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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of compound probiotics on apparent digestibility of nutrients, serum biochemical indexes and fecal flora of dogs. Eighteen Chinese rural dogs were divided into three groups: basic diet group, 0.3% compound probiotics group (basic diet + 0.3% compound probiotics), 0.6% compound probiotics group (basal diet + 0.6% compound probiotics). The daily feed intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, serum biochemical indexes and the composition of fecal flora were determined after feeding for 63 days. The results showed that 0.3% and 0.6% compound probiotics significantly increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein (P<0.05), and the 0.6% compound probiotics group had the highest digestibility. Compared with the basic diet group, the total white blood cells of the 0.3% and 0.6% compound probiotics groups decreased significantly (P<0.05) on the 63 day, and the decrease was more significant in the 0.6% compound probiotics group, The fecal flora abundance and diversity of 0.6% compound probiotics group were higher than that of 0.3% compound probiotics group and basic diet group. Therefore, adding 0.6% compound probiotics in dog diet is beneficial to regulate the balance of dog intestinal flora and reduce dog inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the number of pets has increased rapidly, especially in the case of dogs and cats. Pets have become important family members, and pet owners are paying more and more attention to the health and welfare of their pets. The health of pets is closely related to the health of their intestinal flora. Probiotics, as one of the tools to improve the health of host intestinal flora, play an important role in regulating immune function, producing antimicrobial compounds and improving the intestinal barrier. This paper reviews the research on the application of probiotics in functional foods for pets, as well as discusses the existing problems and prospects for the future, aiming to provide a reference for the scientific application of probiotics in functional foods for pets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of compound nutritional supplements on immune performance and antioxidant function in dogs and cats. Twenty adult healthy Linqing lion cats and twenty adult healthy Chinese garden dogs were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, respectively, with 10 replicates in each group. The experimental group was supplemented with 5 g of compound nutritional supplements mixed with 60 mL of water, while the control group was not supplemented. The trial period lasted for 30 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the initial weight, final weight, and average daily feed intake of dogs and cats in the experimental group (P>0.05). The average water consumption of the dogs in the experimental group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the average total water intake of the dogs and cats in the experimental group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the average hemoglobin content, average red blood cell volume and globulin content in the blood of cats in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The number of blood granulocytes of dogs in the experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum SOD activity and IL-6 content of dogs and cats in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum IgD content of cats in the experimental group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum IgA and IgG content of dogs in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the serum MDA content in the experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecal score of cats in the experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that compound nutritional supplements can increase the water intake of dogs and cats, improve antioxidant capacity and immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the impact of postbiotics on the pet health. Twelve Beagle dogs were selected, and following the principles of consistent weight and gender, they were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B), each replicate consisting of six dogs, with one dog in each replicate. A crossover trial design was employed to compare the differences in serum biochemical indexes and fecal microbiota between adult healthy Beagle dogs during the consumption of a diet supplemented with 200 g/d postbiotics and a control diet. The results showed that the average fecal score for Beagle dogs consuming the base diet was 2.97, while for those consuming the diet supplemented with postbiotics, the average fecal score was 2.54. Compared to the base diet, Beagle dogs consuming the postbiotic-supplemented diet exhibited a 51.16% decrease in serum triglyceride levels (P<0.05), a 29.92% decrease in cholesterol levels (P<0.05), and an 11.43% decrease in the serum uric acid levels (P<0.05). In comparison to the base diet, dogs fed the postbiotic-supplemented diet showed a 7.85%, 23.97%, and 29.54% decrease in the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels, respectively (P<0.05). The supplementation of postbiotics increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the feces, while reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria like Fusobacterium and Anaerobiospirillum. The study suggests that supplementing postbiotics in the diet can improve the intestinal health of dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract：[Objectives]The paper aimed to establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in dog plasma, and to evaluate the bioequivalence of domestic amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets and reference preparations orally in dogs. [Methods]Multi reaction monitoring (MRM) of acetonitrile and aqueous formic acid were used as mobile phases and gradient elution was performed on a HSS T3 column. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were monitored by electrospray in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile and extracted with dichloromethane. For the plasma sample pretreatment method of clavulanic acid, the step of n-hexane degreasing was added. After methodological validation, the concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in plasma samples were detected respectively. The bioequivalence study adopted a single-dose, two-treatment, and two-cycle randomized crossover trial design. Twenty-six healthy adult beagle dogs were selected. The reference preparation or the test preparation 250 mg were orally adminstrated on an empty stomach in order, respectively. The concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in plasma were detected by the established UPLC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug were calculated using the non-compartmental model of the Phoenix Winnonlin 8.1 pharmacokinetic software. The bioequivalence of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ was evaluated after logarithmic conversion. [Results]The specificity of the method was suitable for detecting amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The signal response values of amoxicillin in the concentration range of 20-10 000 ng·mL-1 and clavulanic acid in the concentration range of 50-5 000 ng·mL-1 had a good linear relationship with concentration (R~2＞0.99) . Intra-batch and inter-batch accuracy deviations and precision were both within 15%. The matrix effect met the requirements. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were stable under the test conditions. In the reference preparation and test preparation, the Cmax of amoxicillin was (10 934.87±3 118.79) ng·mL-1 and (11 101.66±3 185.09) ng·mL-1,AUC0-t was (30 983.24±9 395.40) ng·h·mL-1 and (31 646.91±9 319.93) ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞ was (31 093.42±9 425.85) ng·h·mL-1 and (31 843.77±9 290.25) ng·h·mL-1,respectively; the Cmax of clavulanic acid was (3 494.90±1 574.11) ng·mL-1 and (3 694.26±1 701.65) ng·mL-1,AUC0-twas (5 652.61±2 409.17) ng·mL-1 and (6 041.81±2 458.42) ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞ was (5 730.52±2 392.78) ng·h·mL-1 and (6 122.80±2 469.20) ng·h·mL-1,respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of geometric mean ratio of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ after log conversion all fell within 80.00%-125.00%. There was no significant difference in Tmax by nonparametric test. [Conclusions]The established UPLC-MS/MS method met the requirements of biological sample analysis, and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablet and reference preparation were bioequivalent in dogs.MoreReset [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine-grained visual classification(FGVC) is extremely challenging due to the subtle inter-class differences and the large intra-class differences. In order to learn the embedded features of fine-grained images efficiently, this paper attempts to introduce the idea of knowledge distillation to FGVC, and proposed TRS-DeiT, which is equipped with the common advantages of CNN models and Transformer models simultaneously. Besides, a novel target regions selection module was proposed in TRS-DeiT to obtain the most discriminative regions. A contrastive loss function that measures the similarity of images was employed to distinguish the confusable classes in the task. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed TRS-DeiT model was demonstrated through three datasets, CUB-200-2011, Stanford Cars and Stanford Dogs, which achieved the accuracy of 90.8%, 95.0% and 95.1% respectively. The experimental results shows that the proposed model outperforms the traditional models. Furthermore, the visualization results further illustrate that the attention learned by the proposed model mainly focuses on recognizing objects, thus contributes to fine-grained image classification tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem that the siamese neural network is sensitive to position, complex background and intra-class differences due to the use of image-level feature metrics, this paper proposed a Dual Metric Siamese Neural Network (DM-SiameseNet) . DM-SiameseNet used image-level features and local features (local descriptors) to jointly represent each image, then learned feature maps based on two different levels of similarity measures, and finally used an adaptive fusion strategy to adaptively integrate two different measurement result represented by the level feature. Experimental results showed that the accuracy of the improved model was increased by 5.04% and 9.66%respectively, and was higher than the measurement methods that only use image-level feature representation or local descriptor representation on miniImageNet, TieredImageNet, Stanford Dogs, Stanford Cars and CUB-200 datasets. The experimental results prove that the proposed model not only considers the global features of the image, but also captures more effective local feature information in the image, which improves the generalization ability of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives]The aim of this study was to determine the optimal angiography protocol for canine heart and pulmonary artery angiography. [Methods]The variable iohexol concentrations were tested in this study to evaluate the effects on ardiac and pulmonary angiography, while injection duration and injection rate were same for the same size dogs. Iohexol dose(I content)from 100 to 200 mg·mL-1 were used in small dogs for ardiac angiography, 200 to 300 mg·mL-1 in middle dogs and 150 to 200 mg·mL-1 in large dogs. For pulmonary angiography, iohexol concentrations were 50 to 100 mg·mL-1 in small dogs, 50 to 100 mg·mL-1 in middle dogs and 150 to 200 mg·mL-1 in large dogs. Contrast agent was injected intravenously from cephalic veins after anesthesia. Dynamic scanning project was performed to obtain time-density curve of region of interest. Scanning delay time was calculated based on the time-density curve. The time to reach 200 HU aortic sinus was designated as delay time of cardiac angiography. The time to reach the peak enhancement of pulmonary artery trunk was designated as delay time of pulmonary arteriography. Then the images were obtained by volume scanning project. The images quality obtained by different contrast schemes were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively to determine the optimal contrast scheme. [Results]The optimum cardiac angiography conditions for small dogs were 200 mg·mL-1 of iohexol concentration, 10 mL of iohexol volume, 5 mL of saline dose and 1 mL·s-1 of injection rate. For middle dogs, the optimum conditions were 250 mg·mL-1 of iohexol concentration, 15 mL of iohexol volume, 10 mL of saline dose and 1 mL·s-1 of injection rate. For large dogs, the optimum conditions were 350 mg·mL-1 of iohexol concentration, 30 mL of iohexol volume, 20 mL of saline dose and 1 mL·s-1 of injection rate. The optimum pulmonary arteriography conditions were as follows:75 mg·mL-1 of iohexol concentration, 15 mL of iohexol volume, 15 mL of saline dose and 5 mL·s-1 of injection rate in small dogs. For middle dogs those were 100 mg·mL-1 of iohexol concentration, 20 mL of iohexol volume, 20 mL of saline dose and 5 mL·s-1 of injection rate. And for large dogs those were 175 mg·mL-1 of iohexol concentration, 30 mL of iohexol volume, 30 mL of saline dose and 5 mL·s-1 of injection rate. The higher post-vascular enhancement CT values with good image quality and good contrast effects were obtained when used above conditions. [Conclusions]Through repeated tests, the contrast agent conditions used in this test can obtain satisfactory and clinically diagnostic images and can be applied to CT imaging of cardiac and pulmonary artery diseases in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to survey the domestic dog populations and the prevalence of canine distemper virus(CDV),parvovirus(PV),rotavirus(RV),and rabies virus(RABV)in the potential risk area of the Wawu Mountain and Daxiangling Giant Panda Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.In addition,an immune quarantine zone was established for various viral diseases,such as CDV,in the potential risk area,which can reduce the threat of viral infection and further protect the population of wild giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca).The total number,feeding method,body size,and sex of dogs in the potential risk area of Giant Panda Nature Reserve were recorded by house-to-house visits,questionnaire surveys,body weight and body length measurements; PCR technology and serum neutralizing antibody tests were used for the epidemiological investigation of CDV,PV,RV,and RABV on the subjects.The immunization of dogs for CDV,adenovirus type 2,parainfluenza and PV were administered via aquadruple live vaccine to establish the immune quarantine zone.The results showed that there were a total of 178 dogs in the potential risk area of Wawu Mountain and Daxiangling Giant Panda Nature Reserve,of which 51.7%(92/178)were free-ranging,and the majority of dogs(86.0%,153/178)were small and medium in size.The RV carried by dogs was giant panda RV(GPRV),with a positive rate of 76.9%(60/78).CDV and PV were not detected in the dogs.A total of 12.7%(7/55)of dogs were positive for the serum antibody of RABV.The immunization rate of vaccine was 88.8%(158/178).This study provides epidemiological data for the prevention and early warning of various viral diseases such as CDV in potential risk areas of the Giant Panda Nature Reserve,and provides scientific advice for the management of dogs around the Giant Panda Nature Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the IGF1R gene sequence structural characteristics and tissue expression in Kunming dogs, and to provide a basis for further study on the regulation mechanism of IGF1R gene in the growth and development and to lay a foundation for molecular genetics and breeding of Kunming dogs. 【Method】The IGF1R gene sequence of Kunming dogs was amplified and sequenced based on molecular cloning technology. Sequence homology alignment and phylogenetic tree of IGF1R gene were constructed by bioinformatics method. The physical and chemical property, sequence structural characteristics of the corresponding amino acid sequence were analyzed by online predicition software, and the tertiary structure model of IGF1R protein were predicted. Meanwhile, real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression of IGF1R gene in various tissues of Kunming dogs. 【Result】The CDS region of IGF1R gene in Kunming dogs was 4104 bp encoding 1367 amino acids. IGF1R gene CDS in Kunming dogs had higher homology with Canis lupus familiaris(100%) and Vulpes vulpes(99.3%), but lower homology with Gallus gallus(78.8%). The molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of IGF1 R protein were 154 890.07 ku and 5.58, respectively.It contained three fibronectin type(FN3) domains, one furin like cysteine-rich(FU) domain and tyrosine kinase(TyrKc) domain, was a hydrophilic transmembrane protein. Subcellular localization analysis showed that IGF1 R protein was evenly distributed on endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane, with the proportion of 33.3%, respectively. The analysis of phosphorylation sites showed that there were 123 phosphorylation sites in IGF1 R protein. The secondary structure of the protein was mainly composed of α-helix and random coil. Tissue expression showed that IGF1R gene was expressed in different tissues of Kunming dogs, especially in lung, heart and kidney. 【Conclusion】 IGF1R gene had strong conservatism in the process of biological evolution. IGF1 R protein of Kunming dogs had the characteristic domain of IGF receptor protein and belonged to hydrophilic transmembrane protein.IGF1 R gene was expressed in 6 tissues of Kunming dog, especially in heart, lung and kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology is the property of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was to investigate the main raw materials and nutritional levels of dry dog food. Through online and offline investigations, information on main raw material composition and nutritional levels of 174 dry dog food products from 118 dog food brands was collected. The results showed that 56% of dog food was made of meat and 44% of dog food was made of grain. The coefficient of variation (except dry matter and ash) of nutritional level of commercial dog food was above 15%, and the variation of crude fiber and crude fat content was the largest, but the nutritional level was higher than that recommended by NRC and AAFCO. There was no significant difference in nutritional levels among different dog diets (P>0.05). The crude protein content of puppy and general dog food was significantly higher than that of adult dog food (P<0.05), and the phosphorus content of puppy dog food was significantly higher than that of adult dog food (P<0.05). The study indicates that the nutritional level of commercially available dog food with meat as the main raw material varied greatly, but the nutritional level is higher than the recommended value of NRC and the minimum value given by AAFCO. The crude protein and calcium levels of dog food suitable for different growth stages are different, but the nutritional levels of dog food suitable for different dog types are not significantly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Commerce & Management Quarterly is the property of Chinese Association of Business & Management Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of canine Leishmania infections in villages endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Xin'an County, Luoyang City, so as to provide insights into visceral leishmaniasis prevention and control., Methods: All dogs were captured from Huzhanggou Village, Xin'an County, Luoyang City in August 2020, where local cases with visceral leishmaniasis lived. The basic characteristics of dogs were collected, and venous blood was collected via the ear or neck veins of dogs. The serum anti- Leishmania antibody was detected using the rk39 immunochromatographic test and Leishmania nucleic acid was detected using PCR assay, and the prevalence of Leishmania infection was estimated in dogs., Results: A total of 133 domestic dogs were captured from Huzhanggou Village, with a median age of 18.0 (28.5) months. The sero-prevalence of anti- Leishmania antibody was 24.81% (33/133) and the prevalence of a positive PCR assay was 14.29% (19/133) in dogs. The median ages of Leishmania -infected and uninfected dogs were 24.0 (36.0) months and 12.0 (18.0) months, respectively ( U = 872.000, P = 0.000), and the prevalence of Leishmania infection was 55.56% (5/9) in "mangy dogs" and 24.19% (30/124) in asymptomatic dogs (χ 2 = 2.793, P = 0.095)., Conclusions: There are a large number of asymptomatic dogs with Leishmania infections in Xin'an County, Luoyang City, with a high transmission risk of visceral leishmaniasis. Timely prevention and control measures are required to control the spread of visceral leishmaniasis.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Henan Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of the visceral leishmaniasis control srtrategy., Methods: All epidemiological data of reported visceral leishmaniasis cases in Henan Province from 2021 to 2023 were retrieved from the National Notifiable Disease Report Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the epidemiological features and diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis cases were descriptively analyzed., Results: A total of 93 visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in Henan Province from 2021 to 2023, with a male to female ratio of 2.58∶1, and including 2 imported cases from other provinces and 91 local cases. The number of visceral leishmaniasis cases peaked during the period between March and May, and between July and October. The reported visceral leishmaniasis cases had ages of 7 months to 74 years, with the largest number of cases found at ages of 0 to 9 years (26 cases, 27.96%), followed by at ages of 60 to 70 years (24 cases, 25.81%). Farmer (47 cases, 50.54%) and diaspora children (19 cases, 20.43%) were predominant occupations, and 91 local visceral leishmaniasis cases were found in 6 cities of Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Anyang, Hebi, Sanmenxia and Xuchang. The median duration from onset of visceral leishmaniasis to diagnosis was 20 days, and there were 25.81% (24/93) cases with 10 days and less duration from onset to diagnosis, 38.71% (36/93) cases receiving diagnosis at 11 to 30 days following onset, and 35.48% (33/93) cases receiving diagnosis for more than 30 days following onset. All cases were predominantly diagnosed in province- (60.00%) and city-level (28.89%) medical institutions., Conclusions: The number of visceral leishmaniasis is on the rise in Henan Province, with a gradually expanding coverage. Intensified monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis cases, dogs, and vectors, dog management, sandflies control and improved individual protection are recommended to prevent the spread of visceral leishmaniasis.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of common allergens and indoor factors influencing the severity of allergic rhinitis in patients from the Chaoshan region. Methods: Patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from Shantou, Jieyang, and Chaozhou were selected for serum allergen-specific IgE testing. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the distribution of allergens and indoor factors affecting the severity of the disease. Results: A total of 1 800 questionnaires were collected, with 1 646 valid responses, resulting in an effective response rate of 91.4%. Among the 1 646 included patients with allergic rhinitis, there were 1 285 children（≤14 years） ，361 adolescents and adults（>14 years）；of which 999 were males and 647 were females. The top three allergens with the highest positive rates were house dust mites（ n =1 457, 88.5%）, milk（ n =569, 34.6%）, and crab（ n =360, 21.9%）. The proportions of allergen sensitization to house dust mites, house dust, dog dander, egg white, milk, fish, crab, shrimp, and beef showed statistically significant differences between children and adolescents and adults（ P <0.01）. There were also statistically significant differences in crab and shrimp sensitization between males and females（ P <0.01）. Multivariate analysis revealed that active/passive smoking, religious rituals, air conditioning usage, pet ownership, air purifier usage, and bedding drying were indoor factors influencing the severity of allergic rhinitis. Among them, active/passive smoking, religious rituals, air conditioning usage, and pet ownership were risk factors for exacerbating the disease, while air purifier usage and bedding drying were protective factors. Conclusion: House dust mites are the most common allergen in patients with allergic rhinitis in the Chaoshan region. Active/passive smoking, religious rituals, air conditioning usage, and pet ownership can worsen the condition, while air purifier usage and bedding drying can help control the disease. The results of this study can provide clinical reference., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

In the process of murder investigation, it is of great significance to find the discarded and buried human remains accurately. The main methods of searching for human remains include human visual search, aerial detection, geophysical technology, remote imaging technology and canine olfactory search technique. Canine olfactory search for human remains is a recognized time-effective and non-invasive search method, making dogs the most valuable search tool in forensic investigation. By systematically reviewing and summarizing relevant literature, and based on the theory of volatile organic compound produced by the decomposition of human remains, this paper explores the basic principle of the canine olfactory search technique for human remains. This paper also reviews the application of training canine search technique for human remains in forensic investigation by using human blood, tissue, cadaver putrefying fluid and odor substitutes as sniffing sources. The application prospect of canine olfactory search for human remains was prospected from the perspectives of detection of volatile organic compound during cadaver decay, development of odor substitutes and adsorption devices, and technology tactics used in canine training and use, to provide references for the relevant research of canine olfactory search for human remains in China.

Furry animal allergens, particularly cat and dog hair and dander, are common allergens in indoor environments, affecting the health of people world widely. Key sensitizing components such as Fel d 1 from cats and Can f 1 from dogs have been extensively studied and identified by the scientific community. Component resolved diagnosis (CRD) technology in modern diagnostic methods provides an accurate way to identify and distinguish these components, which is extremely important for the prevention of furry animal allergies and the formulation of personalized treatment strategies. To enhance the understanding of furry animal component diagnosis and promote the alignment of the Chinese discipline of allergology with international standards, this article interprets and explains the content of the "Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0" recently released by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. It focuses on the epidemiological characteristics of furry animal components, the diversity of allergen protein families, and their clinical diagnosis and management.

Objective: To design and test a device which is capable of accurately measuring and dynamically adjusting the axial pressure at the fracture end in real-time., Methods: Upon completion of the design, the pressure measurement and adjustment device was implemented in a canine tibial fracture external fixation model. A pressure sensor was mounted at the fracture end, and the displayed values of the pressure sensor were used as the standard for comparison. The relationship between the displayed values of the measurement and adjustment device and the pressure sensor under identical conditions was examined., Results: The device was utilized in external fixation models of tibial fractures in five beagles. A linear correlation was observed between the displayed values of the device and the pressure sensor at the fracture end. The measurement values from the device could be transformed into fracture end pressure through the application of coefficients, thereby facilitating accurate measurement and dynamic adjustment of the fracture end pressure., Conclusion: The pressure measurement and adjustment device at the fracture end is easy to operate, enabling precise measurement and dynamic regulation of the pressure at the fracture end. It is well-suited for animal experiments aimed at investigating the impact of axial compression on fracture healing, demonstrating promising potential for experimental applications.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of local visceral leishmaniasis in Beijing Municipality from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of the visceral leishmaniasis control strategy., Methods: Epidemiological data of visceral leishmaniasis cases reported in Beijing Municipality from 2021 to 2023 were collected from the National Health Informatization Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the epidemiological characteristics of local visceral leishmaniasis cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. In November 2021 and 2023, 50 to 100 permanent residents were voluntarily selected within a 100 meter radius of sites where patients lived or acquired Leishmania infections, and venous blood was sampled for anti- Leishmania antibody testing. Venous blood was sampled from dogs for anti- Leishmania antibody testing in natural villages where patients lived or acquired Leishmania infections, or in districts where Leishmania infected dogs were reported. In addition, sandflies were captured with CO 2 mosquito traps and fine mesh nets in natural villages where patients lived or acquired Leishmania infections from May to September, 2021 and 2023, for sandfly species identification., Results: A total of 4 local visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in Beijing Municipality from 2021 to 2023, with ages of 2 to 77 years, and acquiring Leishmania infections in Mentougou District (2 cases), Changping District (1 case), and Yanqing District (1 case). The anti- Leishmania antibody testing was all negative in 73 human blood samples and the sero-prevalence of anti- Leishmania antibody was 25.00% in 36 venous blood samples from domestic dogs in 2021, with a total of 4 520 Phlebotomus chinensi s captured. The sero-prevalence of anti- Leishmania antibody was 0.51% in 198 human blood samples and 13.58% in 243 venous blood samples from domestic dogs in 2023, with 16.10%, 25.00%, 17.78% and 3.13% sero-prevalence in dogs sampled from Mentougou District, Changping District, Yanqing District and Haidian District, respectively ( P = 0.011), while a total of 1 712 Ph. chinensis were captured, including 1 421 female sandflies (86.54%)., Conclusions: The prevalence of local visceral leishmaniasis was low in Beijing Municipality from 2021 to 2023; however, there is a risk of further spread in the epidemic foci. Intensified visceral leishmaniasis surveillance and control is recommended.

This study established a convenient, rapid, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of magnoflorine,(R)-coclaurine, vicenin Ⅱ, isospinosin, spinosin, swertisin, N-nornuciferine, 6-feruloylspinosin, and jujuboside B in beagle dog plasma after oral administration of fried Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(FZSS) extract. The Waters HSS-T3 C&#95;(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used. The methanol-aqueous solution(containing 0.01% formic acid) was adopted as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The nine components and two internal standards were completely separated within 8 min. The mass spectrometry detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode by positive and negative ion switching of electrospray ionization. The analytical method was validated in terms of specificity, selectivity, linear range, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, and stability. It could meet the requirement of pharmacokinetic research after oral administration of FZSS extract to beagle dogs. The results showed that the time to reach the peak concentration(T&#95;(max)) of magnoflorine,(R)-coclaurine, vicenin Ⅱ, isospinosin, spinosin, 6-feruloylspinosin, and jujuboside B was 2.40-3.20 h, and the elimination halflife(t&#95;(1/2)) was 2.08-6.79 h after a single-dose oral administration of FZSS to beagle dogs. The exposure of magnoflorine and spinosin was high, with a peak concentration(C&#95;(max)) of 76.7 and 31.5 ng·mL~(-1) and an area under the curve(AUC&#95;(0-∞)) of 581 and 315 ng·h·mL~(-1), respectively. The exposure of the remaining five compounds was lower, with a C&#95;(max) of 0.81-13.0 ng·mL~(-1) and an AUC&#95;(0-∞) of 6.00-106 ng·h·mL~(-1). This study provides a reference for the follow-up research of FZSS.

Objective: To analyze the echinococcosis surveillance results in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of echinococcosis control measures in the prefecture., Methods: Villagers were randomly sampled using a multistage sampling method from class I and II echinococcosis endemic counties in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022 for detection of human echinococcosis, while all patients undergoing ultrasound examinations in medical institutions in class III endemic counties received active echinococcosis screening. In addition, livestock in centralized slaughterhouses or slaughtering sites were screened for echinococcosis using the palpation and necropsy method, and fresh domestic dog feces samples were collected from randomly selected dog owners in each administrative village for detection of Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs. The trends in detection of human and livestock echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed human echinococcosis cases and detection of Echinococcus coproantigen in domestic dogs were analyzed in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022., Results: The mean detection rate of human echinococcosis was 0.13% (540/407 803) in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022, which appeared a tendency towards a decline over years (χ 2 trend = 1 217.21, P < 0.001), and the highest detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was seen in Hejing County (0.28%, 191/67 865). The detection of livestock echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2017 to 2022 (χ 2 trend copro-antigen in domestic dogs appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2017 to 2022 (χ P < 0.001), with the highest detection rate seen in Hejing County (3.44%, 86/2 500), and the detection of Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2017 to 2022 (χ 2 trend = 302.46, P < 0.001), with the highest detection rate in Qiemo County (2.74%, 118/4 313)., Conclusions: The detection of human and livestock echinococcosis and dog feces antigens Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2022; however, there is still a high echinococcosis transmission risk in local areas. Sustainable integrated echinococcosis control is required in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.

The semantics of(dog) in the network context is studied. It is found that the new meanings (dog) derived mainly form the expansion of referential meaning, the transformation of color meaning and the prominence of description meaning. The reasons for the derivation come from social factors such as social culture change and science and technology development, as well as the cognitive factors such as metaphor and netizen's loving to laugh at themselves and teasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is unknown, and there is no effective treatment. Selecting appropriate animal models will create a good condition for animal experiments on osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To review different experimental animals of osteoarthritis and different modeling methods. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, VIP and PubMed databases were searched for the articles published from January 2013 to July 2018. The keywords were 'osteoarthritis, models, animals, mice, rats, goats, guinea pigs, sheep" in Chinese and English, respectively. The repetitive articles were excluded, and the articles related to osteoarthritis and animal models were selected for summary and result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, sheep and other animals can be used as animal models for osteoarthritis research. When studying animal models of osteoarthritis, it is important to choose the right animal models and construction methods. Non-surgical models will not make damage to the parts except for joints, which is in accordance with the pathological process of osteoarthritis. But it is difficult to control, thus causing errors, and it cannot simulate traumatic changes. Surgical models induce joint injury by tissue damage, which exhibits advantages in rapid disease progress and obvious outcomes. Therefore, surgical models are optimal choice for short-term experiments. Different experimental animals and modeling schemes have their own advantages and disadvantages, which need to be reasonably selected according to the requirements of experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The research on lower extremity vascular disease is becoming popular. In the experiment of large animals as research platform, it is necessary to detect the shape and density of lower extremity vascular in order to study and verify the effectiveness of intervention measures, and this detection method needs high feasibility and repeatability. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, influencing factors and application value of digital subtraction angiography in lower limb arteriography of a canine animal model. METHODS: Six Beagle dogs were fixed on the working bed after anesthesia and punctured percutaneously through the femoral artery with an indwelling needle. Contrast agent was injected artificially. Digital subtraction angiography bolus chase technology was used to collect contrast images. The image effect and influencing factors were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The final arteriography images of all six Beagle dogs' hind limbs were clear, and the branches of small vessels could be distinguished without artifacts. (2) The first beagle shook when encountering contrast agent stimulation during the initial angiography, resulting in poor image effect. After fixing the limbs and diluting the contrast agent, the clear images ware obtained by re-angiography. (3) These results indicate that arteriography using digital sublraclion angiography can clearly reveal the shape and density of blood vessels in canine animal models. It is simple and reproducible, and is of great significance for research on animal models of limb ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of nano-t-PA gene coating stent on coronary thrombosis and stent restenosis in dogs. Methods Twenty-two healthy male domestic dogs were selected to make the coronary artery intimal injury models,then they were randomly divided into the observation group (12 dogs) and control group (10 dogs). The dogs in the observation group and control group were implanted with nano-t-PA gene coating stent and bare metal stent,respectively. None of the dogs were treated with anticoagulation after intervention. The content of t-PA and D-dimer was measured before operation,1,2,4,and 8 weeks after operation. Coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound were performed at 8 weeks after operation. Animals were killed after ultrasound examination. Local intravascular thrombosis, stent thrombosis and vascular wall pathological changes were observed under hematoxylineosin staining microscope. Results There was no significant difference in the levels of t-PA and D-dimer between the two groups (both P >0. 05); the levels of t-PA and D-dimer in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (both P < 0. 05). The loss of stent lumen, the area of endometrial hyperplasia and the volume of endometrial hyperplasia in the observation group were better than those in the control group at 8 weeks after stent implantation,with statistically significant difference between the two groups (all P <0. 05). With the naked eye and under the microscope at 8 weeks after intervention, we observed the intima of the coronary artery in the control group was significantly irregularly thickened, the proliferative cells in the intima were irregular, the arrangement was disordered, the intercellular matrix was accumulated, and meanwhile, the scattered inflammatory cells were observed. Compared with the control group, the intima of coronary artery in the observation group was significantly thinner, the intima cells were mostly long fusiform, and the PCNA positive cells were less; the thrombosis rates in the control group and the observation group were 100% and 16. 67%, respectively, with a statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Nano-t-PA gene carrier coating stent can effectively carry and release drugs, and inhibit the occurrence of restenosis in coronary stent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia among humans, with its incidence increasing significantly with age. Despite the high frequency of AF in clinical practice, its etiology and management remain elusive. To develop effective treatment strategies, it is imperative to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of AF; therefore, the establishment of animal models of AF is vital to explore its pathogenesis. While spontaneous AF is rare in most animal species, several large animal models, particularly those of pigs, dogs, and horses, have proven as invaluable in recent years in advancing our knowledge of AF pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutic options. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of various animal models of AF, with an emphasis on the unique features of each model and its utility in AF research and treatment. The data summarized in this review provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of AF and can be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic interventions.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of future control interventions., Methods: Data pertaining to comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and echinococcosis surveillance in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022 were collected. The effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source was evaluated with prevalence of human echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients, prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs, prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock, prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals and awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis., Results: The prevalence of human echinococcosis reduced from 1.08% in 2010 to 0.40% in 2022 in Sichuan Province (χ 2 = 1 482.97, P < 0.05), with a reduction from 0.30% to 0.02% in the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases (χ 2 = 2 776.41, P < 0.05), a reduction from 15.87% to 0.46% in the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs (χ 2 = 20 823.96, P < 0.05), a reduction from 8.05% to 1.07% in the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (χ 2 = 1 296.02, P < 0.05), and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 50.65% to 95.24% (χ 2 = 34 938.63, P < 0.05); in addition, there was a year-specific prevalence rate of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (χ 2 = 164.07, P < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases correlated positively with the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs ( r s = 0.823, P < 0.05) and the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock ( r s = 0.795, P < 0.05), and correlated negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge ( r infection in domestic dogs correlated positively with the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock ( s = - 0.918, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs correlated positively with the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock ( r s infections in domestic dogs and the prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals ( P < 0.05) and negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge ( r s = -0.747, P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation between the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs and the prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals ( r s = -0.750, P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source had achieved remarkable effectiveness in Sichuan Province; however, the transmission chain of echinococcosis has not been interrupted. Reinforced comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and sustained tracking evaluation of the effectiveness are recommended in Sichuan Province.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control., Methods: Administrative villages were sampled using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, and all residents at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled villages were screened for echinococcosis, and schools were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and all children at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled schools were screened for echinococcosis. Domestic dogs were sampled using a systematic random sampling method, and one domestic dog stool sample was collected from each household. Stray dog stool samples were collected outside the villages, and Echinococcus coproantigens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in domestic and stray dogs. In addition, echinococcosis was screened in sheep and cattle in designated slaughterhouses in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County. The trends in the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans and livestock and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs were examined with the Cochran-Armitage trend test. In addition, individuals screened for echinococcosis were randomly sampled from 2007 to 2022 for survey on the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge., Results: A total of 290 356 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among residents at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 094 residents detected with cystic echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ 2 = 358.602, P < 0.001). A total of 32 931 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 296 children detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ 2 = 267.673, P < 0.001). A total of 33 230 domestic dog stool samples were tested for Echinococcus coproantigens in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 777 Echinococcus coproantigens-positive samples tested, and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens appeared a tendency towards a decline in domestic dogs over years (χ 2 = 2 210.428, P < 0.001), while the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens showed a tendency towards a rise in domestic animals from 2016 to 2022 (χ 2 = 37.745, P < 0.001). The positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens remained relatively stable in stray dogs in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022 (χ 2 = 0.315, P = 0.575). A total of 10 973 sheep were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2007 to 2022, with 334 sheep detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline in sheep over years (χ 2 = 53.579, P < 0.001); however, there was no significant change in the detection of echinococcosis during the period from 2015 through 2022 (χ 2 = 1.520, P = 0.218). A total of 2 400 cattle were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2017 to 2022, with 231 cattle detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis showed a tendency towards a decline over years (χ 2 = 5.579, P < 0.05). The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 44.37% in 2007 to 94.00% in 2022 among residents at ages of 12 years and older and from 52.50% in 2007 to 92.50% in 2022 among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, respectively., Conclusions: There has been a reduction in the detection of echinococcosis in humans and domestic animals and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs and a rise in the awareness of the echinococcosis control knowledge following the implementation of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province; however, integrated echinococcosis control measures are still required for further control of the prevalence of echinococcosis.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by Phlebotomus chinensis that poses a great threat to human health. Historically, visceral leishmaniasis was predominantly prevalent in northwestern regions of Sichuan Province. Following the founding of the People's Republic of China, large-scale integrated interventions had been implemented in visceral leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Sichuan Province, including identification and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis patients, elimination of infected dogs, Ph. chinensis control and health education. This review summarizes the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, discusses the control strategy of visceral leishmaniasis and analyzes the challenges of elimination of visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept in Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in the province.

Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections among patients with hematological diseases, so as to provide insights into improving the prognosis and quality of life among patients with hematological diseases., Methods: A total of 240 patients with hematological diseases (including 170 patients with hematological tumors and 70 patients with non-tumor hematological diseases) admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University during the period from January 1, 2021 through October 10, 2023 and 500 healthy volunteers in the hospital during the same period were enrolled. Subjects' demographics and serum samples were collected, and serum specific IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were detected using the chemiluminescence assay, with any of a positive IgG or IgM antibody defined as a positive T. gondii infection. The seroprevalence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii was compared between patients with hematological diseases and healthy volunteers., Results: The mean age ( F = 2.034, P > 0.05) and gender distribution (χ 2 = 0.462, P > 0.05) were comparable among patients with hematological tumors, patients with non-tumor hematological diseases and healthy volunteers, and there was no significant difference in the proportion of history of cat or dog contacts between patients with hematological diseases and healthy volunteers (χ 2 = 0, P > 0.05). The seroprevalence of anti- T. gondii antibody was significantly higher among patients with hematological diseases than among healthy volunteers (15.8% vs. 0.6%; χ 2 = 71.902, P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference in the seroprevalence of anti- T. gondii antibody among patients with hematological tumors (18.2%), patients with non-tumor hematological diseases (10.0%) and healthy volunteers (χ 2 = 78.327, P < 0.01). The seroprevalence of anti- T. gondii antibody was significantly higher among patients with hematological tumors and non-tumor hematological diseases than among healthy volunteers (both P values < 0.05), while no significant difference was seen in the seroprevalence of anti- T. gondii antibody between patients with hematological tumors and non-tumor hematological diseases ( P > 0.05). In addition, the proportion of history of cat or dog contacts was significantly higher among patients with hematological diseases that were positive for serum anti- T. gondii anti-body than among those negative for serum anti- T. gondii antibody (21.1% vs. 5.4%; χ 2 = 8.653, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: There is a high seroprevalene rate of T. gondii infections among hematological diseases, which is significantly greater than that among healthy volunteers.

Objectives: In order to provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of dermatitis, the prevalence rate and trend changes of common allergens in patients with allergic skin diseases in Beijing City were investigated and analyzed. Methods: This study was a retrospective data collection study. A total of 2 822 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis with allergen examinations were collected from Peking University First Hospital from 2017 to 2021, most of them were adults, and 83%(2 340/2 822) were over 18 years old. The ImmunoCAP fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassay system was used to quantify specific IgE. The positive rate of each allergen was counted according to age, gender and year. The epidemiological characteristics and trends were analyzed. Results: In the past five years, 22 503 allergen-specific IgE test data were collected, and the positive rate of allergens in 40%(1 122/2 822) of the 2 822 patients was mainly multiple sensitization, the positive rate of allergens and multiple sensitization rates were the highest in people aged 13-18 years old. The 2 822 patients were dominated by inhaled allergens, and the highest positive rate was inhaled mixture (29.3%). The top five positive rates of inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides farina (26.7%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (25.5%), Mugwort (23.9%), Birch pollen (19.2%) and Siberian cocklebur (18.2%). The top five positive rates of food allergens were shrimp (15.2%), peanut (14.8%), sesame (14.7%), wheat (13.2%) and milk (13.1%). Analysis of the positive rate of allergens in different age groups showed except for the positive rate of birch pollen peaked at 3-12 years old, other inhaled allergens were the highest food allergens in 13-18 years old. Among food allergens, the positive rates of fx5, milk, egg and wheat were the highest in <3 years old, the positive rate decreased gradually with age, and the positive rate of other food allergens peaked at 13-18 years old, and the shrimp and crab was the highest in adult. The positive rate of various allergens in the 2 822 patients showed little difference between male and female and the male was slightly higher than female. In the past five years, the positive rate of allergens has been on the rise. The changes of inhaled allergens in cat/dog hair dander, Dermatophagoides farina and cicadas were large, while the positive rate of food allergens was stable. Conclusions: The etiology of the allergic skin diseases is complex, which may be related to allergen exposure, heredity, immunity, environmental factors, abnormal skin barrier function, etc. This study showed the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic skin diseases in Beijing City to a certain extent. It provided epidemiological data and clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human ocular thelaziasis patients in China., Methods: Case reports regarding human ocular thelaziasis cases in China were retrieved in international and national electronic databases, including CNKI, VIP, CBM, Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, Wanfang Database, PubMed and Web of Science from 2011 to 2022. Patients' gender, age, clinical symptoms, treatment, recurrence, site of infections, time of onset, affected eye, affected sites, number of infected Thelazia callipaeda , sex of T. callipaeda and source of infections were extracted for descriptive analyses., Results: A total of 85 eligible publications were included, covering 101 cases of human ocular thelaziasis, including 57 males (56.44%) and 44 females (43.56%) and aged from 3 months to 85 years. The main clinical manifestations included foreign body sensation (56 case-times, 22.49%), eye itching (38 case-times, 15.26%), abnormal or increased secretions (36 case-times, 14.46%), tears (28 case-times, 11.24%) and eye redness (28 case-times, 11.24%), and conjunctival congestion (50 case-times, 41.67%) was the most common clinical sign. The most common main treatment (99/101, 98.02%) was removal of parasites from eyes using ophthalmic forceps, followed by administration with ofloxacin and pranoprofen. In publications presenting thelaziasis recurrence, there were 90 cases without recurrence (97.83%) and 2 cases with recurrence (2.17%). Of all cases, 51.96% were reported in four provinces of Hubei, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Henan, and ocular thelaziasis predominantly occurred in summer (42.19%) and autumn (42.19%). In addition, 56.45% (35/62) had a contact with dogs., Conclusions: The human thelaziasis cases mainly occur in the continental monsoon and subtropical monsoon climate areas such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River basin, and people of all ages and genders have the disease, with complex clinical symptoms and signs. Personal hygiene is required during the contact with dogs, cats and other animals, and individual protection is required during outdoor activities to prevent thelaziasis.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) animal model established in beagles by way of vascular patch angioplasty combined with elastase infusion., Methods: A total of 60 beagle dogs were included in this study. Among them, 10 beagles were assigned to a control group to obtain normal abdominal aortic wall tissue, while the other 50 underwent vascular patch angioplasty combined with elastase infusion in order to establish the AAA disease model. In order to evaluate the outcome of modeling, abdominal vascular ultrasonography was performed 14 days after the modeling surgery was performed and ultrasound and computed tomographic angiography (CTA) were performed 28 days after the modeling surgery. The criterion for evaluating modeling success is that the maximum diameter of the abdominal aortic aneurysm is 50% greater than the diameter of the normal abdominal aorta below the renal artery. A total of 20 beagles of the modelling group and 5 control beagles were sacrificed 35 days after the modeling surgery and infrarenal abdominal aortic wall tissues were harvested. Then, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and elastic van Gieson (EVG) staining were conducted to observe the pathology features of abdominal aortic wall tissues., Results: A total of 50 beagles underwent the AAA modeling procedures, with the average operative and anesthesia time being (119.4±18.9) and (137.4±15.8) minutes, respectively, the average blood loss volume being (43.6±7.7) mL, the average abdominal aorta block time being (39.7±5.3) minutes during the modeling surgery, and the average abdominal aorta diameter measured during the surgery being (6.5±0.4) mm. Intraoperative mortality was 0%. Mortality within 30 days after the surgery was 2% (1 out of the 50 beagles). Postoperative ultrasound and CTA results revealed that the success rate of AAA modeling was 100%. Pathology examination suggested that the animal model rather successfully simulated the pathophysiologic changes associated with human AAA in regard to the morphological and pathological changes., Conclusion: Vascular patch angioplasty combined with elastase infusion can be used to successfully establish AAA model in beagles. The AAA modeling method described in our report demonstrates stability and reliability in aneurysm formation effect and the surgical procedures are easy to replicate. The method integrates the advantages of previous animal modeling methods and can be used to study the pathogenesis of AAA., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2023《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2023 Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To explore the allergen map of patients with allergic diseases in northwest China, to investigate the distribution characteristics of serum specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in different ages, genders, diseases and the sensitization patterns of allergens. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 161 patients with confirmed respiratory allergic diseases were selected retrospectively from outpatient or inpatient department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from June 2019 to October 2022. HAIKE ALLEOS 2000 fluorescent magnetic particle chemiluminescence method was used to quantify their serum for 12 inhaled allergen-specific IgE. Chi square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparison between count data groups (Bonferroni correction was used for further pairwise comparison in multiple groups, two-sided P <0.05/3=0.017 considered that the difference was statistically significant). Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation of continuous numerical variables. Results: The positive detection rate of sIgE in 1 161 patients was 66.8%(776/1 161). The three highest positive rate of inhaled allergen were mugwort(599/1 161, 51.6%), French chrysanthemum(565/1 161, 48.7%) and dandelion(412/1 161, 35.5%). In different age groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was 7-18 age group(379/513, 73.9%) while the lowest positive rate was 4-6 age group(222/370, 60.0%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ 2 =21.177, P <0.001). The sensitization peak of mugwort, French chrysanthemum, plantain, timothy, birch, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae, cat epithelium, dog epithelium and German cockroach appeared in 7-18 age group. In different disease groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was allergic rhinitis with asthma group (500/717, 69.7%) while the lowest positive rate was asthma group (76/144, 52.8%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ 2 =15.563, P <0.001). In different gender groups, the positive rate of sIgE in male (503/711, 70.7%) was higher than in female (273/450, 60.7%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ 2 =12.630, P <0.001). The multiple-sensitization rate was 86.9%(674/776) and the double-sensitization rate was 16.8%(130/776) in sIgE positive patients. Pearson correlation results showed that there was an extremely strong correlation between dandelion and French chrysanthemum( r =0.93, P <0.001). There was a strong correlation between mugwort and French chrysanthemum( r =0.64, P <0.001). In the co-sensitization analysis, the number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion, plantain and timothy accounted for 25.2%(170/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum and dandelion accounted for 58.3%(393/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion and plantain accounted for 35.6%(240/674) of the total number of multiple sensitization. Conclusion: Mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion are the major inhaled allergens in northwest China. The positive rate of sIgE was different in different ages, diseases and genders. The multiple-sensitization rate of allergen was high and there was a certain positive correlation between pollen allergen-specific IgE pairwise, suggesting that there may exist co-sensitization or cross-reactions among allergens.

Objective:Intraoperative localization for small pulmonary nodule is the main challenge of its operation, and its reason is the huge deformation caused by the deflated collapse of the lung during operation. To study the laws of lung collapse in operation, we establish an animal model of lung gradually collapse, which simulates pulmonary deflated collapse occurred during the operation. By the model we try to research the process of deflated lung, its rules and its influence factors, and to provide a theoretical basis for intraoperative localization of small pulmonary nodule. In the study, we make gradual artificial pneumothorax to simulate the gradually process of lung collapse in operation, and to explore a simple, effective method for the animal model. Methods: 12 healthy adult dogs were randomly divided into the left or the right side surgical group equally. After anesthesia, they were transferred to the bed of CT scan, and then underwent operation for artificial pneumothorax by two ways (drainage tube placement or pleural puncture). Then the gas was injected into the pleural cavity quantitatively and gradually, which makes the lung collapse gradually until completely collapse finally. In the process, the collapse state of lung was assisted to stabilize through clamping the endotracheal intubation. All the collapse states underwent CT scan respectively. Result: All the dogs were completed the experiment successfully, anesthesia was well and no accident was occurred during the operation. 9 dogs were given tracheal intubation, and the other 3 were not given; 4 dogs were made artificial pneumothorax by the way of drainage tube placement, and the other 8 were made by pleural puncture. Although endotracheal intubation increases the difficulty of model making, it is conducive to the state stability of lung collapse. It is more convenient to make artificial pneumothorax by the way of thoracic puncture. With the injection of gas into the pleural cavity, lung was collapse to the hilar direction slowly and smoothly, and the collapse process is satisfactory. The process of lung from expansion to collapse state was recorded by CT scanning, and then it was reproduced by the image reconstruction in the later period. Complications occurred in 5 dogs during the experiment, but all of them were corrected by changing operation and did not seriously affected experiment. Conclusion: The animal model of lung gradual collapse established in the study can simulate the process of pulmonary collapse during operation effectively, which is an ideal animal model to study pulmonary collapse during operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia lamblia in dogs and cats from a pet hospital in Shanghai Municipality., Methods: A total of 145 fresh fecal samples were collected from pet dogs and cats in a pet hospital in Shanghai Municipality during the period from November 2021 to June 2022, including 99 dog fecal samples and 46 cat fecal samples. The small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid ( SSU rRNA ) gene of Cryptosporidium and the triose phosphate isomerase ( TPI ) gene of G. lamblia were amplified using nested PCR assay, and the positive amplification products were sequenced from both directions. The sequence assembly was performed using the software Clustal X 2.1, and sequence alignment was conducted using BLAST. A phylogenetic tree was created with the Neighbor-Joining method using MEGA 11.0 to identify parasite species or genotype., Results: The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and G. lamblia was 20.00% (29/145) in 145 pet dog and cat fecal samples, with the prevalence of 0.69% (1/145) and 19.31% (28/145) in Cryptosporidium and G. lamblia , respectively. G. lamblia was only detected in dog fecal samples, with prevalence of 18.18% (18/99), while the detection rates of Cryptosporidium and G. lamblia were 2.17% (1/46) and 21.74% (10/46) in cat fecal samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that one Cryptosporidium positive sample was characterized as C. felis , and 28 G. lamblia positive samples were all characterized as Giardia assemblage A, which showed 100% sequence homology with human isolates of Giardia . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences obtained in this study belonged to the same branch with the reported Giardia assemblage A., Conclusions: Cryptosporidium and G. lamblia infection was prevalent in pet dogs and cats from the study pet hospital in Shanghai Municipality, and there is a zoonotic risk for the species and genotype. Intensified surveillance of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection is recommended in pets and their owners, and improved management of pet keeping is required.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 3 (IP 3 R3) in renal cyst development in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). 2-aminoethoxy-diphenyl borate (2-APB) and shRNA were used to suppress the expression of IP 3 R3. The effect of IP 3 R3 on cyst growth was investigated in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cyst model, embryonic kidney cyst model and kidney specific Pkd1 knockout (PKD) mouse model. The underlying mechanism of IP 3 R3 in promoting renal cyst development was investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the expression level of IP 3 R3 was significantly increased in the kidneys of PKD mice. Inhibiting IP 3 R3 by 2-APB or shRNA significantly retarded cyst expansion in MDCK cyst model and embryonic kidney cyst model. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining results showed that hyperactivated cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in the growth process of ADPKD cyst promoted the expression of IP 3 R3, which was accompanied by a subcellular redistribution process in which IP 3 R3 was translocated from endoplasmic reticulum to intercellular junction. The abnormal expression and subcellular localization of IP 3 R3 further promoted cyst epithelial cell proliferation by activating MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways and accelerating cell cycle. These results suggest that the expression and subcellular distribution of IP 3 R3 are involved in promoting renal cyst development, which implies IP 3 R3 as a potential therapeutic target of ADPKD.

The rules of k-mer non-random usage in genome sequences and its biological significance are important problems and its mechanism is still not clear. Based on seven genome sequences， the distributions of 8-mer frequency spectra were gotten. Results show that 8-mer spectra of dog and cow are trimodal and of zebra fish， medaka，nematode and yeast are unimodal. For chicken genome，the 8-mer spectrum is a medium between the two models. When the 8-mer set were classified into three subsets according to XY dinucleotide content，results show that only if in CG dinucleotide classification， the 0CG， 1CG and 2CG subsets form independent and unimodal distributions respectively. Compared with random sequences， it is found that 0CG motifs are the result of the random evolution，1CG/2CG motifs are the result of the directed evolution and their frequencies are far low from the random frequencies. The rules of independent separation for the three CG subsets have species universality. Results indicate that the prime reasons about unimdals or multimodals of 8-mer spectra in different species are the distance differences of the three CG spectra. When seven genome sequences are normalized into 109 bp，results show that the spectra of 1CG and 2CG motifs are correlated significantly with genome evolution and of 0CG motifs has not obvious relation to genome evolution. We think that the three CG motifs have different biological functions. The rules of independent separation for the three CG subsets will provide a novel idea to research genome structures and evolutions and provide a method to reveal the functional elements in genome sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the changes in myocardial systolic function of left ventricle in dogs after radiotherapy by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2 D-STI), and explore the application value of STI in identifying radiotherapy-induced myocardial injury. Methods A total of 18 healthy adult hybrid dogs were randomly divided into three groups:the control group(group A, n=6), the low-dose 10 Gy irradiation group of the anterior wall of the left ventricle(group B, n=6), and the high-dose20 Gy irradiation group of the anterior wall of the left ventricle(group C, n=6). Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)before and 6 weeks after radiotherapy, and STI was used to measure left ventricular global longitudinal strain(GLS), anterior wall longitudinal strain(LSant)and non-anterior wall longitudinal strain(LSn-ant). Results Six weeks after radiotherapy, compared with group A, GLS, LSant in the left ventricle of group B and group C were significantly reduced, and the decrease in group C was more obvious than that of group B, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in between the LSn-ant of three groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Radiotherapy can reduce the myocardial systolic function of left ventricle and local myocardial systolic function. The higher the dose of radiation received by the heart, the more obvious the decrease of myocardial systolic function. STI can be used to evaluate radiotherapy related myocardial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the feasibility and stability of medical gas suction feeding device for copying the model of respiratory failure in dogs. Methods The self-designed medical gas suction feeding device was used to establish the model of respiratory failure in dogs. After regulating the proportion of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2), the fraction of inspiration O2 (FiO2) was decreased, while the forced inspiratory carbon dioxide (FiCO2) was increased. At the same time, the breathing out pathway was open to make the arterial oxygen partial pressure p (O2) and arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure p (CO2) reached and stabilized in a stable condition. The arterial blood samples between default state and 1 hour, 2 hour after modeling were collected to detect the blood gas index. Results One hour after the establishment of model, the p (O2)was ≤ 60 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and p (CO2) was ≥50 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), which suggested that the dog model of respiratory failure was established successfully. Compared with the basic state, data of pH, oxygen content, oxygen saturation (SaO2) and residual alkali (BE) were decreased at 1 hour and 2 hour after modeling (P < 0.05). The p (O2), oxygen content, SaO2 were decreased in 2 hour after modeling compared with those of 1h after modeling (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in pH, p (CO2), TCO2, HCO3- and BE between 1 hour and 2 hour after modeling (P > 0.05). Conclusion Under the regulation of the medical gas suction feeding device, the respiratory failure state of large experimental animals is successfully established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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