways, and others. After strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 76 articles were ultimately included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by a decline in muscle mass and function with age, and its pathogenesis involves neuromuscular functional decline, chronic inflammation, acid-base imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial autophagy is an important process for clearing damaged mitochondria in cells, in which receptor proteins and signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy. Exercise can promote the occurrence of mitochondrial autophagy by regulating the activity of these receptor proteins and signaling pathways, thereby playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Exercise can induce mitochondrial autophagy in sarcopenia by upregulating AMPK, phosphorylating ULK1, and reducing mitochondrial energy, enhancing the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins associated with AMBRA1, and regulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway, to improve mitochondrial dysfunction caused by sarcopenia. In addition, exercise can activate the mTOR pathway to promote muscle growth and increase glucose uptake, thereby preventing and treating sarcopenia. Future studies are needed to further investigate the specific mechanisms and regulatory pathways of mitochondrial autophagy-related receptor proteins and signaling pathways in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia by exercise, and to conduct more clinical trials in humans, thereby to promote further development in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the aging quality of tobacco leaves, using the low-grade and upper tobacco leaves of Honghua Dajinyuan as the test material, the BioApex microbial enzyme was applied to tobacco leaves, and the conventional chemical components, volatile aroma composition and sensory quality of aged tobacco leaves were compared. The results showed that the content of conventional chemical components except chlorine were increased by microbial enzymes. Simultaneously, the microbial enzymes decreased the difference between the content of total sugars and reducing sugar, and coordinated chemical composition of aged leaves. With the increases of enzyme concentration, the content of reducing sugar, water-soluble sugar and potassium in tobacco leaves were also significantly increased. However, prolonged aging time will significantly reduce the content of nicotine and water-soluble sugar. Microbial enzyme treatment increased the degradation products of aromatic amino acids, carotenoids, and Maillard reactions in tobacco leaves. The sensory quality of tobacco leaves treated with 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% (90 days) concentration of microbial enzyme were obviously improved compared with the control. In summary, microbial enzymes can promote the transformation of tobacco leaf contents and effectively improve the quality of the upper tobacco leaves. This study can provide theoretical basis for the industrial application of microbial enzyme preparation fermentation technology in tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Satellite cells are myogenic stem cells located between the muscle fiber membrane and the basement membrane. However, a comprehensive review of the aging mechanisms of satellite cells and their potential mitigation strategies is still lacking. This gap in knowledge hinders the effective guidance for current strategies aimed at attenuating skeletal muscle aging. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of satellite cell aging in skeletal muscle and the relevant strategies for mitigating this aging process. METHODS: Major databases were searched up to May 2023, including Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, and VIP. Chinese and English search terms included “skeletal muscle, satellite cells, aging, mechanism, and solution strategy”. After strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 78 articles were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Satellite cells, situated between the muscle fiber membrane and basement membrane, possess proliferative and differentiative potential. They usually remain in a quiescent state but become activated in response to muscle tissue stimuli, participating in processes of repair and restoration of normal tissue structure. Aging leads to a reduction in satellite cell numbers, resulting in symptoms such as muscle weakness and decreased endurance. (2) Mechanisms of satellite cell aging primarily involve diminished regenerative capacity, perturbed niche interactions with changing ecology, agedependent loss, and heterogeneity changes. Reduced satellite cell numbers and activity due to aging lead to slower muscle regeneration and increased injury recovery time. Errors during differentiation may occur, resulting in decreased muscle quality and function deterioration. (3) Strategies for mitigating satellite cell aging encompass modulation of the receptor environment of intra-body satellite cells, peripheral interventions to promote satellite cell regeneration, construction of human muscle models, and exercise and nutritional interventions to induce satellite cell proliferation. These strategies hold promise in offering novel insights and methods for satellite cell regeneration and treatment of skeletal muscle diseases. (4) Future research should delve into the mechanisms of satellite cell aging, explore the interaction between satellite cells and their niches, investigate the relationship of satellite cells with the immune system and mitochondrial function, and develop human muscle models to enhance research depth and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an individualized brain health imaging phenotype, brain age is a new neuroimaging biomarker to assess the degree of brain aging. The discrepancy between an individual’s brain age and chronological age, known as the predicted age difference, reflects the trajectory and rate of brain aging. Previous studies have found that a greater predicted age difference in patients with ischemic stroke was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, ischemic brain injury may accelerate the brain aging process in stroke patients, suggesting the potential for a vicious cycle between brain aging and ischemic stroke. This article reviewed the progress in research on brain age prediction methodologies, factors influencing the rate of brain aging, the relationship between brain age and ischemic stroke, and the integration of multi-omics data analysis, providing a fresh perspective for biogerontological research related with stroke [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the evolution of the spatial pattern of population aging in Gansu Province over the past 30 years, exploring its spatial distribution patterns and regional differences. Methods Data on the elderly population from 14 cities (prefectures) in Gansu Province from 1990 to 2020 were collected. Indicators such as the elderly population coefficient, relative aging degree, and aging speed were selected to evaluate the aging development in Gansu Province. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to examine the characteristics of the evolution of the spatial pattern of population aging at the city level in Gansu. Results The trend of aging in Gansu Province was quite severe, with particularly notable aging development in Jinchang and Baiyin cities. The aging trend in Gansu Province exhibited a gradual development from the southeast to the northwest, with a positive spatial clustering effect of aging observed among various units. High-value and low-value clusters shifted, with the southern region of Gansu being the primary area of high-value clustering, while low-value clusters transitioned from the northern region of Gansu to the southwestern area populated by ethnic minorities. The issue of imbalanced aging development among different regions gradually became prominent. Conclusion The level of aging and the spatial distribution pattern in Gansu Province are strengthening gradually, with significant characteristics of spatial aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct-injection SBS modified asphalt has advantages such as easy quality control, low cost, and minimal pollution. It can address the issue of unstable quality in conventional wet-process SBS modified asphalt and has been gradually widely applied in recent years. This study investigated the aging resistance performance of direct-injection SBS modified asphalt at different dosages through short-term aging. By conducting temperature scanning tests, mid-temperature fatigue performance tests, low-temperature rheological property tests, and atomic force microscope tests on the aged direct-injection modified asphalt, the aging resistance performance of the SBS modified asphalt was studied from macroscopic to microscopic scales. The macroscopic experimental results indicated that the direct-injection SBS modified asphalt exhibited an increase in elastic components and fatigue life after short-term aging. During the aging process, the Guolu direct-injection SBS modified asphalt showed a secondary development phenomenon. The microscopic test results revealed that, after short-term aging, both conventional wet-process SBS modified asphalt and Liaohe direct-injection SBS modified asphalt exhibited reduced roughness due to changes in the content of the four components and the degradation of SBS. In contrast, the Guolu direct-injection SBS modified asphalt exhibited increased surface roughness due to further swelling development, consistent with the conclusions drawn from the macroscopic tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the changes in the quality characteristics of cherry red tobacco during the aging process, using cv. Zhusha2 as test samples, the variations in sensory characteristics and chemical constituents of this cherry red tobacco during 0-24 months of aging were analyzed by sensory evaluation and chemical analysis. The results showed that: 1) During 18 months of aging, the glutinous and sweet aroma index of the tobacco gradually increased, and the glutinous and sweet aroma style gradually manifested. The glutinous and sweet aroma style remained relatively stable from 6 to 18 months. 2) The aroma characteristics of the upper leaves reached the optimum at around 12 months of aging, while those of the middle leaves reached the optimum at around 18 months of aging. During the aging process, the smoke characteristics of the cherry red tobacco continuously improved, and the smoothness and mildness of the smoke gradually increased. 3) The taste characteristics remained relatively stable within 12 months of aging, and then gradually improved after 12 months with reduced irritation and dryness and better aftertaste. 4) Around 12-18 months of aging, the total amount of aroma components in the tobacco reached its maximum. The increases in reducing sugar, total aroma components and nornicotine contents were beneficial to improve the leaf's sensory quality. Based on the analysis of style characteristics, quality characteristics and aroma component analysis, the suitable aging period for cherry red tobacco should be around 12-18 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recombinantelastin engineering bacteria was constructed by genetic engineering technology, and then recombinant elastin was obtained by fermentation purification technology. The recombinante lastin was characterized and identified by N-terminal sequencing of amino acids, molecular wght determination, analysis of amino acid composition, protein purity analysis, endotoxicity determination, infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism analysis. To explore the roles of recombiant elastin in UVB-induced skin photoaging, the effects of recombinant elastin on the adhesion ability and cell viability of L929 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, as well as the effects of recombinant elastin on the expression levels of Collagen, Collagen, Elastin and matrix metalloproteinase 1 MMP-1, were investigated in the model of UVB-induced L929 cell photoaging. The results showed that the secondary structure of recombinant elastin was similar to that of natural elastin. The recombinant elastin showed certain cell viability and no cytotoxicity at 0.1 mg/mL, which significantly promoted the adhesion and proliferation of L929 cells. Additionally, recombinant elastin could also improve the mRNA transcription levels of Collagen, Collagen and Elastin in UVB irradiated cells by down-regulating the expression of MMP-1 in UVB irradiated cells, thus protecting L929 cells from light damage. That was why recombinant elastin could improve the survival rate of photodamaged fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of fermented Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (FLBP) on the intestine in an aging mouse model. Methods: The aging model was established by continuous subcutaneous injection of 1 000 mg/(kg mb · d) D-galactose in the back of the neck, followed by gavage of low (150 mg/(kg mb · d)) and high (300 mg/(kg mb · d)) doses of FLBP. After 10 weeks, body mass, organ indexes, serum inflammatory markers and anti-inflammatory indicators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels, intestinal permeability, intestinal barrier damage biomarkers such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) contents, the histological structure of the colon, colonic mucin 2 (Muc2) expression, intestinal flora composition and fecal short-chain fatty acid contents were detected and analyzed. Results: High-dose FLBP antagonized D-galactose-induced growth retardation and thymus atrophy, decreased the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and significantly increased serum IL-10 levels in the aging mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, FLBP significantly ameliorated colonic barrier damage in mice, as evidenced by a significant decrease in intestinal permeability, LPS and LBP contents (P < 0.05), alterations in colonic tissue structure, and a significant increase in MUC2 secretion (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, FLBP regulated the gut microbiota composition by changing the α- and β-diversity, increasing the relative abundance of the beneficial bacteria norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus, and decreasing the relative abundance of the harmful bacteria Atopostipes and Jeotgalicoccus, and increasing the fecal contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid and isobutyric acid significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High-dose FLBP reduced circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and enhanced anti-inflammatory function in aging mice, which might be related to improving colonic barrier function, regulating the intestinal flora composition, and increasing the levels of beneficial SCFAs in the intestinal tract of mice. This study provides a theoretical reference for the application of FLBP as a functional food ingredient for intestinal health.

To investigate the changes in aroma components of Camellia nanchuanica crude tea before and after compression and the effects of aging on the aroma of Tuo tea, traditional sensory evaluation combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was employed for aroma analysis of tea samples in this study. A discriminant model was established through orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA), and characteristic aromas in different tea samples were screened based on variable importance in projection (VIP values) and odor activity values (OAV). Results showed that there were obvious differences in the aroma score of Camellia nanchuanica tea before and after compressing and aging at room temperature (P1 and OAV>1, a total of 23 characteristic aroma components were screened, seventeen aroma components, including phenethyl alcohol and (E)-2-heptenal were identified as important contributors to the aroma of Camellia nanchuanica crude tea samples, while six aroma components including (E)-2-nonenal and (E)-2-octenal were identified as significant contributors to the aroma of Camellia nanchuanica Tuo tea samples. This study would provide a reference for the processing and storage of Camellia nanchuanica Tuo tea.

China has entered a stage of deep aging. The expanding aging population and subsequently an aging labor force pose significant challenges to China’s social and economic development. European Union (EU) countries have entered the aging phase earlier and to a greater extent. To address the labor shortage and the rising dependency ratio, the EU has implemented a series of policies and measures, including raising retirement age, promoting flexible retirement, enhancing work flexibility, improving welfare for elderly workers, creating age-friendly environments, focusing on occupational health, strengthening knowledge and skills training, and leveraging digital technologies in the workplace. These measures aim to prevent premature exit of elderly workers, better balance their work and life needs, improve occupational health and skills, and enhance overall work efficiency of companies. This review discussed the experience and lessons learned from the EU countries in addressing the aging workforce from the perspectives of occupational health and occupational skills development, aiming to provide rational suggestions to assist China in better adapting the challenges of aging workforce after steadily and orderly advancing the gradual reform of the statutory retirement age, thereby improving the efficiency of the overall workforce and the stability of the labor market, driving the talent dividend of highly educated and skilled middle-aged and elderly employees, and ultimately promoting sustained economic and social development.

In the context of facing the dual challenges of aging population and declining birth rates, the absolute number of working-age population in China is decreasing, while the proportion of middle-aged and elderly workers is significantly increasing. However, China possesses a vast labor force, and the advantages of talent dividend are gradually emerging, both of which can offset the negative impact of the shrinking demographic dividend on social productivity. Labor is the most active factor among various production factors and is an important component for developing new quality productive forces. With the development of new quality productive forces, occupational health and occupational medicine are presented with new development opportunities. In the process of aging of the labor force, occupational health and occupational medicine can investigate how to utilize next-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and other growth engines to safeguard the occupational health of workers, extend their working lives, actively unleash their creativity and initiative, and compensate for the labor shortage caused by an aging population and the potential decrease in labor productivity. This transformation in occupational health and occupational medicine is not only crucial for the health and career development of workers in an aging society, but will also have a positive impact on the creation of an age-friendly society and the sustainable development of productivity.

Although there are continuous progresses in economy and society, the accelerated aging process has brought widespread impacts on various aspects of society and economy in China, especially on the supply of the working-age population. Effectively addressing labor force aging has become an urgent challenge for China's economic and social development. North American countries, particularly the United States and Canada, are also facing severe aging population issues, and have entered an aging society earlier than China. These countries have alleviated labor supply shortages through proactive immigration policies, while implementing flexible retirement, reemployment of elderly individuals, and vocational training policies to effectively encourage elderly workers to remain in their jobs. Additionally, the occupational health programs of large enterprises in North America have yielded positive returns on their health investments. Building upon an overview of the current situation and corresponding measures in response to the aging working-age population in North America, this paper presented constructive recommendations to address the aging population issue in China.

BACKGROUND: Muscle aging is closely related to various epigenetic changes, and exercise has a certain regulatory effect on these epigenetic changes. However, the specific mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To review the epigenetic mechanisms of skeletal muscle and how exercise can improve skeletal muscle aging and promote adaptive changes in muscle through these epigenetic mechanisms, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of skeletal muscle aging and disease mechanisms. METHODS: During the period from June 1st to August 1st, 2023, literature searches were conducted for relevant literature published from database inception to August 2023 in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP. The search terms used included “skeletal muscle,” “muscle,” “aging,” “older adult,” “aging,” “exercise,” “physical exercise,” “epigenetic,” and “epigenetics” in Chinese as well as “skeletal muscle, muscle, aging, older adult, senescence, age, exercise, sports, physical activity, epigenetic, epigenetics” in English. Boolean logic operators were used to connect the search terms for retrieval, and corresponding strategies were developed. According to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 70 eligible articles were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Epigenetics refers to the phenomenon where gene expression and function are regulated without changes in gene sequence, and epigenetic changes in skeletal muscle are an important field. The epigenetic mechanisms of skeletal muscle play an important role in muscle aging, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, regulation of non-coding RNAs, chromatin remodeling, changes in mitochondrial function and expression changes of aging-related genes. Exercise significantly regulates the epigenetics of skeletal muscle, including promoting DNA methylation, muscle histone modification, regulating miRNA expression, and regulating lncRNA expression, regulating muscle factors (such as interleukin-6), regulating mitochondrial function (such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ co-activator 1α). Future studies are recommended for long-term, cross-diverse populationbased exercise interventions; the application of multi-omics techniques such as proteomics and metabolomics; strengthening the understanding of epigenetic changes at the single-cell level; cross-species comparative studies as well as human clinical trials for the translation of animal model findings to humans; strategies for combining exercise and pharmacological interventions to assess their synergistic effects; and epigenetic studies of crosstalk interactions between skeletal muscle and different organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the aging technology of Fuyuxiangxing crude Baijiu and improve its quality. Methods: Testing and analyzing the new wine and the Fuyuxiangxing crude Baijiu aged for 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 years allowed for the analysis of the physicochemical indexes such as pH, conductivity, viscosity, total acid and total ester. Additionally, the primary volatile flavor components of the six samples were qualitatively assessed using GC and GC-MS, and 26 volatile flavor components of the samples were quantitatively assessed using the external standard method. Results: With the increase of aging time, the conductivity increased, the viscosity increased, the total acid content increased and the total ester content decreased; 26 volatile flavor components were quantified in the 6 Fuyuxiangxing crude Baijiu, including 8 esters, 8 alcohols, 5 acids and 5 aldehydes and ketones, with the contents of esters increasing and then decreasing, the contents of alcohols showing a slow decreasing trend, and the contents of acids and aldehydes increasing. Both the principal component analysis (PCA) and the partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) could better distinguish Fuyuxiangxing crude Baijiu with different aging time. Conclusion: The preliminary study reveals the changing rules of physicochemical properties and flavor substances during the aging process of Fuyuxiangxing crude Baijiu, and the appropriate aging time can improve the quality of crude Baijiu, which can provide a reference for the optimization of the aging technology of Fuyuxiangxing crude Baijiu.

Aging is an inherent physiological phenomenon that occurs throughout human life. Numerous theories have been proposed to elucidate the distinctive features of aging, encompassing oxidative stress, imbalances in protein homeostasis, deterioration of gene stability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disorders in nutritional metabolism. The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the aging process is widely acknowledged. This paper aims to examine the potential mechanisms through which AGEs contribute to aging, and elucidate the association between AGEs and age-related ailments including cardiovascular diseases, chronic complications of diabetes, cataracts, Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. The objective is to present novel perspectives for anti-aging research, pharmaceutical interventions in age-related diseases, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the elderly.

Objective To explore the age-related biological properties of bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from mice of different age groups and their osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Methods Eight C57BL/6J mice were divided into a young group (4 weeks old, weighing 10~15 g, n=4) and an old group (12 months old, weighing 20~25 g, n=4), with half male and half female. MSCs were extracted from the whole bones of the 2 groups of mice. After the obtained cells were identified with flow cytometry for the surface markers, β-galactosidase staining was employed to compare the senescence level of BMSCs, MTT and EdU incorporation assays were conducted to compare the proliferation and self-renewal abilities of between the 2 groups. Western blotting was employed to analyze the expression of CyclinD1 and P21 in BMSCs. Then ALP staining, Alizarin Red staining and RT-qPCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation ability of the cells. RNA sequencing was performed to compare the differential gene expression in BMP2-induced BMSCs. Lastly, the sequencing results were re-confirmed by using flow cytometry. Results Flow cytometry showed that the sorted and cultured mouse BMSCs met the criteria for MSCs. The results of β-galactosidase staining indicated that the senescence level of BMSCs in the old group was significantly higher than that in the young group (P < 0.05). MTT and EdU doping experiments revealed that the cell viability and proliferation ability of BMSCs were significantly lower in the old group than the young group (P < 0.05). Western blotting displayed that the expression level of cell cycle protein CyclinD1 was lower, whereas that of cell cycle inhibitory factor P21 was significantly higher in the BMSCs from the old group than the cells from the young group (P < 0.05). ALP/Alizarin Red staining and RT-qPCR demonstrated that the BMSCs from the young group had stronger osteogenic differentiation capacity after BMP2 treatment when compared the cells of the old group (P < 0.05). RNA sequencing results displayed that the changing profile of CD51 expression was in opposite trends in the young and old BMSCs after BMP2 treatment. Finally, flow cytometry revealed that the percentage of CD51+ cells within the CD45- cells was significantly higher in the young group than the old group. Conclusion The decrease in the percentage of CD51+ cells among CD45- cells in aged BMSCs is closely associated with their decreased responsiveness to BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation.

The aim of this study was to uncover the molecular mechanism for high-sugar diet-induced aging of Caenorhabditis elegans. Changes in the gene expression profile of C. elegans induced by a high-glucose (HG) diet were explored by transcriptomics. The results showed that the expression of 4 183 genes in C. elegans significantly changed after HG diet consumption. In addition, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by HG diet treatment were significantly enriched in aging, unfolded protein binding, response to stress, autophagy, transferase activity, catalytic activity, and heat shock protein binding. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were also significantly enriched in longevity regulation of C. elegans, autophagy regulation, pyruvate metabolism, the forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glutathione metabolism, and the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that high-glucose diet up-regulated the expression of DEGs involved in the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway and of DEGs associated with glycolipid metabolism, and down-regulated the expression of DEGs related to heat stress resistance and antioxidant regulation. This study provides a theoretical basis for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of HG diet on the longevity and metabolism of C. elegans.

The corrosion environment of offshore carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) is harsher compared to onshore conditions, with pipelines and facilities exposed to marine environments externally and containing supercritical CO2 and corrosive impurities internally. In this paper, the corrosion risks and material selection for offshore facilities in CCUS were reviewed. The corrosion risks of metals included those induced by CO2-H2O phases, gas-phase impurities and Cl-. Material selection for metals mainly involved carbon steel, low-alloy steel and corrosion-resistant alloys, which were chosen according to different CCUS conditions. Additionally, non-metallic materials underwent chemical corrosion and physical degradation in supercritical CO2 environments. Increased permeability and expansion rates, and decreased mechanical properties were observed after supercritical CO2 testing. There was a risk of aging in non-metallic pipelines after long-term service. At present, further improvement was needed in understanding the corrosion failure mechanisms of materials in supercritical CO2 systems. Material selection for CCUS offshore facilities was still immature, especially under complex conditions involving multiple impurity gases, requiring more research to refine the selection system of CCUS offshore facility materials and support the large-scale application of CCUS offshore technology.

BACKGROUND: As we age, the function of various systems in the human body gradually decreases and the telomeres, located at the ends of chromosomes, consequently shorten, leading to the development and progression of various chronic age-related diseases. As a cost-effective intervention, scientific exercise has been shown to reduce the rate of telomere wear, maintain telomere length, delay the aging process and reduce the probability of disease. At the same time, better health level is important for healthy aging. OBJECTIVE: To sort out the role of telomeres in health promotion by analyzing telomere and physical fitness, the common adverse factors of telomere length shortening and chronic disease occurrence, and the influence of telomere length on the regulation of the occurrence and development of common chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity and mental disease, as well as to summarize the possible regulatory mechanism of exercise regulating telomere length, and to explore the role of telomere in the regulation of exercise on the above-mentioned chronic diseases for the purpose of health promotion. METHODS: The search terms of “exercise, telomere, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, aging” in Chinese and English were used to search the relevant literatures in CNKI and PubMed, respectively. A total of 108 articles were included for final review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In terms of physical fitness and health promotion, there is a strong correlation between the maximum aerobic exercise capacity and muscle strength of the human body and telomere length. Long-term physical exercise can enhance the level of physical fitness to maintain telomere length and promote the heath of the human body. In terms of chronic diseases and health promotion, abnormal telomere length can promote the occurrence of some chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and mental diseases, and the factors that accelerate the shortening of telomere length, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomerase activity, also have adverse effects on the development of these diseases. The regulation of telomere length by exercise can reduce the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, improve the activity of telomerase and enhance the stability of telomere protein complex. Through these regulatory mechanisms, exercise slows the rate of telomere wear and maintains consistent telomere length, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases associated with abnormal telomere length, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and mental diseases. Therefore, telomeres play a positive role when exercise is used to regulate related diseases and promote human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important model organism, Drosophila melanogaster has unique advantages in biological research because of its short life span, low culture cost, rich mutant resources and relatively simple gene operation. In recent years, with the vigorous development of food science, Drosophila melanogaster shows unique application value in screening new health food and pharmacological research. This paper reviews the methods and applications of establishing models of common human diseases and aging of Drosophila melanogaster, which lays a foundation for the study of the mechanism of diseases and aging, as well as the research and development of health food and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of digital health literacy on the aging expectations and healthy aging of rural empty nest elderly. Methods Using a multi-stage sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 457 rural empty nest elderly individuals in Chengde, Hebei Province, with the use of general information questionnaires, digital health literacy assessment scales, healthy aging scales, and aging expectation scales. Mediation effect testing procedures and Bootstrap procedures were applied to analyze and validate the mediating effect. Results The scores for healthy aging, aging expectations, and digital health literacy among rural empty nest elderly in Chengde were (96.77±11.90), (34.98±8.96), and (34»90±17.18), respectively. Correlation analysis showed that digital health literacy, aging expectations, and healthy aging were positively correlated with each other among rural empty nest elderly in Chengde (P<0.001). The results of the mediation effect test indicated that digital health literacy partially mediated the relationship between aging expectations and healthy aging among rural empty nest elderly, with a mediation effect ratio of 14.53%. Conclusion The healthy aging of rural empty nest elderly in Chengde was at a moderate level. Aging expectations directly influenced healthy aging and also indirectly influenced healthy aging tlirough digital health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The durability of waterproof materials is related to the durability and safety of buildings. The durability requirements and research status of 5 typical polymer waterproof materials such as SBS modified asphalt waterproofing material, TPO waterproofing material, PVC waterproofing material, polyurethane waterproofing coating and MS sealant are introduced. The shortcomings of current research are pointed out and suggestions for research directions are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rolling Stock (1002-7602) is the property of Rolling Stock Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of falls and serious falls among individuals aged 45 years and above in China, as well as explore the association between falls and multimorbidity, thereby providing empirical evidence for the formulation of effective strategies to prevent falls. Methods The study utilized data from the CHARLS 2020 dataset and employed various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, χ² test, quadratic regression, and logistic regression. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted on key variables. Results The prevalence of falls and serious falls among individuals aged 45 and above in China was found to be 17.42% and 6.86%, respectively. Multimorbidity emerged as a significant determinant influencing both falls and serious falls, with a higher number of diseases being associated with an increased prevalence of these events. Conclusion In order to effectively address the issue of falls in middle-aged and elderly individuals, particularly those with multimorbidity, it is imperative to integrate multimorbidity considerations into the comprehensive fall intervention process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of putrescine on oocyte quality in aged mice during in vitro maturation（IVM). Additionally, the effect of putrescine on mitochondria⁃associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane（MAM）in aged mouse oocytes will be investigated. Methods：Germinal vesical（GV）stage mouse oocytes were cultured in vitro until they reached the Meiosis（M）Ⅱ stage. The young control group consisted of 8⁃week⁃old mice, while the old control group consisted of 40⁃week⁃old mice. The old experimental group consisted of 40⁃week⁃old mouse oocytes supplemented with 0.5 mmol/L putrescine in the IVM solution. The oocyte quality was assessed by detecting the first polar body（PB1）extrusion rate, 2⁃cell rate, blastocyst formation rate, cortical granule distribution, spindle abnormality rate, and chromosome abnormality rate of oocytes at stage MⅡ. Additionally, MAM in MⅡ⁃ stage oocyte was observed using transmission electron microscopy, the content of key molecules for Ca2+ transfer was detected by qPCR, and the Ca2+ levels in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasm were determined using Ca2+ probes. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and reactive oxygen species（ROS）levels. Results：Putrescine increased the rate of PB1 extrusion（P < 0.05）and the blastocyst rate（P < 0.05）in oocytes of aged mice and significantly reduced the rate of cortical granule distribution abnormalities（P < 0.01), spindle abnormalities（P < 0.01), and chromosomal abnormalities（P < 0.05). The oocytes contained MAM structures. Putrescine prevented the shortening of MAM spacing（P < 0.001）in oocytes of aged mice and reduced the levels of key molecules for Ca2+ transfer between MAM（P < 0.05). Meanwhile, putrescine improved mitochondrial function（P < 0.05）and reduced intracellular ROS levels（P < 0.001）by alleviating mitochondrial calcium overload（P < 0.001）caused by rapid Ca2+ transfer between MAMs. Conclusion：The addition of putrescine to in vitro maturation cultures significantly improved the quality of oocytes of aged mice. Putrescine also alleviated mitochondrial calcium overload and improved mitochondrial function by modulating inter⁃MAM Ca2+ transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cellular senescence and fibrosis are two biological processes that are closely related to the development of many diseases. Cellular senescence can occur through mechanisms such as telomere shortening, DNA damage, and oxidative stress, leading to degradation of cell function and decreased ability to repair damage. More and more studies have shown that fibrosis and cell senescence are closely related, and cell senescence has been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence and development of scar fibrosis diseases. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between cellular senescence and scar fibrosis is helpful to find new therapeutic strategies and develop targeted drugs to reduce the process of scar fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Regular physical activity is beneficial to cardiovascular health and can prevent and treat chronic heart disease. However, the specific mechanism of mitochondria in the protective effect of exercise on the aging heart has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiac pathological remodeling in aging rats and to investigate the possible mechanism of mitochondrial quality control system. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into young sedentary group (6 months old), old sedentary group (20 months old) and old exercise group (20 months old) with 20 rats in each group. Rats in the young sedentary and old sedentary groups were fed in cages for 12 weeks, while those in the old exercise group underwent moderate-intensity aerobic treadmill exercise (60% of the maximal running speed, slope 0°, 60 minute per day, 5 days per week) for 12 weeks. After the experiment, the heart was extracted for relevant indicator tests. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cardiac morphology and myocardial histopathology: compared with the young sedentary group, the rats in the old sedentary group presented with concentric cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial cell apoptosis and loss, and cardiac diastolic dysfunction (P < 0.05); compared with the old sedentary group, animals in the old exercise group showed reduced myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis rates, increased cell numbers, improved cardiac function (P < 0.05), and a transition in cardiac phenotype from pathological to physiological hypertrophy. Mitochondrial function: compared with the young sedentary group, the generation rate of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide increased (P < 0.05), respiration rate and respiratory control ratio of state 3 and state 4 decreased (P < 0.05), activities of respiratory chain complexes I, II and IV decreased (P < 0.05), mitochondrial calcium retention capacity decreased (P < 0.05), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening increased (P < 0.05) in the old sedentary group. Compared with the old sedentary group, all of the above indicators were significantly improved in the old exercise group (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial quality control: compared with the young sedentary group, mitochondrial biogenesis decreased (P < 0.05), mitophagy activity increased (P < 0.05), mitochondrial fusion reduced (P < 0.05), and fission raised (P < 0.05) in the old sedentary group; compared with the old sedentary group, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy activity increased (P < 0.05), mitochondrial fusion raised (P < 0.05) and fission decreased (P < 0.05) in the old exercise group. To conclude, regular aerobic exercises exert cardioprotective effects in aging rats by regulating the mitochondrial quality control system, thus reversing pathological cardiac remodeling and improving cardiac function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adipose tissue serves as the largest energy storage and endocrine organ in the body. It plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and hormone secretion. However, with aging, the adipose tissue undergoes significant changes that can have detrimental effects on overall health. One of the key features of aging adipose tissue is the presence of senescent cells. These cells touch neighboring cells through the secretion of cytokines and the release of metabolites. This interaction can disrupt the normal function of adipose tissues and lead to systemic chronic inflammation or metabolic disorders. Currently, the microenvironment of the aging adipose tissue has not been fully clarified. Therefore, here we review the changes in the microenvironment of aging adipose tissues, including various cell types in the adipose tissue, fibrosis caused by extracellular matrix accumulation, cytokine and metabolites. These alterations can lead to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and premature aging. Finally, several strategies expected to delay adipose tissue aging are introduced, including improving adipocyte thermogenesis, senolytics, diet and exercise. This review aims to provide ta heoretical reference for the treatment of ageing-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Xuanwei BFE, XFE and Tengchong BFE tobacco leaves in Yunnan province as the research object, the conventional chemical components and volatile aroma components of the above three kinds of tobacco leaves under different storage warehouses (mechanical warehouse, natural warehouse, moisturizing warehouse) and different storage time (3 months, 9 months, 12 months, 15 months, 18 months) were compared and analyzed, and the volatile aroma components were analyzed by principal component analysis. The results showed the following: 1) the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in tobacco leaves decreased by 9%~19% and 12% ~22%, respectively. In natural warehouse, the reducing sugar and total sugar content of tobacco leaves decreased slowly, while in mechanical warehouse and moisturizing warehouse, the reducing sugar and total sugar contents decreased rapidly, but the contents of chloride ion and nicotine did not change basically. Furthermore, the sugar-nicotine ratio fluctuated in mechanical warehouse and moisturizing warehouse. The fluctuation range of Yunnan Tengchong BFE and Yunnan Xuanwei BFE tobacco leaves was 7~11, while the fluctuation range of Yunnan Xuanwei XFE tobacco leaves was 15~20. 2) With the proceeding of aging, the content of volatile aroma components of three kinds of tobacco leaves in different warehouse showed a rapid upward trend, among which acids, phenols and ketones increased significantly. In the natural warehouse, the content of volatile aroma components of three kinds of tobacco leaves was the lowest. 3) The two principal components extracted from the same type of tobacco leaves in different warehouses had a cumulative contribution rate of 100%, and the principal components of volatile aroma components in the same type of tobacco leaves in different warehouses showed significant differences. Accordingly, mechanical warehouse was more suitable for Yunnan Xuanwei BFE and XFE tobacco leaves aging, while moisturizing warehouse was more suitable for Yunnan Tengchong BFE tobacco leaves aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aging populations in developed countries necessitate effective strategies to promote the physical and mental health of older adults, a group at high risk of chronic diseases. Regular physical activity offers numerous physiological and psychological benefits to the elderly, including slowing brain function degeneration. Recent studies have explored the relationship between objectively measured vigorous physical activity (VPA) and health outcomes of middle-aged and older adults and introduced the concept of "Vigorous Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity (VILPA)." Methods: This study employed a narrative review approach to examine recent research related to VILPA and explored its potential as a future research topic in the fields of geriatric health and exercise science. Results: Two previous studies investigated the impact of VILPA on the health of middle-aged and older adults by using large samples and objective physical activity measurement tools (tri-axial accelerometers worn on the wrist). Through machine learning techniques, these studies differentiated participants engaged in VILPA and found that approximately 3-4 minutes of VILPA per day could reduce the risk of all-cause mortality, chronic disease mortality, and cancer incidence. However, current research on VILPA has limitations. Conclusion: Future research should focus on exploring the causal relationship between daily VPA or VILPA and the health of older adults. The findings of such studies could contribute to policies that promote physical activity of older people, help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and disability, and support the goal of healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most direct challenge to the healthcare system in Taiwan associated with population aging is the chronic and growing shortfall in medical and nursing practitioners. The integration of artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and advanced 5G communication technologies is making healthcare more streamlined and intuitive to improve healthcare service efficiency, encourage cross-disciplinary cooperation to improve patient health management, and introduce and mainstream innovative service models such as telecare. To this end, the wearable smart cardiac care system 'Vipasyana', jointly developed by the interdisciplinary research team of the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, not only has an innovative fully functional wireless wearable electrocardiograph but also uses machine learning-based detection/prediction methods to detect and monitor for emergencies such as myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, and heart failure. To handle the real-time streaming sensing data generated during clinical trials, a big data real-time streaming framework based on Apache Storm and microservices has also been integrated. In addition, a mobile phone app and virtual reality 3D ward round system providing a user-friendly management and monitoring tool for medical staffs were developed and integrated into the system. The 'Vipasyana' system is capable of providing precision medical services to individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the critical importance to national healthcare of developing and applying smart technologies to address the needs of Taiwan's rapidly aging society, "gerontechnology" is an industry sector that must be promoted to achieve related policy goals. The scope of technologies involved in gerontechnology is broad, with the application of smart technology often the focus of industrial development. The most crucial feature of gerontechnology-related "smart" products is the collection, analysis, and feedback of target data in the application process necessary to facilitate the provision of "precision" aged care. The application of smart technology to meet the rapidly increasing life and care needs of older adults in aging societies is increasingly valued worldwide. However, the practical implementation of smart technology in aged care is still not widespread, and thus represents an urgent problem to be solved. There are many aspects to consider in the practical application of gerontechnology, among which caregivers are the key to practical application, with product suitability being the first concern of caregivers. In this article, a process is proposed to allow caregivers to assess the suitability of gerontechnology smart products in terms of "data sensing and transmission," "indicator identification and analysis," "event prediction and feedback," and "intervention measures." Based on the World Health Organization's concept of implementing research in healthcare, decision-making evaluation indicators for product selection and a product suitability questionnaire for institutional care are proposed with the goal of providing a practical tool for care institutions to assess the suitability of gerontechnology smart products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rubber Industry is the property of Editorial Office of China Rubber Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)