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Myopia is a focal issue affecting the eye health of children and adolescents in China. Hyperopia reserve is the refractive state before the occurrence of myopia. As the result of dynamic matching between the axial length, cornea and lens, it is of great significance to the prevention and control of myopia. There has been a lack of the reference basis for children's eyeball development parameters and the influence of genetic factors, especially the changing law of the above-mentioned parameters in the process of children's "emmetropization". To promote the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents and to standardize population screening and clinical treatment, based on the survey data of refractive errors in children and adolescents from different regions, a consensus has been reached on the reference interval of hyperopia reserve, axial length and corneal curvature and related genetic factors of emmetropia at different ages among school-age children by the Public Health Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association.

Objectives: To explore the correlation between the imaging parameters of skull and the external features of eyes., Methods: Positive images of the head face and the frontal and lateral X-ray films were obtained from 101 cases of adult males of the Han nationality aged from 20 to 40 years old in Northeast China. The face width （ x ₁）, upper face width （ x ₂）, biorbital width （ x ₃）, all facial height （ x ₄）, upper facial height （ x ₅）, maximum breadth of skull （ x ₆）, minimum breadth of frontal bone （ x ₇）, orbital widthⅡ（ x ₈）, anterior interorbital breadth （ x ₉）, maximum height of skull （ x ₁₀）, minimum width of nasal bone （ x ₁₁） and orbital height （ x ₁₂） were measured and the data were statistically analysed., Results: Through the linear regression analysis, the regression equations of the presumed inboard canthi （ y ₁） and outboard canthi distances （ y ₂） were established, respectively, which were y ₁=0.025 x ₂+0.291 x ₃-0.011 x ₇+0.041 x₁₀-0.525（ R =0.613, SEE =0.222 cm） and y ₂=1.703-0.08 x ₂+0.573 x ₃-0.142 x ₄+0.421 x ₅+0.096 x ₇-0.256 x ₈+0.149 x ₉+0.071 x ₁₀（ R =0.745, SEE =0.341 cm）. The back-substitution check showed that the accuracy rate of two equations at ±1 SEE were 75.2% and 80.2%, respectively., Conclusions: The established regression equations of external features of eyes have high estimation accuracy, which can be used to the practical work of facial reconstruction., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine)

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of eye-acupuncture therapy for post-stroke insomnia., Methods: Sixty patients (45-70 years in age) with post-stroke insomnia were randomized into eye-acupuncture group and routine acupuncture (body acupuncture) group (30 cases in each). Patients of the eye-acupuncture group were treated by acupuncture stimulation of bilateral Shangjiao (Upper-energizer) and Xin (Heart) regions and those of the routine acupuncture group treated by acupuncture stimulation of Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Anmian (EX-HN 16), etc. After Deqi , the filiform needles were retained for 20 min, and the treatment in both groups was conducted once a day, with 15 days being one therapeutic course and 2 courses altogether. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) including the subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and total PSQI score was used to evaluate the overall sleep quality. The clinical efficacy was assessed according to the "Guiding Principles of Clinical Trials for New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine" formulated by Chinese Ministry of Health., Results: Following the treatment, of the two 30 cases in the eye-and routine acupuncture groups, 21 and 9 experienced a marked improvement in their symptoms, 8 and 17 were effective, and 1 and 4 invalid, with the effective rate being 96.7% and 86.7%, respectively. The PSQI scores of the subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and the total PSQI score were all significantly decreased in comparison with pre-treatment in each group ( P <0.01). The therapeutic effect of the eye-acupuncture was markedly superior to those of routine acupuncture in reducing sleep latency, sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction ( P <0.05), but without significant differences between the two groups in the effective rate, sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficiency and total PSQI score ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: Both eye-acupuncture and routine acupunture are effective in the treatment of post-stroke insomnia, and the eye-acupuncture is better than routine acupuncture in reducing sleep latency, improving sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction.

Objective: To analyze the influence of the eye biological parameters, height, and weight on the school-age children's refractive status. Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 1 656 children (1 656 eyes), aged from 7 to 14 years, were selected from 8 schools in Wenzhou during June 2012 and June 2013. The height and weight of each child were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The eye biological parameters, including axial length (AL), corneal power (C=1/CR), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and white to white (WTW), were measured by IOLMaster (version 5.0, Carl Zeiss, Germany), and the AL/CR was calculated. Refraction was measured by fast cycloplegic retinoscopy, and the spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated. Only right eyes were included in the analysis. SPSS16.0 was used to analyze the data. The correlations of the equivalent spherical power, the eye biological parameters, height, weight, and BMI were evaluated. Linear regression analysis was used for the SE, AL, and AL/CR. Results: The prevalence of myopia in 7- to 14-year-old school-age children was 50.2% on the average, 48.4% in boys, and 51.7% in girls. The average SE was (-1.07±1.74) D. With adjustment of the age, gender, urban and rural areas, there was an association between the SE and AL, AL/CR, ACD, height and weight. The correlation coefficient was -0.663, -0.730, -0.416, -0.365, and -0.281, respectively ( P< 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the SE and WTW, corneal power and BMI. Regarding the different refractive statuses, there was a stronger correlation between the SE and AL, AL/CR in children with hyperopia, moderate myopia or high myopia than those with emmetropia or mild myopia ( P< 0.01). In the older children, the correlation between the SE and AL, AL/CR was stronger. Linear regression analysis showed SE= 26.55-9.11·AL/CR and 23.0-1.02·AL. Conclusions: There was an association between the SE and AL, AL/CR, ACD, height and weight in school-age children. In children with hyperopia, moderate myopia, high myopia or at an older age, the correlation was more significant between the SE and AL, AL/CR. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52:831-835) .

Objective: To investigate the facial aging analysis of 1200 Han adult people in Dalian with iris diameter, so as to provide reference for facial rejuvenation in Han people., Methods: 1200 facial digital photographs from the second-generation ID card of China were stratified randomly selected as the research sample, excluding facial deformity, tattooing eyebrow, tattooing lid margin, ptosis, lip grain and eyebrow deformity cases, as well as the cases whose join point of upper eyelid and lower eyelid not exposed at the nasal side. These photos were divided into six cohorts: female aged 18, 38, and 68 years old; and male aged 18, 38, and 68 years old, with 200 cases in each cohort. The individual iris diameter was divided into 20 equal parts in each photograph, with each part marked one unit as individual iris diameter ruler. Ten values were made from a horizontal plane between the medial canthus to ten points at one face ( the line between two medial canthus is used as the horizontal line, circumocular and facial soft tissue were measured with individual iris diameter ruler on the photographs), then the results were analyzed with Adobe Photoshop software., Results: There are statistically significant differences in eyebrow height (36.42 ± 4.22 unit in 18 years old male group, 40.22 ± 6.90 unit in 38 years old male group, 34.83 ± 9.39 unit in 68 years old male group; 37.59 ± 6.72 unit in 18 years old female group, 41.09 ± 5.15 unit in 38 years old female group, 36.84 ± 9.45 unit in 68 years old female group), palpebral fissure height, physiognomic external canthus height, palpebral fissure width, pupil height and other items (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: (1) The brow position rises to the peak level at middle age (38 years old group), then drops down gradually with aging. (2) The physiognomic external canthus moves towards the nasal side and caudal side with aging. (3) Eyeball moves towards caudal side with aging. (4) The soft tissue around bilateral angle of mouth, nasal tip and submaxilla moves towards caudal side with aging. (5) The measurement of individual iris diameter ruler can apply to analyze the aging changes of facial soft tissue, and is more suitable for the case when facial photographs are taken at different distances.

Objective: To study the effects of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (IOL) on axial length (AL) measurements and whether a correction factor for later IOL power calculation before cataract surgery is necessary., Methods: Twenty-two high myopic patients (39 eyes) with mean spherical equivalent -19.00 +/- 4.03 D received phakic refractive lens (PRL) implantation, and 24 patients (40 eyes) with mean spherical equivalent (-13.10 +/- 2.53) D received implantable Collamer lens (ICL) implantation. Pre-and postoperative AL measurements with the IOLMaster were compared. Results The pre-and postoperative ALs were (30.87 +/- 2.18) mm and (30.94 +/- 2.16) mm, respectively (t = -2.635, P = 0.012) in the PRL group, and (28.35 +/- 1.20) mm and (28.45 +/- 1.22) mm, respectively ( t = -3.97, P < 0.001) in the ICL group. Linear regression analysis showed: in the PRL group, preoperative AL = 1.01 x postoperative AL-0.24 (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.001), or postoperative AL--preoperative AL = 0.24-0.0055 x postoperative AL; in the ICL group, preoperative AL = 0.96 x postoperative AL +1.17 (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.001), or postoperative AL--preoperative AL = 0.0154 x postoperative AL -0.3763. The mean differences between pre-and postoperative ALs in the PRL and, ICL groups were 0.075 mm and 0.054 mm, respectively., Conclusions: Based on the SRK formula, a < 0.1 mm AL difference would result in a <0.25 D change in the calculated IOL power, possibly a < 0.20 D change in manifest refraction. Furthermore, for PRL, the longer the AL, the smaller the difference between pre-and postoperative ALs. These differences are so small that it is unnecessary to correct IOL power calculation.

It is very difficult to measure the human eye properties directly, such as the accommodation mechanism, intraocular pressure distribution, the dynamics of aqueous humor flow and the bio-heat transfer in human eyes. Modeling and simulation may, therefore, play an increasingly important role in the ophthalmologic investigation. The major computer modeling methods, including geometric modeling, physical modeling and mathematical modeling, are introduced in this paper. Modeling and simulation anatomy properties and physiological properties of eye tissues, such as the cornea, aqueous humor and crystalline lens, vitreous, optic nerve head, sclera, are analyzed in the order from global to local, from front to back, from outside to inside. Finally, the problems of computer modeling in ophthalmologic investigation are discussed, and the development trends of the future are pointed out.

Attempts to understand the degeneration of the eyes in cave fish has largely been explained by either various extents of gradual degeneration, ranging from partial to total loss, observed in various species or by acceleration of loss caused by dark environments. However, neither the theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin nor the neutral theory of molecular evolution formulated by Kimura Motoo adequately explains these phenomena. Recent trends in utilizing multidisciplinary research, however, have yielded better results, helping reveal a more complex picture of the mechanisms of degeneration. Here, we summarize the current progress of the research via morphology and anatomy, development biology, animal behavior science and molecular genetics, and offer some perspectives on the ongoing research into the development and degeneration of eyes in cave fish.

Differences of some points, levels and angles of the healthy and affected sides of patients with peripheral facial paralysis were picked out according to photographs. Through analysis of the index between the healthy and affected side of the patients and the difference between healthy people and patients, it is approved that those special points, levels and angles, which are called as deviation index of eye and mouth, can evaluate peripheral facial paralysis objectively and judge the degree of deviation. Therefore, it provides references for the diagnosis of facial paralysis and its degree judgement.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of the eye-acupuncture for treatment of acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury., Methods: Thirty-two healthy SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham operation group, a model group and an eye-acupuncture group, 8 rats in each group. The rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established with thread occlusion method in the model group and the eye-acupuncture group. The eye-acupuncture group was treated by eye-acupuncture at "liver region", "upper energizer area", "lower energizer area" and "kidney region" for 20 min immediately after reperfusion and at 30 min before sampling. No treatment was done in the normal group and the sham operation group, and no thread occlusion was performed in the sham operation group. The Neurologic impairment was scored and the methods of immunohistochemistry staining, western-blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) were taken to detect the expression of the aquaporin protein 4 (AQP4) and its mRNA in cerebral cortex after reperfusion for 3 hours., Results: The neurologic impairment score of 1.50 +/- 0.54 in the eye-acupuncture group was significant lower than 2.63 +/- 0.92 in the model group (P < 0.01). The expression of the AQP4 protein by immunohistochemistry and western-blot respectively were 116.33 +/- 10.24 and 0.53 +/- 0.04 in the normal group, 118.97 +/- 12.72 and 0.55 +/- 0.07 in the sham operation group, and 129.30 +/- 18.36 and 0.67 +/- 0.08 in the eye-acupuncture group, with statistical significance compared to 150.88 +/- 15.82 and 0.94 +/- 0.04 in the model group (all P < 0.01), and there were significant differences between the eye-acupuncture group and the normal group (both P < 0.01). The tendency in the expression of AQP4 protein and its mRNA in all the group were almost the same., Conclusion: The eye-acupuncture therapy can relieve the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the protective mechanism is related to the downregulation of the cerebral AQP4 expression.

Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect of primary dysmenorrhea and the content of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in peripheral blood of menstrual periods treated with eye acupuncture therapy., Methods: One hundred and ten cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into an eye acupuncture group (60 cases) and a medication group (50 cases). In eye acupuncture group, low energizer area, liver area, kidney area, heart area and spleen area etc. were selected according to the differentiation, and the eye acupuncture therapy was applied. In medication group, Ibuprofen Sustained Release Capsules was taken with oral administration for 300 mg 1-2 days before menses coming or when the symptoms appeared, once every 12 hours, for 3-5 days totally. Three menstrual periods made one session. The content of PGF2alpha in peripheral blood, and the curative effects and recurrence 3 and 6 months after treatment were observed., Results: After 3 months treatment, compared with the curative effects between both groups, the cured rate was 55.0% (33/60) and the total effective rate was 95.0% (57/60) in eye acupuncture group, which were superior to those of 34.0% (17/50) and 82.0% (41/50) in medication group (both P < 0.05). According to the following-up after 6 menstrual periods, the recurrence rate was 9.1% (3/33), inferior to that of 35.3% (6/11) in medication group. The contents of PGF2alpha in peripheral blood of menstrual periods were all reduced after treatment in two groups (both P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The curative effect of primary dysmenorrhea treated with eye acupuncture is favorable, and the lever of PGF2alpha in peripheral blood of menstrual periods is reduced.

Objective: To definitive axial length measuring mode of the phakic eyes after posterior chamber implantation of lens., Methods: All patients came from the Ophthalmology Hospital of China Medical University. Seventy patients with 135 eyes, aged 21 - 48 years old. Among this group 28 were male, 53 eyes; 42 were female, 82 eyes. A-ultrasound and IOL-Master was used to measure axial length one week before preoperative and three months after ICL implantation. There are two measuring mode in A-ultrasound and IOL-Master: normal and special. All the results were analysed by the SPSS11.5 statistical methods., Results: (1) preoperative AXL of A-ultrasound and IOL-Master average are: (27.81 ± 0.22) mm, (28.02 ± 0.22) mm; (2) postoperative AXL of phakic and Pseudophakic PMMA mode of IOL-Master average are: (28.01 ± 0.22) mm, (28.12 ± 0.22) mm; (3) postoperative AXL of normal and special mode of A-ultrasound average are: (27.82 ± 0.22) mm, (26.40 ± 0.21) mm., Conclusion: According to the different measuring mode, there are some difference of AXL between the preoperative and postoperative ICL. The more accurately measuring mode is IOL-Master phakic mode before and after operation. A-ultrasound normal mode can be used if the lens become so turbid that the AXL can't be obtained by IOL-Master.

Objective: To observe the effect of the eye-acupuncture therapy on serum and colonic substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) contents in rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) so as to explore its underlying mechanism., Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were equally randomized into control group, IBS model group, eye-acupuncture group and medication (Pinaverium bromide, 7.5 mg/kg, twice daily, intragastric administration) group. IBS model was established by giving the rat with chronic stress stimulation (cold-water swimming, tail clamping, electrical shock, etc.) for 18 days. Eye-acupuncture of Xiajiao (Low Energizer) Area, Pi (Spleen) Area, Gan (Liver) Area and Dachang (Large Intestine) Area was given to the rat 20 min, twice daily for 7 d. Histopathological changes of the colon tissue were displayed by HE staining; and serum and colonic SP and VIP contents were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: No significant difference was found among 4 groups in the histopathological changes of the colon. In comparison with normal control group, both serum and colonic SP and VIP contents in model group increased significantly (P < 0.01), while compared with model group, those in eye-acupuncture and medication groups lowered considerably (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Eye-acupuncture can reduce serum and coIonic SP and VIP contents in IBS rats, which may play a role in relieving IBS in eye-acupuncture clinic.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of eye acupuncture on cognition disorders in patients of chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI)., Methods: Sixty cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. All patients were treated with oral administration of compound Danshen tablets, and the observation group was treated with eye acupuncture based on the pharmacotherapy and upper energizer area, kidney area, spleen area were selected. Their therapeutic effects were observed after 8 weeks., Results: The total effective rate of 80.0% in the observation group was better than that of 53.3% in the control group (P<0.05). The score of mini-mental state (MMSE) in the observation group was also higher than that in the control group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Eye acupuncture has a good effect on cognition disorders in patients of CCCI and can enhance life quality of the patients.

Objective: To study biometric measurements of emmetropic adult eyes with magnetic resonance imaging technology (MRI)., Method: MRI technology, with super-resolution, hyper-speed imaging and the integration of the thin-scanning layer, is applied to measure the three-dimensional biometric parameters of the eyeball. From January to December, 2003, emmetropic eyes from 31 normal Chinese adults (16 males and 15 females) aged from 18 to 32 years old (23.32 +/- 3.32) were successfully measured to obtain the volume of the eyeball and vitreous cavity; inner dimensions of the eye, including the anterior-posterior, vertical and horizontal diameters. The length of ocular axis was measured by A-echo too. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11.0 statistical software., Results: The volume of the eyeball, anterior chamber, lens and the vitreous cavity is (6.013 +/- 0.449) ml, (0.348 +/- 0.020) ml, (0.183 +/- 0.015) ml, and (5.482 +/- 0.440) ml, respectively. The length of anterior-posterior diameter of the vitreous cavity is (16.008 +/- 0.707) mm. The ocular inner dimensions of horizontal, vertical and anterior-posterior planes were (22.455 +/- 0.983) mm, (23.290 +/- 0.815) mm and (22.619 +/- 0.912) mm, respectively. The length of the ocular axis is (23.10 +/- 0.92) mm (with MRI & Orbscan II) and (23.67 +/- 0.82) mm (with A-echo)., Conclusions: The value of the ocular length in emmetropic eye measured with both MRI + Orbscan II and the (A-echo) in the present study is very close to the value of the Bennett-Rabbitts schematic eye (24.09 mm). MRI technology is valuable for obtaining more reliable and precise data in the study of ocular physiology and clinical ophthalmology.

Purpose: To study the accuracy of axis length measurement on high myopia with cataract., Methods: A/B scan ultrasonography and IOL-master were used to measure the ocular axial length in 168 high myopic eyes with cataract of 103 cases. B-scan ultrasonography was used to examine posterior scleral staphyloma. Refractive results were recorded during the follow-up after operation to evaluate the accuracy of measurement., Results: The rate of posterior scleral staphyloma was 76.19%. The average postoperative error of refractive of all eyes was between -1.0 D and +1.0 D., Conclusion: Accurate data of axis length can be obtained by combining results of A-scan, B-scan ultrasonography and IOL-master for high myopia with cataract, especially for patients with posterior scleral staphyloma.

Objective: To investigate the normal value of six parameters of head and eye in Chinese children, including interorbit distance (IOD), interpupillary distance (IPD), superior otobasion-ectocochion distance (obs-ec), intersuperior otobasion distance (obs-obs), exophthalmos and nasal basis angle, for stipulating the sizes of children spectacle frames., Methods: The value of these six parameters in 10 171 children ages 5 to 17 years old were measured with caliper in four cities and the results were analyzed., Results: The IOD, IPD, obs-ec and obs-obs were increased and positively correlated with the age. The differences of these parameters among different ages were statistically significant (F = 0.97, P < 0.01), especially in IPD before 15, IOD before 13, obs-ec and obs-obs before 12 and exophthalmos before 12 years old. The fastest growth age in IPD, IOD, exophthalmos, obs-ec and obs-obs was 10, 11, 5, 7 and 11 years old, respectively. The growth period of IPD, IOD, exophthalmos, obs-ec and obs-obs was 5 - 15, 5 - 13, 5 - 8, 5 - 12 and 5 - 15 years old. The difference of these six parameters among children in 4 cities were statistically significant (t = 3.1, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The most active growth period of IPD, IOD, obs-obs, obs-ec and exophthalmos lies between 5-15 years old in Chinese children 5-17 years old. Although the differences of these six parameters between male and female and among children in four cities are statistically significant, practically they are not important for stipulating the sizes of children's spectacle frames.

The development and bearing of biology vision in structure and mechanism were discussed, especially on the aspects including anatomical structure of biological vision, tentative classification of reception field, parallel processing of visual information, feedback and conformity effect of visual cortical, and so on. The new advance in the field was introduced through the study of the morphology of biological vision. Besides, comparison between biological vision and computer vision was made, and their similarities and differences were pointed out.

Objective: To discuss the morphological changes of external eyes before and after blepharoplasty., Methods: A survey of 92 patients treated by blepharoplasty was carried out to compare the external eye morphology of pre-operation with that of post-operation., Results: It was found significant differences in the post-operative patients, including the increased length and height of eyelids, and obvious changes of the length and angle of the exposed eyelashes., Conclusion: Blepharoplasty makes the eyelashes exposed and held up, and increases the up-to-low distance of eyelids. These changes promote the beauty of eyes.

In this study, eighteen indexes of facial proportions were established in 72 youngsters with beautiful faces of Sichuan descent, who haven't been done operation on and orthodontics in our country. The results indicated that there were not most sexual difference of the facial proportions between male and female in most indexes, and also were not national difference of facial proportions between Chinese and Japanese. It also showed some progresses in clinical practice.

Ultrasonic biometer is the best method of eye axial length measurement now. In this paper, our biometric method is introduced. It can measure the anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous length and axial length automatically, which are important to intraocular implant (IOL).

Objective: To study the suitable age for intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children., Methods: 240 (240 eyes) normal children aged 3-13 years old were selected. Their corneal refraction, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and ocular axial length were measured with Roden-Stock Keratometer C-MES and Eyescan Model 55 separately., Results: The corneal refraction of 3-year-old children, the anterior chamber depth and lens thickness after 5 years old, and the ocular axial length after 9 years old approach the adult magnitude., Conclusions: A 3-year-old child has been qualified with IOL implantation, the child younger than 9 years old should be implanted with a normal adult IOL and then corrected with glasses, and a child after 10 years old should be directly implanted with a proper dioptric IOL.

A dynamic mathematic model of the eyeball is established with the computer on the basis of ocular anatomical data and equations of the axial length as the variable in relation to other parameters. With an automatic plotter, the model is transformed into 4 geometric diagrams of the frontal and lateral views, and the meridian and coronary sections. Meanwhile, a set of pictures for intraocular foreign body localization is developed.

The orbital and eyeball volumes in 176 and 126 human embryos were measured respectively. The results showed that the orbit and the eyeball increased in volume with the age of the fetuses, while the corresponding ratios between the two differed insignificantly, indicating that the orbit and the eyeball developed parallelly during gestation.