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Objective To explore the biomarkers and potential mechanisms of chronic restraint stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice. Methods The hyperlipidemia combined with the chronic stress model was established by restraining the ApoE-/- mice. Proteomics and bioinformatics techniques were used to describe the characteristic molecular changes and related regulatory mechanisms of chronic stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice and to explore potential diagnostic biomarkers. Results Proteomic analysis showed that there were 43 significantly up-regulated and 58 significantly down-regulated differentially expressed proteins in hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress group compared with the hyperlipidemia group. Among them, GBP2, TAOK3, TFR1 and UCP1 were biomarkers with great diagnostic potential. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that ferroptosis was a significant pathway that accelerated the myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia combined with restraint stress-induced model. The mmu_circ_0001567/miR-7a/Tfr-1 and mmu_circ_0001042/miR-7a/Tfr-1 might be important circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to ferroptosis in this model. Conclusion Chronic restraint stress may aggravate myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice via ferroptosis. Four potential biomarkers are selected for myocardial injury diagnosis, providing a new direction for sudden cardiac death （SCD） caused by hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress.

Background Breast cancer is a common clinical malignant tumor, which seriously affects the health of women. Although the current targeted therapy system for breast cancer is well established, the difference in clinical efficacy between double-target therapy and single-target therapy remains unclear.Objective To explore the effects of different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens on the immune indicators and tumor microenvironment in HER2-positive breast cancer patients.Methods A total of 92 patients with HER-2-positive breast cancer admitted to Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from September 2017 to September 2021 were collected and randomly divided into the study group (trastuzumab+patuzumab+docetaxel therapy, n=46) and the control group (trastuzumab+docetaxel therapy, n=46) . The clinical efficiency rate and control rate, the changes of inflammatory factors levels and immunological indicators were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical efficiency rate and control rate after treatment of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P

Objective To analyze the levels of serum procalcitonin (PCT) , heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio (MPV/PLT) in patients with urosepsis and their prognostic value. Methods A total of 140 patients with urosepsis admitted to Zhangjiakou First Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected. The patients were divided into survival group (105 patients) and death group (35 patients) according to whether they were survived 28 d after hospitalization. A total of 30 healthy subjects matched with gender and age of patients with urosepsis were selected as the control group. Levels of PCT, H-FABP and MPV/PLT were compared among the three groups, and the value of each index alone and in combination for predicting the outcome of urosepsis was evaluated. Results The levels of PCT, H-FABP and MPV/PLT decreased in the order of death group, survival group, and control group (P＜0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that low SBP and PaO2/FiO2, high PCT, H-FABP and MPV/PLT levels were independent risk factors for poor outcome in urosepsis (P＜0.05) . The areas under the ROC curve of PCT, H-FABP and MPV/PLT alone in predicting the poor outcome of urosepsis were 0.692, 0.860 and 0.674, respectively, and the area under the ROC curre for combined prediction were 0.862. Conclusion Compared with healthy subjects, the levels of PCT, H-FABP and MPV/PLT are abnormally increased in patients with urosepsis, which may be valuable for prognostic evaluation.

Taiwan has been developing local historical studies for more than 30 years, and there have been problems such as the research data cannot be effectively preserved, added value, reused, transformed, and promoted. Based on the concept of digital curation, this paper proposes a digital curation model of local historical research data, and uses the two ancient forts of Keelung and Tamsui left over from the Spanish-Dutch period in northern Taiwan in the 17th century as examples. We start with the relevant historical material, collecting, screening, and compiling literature data, carry out field surveys and digitize the collected materials for processing and preservation. Furthermore, consider the subsequent access, presentation and reuse of digital content in order to transform it into popular science content suitable for public viewing. Finally, through the development and presentation of 3D models, the actual experience of VR virtual curation, plus the production and broadcasting of videos, the integration of virtual and real is carried out. In addition, this research also promotes online curation in response to the Covid-19 epidemic. The benefits can be learned from the analysis of online viewing data that digital curation does have the effect of not being restricted by time and space.

Rice noodle is traditional food in China, with a soft, flexible and smooth texture, which is loved by the general public. However, there is a wide variety of rice noodles and has a strong regional character. At present, in the rice noodle quality evaluation indicators and the selection of raw material for rice noodles, there is no unified national standards for rice noodles class. Therefore, this paper reviewed the classification of rice noodles based on the existing relevant studies, and discussed the quality evaluation indexes of rice noodles from three aspects: sensory evaluation, physicochemical characteristics and texture characteristics of rice noodle. We also analyzed and compared the indicators and suitable range of rice suitable for rice noodle production, and discussed the influence of the production process of rice noodle on the quality of rice noodle from five aspects: fermentation, milling, pasting, aging and drying. Finally, the main points of controlling the risk of microbial contamination during the production of rice noodle were discussed, order to provide reference for establishing unified evaluation standard for rice noodles and principles of rice noodles selection, optimizing rice noodles process technology, and minimizing the risk of microbial contamination during the production of rice noodles.

In wind power generation system, studying the correlation characteristics between wind speed and power fluctuation can provide a good theoretical basis for wind power prediction, and has important reference value for enhancing the security and stability of power system. Aiming at the problem that power does not fluctuate linearly in real time with wind speed fluctuation, this paper has divided the wind speed and power fluctuation process by K-means clustering algorithm and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm respectively, and obtained five different fluctuation processes. Then, the correlation characteristics of wind speed and power fluctuation under different fluctuation processes are analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis method and grey correlation analysis method. The results show that the maximum correlation coefficient is 0.492 5 and the minimum correlation coefficient is 0.331 8 in K-means clustering. In fuzzy C-means clustering, the maximum correlation coefficient is 0.486 8 and the minimum correlation coefficient is 0.329 3. Under all fluctuation processes, the grey correlation degree is around 0.5, indicating that the trend of power fluctuation is similar to that of wind speed fluctuation.

ObjectiveTo assess the risk factors of puerperal genital hematomas in women after vaginal delivery. Methods Clinical data of 34 945 cases of vaginal delivery were reviewed retrospectively. According to the incidence of puerperal genital hematomas, 112 women presenting with puerperal genital hematomas were divided into the genital hematomas group, and 260 randomly selected from 34 833 normal women were assigned into the control group. Clinical data of 372 cases were collected and compared between two groups. The risk factors of puerperal genital hematomas were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results The total incidence of puerperal genital hematomas was 0.32% （112/34 945） in this study. No statistical significance was observed in the gravidity, first stage of labor time, second stage of labor time, the number of precipitate labor, neonatal birth weight and the number of macrosomia between two groups （all P > 0.05）. However, the proportion of nulliparity, episiotomy, perineal laceration, vaginal laceration, and instrumental delivery in the genital hematomas group was significantly higher compared with that in the control group （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that nulliparity （OR=1.663, 95%CI 1.003-2.757） and vaginal laceration （OR=3.698, 95%CI 1.962-6.970） were risk factors of puerperal genital hematomas （both P < 0.05）. Conclusions Nulliparity, episiotomy, perineal laceration, vaginal laceration, and instrumental delivery are associated with a higher rate of puerperal genital hematomas. Clinicians should pay extensive attention to nulliparity and vaginal laceration, deliver effective interventions and improve clinical prognosis of pregnant women after vaginal delivery.

Focusing on the uneven settlement of surrounding buildings caused by deep foundation pit dewatering in loess area, this study analyzed the mechanism of ground settlement induced by foundation pit dewatering, deduced the simplified calculation formula of ground settlement caused by dewatering based on the layer-wise summation method and shear displacement method. First, the equation of the cone of depression was derived from Dupuit formula by ignoring group well effect and lateral displacement. The soil around the pit was divided into a drained zone and a saturated zone by the precipitation curve. Then introduce modification factor, and the effective stress increment caused by the reduction of pore water pressure in different loess layers was corrected. Finally, the constraint function of lateral friction located in soil-pile interface towards soil settlement was considered. The settlement at different distances from the dewatering well was calculated respectively, the actual settlement was the sum of the both. Instance calculates was performed based on an engineering example of foundation pit dewatering by finite element software Abaqus, and comparative analysis was carried out between numerical results and measured field data. The research results show that the position where the constraint effect of lateral friction became most significant was at the interface of soil and pile; the accuracy of settlement calculation in this paper was much higher than that of the normative method in the range of 1.5 times of precipitation depth, which can better predicted the ground settlement at different distances around the foundation pit in loess region during dewatering. The study could provide reference for calculating ground subsidence in similar phreatic aquifers.

Objective To analyze relationship between autonomic nervous function and cognitive function in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods A total of 130 elderly patients with PD admitted to The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022 were included. Hoehn-Yahr staging was used to evaluate stage of the disease, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) was used to evaluate the severity of motor disorders, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease - Autonomic (SCOPA - AUT) was used to evaluate autonomic nervous function, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate cognitive function, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was used to evaluate the severity of nonmotor symptoms. Results According to whether the patients were accompanied by Alzheimer's disease (AD), they were divided into a group with AD (n = 82) and a group without AD (n = 48). The proportion of Hoehn-Yahr staging 3 to 5 (χ² = 5.689, P = 0.017), UPDRS III score (t = 21.490, P = 0.000), SCOPA-AUT score (t = 21.330, P = 0.000), dysregulation of body temperature (χ² = 8.512, P = 0.004), urinary dysfunction (χ² = 17.270, P = 0.000), gastrointestinal dysfunction (χ² = 24.471, P = 0.000), dysregulation of pupil (χ² = 5.299, P = 0.021), cardiovascular dysfunction (χ² = 15.355, P = 0.000) and NMSS score (t = 32.309, P = 0.000) in the group with AD were higher than those in the group without AD, the MMSE (t = 4.730, P = 0.000) and MoCA (t = 6.840, P = 0.000) total scores and subtype scores (P = 0.000, for all) in the group with AD were lower than those in the group without AD. Correlation analysis showed that the SCOPA-AUT score of PD patients with AD was negatively correlated with MMSE and MoCA total scores and subtype scores (P = 0.000, for all). Conclusions The autonomic dysfunction of elderly PD patients with AD is more serious, and the autonomic nervous function is closely related to cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain the curing reaction temperature parameters of E-glass fiber/epoxy resin prepreg, DSC was carried out. Kissinger and Crane equations were used to obtain the phenomenological nth-order reaction curing kinetic parameters of the prepreg. The optimal curing temperature of the prepreg was obtained by T-β extrapolation method, and the phenomenological curing kinetic model of the prepreg was established. Monolayer board and laminate of[0]10 were prepared by molding process. The dynamic thermodynamic properties of the prepreg were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results show that the apparent activation energy and the reaction order of the prepreg are 87.8 kJ/mol and 0.93, respectively. The glass transition temperature Tg of the laminates is 130-133℃. The loss factor tanδ of[0]10 laminate is higher than that of monolayer board.

As a new type of two-dimensional nanomaterials, MXene has been widely investigated since its discovery at 2011 due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, such as high conductivity, good lubricity, electromagnetism and other special properties. Hence, in addition to the performance of the traditional two-dimensional materials, MXene has been extensively used in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, lubrication, electromagnetic shielding, sensor, water purification and so on,and certain results and progress were achieved. The latest researches of MXene at structure, property and preparation methods, as well as the related achievements in lithium ion battery, supercapacitor and others at our country and overseas in recent years were reviewed in this paper. Moreover, the shortcomings of current research were summarized, and the future research direction were prospected as well.

The current research progress in the influence of static magnetic field on the microstructures of directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy at home and abroad was reviewed, and the effect of different ways, strength of static magnetic fields on the dendritic microstructure, elemental segregation, solidification defects and high temperature mechanical properties was emphatically analyzed. The potential development of static magnetic field in directional solidification of nickel-based superalloy was proposed from the control of stray crystals at variable cross-sections, the control of crystal orientation deviation, and the influence mechanism of static magnetic field on solidification properties.

Since the reform and opening up, a number of post-neighboring new cities have been built in various regions of China for economic development of coast regions. In order to reflect the overall characteristics of the spatial development of port-neighboring new cities nationwide, 17 typical port-neighboring new cities with a spatial structure of "post-industry-city" were selected as the research object, and the spatial expansion characteristics, the spatial structure characteristics, the main problems, the influencing factors of spatial development were analyzed. The results are shown as follows. 1 The spatial expansion of post-neighboring new cities showed a development pattern of agglomeration-dispersion-agglomeration with time variation. The post-neighboring new cities built in 1980s and 1990s were dominated by marginal expansion and their space was relatively compact. While, those built in the 21st century were mainly based on enclave-style expansion, with rapid spatial expansion but relatively scattered development. 2 The post-neighboring new cities built in 1980s gradually formed a stable spatial structure of "port-industry-city" (20% = 45% = 35%)and the spatial connection with the central urban area was continuously strengthened. For the post-neighboring new cities built in 1990s,the proportion of industrial land increased, and the post-neighboring new cities had a diminished tendency to grow closer to central cities. The post-neighboring new cities built in the 21st century had a relatively high proportion (over 65%) of industrial land and a relatively low proportion of urban land, the spatial correlation between the port-neighboring new city and the central city is very low. 3 The differences in spatial expansion and spatial structure of the post-neighboring new cities were affected by the development of posts, spatial distance with the central urban area, post construction time, population increment, etc. Finally, the suggestions are put forward to the development of the post-neighboring new cities built in different ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium isotopes have become one of the effective tools for studying and comparing global geological events such as globeil sea level changes, orogeny, paleoclimate, and paleoenvironment. This article takes the field profiles and drilled cores of Early and Middle Triassic evaporites in the eastern region of Sichuan Basin as the main research objects, tests the strontium isotope compositions of carbonate rocks, sulfate rocks, and halite rocks, and establishes the corresponding strontium isotope evolution curves. The results show that the average 87Sr/86Sr value of carbonate rocks is 0. 707 895, the average 87Sr/86Sr value of anhydrite rocks is 0. 708 174, and the average 87Sr/86Sr value of halite rocks is 0. 708 177, and the 87Sr/86Sr value of carbonate rocks increased rapidly from 0. 707 413 in the Early Triassic to 0. 708 515 in the early Middle Triassic, and then showed a downward trend. Overall, the 87Sr/86Sr values Eire close to the published global 87Sr/86Sr data of the same period in the Early and Middle Triassic, indicating that the material source of the Early and Middle Triassic potassium salt in the eastern region of the Sichuan Basin is mostly seawater and deposited in a marine sedimentary environment. At the same time, the greenhouse effect caused by volcanic activity also provides climatic conditions for potassium salt deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The black shale of the Longmaxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze region is rich in graptolites. Most of them were preserved as a carbonaceous film, and enriched in organic-rich layers. Previous research focuses mainly on the graptolite morphology and evolution process after diagenesis, but the direct evidence for the fossil formation is still lacking. OBJECTIVES To explore the formation mechanism of graptolite in the Longmaxi Formation and its geological significance on organic matter enrichment. METHODS Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used for the in situ multi-element imaging of graptolites and surrounding rocks from the Longmaxi Formation of the N203 well. RESULTS Analysis of the distribution and enrichment degree of major ore-forming elements indicates that Mg, Al, Si, Fe were rich in the carbonaceous film surface of graptolite, with a enrichment degree ranging from 1.5 to 10. However, Sr/Ba values (1.4-2.3) of the carbonaceous film type graptolite were lower than that of the surrounding rocks (>5.0). This indicated that embedding by clay minerals was the main process of graptolite preservation. The sulfidic micro-environment caused by embedding of clay minerals benefited the pyritization of the graptolite organism. Combing with the vertical variation and correlation analysis of the cross-section graptolite ratio, organic matter, pyrite, clay mineral content and δ13Corg value, it can be concluded that the flourishing of the microbial mat in early stage and sulfate-reducing bacteria in later stage consumed oxygen in the pore water and caused anoxic bottom water, and should be the main reason of massive burial of graptolite and organic matter. CONCLUSIONS The result revealed the burial and mineralization mechanism of graptolite in the Longmaxi Formation, and also provided a new method for studying the controlling factors of organic matter enrichment and black shale formation.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns and prognosis factors of female invasive breast cancer patients over 70 years old. Methods A total of 178 female invasive breast cancer patients over 70 years old were included in this retrospective study. Their clinicopathological characteristics, treatment options, including operation and adjuvant treatment, overall survival and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results These 178 patients accounted for 12.4% of all breast cancer patients registered in our institution during the same period; 83.7% of these patients were complicated with at least one comorbidity; stage T1 and T2 patients accounted for 46.1% and 36.5%, respectively, and major pathological type was invasive ductal carcinoma; positive ER and(or) PR patients accounted for 81.6%. Tumor size, lymph node status, TNM stage, PR status, comorbidities and axillary operation were found to be independent factors to influence chemotherapy by multivariate analysis. Age was the only factor to influence radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 51 months, the cumulative 3-and 5-year disease-free survival were 91.8% and 80.5%, and the 3-year overall survival was 94%. Factors affecting the prognosis were tumor size, lymph node status, TNM stage and operation options by univariate analysis. Insufficient treatment, especially insufficient chemotherapy, would affect elderly breast cancer patients' survival, without significant difference. Conclusion Female breast cancer patients over 70 years old are mainly with early-stage cancer, good pathologic types and prognosis. Treatment options are influenced by TNM stage, molecular types, age and comorbidities. Most causes of death are non-breast cancer specific. Surgery is still the most important treatment method to improve patients' survival.

SnSe has been demonstrated a thermoelectric material with great application potential. In this paper, a series of SnSe0.95-x mol% MnCl2 samples were prepared by melting method combined with SPS sintering, and the effect of MnCl2 doping on the thermoelectric properties of n-type polycrystalline SnSe was studded. The results show that all the samples exhibit obvious anisotropy, and have better thermoelectric properties along the direction parallel to the sintering pressure. The increase of MnCl2 doping concentration causes the change of Sn phase content and the precipitation of SnCl2 phase in the sample, thus affecting the carrier concentration and mobility, and improving the conductivity and See beck coefficient of the samples after thermal exaction. In addition, the point defects and SnCl2 precipitation introduced by MnCl2 doping significantly enhance the phonon scattering and reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials. However, the thermal conductivity increases slightly with the increase of MnCl2 doping amount. As a result, the SnSe0.9--0.5 mol% MnCl2 sample obtains a maximum ZT value of 1.01 at 773 K, which Is nearly 22 times that of the undead sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SnSe has been demonstrated a thermoelectric material with great application potential. In this paper, a series of SnSe0.95-x mol% MnCl2 samples were prepared by melting method combined with SPS sintering, and the effect of MnCl2 doping on the thermoelectric properties of n-type polycrystalline SnSe was studded. The results show that all the samples exhibit obvious anisotropy, and have better thermoelectric properties along the direction parallel to the sintering pressure. The increase of MnCl2 doping concentration causes the change of Sn phase content and the precipitation of SnCl2 phase in the sample, thus affecting the carrier concentration and mobility, and improving the conductivity and See beck coefficient of the samples after thermal exaction. In addition, the point defects and SnCl2 precipitation introduced by MnCl2 doping significantly enhance the phonon scattering and reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials. However, the thermal conductivity increases slightly with the increase of MnCl2 doping amount. As a result, the SnSe0.9--0.5 mol% MnCl2 sample obtains a maximum ZT value of 1.01 at 773 K, which Is nearly 22 times that of the undead sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open access is a mode of academic communication that has been on the rise in recent years, but open access academic resources are widely dispersed across the internet, making it occasionally inconvenient in terms of its use. This research is focused on library and information science, using the OAIS reference model as the system framework, two open access platform, DOAJ and E-LIS as the data sources, and through system implementation develop a “library and information science open access journal union catalogue” system. Using the OAI-PMH protocol as the data interoperability standard, and LAMP as the development environment, four major functionalities: injest, archiving, management and access of information were designed, developed, and integrated into system build. Actual testing and verification showed this system is able to successfully collect data from DOAJ and E-LIS open journal resources related to library and information science. The system is now active and functional, and can be used by researchers in the library and science information field.

Evaluating reservoirs by pore structure has been widely used in oil and gas development, but this method has not yet been used in the evaluation of potassium salt reservoirs. The pore throat type and structure, capillary pressure curve, and quantitative feature parameters of pore throat of the Paleocene-Cretaceous-rich potassium-rich brine reservoir in Jianghan basin are studied by using a large number of reservoir porosity and pore throat data obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Mercury Intrusion. Combined with the discharge pressure and other experimental parameters, the pore structure is divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ types. The results show that the sandstone reservoirs of the Paleocene Shashi Formation are dominated by type Ⅱ pore structure with the average displacement pressure of 2.72 MPa and the average porosity of 6.32%. The sandstone reservoirs of the Cretaceous Honghuatao Formation are dominated by Ⅰ and Ⅱ pore structure types. The displacement pressure of type Ⅰ is 0.28 MPa, the average porosity is 16.99%, and the permeability is 87.79×10-3 μm2. The average displacement pressure of type Ⅱ is 1.103 MPa, the average porosity is 10.02%, and the permeability is 18.83×10-3 μm2. The quality of the reservoir was evaluated by a comprehensive analysis of pore throat quantitative parameters such as maximum mercury saturation, maximum pore throat radius, median radius and mercury recovery efficiency. It is believed that the sandstone type of the Paleocene Shashi Formation is dominated by siltstone, and the quality of the reservoir is poor, which belongs to the low porosity and low permeability reservoir. The sandstone type of the Cretaceous Honghuatao Formation is mainly fine sandstone, and the reservoir is of good quality and belongs to low porosity and low permeability reservoir. This study provides a reliable geological basis for the evaluation of potassium-rich brine reservoirs and for further exploration and development.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of expression level of serum cystatin C (Cys-C) on early diagnosis of newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Methods A total of 101 PD patients were divided into 2 groups: PD-MCI gruop (N = 43) and PD with normal cognition group (control group, N = 58). The levels of serum Cys-C, lipid, creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA) were tested. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate cognitive function, and Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between PD-MCI and the level of serum Cys-C. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to detect the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis. Results The expression level of serum Cys-C in PD-MCI group [(1.12 ± 0.10) mg/L] was higher than that of control group [(1.00 ± 0.15) mg/L, P = 0.000]. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum Cys-C was the independent risk factor for PD-MCI (OR = 4.285, 95% CI: 1.301-14.112; P = 0.017); Spearman rank correlation analysis showed the expression level of serum Cys-C was negatively correlated with MMSE total score (rs = -0.831, P = 0.000), MoCA total score (rs = -0.848, P = 0.000), visuospatial/executive function (rs = -0.495, P = 0.001), attention/counting (rs = -0.339, P = 0.026) and delayed recall (rs = -0.307, P = 0.045). ROC curve analysis showed that area under the curve (AUC) was 0.707 (95%CI: 0.603-0.811, P = 0.000). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 53.50% and 82.80% respectively, and the critical value of serum Cys-C level was 1.105 mg/L. Conclusions Increased expression level of serum Cys-C maybe closely related with newly diagnosed PD-MCI, and has a certain value to the early diagnosis of PD-MCI. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.08.007

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despiting the great progress on target agents, majority of people who do not harbor a mutation could not get benefit from them. Immunotherapy, through stimulating the body's immune system to improve the antitumor immunity effect, has been a new therapeutic method for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Study had been reported that immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand (L) 1 axis, are closedly related with cancer generation and development, and play a key role on clinical significance of NSCLC. Activation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway contributes to tumor immune escape, and block PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can enhance endogenous antimuor immunity. Currently increasing clinical trials suggested that immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies turned out to be beneficial and safe in NSCLC. Here, we provide a review on the progress of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC.

[Objectives] To compare the insecticidal activity of four commonly used insecticides; emamectin benzoate, beta-cypermethrin, chlorobenzuron and matrine, on the larvae of Hyphantria cunea (Drury), in order to determine which have a significant synergistic interaction with the Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HycuNPV). [Methods] Groups of 3rd instar larvae of H. cunea infected with HycuNPV were treated with one of the four chemical insecticides above using the artificial feed surface coating method. The synergistic interaction between each insecticide and HycuNPV was then evaluated using the co-toxicity factor method. Those insecticides with a significant synergistic effect were identified, and the optimal pesticide: virus ratio and concentration was determined. [Results] The relative toxicity of the four insecticides tested was: emamectin benzoate >beta-cypermethrin>chlorobenzuron>matrine, and their median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 0.021, 2.149, 4.522 and 70.255 mg-L-1, respectively. A combination of emamectin benzoate (0.021 mg-L-1) and HycuNPV(1.18x106 OBs mL-1) had a significant synergistic effect. A pesticide: virus volume ratio of 1-9 resulted in a 29.06 fold increase in mortality and a 2.89 day reduction in the median lethal time (LT50) compared to HycuNPV in isolation. [Conclusion] Among the insecticides tested, emamectin benzoate had both the highest toxicity to 3rd instar H. cunea larvae, and the greatest synergy with HycuNPV. Optimum toxicity was achieved at a concentration of 0.021 mg L-1 emamectin benzoate and 1.18x106 OBsmL-1 HycuNPV and a volume ratio of 1:9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To follow up the outcome of 2455 patients with epilepsy (the cohort) treated by phenobarbital (PB) during the WHO⁃Global Campaign Against Epilepsy Demonstration Project (GCAE/DP) in rural China after 4 years of its termination, to provide practical evidence for community control of epilepsy in rural China. Methods In 2008, the trained local township physicians, using a well⁃designed questionnaire, by door⁃to⁃door interview, followed up the cohort residents in 8 counties of 6 provinces where the GCAE/DP was conducted and completed for 4 years. Results One thousand seven hundred and eighty of the 2455 patients were visited in the follow⁃up study. Nine hundred and thirty⁃nine (52.75%) were still taking PB, the effectiveness rates (seizure free and seizure frequency reduced > 50%) among them at 12, 24, 36, 48 months after the GCAE/DP were 66.77% (627/939), 68.37% (642/939), 71.35% (670/939), 73.06% (686/939), respectively. In 841 patients (47.25%) who stopped taking PB, 244 cases (29.01%) were seizure free, 320 (38.05%) still had seizures but discontinued the treatment, 277 (32.94%) were treated by other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Chi ⁃ square test was used to compare the therapeutic effectiveness in 939 patients continuing taking PB and 841 patients abandoning PB. Patients continuing taking PB had a better outcome than patients abandoning PB (χ2 = 12.423, P = 0.002). The main reasons of PB withdrawal were seizure free (29.01%), taking other AEDs (32.94%), no free drug or no money (11.06%), effect was not good or PB was not available (6.42% ). Two hundred and six patients died between 2002 and 2008. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for the cohort was 19.10. The three leading causes of death were: accidents (n = 59, 28.64% ), cerebrovascular diseases (n = 30, 14.56% ) and status epilepticus (n = 28, 13.59%). Conclusion The GCAE/DP was successful and with long term good results, so it is worthy for further promotion. The mortality rate was very high in the people with epilepsy in this sudy, especially deaths from accidents, which should be noticed. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.05.007

本研究基於分散式OA期刊管理系統互連之目的,從OAIS參考模式出發,並以DOAJ平台為中心,提出一個OA期刊目錄匯整模式,並探討所需考量的詮釋資料格式、資訊封包傳遞、系統介接方法、通訊協定規範...等議題,以利分散於網路上的OA期刊管理系統之開發人員,能據以開發出足以與DOAJ平台介接的OA期刊管理系統,進而促進OA期刊之流通與利用。本研究並依據文中所提之系統框架,以《教育資料與圖書館學》期刊作為實作對象,兼顧資訊生產者、資訊消費者、管理者及典藏系統之需求,分別實作一個以OAIS為架構的開放取用期刊管理系統,包含匯入子系統、典藏子系統、管理子系統和取用子系統,最後順利將整合系統上線運作並與DOAJ平台進行介接,成效良好。Based on the model of Open Archival Information System (OAIS) and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), this study designs and implements an information system for integrating directories of open access (OA) journals. The issues examined in the study include metadata formats, dissemination of information package, method of connecting systems across different platforms, and communication protocols. The proposed system would benefit the system developer in designing and developing OA systems on the web which could be connected to the DOAJ platform with ease. Sharing and using of OA journals would thus be greatly increased as a result. The online system of the Journal of Educational Media and Library Sciences (JoEMLS) is used in the study as the environment for implementing the proposed model, originating and modifying from the OAIS. By analyzing the four main user types of JoEMLS system, we develop four distinct subsystems for ingesting, archiving, managing, and accessing JoEMLS. The result of the research project is that the integrated system can not only work successfully with the original JoEMLS system but also can be connected to the platform of DOAJ seamlessly.

本研究藉助書目計量學中的布萊德福定律(Bradford’sLaw)與洛卡定律(Lotka’sLaw),以了解Wiki網站使用者的編寫狀況,並以國內自行架設的數位典藏網站「台灣棒球維基館」作為個案,探討其網頁分佈狀況和編輯者生產力。研究結果顯示:(一)網站頁面編輯次數之分布與布萊德福定律和布萊德福—齊夫定律符合程度極高;(二)多數的編輯集中在少數頁面,例如:前2%的核心頁面即產出了25%的編輯次數,近半數編輯是由8.8%的頁面所產生⋯⋯等;(三)編輯者之頁數生產力洛卡分佈圖前半段近似洛卡所稱的一直線,該部分涵蓋了90%的編輯者,編輯一頁者約佔所有編輯者人數的45%,而編輯x頁者約為編輯一頁者人數的1/x1.5,編輯者百分比與編輯頁數之間大約呈現1.5次方直線反比關係;但後半段約佔10%的編輯者部分便呈現極度分散現象,與洛卡分佈不相符。(四)編輯者之次數生產力的洛卡分佈圖前半段也近似洛卡所稱的一直線,該部分涵蓋了90%的編輯者,編輯一次者約佔所有編輯者人數的31%,而編輯x次者約為編輯一次者人數的1/x1.3,編輯者百分比與編輯次數之間大約呈現1.3次方直線反比關係;但後半段約佔10%的編輯者部分也是呈現極度分散現象,與洛卡分佈不相符。This study used both the Bradford’s Law and the Lotka’s Law in the traditional bibliometrics to explore the web users’ behavior on Wiki Websites. In addi- tion, by doing a case study for the “Taiwan Baseball Wiki”, a digital archive website which was independently developed by Taiwan, this research discussed both the distribution of the web pages and the productivity of the editors on this Wiki Website. The research results show: (1) The distribution of the web-page editing frequency is highly consistent with the Bradord’s Law and the Bradford- Zipf’s Law. (2) Most editing work concentrates on a few web pages. For ex- ample, the first 2% of the core pages received 25% editing regarding the num- ber of times; nearly half of the editing boiled down to 8.8% web pages, etc. (3) For the web-page productivity, the first half segment of the Lotka distribution, which covered about 90% of the editors, is closed to a straight line. It shows the number of edited web pages versus the percentage of editors have about 1.5th power inverse proportionality. (4) For the editing frequency productivity, the first half segment of the Lotka distribution, which covered about 90% of the editors, is also closed to a straight line. It shows the frequency of editing versus the percentage of editors have about 1.3th power inverse proportionality.

For problems of obturation of drilling hole's sealing section, collapse of soft hole-wall of multi-seam and pressure distinguishing caused by hole-wall fissure connecting of multi-seam in detecting gas pressure by puncturing multi-seam, the paper proposed a technology of detecting gas pressure by puncturing multi-seam based on M-Ⅱgas pressure detector and casing method. It expounded principle and technique of the technology and introduced concrete application of the technology in detecting gas pressure in some coal mine. The test result by indirect calculation method of gas pressure in coal seam showed that the technology can detect original gas pressure in coal seam accurately and quickly with good effect.

A technique of gas pressure measurement with hole sealing by use of double-pipe pressure grouting technology and M-Ⅱ gas pressure detector was proposed for coal seam with high pressure water in roof or floor and fracture development. The technique uses casing pipe to avoid influence of hole wall collapse of surrounding rock, uses high-pressure grouting to fill surrounding rock cracks and cut off leak channels of gas, and uses M-Ⅱ gas pressure detector to measure gas pressure accurately and reliably. The test result of gas pressure measured with the technique showed that the technique completely fills wall rock cracks and water bearing channels, which makes drilling hole for pressure measuring more firmly and stably, removes interference of pressure water on pressure measurement, relieves restriction for pressure grouting because of drilling collapse, so gas pressure can be measured accurately.

本文旨在建立「科舉文明」這一理念型概念，以做為解釋反對教改諸種議題相關的社會結構基礎。透過科舉制度的傳統，教育與社會地位／階級／關係／家庭主義的教條之關係被緊密相連起來。雖然臺灣社會正在變遷當中，但是教改所威脅到的科舉考試傳統仍被視為是反抗教改之社會解釋的基礎。本研究發現，升學主義並不是迷信，而是科舉文明豐富內涵之中的一項行動機制，而升學考試制度則是國家與人民在政治經濟學上精算的結果。 In this article the grounds for a social explanation of the resistance to the Taiwan educational reforms (ERs) have been laid, which should be the Civil Service Examination Civilization (CSEC). It will be seen that education is intimately related to status, class, guanxi and the doctrine of familism, especially through the civil service exam tradition (CSE). Although Taiwanese society is changing, it remains to be seen as to whether the kind of threat posed to the CSE by the ERs provides the basis for a social explanation of the resistance to the ER. Educational Fanaticism is not a suspicion, but one action mechanism revealed from the CSEC.

數位典藏系統的最終目的是為了提供使用者使用,因此,必須從使用者角度評估系統的設計,以充分掌握使用者需求,發掘系統潛在問題,藉以改善系統、提升品質與增進使用者滿意度。本研究選擇以使用者到訪率極高的數位典藏網站-「台灣棒球維基館」為對象,利用著名的網站計量軟體GoogleAnalytics做為主要分析工具,再輔以問卷調查結果,希望能掌握使用者的多樣面貌,包括:誰在使用?何時使用?何地使用?使用何物?如何使用q工具,有效地分析網站營運成果,解析網站使用客群,據以調整網站未來經營方向。The ultimate purpose of digital archives is to provide users with an easy access to archived data. The assessment of the website with digital archives should be from the user’s perspectives so that users’ needs can be better understood, the potential design problems can be easily revealed, and the websites can be improved accordingly. This study analyzed Taiwan Baseball Wiki, a very popular website dedicated to baseball archives in Taiwan. Google Analytics, a well-known web metrics tool, was used as the primary research instrument. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the users’ profile. Questions such as the 5W1H (i.e., who, when, where, why, what, and how) questions regarding the users and the use of the website, and the satisfaction level of the users are investigated. The results of the research provided valuable reference for future improvement of the website, especially for the areas of website management and administration. Furthermore, this study recommended web metrics tools to other websites which provide digital archives. The application of these tools can help with understanding and optimizing web usage.

本文以國科會數位典藏公開徵選計畫之一的「台灣棒球文化資產數位典藏計畫」所建置的資訊系統為實際案例，針對該系統所面臨之數位資訊長期保存問題，規劃適當的保存方法並採系統實證方式進行實作，以使該系統日益累積的珍貴資訊能長期為使用者檢索與利用。過程中共採用了轉存、標準化、詮釋資料、轉置、重複一套系統建置等作法進行系統升級，再透過網站記錄檔分析檢視系統升級之成效。本研究並建議國科會應儘速成立數位典藏資訊長期保存計畫辦公室，擬定長期保存策略、培訓技術人才、加強產學合作，以因應日益迫切的數位資訊保存議題。This paper focuses on the long-term preservation issues for the Digital Archive System of Taiwan Baseball Culture Assets. Funded by the Digital Archive Project of National Science Council in Taiwan, the system was created five years ago and became outdated. It suffered problems such as overloading and unstableness. In order to preserve the valuable information that accumulated in the system so it can be accessed by users for a long period of time, the researchers adopted the technologies of refreshing, standardization, metadata, system migration, and system redundancy to upgrade the system. Then, we analyzed the website's log files to examine the effectiveness of the new system. Finally, the article suggests the National Science Council to establish a long-term digital information archive office as soon as possible, to plan the long-term preservation strategy, to train the technical staff, and to encourage team work between industry and academic units in order to provide the needed assistance for digital archive projects.

本文旨在探討台灣棒球維基館成立兩年餘之發展成效。首先，本研究分析2005/4/14至2007/8/19期間之相關數據，發現：(一)網站瀏覽量共3600多萬次，其中74%來自前20%的高流量頁面；瀏覽量月成長率平均值約15%；(二)註冊使用者月成長率平均值約33%，雖已有880餘位，但編寫10次以上者僅163人，只佔18.43%，卻完成了高達91%的內容，而使用者中1.9%的17位核心使用者更貢獻了80.8%的主要內容；(三)頁面月成長率平均值約6.06%，在一萬多個內容頁面中，每日平均被瀏覽10次以上的僅有915頁。其次，本研究針對使用者進行問卷調查，結果顯示：(一)受訪者以年輕球迷居多，平均年齡24.8歲；(二)受訪者有64%未註冊帳號，多數原因為只做短暫的查詢；(三)受訪者僅有34%曾參與寫作，其動機以增進內容豐富性佔多數。此外，本文綜合多項指標，提出一個客觀的核心頁面評定準則，並建議台灣棒球維基館在進一步掌握使用者特性後，應加強內容品質之提升，並積極推展具歷史傳承、知識深化等價值之內容，以平衡目前較偏重於當代職棒明星之走向。This research study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of TaiwanBaseballWiki, established in 2005. First, the researchers collected data and analyzed the web logs from April 14, 2005 to August 19, 2007. A number of statistical measurements were used to analyze the data. The results show that 1. The number of page views has grown by almost 15% per month on average; 74% of page views came from 20% high browsing pages; 2. The registered users has grown by nearly 33% every month on average. It is also found that only 163 users have edited more than 10 times and were accounted for 91% of all the editing. Among them, the most active 1.9% of the users did 80.8% of all the editing; 3. The pages have grown by almost 6.06% per month on average, and only 8.75% of baseball pages had been viewed over 10 times on average. Moreover, the research also adopted the web questionnaire method to understand the community users from different perspective. The result shows that 1. The community users were mostly fans aged 24.8 on average and were young students. This result was the same as what we have previously predicted; 2. 64% of respondents were unregistered users, and among them 40% stayed unregistered because they only needed a quick search for some information; 3. 34% of them have edited website pages, and among them, 41% are active participants who have edited more than 1000 times and 45% of them started editing after using the website for one week. Finally, the suggestions for the website, as the results of the evaluation, are to promote baseball history pages, promote low viewing pages, design a user-friendly interface, and design new website styles suitable for young users.

本文提出一個由「系統」、「內容」與「社群」三要素所構成的「維基協作金三角模型」，並應用於數位典藏計畫中，作為內容加值與知識匯集平台。基於此一模型，我們首先對眾多維基引擎進行比較分析，以選擇最適合的系統；接著，以台灣棒球新聞數位典藏庫為基礎，以維基協作系統為平台，運用知識組織技術，如分類、索引、索引典與控制詞彙等，進行內容加值與知識匯集，以提升數位內容品質；最後，隨著資料量及社群規模日益成長，則探討如何提高社群成員的互動與參與，使社群之運作與經營更上軌道。This paper proposes a model called “The Golden Triangle for Wiki Collaboration”, composed of three elements: system, content, and community. The proposed model is used in a Digital Archives Project as a means of value adding and knowledge aggregation. We first compared and analyzed multiple wiki engines to select the best system for our research purpose. We chose Taiwanese Baseball News Digital Archive as the base of the research project and the wiki collaboration system as the platform. In order to improve and enhance the quality of digital content, we took the approach of applying techniques of knowledge organization, such as classification, indexing, thesaurus, and controlled vocabularies, so that value and knowledge can be added and aggregated. As the data and community grow, interaction of community members becomes crucial. Therefore, we discussed ways to encourage group interaction and participation from the operational and managerial point of view.

本文探討所建置的台灣棒球新聞資料庫與數位典藏聯合目錄的後設資料整合問題。首先，我們設計一個後設資料轉換系統，可轉出DC、NITF、RSS和DAC 等四種國內外普遍盛行之後設資料格式；本系統不僅能支援後設資料自動轉換，也能衍生出RSS訂閱和聯合目錄大批匯出等應用。其次，基於OAI-PMH架 構，我們以此新聞資料庫作為Repository，建置符合OAI-PMH協定之Data Provider。它可供包含數位典藏聯合目錄在內的任何Service Provider查詢，然後進行命令集剖析，再以特定的後設資料格式回應資料集給Service Provider。就實驗結果而言，本系統可有效促進數位化新聞的傳播與分享。This paper studies the metadata integration problem between the Taiwan Baseball News Database and the Union Catalog of National Digital Archives Program. First, we design a metadata transformation system which can transform the news articles to four popular metadata formats: DC, NITF, RSS and DAC. The system not only supports metadata transformation but also RSS subscription and batch exportation for Union Catalog. Secondly, based on the OAI-PMH architecture, the digital news archives plays a role as Repository, and then we extend the system to be a Data Provider. It can be queried by any Service Provider, parse the Verbs, and then respond the Record Sets to the Service Provider with certain metadata format. As a result, the digital news can be delivered more efficient.

傳統上．報紙數位典藏系統大多採取將所有新聞內容納人資料庫的作法，其優點是涵蓋面較廣，可以收錄各式各樣的主題缺點則是資 料庫龐大，其深度加值不易。因此本研究提出「主題式」方式進行新聞的數位典藏與加值利用．並以聯合報的台灣棒球運動歷史性所聞為例，先進行系統分析與建置．再探討內容語意描述及Metadata 轉換，使其成為更具利用價值的數位典藏庫。Traditionally, most of the digital newspaper archive systems used all of the report contents to create a complete database. One of the advantages is the collection can cover a broad range of subjects; however, the database could be too huge to be made valueadd deeply. Therefore, this paper proposes a thematic approach for constructing a digital newspaper archive, and uses the historical reports of Taiwan baseball, which is provided by United Daily News, as case study. First, we work on the system analysis and establishment, then we study on the semantic description and the metadata conversion, such that the resulting digital archive system can be more useful.

本研究提出模糊詮釋資料(fuzzy mnetadata)之概念，並將其應用於圖書館的分類與編日上，以加強書目資料的關聯性，提升檢索結果的廣度。本文首先對於分類編目、詮釋資料、模糊理論等不同領域的研究進行探討；接著，闡述模糊詮釋資料之定義，並以模糊理論模型解釋其意涵；再者，提出圖書模糊分類與編目之實務作法，實際將模糊詮釋資料以中國機讀編目格式註錄至書目資料庫中；最後，發展一套圖書模糊分類與編目實驗系統，利用模糊詮釋資料在相關圖書與類別之間建立不同程度的聯繫，使用者透過此系統，可以從檢索出的資料中，掌握書籍間的相關性，以便進一步查找相關書籍，達到更加滿足其實際資訊需求的目標。This study proposes the concept of Fuzzy Metadata, and then applies it to library classification and catalogue for the purpose of reinforcing the connection of bibliography,such that the broadness of search results could be improved. In the first, the paper discusses the classification, catalogue, metadata and fuzzy theory. And then, it expounds the definition of Fuzzy Metadata and uses the model of fuzzy theory to explain its meaning. Furthermore, we propose a practical approach of fuzzy classifying and cataloging for the library to record the Fuzzy Metadata to its bibliography databases in CMARC format. Finally, we develop a classifying and cataloging system; it uses Fuzzy Metadata to build up distinct levels of connection in related books and categories. The users who use the system could grasp the relationship among the books from the search results, so that they could further search related ones to more satisfy their information needs.

本文首先從系統智慧化與文件智慧化兩個領域逐漸匯流的角度切入，探討電子文件的智慧化程度實是影響智慧型檢索系統性能的重要因素；接著，從XML發展趨勢觀之，我們認為以XML為核心的技術已經逐漸扮演了提升文件智能的重要角色；再者，藉由一系列的實作，我們以XML為核心，建置了XML資料交換系統、XML新聞管理與出版系統、XML/CMARC編目系統和WAPOPAC行動公用目錄系統，分別驗證了XML在資料交換方面、在內文語意描述方面、在圖書館自動化的編目系統方面和行動資訊檢索方面，皆有著不可忽視的應用潛力。This study focuses on the integration of intelligent documents and intelligent systems.First, the paper defines the intelligent document as an electronic document that has extra self-description information, semantically. We believe that the intelligence of the document would be an important factor that impacts the performance of information retrieval systems. Next, by exploring the development of XML, we find that the XMLbased technologies already became the principle of intelligent documents. Moreover, a series of system implementations have been done in this paper, they are a data exchange system, a news publication system, an XML-based CMARC cataloging system and a WAP-based OPAC system. These experiments demonstrate the application potentials of XML in many fields, such as electronic data exchange, electronic publication, library automation and mobile information service of library.

In order to solve the problem that coal seam can be drilled only upward but not downward in process of uncovering coal of crossheading and shaft, a core-drilling device of dual-core and single-switch was used to do core-drilling test in shafts of some mine in Shanxi province and crossheading tunnel of Licun Coal Mine of Lu'an Group. Main influencing factor of failing in down core-drilling was summarized, which was residual water in borehole. Some measures were adopted to drain the residual water, including grouting, pumping water and deslagging with pressure air in whole core-drilling process, so as to realize complete core-drilling of coal seam. It was pointed out that the sign of successful core-drilling is that a lot of dry coal dust bursts forth form drilling hole in drilling process of core-drilling device in coal seam.

無Document Object Model (DOM) is an application-programming interface that can be applied to process XML documents. It defines the logical structure, the accessing interfaces and the operation methods for the document. In the DOM, an original document is mapped to a tree structure. Therefore ，the computer program can easily traverse the tree manipulate the nodes in the tree. In this paper, the fundamental models, definitions and specifications of DOM are surveyed. Then we create an experimenta1 system of DOM called XML On-Line Parser. The front-end of the system is built by the Web-based user interface for the XML document input and the parsed result output. On the other hand, the back-end of the system is built by an ASP program, which transforms the original document to DOM tree for document manipulation. This on-line system can be linked with a general-purpose web browser to check the well-formedness and the validity of the XML documents.

German philology reached its peak in the second half of the 19th century, but this booming period was also underlined by crises. Jacob Grimm analysed the differences between "exacte Wissenschaften (exact Humanities)" and "inexacte Wissenschaften (inexact Humanities)," and predicted that the latter would continue to move towards exactness. Although Theodor Mommsen's notion of "GroBwissenschaft (Big Science)" was established without intelligent technological support, it was characterized by such features found in the fundamental works of digital humanities as empiricism, openness, cooperation and future-oriented approach, thanks to its guiding principle of "historistisch-positivistisch" (historic-positive) spirit and the construction of a document "database" through manual group work. However, Friedrich Nietzsche disagreed with this "historistisch-positivistisch" philology, arguing that it severed the bond between classical philology, education and mortal life. Nietzsche's philology was inevitably subject to disputes as well. The pursuit of an "exact Humanities" in German philology in the 19th century gave rise to a preliminary development of the basic work in digital humanities. The relevant debates on empiricism and hermeneutics have also informed the contemporary discussions in digital humanities. Contemporary works in the humanities could benefit from the clashes, mutual tolerance and integration of these traditional hermeneutics and digital-technical research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

無This paper focuses the attention on some issues of Web-based fuzzy knowledge management system. In the recent years, fuzzy theory has been an important research field of knowledge engineering. It provides a fundamental theory to deal with the linguistic information of human intelligence mathematically. On the other hand, the second-generation Web that based on XML technology is expected to extend the Internet beyond information delivery to knowledge management. To join together the advantages of both technologies, three major works are accomplished in this paper. First a distributed system model of fuzzy knowledge management based on XML technology is proposed. secondly, the structure of the fuzzy knowledge base is deeply analyzed for defining a fuzzy DTD. Finally, a prototype of DTD for creating fuzzy knowledge base by XML is developed.

無XML was completed in 1998 by the W3C. This paper focuses the attention on the issues of the XML-based Web publishing. First of all, the paper describes the essential primaries of the electronic documents, analyses the situation of the Web publishing, explore the difficulties and bottlenecks of HTML. Furthermore, based on the purposes of document access, integration, delivery, manipulation and display, the paper proposes a 3-tier distributed architecture for document management. Which maps the related technologies of XML family, such as DTD, XML Schema, XML Namespaces, RDF, XLink, DOM, CCS and XSL, etc., to the corresponding tiers. It also reflects that XML will plays an important role in the Web integration. If we say that the HTML was the first revolution of the Web, then the XML could be viewed as the second-generation. XML not only provides a new mechanism for data representation, but also has the potential to extend the Internet beyond information delivery to knowledge management. Expectably, XML will cut a generous swath across various application fields, such as electronic publishing, electronic commerce, electronic library, electronic data exchange, and distance learning, etc.