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Objectives To investigate the role of plasma catestatin levels in the clinical classification of coronary heart disease， degree of coronary artery stenosis， and the character of coronary atherosclerotic plaque determined by Optical Coherence Tomography. Methods From October 2014 to March 2018， a total of 166 patients with chest pain， in Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University， who were willing to receive coronary angiography examination, were recruited in this study. All the subjects were examined by CAG．Some were also examined by OCT. According to clinical manifestations and CAG results， the subjects were divided into non-coronary heart disease group (control group)， stable angina pectoris group (SAP group)， and acute coronary syndrome group (ACS group). The acute coronary syndrome group can be further divided into an unstable angina pectoris subgroup (UAP group)， non-ST elevation myocardial infarction subgroup(NSTEMI group) and ST elevation myocardial infarction subgroup (STEMI group). The subjects were Gensini scored according to the results of CAG. The patients were divided into stable plaque group(SP group) and unstable plaque group (UP group) according to the results of OCT examination. Enzyme-linked Immuno Sorbent Assay was used to detect the level of CST in plasma. Results (1) The plasma level of CST in ACS group were higher than those in the SAP group and the control group (P<0.01) ; the plasma level of CST in the STEMI group and NSTEMI group were higher than those in the SAP group (P<0.05) ; the plasma level of CST in the UP group were higher than those in the SP group (P<0.01). (2) The number of coronary Gensini scores in the ACS group were higher than those in the SAP group (P<0.05)，the Gensini scores in the SAP group， UAP group， STEMI group and NSTEMI group increased gradually (P<0.05) (3) The plasma levels of CST were moderately correlated with Gensini scores (P=0.737). (4)Logistic regression analysis showed that CST was an independent risk factor to affect plaque stability. Conclusion The plasma level of CST is positively correlated with the severity of coronary stenosis；The consistence of CST of plasma is related to the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome; The consistence of CST in plasma of the patients with vunlnerable plaque is high. Taking also the cardiac function， hypertension and arrhythmia in the patients into consideration, the levels of CST in the plasma can roughly reflect the stability of the coronary plaques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between Serum catestatin （CST） and chronic heart failure（CHF） ．Methods A total of 120 patients with CHF and 40 healthy people were selected . The concentration of serum CST was measured by ELISA.N-terminal fragment of pro-brain sodium peptides （NT-proBNP） was measured byFluorescence immunoassay.Left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） was detected by Echocardiography. The CHF group was divided into 4 groups according to NYHA functional classification: NYHA class I. （n＝20）， NYHA Class II （n＝38）， NYHA Class III （n＝40）， NYHA Class IV （n＝22） .The correlation between CST and NYHA functional classification， NT-proBNP and LVEF， were determined by PEARSON correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC curve） was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of CST in heart failure．Results （1） The serumNT-proBNP（ ＜0.001） and CSTlevel （ ＜ 0.001）in the CHF group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group，but LVEF（P<0.05）in the CHF groupwas significantly lower than that in the normal control group. 2.The CHF group was divided into four groups based on the NYHA functional classification. There was no significant difference in age， sex， drug use（including receptor blocker， ACEI/ARB， spironolactone） and smoking， hypertension， diabetes， creatinine， etc..3.The NT-proBNP and CST in each group were different （P < 0.001） ，and both of them increase as the heart function deteriorates. 4.PEARSON correlation analysis has shown that CST is positively correlated with NYHA functional classification（ r= 0.732， P< 0.001） and NT-proBNP（r = 0.791， P< 0.001），but negativelycorrelated with LVEF （r = -0.802， P< 0.001） . 5.The ROC curve has shown that CST is valuable for diagnosis of chronic heart failure（area=0.976， P < 0.001， sensitivity=0.942， specificity=0.908） . Conclusion The serum CST level in CHF patients was significantly higher than that in the normal control group. CST increases as the heart function deteriorates，which has certain clinical diagnostic value for CHF . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the correlation between the catestatin (CST) level and ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Sixty male rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=20) and AMI group (n=40). Myocardial infarction was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Thirty-six rats in AMI groupsurvived. Both groups were detected for plasma CST level, ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility, ventricular vulnerable period and effective refractory period so as to evaluate the effect of CST on VA in AMI. Results Compared with that in sham group, LVEF reduced significantly in AMI group (P <0.01), while LVEDD, LVESD and CST increased (P <0.01). After programmed electrical stimulation, in AMI group VA was induced in 31 rats (86.1%) (P<0.01), ventricular vulnerable period extended, and effective refractory period shortened (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased LVEF and increased CST were the independent risk factors of VA in AMI rats (P<0.01 to P<0.05). Conclusion The CST level is an independent risk factor for VA in AMI; therefore, it can be used to evaluate the prognosis of AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the roles of catestatin (CST) in 2-kidney-1 clip (2K1C)-induced renal hypertension in rats, and to explore the underlying mechanism., Methods: Thirty six male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group ( n =15) and Model group( n =21).The model group was performed by 2K1C operation. For 2K1C operation, the left renal arteries were narrowed by cotton thread. The Sham group was treated with the same condition as the 2K1C group except the renal artery was narrowed. Tail-cuff systemic blood pressure of rats was measured before and every weeks after 2K1C operation. Six weeks after 2K1C operation, a carotid artery catheter was inserted to measure blood pressure of rats under anesthesia. Then, the model group was randomly subdivided into 2K1C group ( n =15) and 2K1C+CST group ( n =6). The rats of 2K1C+CST group were intravenous given CST (80 μ g/100 g) and the rats of Sham or 2K1C group were given normal saline. All rats were sacrificed after blood pressure was measured and blood was collected. Then, the left ventricular plus interventricular septum weight (LV+S) was weighted and the ratio of (LV+S)/body weight(BW) was calculated as the index of left ventricular hypertrophy. Norepinephrine (NE) contents in plasma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and CST contents in plasma by ELISA. The nitrite/nitrate contents in the left ventricular tissue and plasma were measured by nitrate reduction method to represent nitric oxide (NO)contents.Expression levels of CST in the left ventricle, kidney, medulla oblongata and adrenal gland,as well as eNOS and iNOS, were tested by Western blot., Results: ①The 2K1C group had higher tail-artery blood pressure( P <0.01) and were more marked presence of right ventricular hypertrophy than those of sham group ( P <0.01). Compared with Sham group, plasma CST content in 2K1C group was decreased by 226% ( P <0.01), while plasma NE content in 2K1C group was increased by 246% ( P <0.01), expression levels of chromograminA(Chga) in medulla oblongata of 2K1C group were increased by 108%, in leftventricle and kidneywere decreased by 60% and 30%, respectively ( P <0.05).the content of NO in left ventricular and plasmawere increased by 46% and 24% respectively. ②The carotid arterial blood pressure of 2K1C group markedly reduced after administration of CST.③Compared with 2K1C group, the content of NO in left ventricul and plasma of 2K1C+CST group were increased by 35% and 19% respectively( P <0.05). The expression of eNOS in left ventricular of 2K1C+CST group were also obviously increased., Conclusions: The CST expression of 2K1C-induced renal hypertension rats is reduced and the effects of exogenous CST lowering their blood pressure may be related to NO/NOS system.Therefore, we speculate CST could contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of renal hypertension.