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The information of Earth gravity field is an important basic data for geophysical research, and is of great significance to China. As a core equipment for land high precision measurement, mobile relative gravimeter’s technical threshold is high, and the domestic market has been monopolized by foreign products for a long time. Based on the core technology of metal zero-length spring preparation, Tianjin Navigation Instrument Research Institute has successfully developed mobile relative gravimeter, which has become one of the few units in China that have mastered this technology and can fully meet the requirements of field measurement operations, including the terrestrial gravity baseline field. Mobile relative gravimeter developed by Tianjin Navigation Instrument Research Institute passed equipment admittance testing of China Earthquake Administration, the most authoritative user organization in China. The measured repeatability standard deviation is 3.1 μGal, the accuracy is 3.5 μGal, and the resolution is better than 1 μGal. Its performance reached the international advanced level.

This is an article in the field of metallurgical engineering. With the increasing attention of iron and steel enterprises to pollutant emission, non blast furnace ironmaking process has gradually become a hot issue. At present, the industrialized non blast furnace ironmaking technology in China is mainly Corex process of Baogang and HIsmelt process of Shandong Molong. It is also a hot process of non blast furnace ironmaking technology in China. This article expounds the processes of Corex process and HIsmelt process, compares the technical indexes, advantages and disadvantages of the two processes, discusses the research status of the two processes in China, and looks forward to their development direction in combination with the characteristics of each process.

Objective Bedding deep cutting slopes containing weak interlayers are commonly found in slope engineering, whose stability is influenced by two key factors: The strength of the sliding zone soil and the reserved thickness of the base (the distance from the base of an excavated slope to the weak interlayer). Methods In this research, taking the K42 cutting slope of the Yang-Xuan Expressway as an example, the evolution process of slope deformation was analyzed, especially the characteristics of basal heave deformation. The properties of the deep sliding zone soil in the slope were revealed by ring shear tests, which are suitable for studying the shear strength of soil that has experienced large shear displacements. Moreover, the residual strength parameters of the saturated sliding zone soil were applied to analyze the reserved thickness of the base. Results The results show that sliding zone soils exhibit obvious strain softening characteristics, which become more evident as the normal stress decreases. As the soil shear strength transitions from peak strength to residual strength, both the cohesion force and internal friction angle decrease, with the cohesion force decreasing to a greater extent than the internal friction angle. The residual cohesion force of sliding zone soil varies slightly with the shear rate, while the relationship between the residual internal friction angle and shear rate varies as a logarithmic function. When the shear rate is less than 2 mm/min, the residual shear strength parameter of sliding zone soil is more sensitive to the shear rate and vice versa. Conclusion Furthermore, according to the regression equations of the critical states of slope stability, the reserved thickness of the base under different slope rates was divided into four zones: A (extremely unstable zone), B (unstable zone), C (basically stable zone) and D (stable zone), and based on this, the criterion and early warning model of the reserved thickness of the base for slope excavation were established.

Safe, high-efficient, green and low-carbon mining is an eternal theme of coal mines. Near zero rock burst, near zero ecological damage and low-carbon, zero-carbon and carbon-negative green mining will become new requirements to ensure China's energy security supply and green low-carbon development. Backfill mining is the inevitable way to achieve these requirements. However, the existing theories, technologies, and methods of backfill mining are difficult to overcome the technical bottlenecks of high yield, high efficiency, and low-carbon mining, and it is imperative to reform the filling materials and filling modes. In view of the strategic goal of low-carbon coal mining of “kilometer deep mine resource development and ten-million-ton productivity mine filling (two thousands) ” and “near zero ecological damage and near zero rock burst (two near zeros)”. The definition and concept of carbon-negative & high-efficient backfill mining in coal mines has been systematically expounded, and the theoretical development for carbon-negative & high-efficient backfill mining in coal mines has been proposed, including the topological configuration and strength theory of CGIF (CO2 Gangue Innovative Framework) for high porosity filling materials structure, the carbon sequestration theory of CGIF mixture filling body, the reaction kinetics theory of fast adhesive gel bonding material, and the prevention and control of rock burst by filling mining in mining area. The key technical systems have been proposed, such as the preparation technology of gangue fast and efficient cementation high porosity filling material, the green and efficient preparation technology of fast and efficient cementation gel binding material, the negative carbon efficient filling mining technology of CGIF backfill, the negative carbon efficient filling mining technology, the technology of multi-face mining, and the full cycle three-dimensional efficient filling mining and rock burst prevention technology. On this basis, the “three stage” development plan of “basic research, technical research, and engineering demonstration” for carbon-negative & high-efficient backfill mining in coal mines has been clarified, and a theoretical and technical system for carbon-negative & high-efficient backfill mining in coal mines has been constructed. The CO2 storage capacity with carbon-negative & high-efficient backfill mining in coal mines has been evaluated. It is expected to achieve a new pattern of carbon neutrality in the entire process of coal development and utilization through carbon-negative mining and low-carbon utilization.

In response to evaluating the current status and assessing the risk assessment requirements of land subsidence in Ningbo City, the characteristics of land subsidence in recent years were analyzed using InSAR remote sensing monitoring data and subsidence point monitoring data from 2017 to 2020. Based on this analysis, a land subsidence risk assessment system has been developed, primarily consisting of six evaluation factors, including ground elevation, susceptibility to subsidence, cumulative ground subsidence, subsidence rate, urban population density, and the proportion of construction land usage. The susceptibility to subsidence is a comprehensive evaluation factor that takes into account geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, and the impact of human activities. The results of the land subsidence risk assessment indicate that there are no high-risk susceptibility zones for land subsidence in Ningbo City. Medium and low-risk susceptibility zones are primarily associated with factors such as the thick layers of the Holocene soft soil, historical excessive groundwater extraction, localized high-intensity urban development, and coastal land reclamation projects within the region. Finally, the areas were categorized into medium-risk, low-risk, and risk prevention zones, along with corresponding control recommendations for land subsidence risk management.

This paper systematically reviews the trend of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) industry in the world and China, presents the CCUS projects, clusters, technologies and strategies/policies, and analyzes the CCUS challenges and countermeasures in China based on the comparison of CCUS industrial development at home and abroad. The global CCUS development has experienced three stages: exploration stage, policy driven stage, and dual-drive stage. Currently, the active large-scale CCUS projects around the world focus on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and are expanding into storage in saline aquifers. The CCUS industry of China has evolved in three stages: exploration, pilot test, and industrialization. In the current critical period of transition from field test to industrialization, China's CCUS projects are EOR-dominated. By comparing the industrial development of CCUS in China and abroad, it is found that the scale-up and industrialization of CCUS in China face challenges in technology, facilities and policies. Finally, future solutions to CCUS development in China are proposed as follows: strengthening the top-level design and planning of CCUS; developing high-efficiency and low-cost CCUS technologies throughout the whole industrial chain; deploying CCUS oil and gas + new energy clusters; improving the policy support system of CCUS; and strengthening discipline construction and personnel training, etc.

The bacterial phase changes and the effect of dominant spoilage bacteria on quality were studied with traditional identification method and high-throughput sequence technique using Chinese traditional food soybean curd sheets as materials. Sterile soybean curd sheets were inoculated with three dominant bacteria and their combination. The total viable counts, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, sensory score, and texture characteristics of samples during normal temperature storage were measured periodically for spoilage potential. The scanning electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to determine the effect of spoilage bacteria on the protein. The results indicated the bacterial phases of soybean curd sheets changed obviously during storage, and Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus as well as Kurthia became the dominant bacteria after 2 days of storage. The selected representative spoilage bacteria were re-inoculated to the samples, one protease-producing Staphylococcus sciuri and the mixed bacteria had the strongest spoilage potential, because the TVB-N and viscosity increased greatly, while the hardness, springiness, and chewiness decreased significantly (P

In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile substances of four Wuyi rock teas varieties, and the key aroma components were screened by principal component analysis (PCA) and aroma activity value (OAV). The results showed that 303 kinds of known volatile substances were detected in four Wuyi rock teas varieties by GC-MS, including esters, pyrrole, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, alkanes, aldehydes, etc. The relative contents of esters and alcohols were higher than others. 55 volatile substances with VIP>1 were screened by PCA analysis, 29 volatile substances were screened by OAV analysis. Based on VIP>1 values and OAV>1 analysis, a total of 17 characteristic volatiles were identifified. Meantime, the clusting analysis results showed that 2-n-pentylfuran, indole, trans violet ketone, phenylethyl acetate, cis-3-hexenol benzoate, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranyl acetone, phenylacetaldehyde, hexyl caproate, phenylacetonitrile and isoeugenol might be the characteristic volatiles that form the different aroma profifile of dahongpao. α-Farnesene and geraniol might be the characteristic components that form the different aroma of Rougui. α-Farnesene, (trans, trans) 3,5-octadiene-2-one might be the characteristics of Huanghua Rougui. Linalool and n-valeric acid might be the characteristics of Shuixian. These results would provide a reference for analyzing the characteristic aroma and quality control of Wuyi rock teas.

【Objective】The interaction and expression of 7 upstream transcription proteins (IbERF1, IbPDC, IbPGP19, IbSCF, IbWRKY1, IbJOX4 and IbEIN3-2) of purple-fleshed sweet potato IbMYB1 were analyzed to further elucidate the regulatory network of anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in specific time and space.【Method】Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC experiment were used to detect the interactions between the 7 upstream transcription regulators. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the gene expression traits of an thocyanin synthesis regulation and upstream regulators in purple-fleshed sweet potato and white-fleshed sweet potato at roots different developmental stages.【Result】IbERF1 interacted with IbSCF and IbWRKY1. BiFC experiment confirmed the results of yeast two-hybrid experiment. The expression level of IbERF1 gene in purple-fleshed sweet potato roots was lower than that in white-fleshed sweet potato at different periods, and the expression level decreased gradually with the accumulation of anthocyanin in root. The expression levels of IbWRKY1 and IbSCF genes in the roots of purple-fleshed sweet potato and white-fleshed sweet potato at different developmental stages showed no significant positive or negative correlation with anthocyanin accumulation.【Conclusion】The upstream regulatory proteins IbERF1 can form a complex with IbSCF and IbWRKY1, respectively to co-regulate the expression of IbMYB1 in the form of a transcription complex. It is speculated that IbERF1 may negatively regulate anthocyanin synthesis, and IbSCF and IbWRKY1 may be involved in the synthesis and regulation of anthocyanin in purple-fleshed sweet potato.

To systematically study the effects of seven common polysaccharide hydrocolloids （kappa-carrageenan (KC), Konjac glucomannan (KGM), sodium alginate (SA), arabic gum (GA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), guar gum (GG)）on the properties of doughs in the production of quick-frozen dough sticks and the quality of deep-fried dough sticks before and after raw-dough quick-freezing, OPLS-DA cluster analysis, Pearson correlation were adopted to perform comprehensive analysis for physical, physicochemical and sensory properties. The research results revealed that polysaccharide hydrocolloids had significant effects on the hardness of kneaded dough (r=0.62, P=0.0200.05). Adding GA presented the greatest effect on the elasticity of fermented dough (P

Background Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy with onset of acute autonomic nerve dysfunction is often misdiagnosed because its main symptoms are syncope and gastrointestinal motility disorder. This study summarized the clinical, electrophysiological and pathological changes of peripheral nerve biopsy of patients of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy with onset of acute autonomic nerve dysfunction, which could provide reference for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. Methods and Results The clinical data of 3 patients diagnosied with autoimmune autonomic neuropathy with onset of acute autonomic nerve dysfunction who were hospitalized in Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital from February 2016 to February 2019 were collected. All of the 3 patients were young women, presented with onset symptoms as acute orthostatic hypotension and gastrointestinal motility disorder. Two patients had dysuria and dyshidrosis, and 2 patients had pupil changes. Electrophysiology revealed decreased sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity in 2 patients. Abnormal F wave and H reflex were found in 2 patients. The conduction velocity of large myelinated fibers was normal in one patient. In the autonomic function test, 2 patients had decreased Valsalva ratio, decreased heart rate variability of deep breathing. The blood pressure changes during tilt test between lying and upright position of 2 patients in acute stage was more than 30/15 mm Hg. Two patients underwent lumbar puncture, and one patient showed albuminocytologic dissociation. Sural nerve biopsies showed moderate to marked loss of small myelinated fibers and unmyelinated fibers. Two patients in acute stage were treated with immunomodulatory therapy (glucocorticoid combined with intravenous immunoglobulin), and their symptoms improved in varying degrees. Conclusions Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy with acute autonomic nerve dysfunction has unique clinical manifestations. Early consideration of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy followed by diagnostic work⁃up and prompt immune treatment will help to improve the prognosis. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.10.005

Objective To analyze the causes and possible influence factors of endovascular recanalization failure of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO). Methods One hundred and three patients with CICAO underwent endovascular recanalization in Department of Interventional Neurology in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University were selected from December 2012 to December 2019. The factors possibly related to failure (including sex, age, underlying disease, time from occlusionto recanalization, the shape of the stump and the position of the reflux) were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen for influence factors related to the failure of recanalization. Results In 103cases,there were33 patients who failed in recanalization, the failurerate was 32.04%. One case (0.97%) occurred subarachnoid hemorrhage which induced severe headache during operation. Logistic regression analysis showed thatthe stump ofthe occluded ICA was non⁃pointed (OR= 3.037, 95%CI: 1.245-7.406; P=0.015) and the reflux position of the distal ICA was above the cavernous sinus (C4-C6 segment; OR =3.118, 95%CI: 1.206-8.061, P =0.019) were the risk factors for failure of successful rate after endovascular recanalization of CICAO. Of the 33 failure cases, 27 cases (81.82%) were due to guide wires failed to pass through the occlusion segment, which mainly occurred in C4-C5 segment (14 cases, 42.42%) and C1 segment (11 cases, 33.33%); other 6 cases (18.18%) were due to dissection which mainly occurred in C4-C5 segment (5 cases, 15.15%). Conclusions Endovascular recanalization of CICAO is relatively safe and feasible. The stump condition and the position of distal reflux of the occlud ed ICA are the key in judging the difficulty of recanalization. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.06.005

Acute progressive large vessel occlusive stroke (APLVO) is a special kind of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (AIS⁃LVO). Adequate medical history inquiry, detailed imaging analysis and appropriate individualized treatment can lead to better therapeutic effect for APLVO patients. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanism, clinical features, classification and treatment strategy of APLVO, which different from other causes of ischemic stroke. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.05.004

Objective To evaluate whether patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) tandem lesion could affect the clinical outcome after receiving endovascular treatment (EVT) in a high ⁃ volume stroke center. Methods A total of 187 consecutive patients with acute BAO receiving EVT from January 2012 to July 2018 were recruited in this study. The patients were categorized into 2 groups with (25 cases) or without (162 cases) tandem lesion. Preoperative Posterior Circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (pc ⁃ ASPECTS) and Pons ⁃ Midbrairn Index (PMI) were used to evaluate the cerebral infarction range, and Post ⁃ Traffic Score and American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) grading were used to evaluate the posterior circulation collateral compensation after actue BAO. The main prognostic indicators were immediate postoperative vascular recanalization rate, functional independence and prognosis 90 d after treatment, and the main safety endpoints were intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) incidence 7 d after surgery and mortality 90 d after treatment. Results In tandem group, the lesions were mainly located at the beginning of the basilar artery (including the intracranial segment of the vertebral artery) and at the distal end ( P = 0.000), and the proportion of intracranial arterial stenosis was lower ( P = 0.000). Among the 25 patients with tandem lesion, 21 took the Dirty ⁃ road route and 4 took the Clean ⁃ road route. The proportion of stent thrombectomy ( P = 0.030) and intraoperative intravenous injection of tirofibana ( P = 0.028) was lower, the proportion of stent implantation was higher ( P = 0.005), the proportion of vascular recanalization after treatment was lower ( P = 0.001), and the mortality rate was higher 90 d after treatment ( P = 0.002). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that acute BAO tandem lesion had a lower immediate vascular recanalization rate ( OR = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.010-0.530; P = 0.012) and a higher mortality 90 d after treatment (OR = 17.320, 95% CI: 2.700-111.040; P = 0.003). Conclusions Tandem lesion seems to be associated with low rate of recanalization and high rate of mortality in patients with acute BAO. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.05.005

Objective To investigate the expression of helper T cell 17 (Th17) cells and associated cytokines in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and its correlations to the level of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies. Methods Thirty patients with MG including 16 patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) and 14 patients with general myasthenia gravis (GMG) were enrolled in the study from September 2016 to December 2017. Flow cytometry was used to calculate the percentage of circulating Th17 cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) retinoid-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) mRNA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect IL-17A, IL-6, IL-23 and anti-AChR antibodies. Results The percentage of circulating Th17 cells (t = - 3.312, P = 0.002; t = - 2.286, P = 0.030), the expression of the IL-17A level (t = - 4.282, P = 0.004; t = - 2.788, P = 0.007) and RORγ mRNA (t = 4.408, P = 0.001; t = 1.991, P = 0.049) in GMG and OMG group were higher than those in control group with statistical significance. IL-23 was also higher in the GMG group than that in the control group (t = -2.267, P = 0.031). The percentage of Th17 and level of IL-17A were positively correlated with the anti-AChR antibodies (r = 0.851, P = 0.012; r = 0.743, P = 0.025; respectively). Conclusions The high level of Th17 cells and IL-17A may be closely related to the etiology of MG. It must be verified in the future. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.10.014

Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of serum anti - acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR-Ab), anti-Titin antibodies (Titin-Ab), and anti-Ryanodine receptor antibodies (RyR-Ab) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods Serum AChR-Ab, Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 182 MG patients, 105 patients of other neurological diseases (OND) and 62 normal controls. Results Serum AChR-Ab, Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab were detected positive respectively in 68.13% (124/182), 64.29% (117/182) and 67.03% (122/182) of patients in MG group. The positive rates of those antibodies in MG group were significantly higher than those in OND group (P = 0.000, for all) and control group (P = 0.000, for all). When 3 antibodies coexisted, the sensitivity in the diagnosis of MG was 41.21%, with 99.40% of specificity. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of serum AChR-Ab, Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab between early-onset MG subgroup and late-onset MG subgroup (P > 0.05, for all). The positive rates of AChR-Ab were significantly higher in MG patients with thymoma than in those without thymoma (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab between MG with thymoma subgroup and MG without thymoma subgroup (P > 0.05, for all). The prevalence of AChR-Ab in generalized MG (GMG) atients (Ⅱa and Ⅱb) was higher than those in ocular MG (OMG) patients (typeⅠ; P = 0.005, 0.012). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab between GMG subgroup and OMG subgroup (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusions Serum AChR-Ab, Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab can be used as ndicators of the diagnosis of MG. Patients with 3 coexisted positive antibodies are highly suspected as MG. Higher AChR-Ab level in serum of OMG patients indicates the possibility of progressing to GMG. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.10.007

Inflammatory reaction plays a crucial role in the occurence and development of atherosclerosis. Both basic and clinical trials have provided evidence that the expression of inflammatory biomarkers are closely related with the degree of atherosclerosis. Treatment towards inflammatory factors would bring benefit to atherosclerotic patients. This review highlighted the mechanistic rationale and specific therapies targeting traditional and novel inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-17 (IL-17), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), endoglin, chemokine receptor and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), so as to review its mechanism of action and treatment prospect. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.004

Forty-eight patients diagnosed as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, neuroelectrophysiological tests, treatment and prognosis. In these patients, 81.25% (39/48) started with limb weakness or numbness, especially prominent for both lower limbs; 93.75% (45/48) had decreased or disappeared tendon reflex. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests showed albumin-cytological dissection in 38 patients. Neuroelectrophysiological tests in 42 patients revealed that the conduction velocity of F wave was decreased or was not elicited, the conduction velocity of motor and sensory nerves slowed down, and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude decreased. A total of 43 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and 97.67% (42/43) showed improved muscle strength after treatment. A few patients showed atypical signs and symptoms for GBS, such as unilateral facial hypalgesia and positive pathological signs. Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and neuroelectrophysiological tests should be combined to make early diagnosis and improve the prognosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.011

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system (CNS), characterized by severe optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM). Since the discovery of NMO-immunoglobulin G (NMO-IgG), the definition of NMO has been changed greatly. Later, the concept of "neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs)" has been proposed. In recent years, more and more researches done by Chinese researchers were published on international journals. This review will focus on the work about NMO/NMOSDs done by Chinese researchers since 2010, in fields including the pathogenesis, relation between NMO-IgG and NMO/NMOSDs, diagnosis, treatment and gene detection. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.003

Objective To summarize the clinical manifestations, EEG and head MRI features of neuronal surface antibody associated encephalitis, and to investigate the role of EEG in determining the relapse or fluctuation of this disease, characteristics of EEG corresponding to head MRI, and EEG features in different clinical stages. Methods A total of 23 patients with neuronal surface antibody associated encephalitis were divided into ascent, climax, descent and recovery stage according to their clinical course. The relation between EEG background activity, distribution of slow wave, epileptiform discharge, extreme delta brush (EDB) and relapse or fluctuation of the disease was analyzed. The relation between EEG features and head MRI abnormalities, and also EEG features in different stages were analyzed. Results There were 19 anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis patients, 3 anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody associated encephalitis and one anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABABR) antibody associated encephalitis. The frequencies of clinical presentations were psychological or cognitive dysfunction, epileptic seizure, conscious disturbance, speech dysfunction and movement disorder in descending order. Within 30.50 d from onset, 6 patients demonstrated slow wave background, of whom 2 relapsed or fluctuated; 5 patients had α rhythm background and none of them relapsed or fluctuated. In patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, the difference in first hospital stay (Z = -0.785, P = 0.433) and relapse or fluctuation (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.155) between EDB group and non-EDB group was not significant. There was no apparent correlation between EEG background activities and head MRI abnormalities in different stages. In ascent and climax stage, EEG background activities were predominantly slow wave, and the distribution of slow wave was relatively broader. EEG background changed to α rhythm from descent stage and slow wave distribution decreased in recovery stage. Conclusions Some presentations of EEG, such as early background activities may be correlated with disease relapse or fluctuation. The incompatibility of EEG and head MRI suggests the importance of functional examinations in patients with neuronal surface antibody associated encephalitis. EEG features vary in different stages. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.010

Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) antibody is a newly recognized autoantibody, which is associated with the use of statins and is considered as an immunological marker of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM). This article summarizes the discovery, laboratory tests and clinical significance of anti-HMGCR antibody. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.005

Autoantibodies play an important role in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. This article summarizes the autoantibodies involved in multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and autoimmune encephalitis, and their clinical significance. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.09.005

Objective Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique with voxel ⁃ based analysis was applied to analyze the differences of whole⁃brain fractional anisotropy (FA) in an attempt to find out the characteristic changes of white matter in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of aMCI and individual neuropsychological tests (verbal memory, similarity, perceptive, connection A, graphics memory, etc.), 16 aMCI patients received brain DTI and voxel⁃ based analysis were compared with the normal cognitive (NC) function subjects (control group) by differences of whole ⁃ brain FA value. Results 1) The overall rating of Mini⁃ Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the control group was 28.69 ± 1.03, higher than 27.50 ± 1.65 of the aMCI group (t = 1.278, P = 0.035). 2) The overall rating of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in the control group was 25.85 ± 1.52, higher than 22.50 ± 1.91 of the aMCI group (t = 0.900, P = 0.000). 3) The number of Verbal Fluency in control group was 19.08 ± 4.92, which was more than 15.14 ± 4.66 of the aMCI group (t = 0.012，P = 0.043). 4) The scores of vocabulary memory, delayed vocabulary recall, word recognition, graphic recall were 5.54 ± 0.88, 5.15 ± 1.77, 9.15 ± 1.07 and 14.69 ± 2.25, respectively, higher than those of the aMCI group 3.98 ± 1.07, 2.14 ± 1.23, 7.00 ± 2.04 and 10.57 ± 2.31 (P = 0.000, for all). 5) The FA value in the left middle frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus white matter of the aMCI group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001, for all). Conclusion White matter lesion (WML) of frontal lobe may be involved in the early pathophysiological processes of aMCI, and may be a new evidence for the early non⁃invasive diagnosis of aMCI. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2010.02.020

By the method of field investigation in combining with cluster analysis, multi-dimensional scaling analysis and canonical correspondence analysis, and using the indices of Shannon, Pielou, and Margalef, this paper studied the community structure and biodiversity of macrobenthos in the Chaohu basin in spring, and their relationships with environmental factors. A total of 23 macrobenthos species were collected , among which , six species ( 26. 1 % of total) were annelids, eight species (34. 8% ) were arthropods, and nine species (39. 1% ) were mollusks. The dominant species were Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi, and Bellamya aeruginosa, and their distribution had obvious spatial heterogeneity. The upper reaches of the rivers inside and out of Chaohu Lake had the highest macrobenthos biodiversity, followed by the Chaohu Lake and its estuary, and the lower reaches of the rivers inside and out of Chaohu Lake. The spatial distribution of the macrobenthos was also affected by various environmental factors, among which, Chl a and NO3- were the main ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of petrochemical industry, the deep exploitation of domestic petroleum and the continuous increase of oil input from the Middle East, the sulfur content in raw materials is gradually increased. The corrosion of hydrogen sulfide on welded joints can lead to the failure of the whole component, bringing great threat to production safety. Researchers at home and abroad have paid great attention to the stress corrosion of high-strength low-alloy(HSLA) steel welded joints caused by hydrogen sulfide. In this paper, the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking of HSLA steel welded joints in service in a wet hydrogen sulfide environment was briefly described, and the factors that influencing stress corrosion of welded joints were discussed. Furthermore, different experimental methods for exploring stress corrosion were summarized and the stress corrosion was compared with that of carbon steel.

Objective This paper summarized the experience in treating middle⁃aged and elderly patients with brain trauma⁃induced coagulopathy (BTIC). Methods and Results From January 2015 to May 2019, 3 BTIC patients (50-85 years old) were diagnosed by clinical examination, laboratory coagulation test and CT scan. Trauma ⁃ induced coagulopathy (TIC) was corrected by craniotomy and decompression, and hematoma aspiration. Two cases (Case 1 and Case 2) were successfully treated while Case 3 was dead due to coagulation disorder and irreversible injury of nervous system. Conclusions Early diagnosis and early treatment could prevent the exacerbation of BTIC, even the patient over 80⁃year⁃old may be cured. However, for patients with particularly severe brain damage, there are still many difficulties, and new treatment methods need to be studied. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2019.12.013

Objective To study the change trend, distribution characteristics and causes of medical malpractices in 18 years, through retrospective analysis of 1 900 cases of medical malpractices, in order to provide guidance for the precaution and the treatment of medical malpractices. Methods A thousand and nine hundred medical malpractice cases that were accepted by Hunan Xiangya Judical Identification Center from 2000 to 2017 were collected. Statistical analysis on the caseloads, the clients, the department distributions, the levels of the hospital and the causes of medical malpractices, etc were conducted. Results The number of cases commissioned by third-party accreditation agencies for medical fault identification was on the rise; The clients of medical malpractices changed significantly in 18 years. Most of the medical malpractice cases occurred in secondary and tertiary hospitals, significantly more in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology. The occurrence of medical malpractices was related to the doctor’s insufficient prediction of the severity of the disease and the possible complications, and failure to fully inform the relevant duty of care, etc. Conclusion China’s medical malpractice solutions and medical fault identification procedures are gradually improving. Strengthening the medical malpractice precaution awareness of medical workers in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology will be conducive to resolution of medical malpractices.

A retrospective analysis was made on 5 cases who had the traumatic carotid artery injury with massive epistaxis (from September 2007 to June 2011). All of them were finally diagnosed by digital substraction angiography (DSA). Among them, 2 cases of traumatic pesudoaneurysm from internal maxillary artery were embolized with polyvinyl alcohol particles and gelatin sponge. One case was carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) with traumatic pesudoaneurysm located in the sphenoid sinus. This patient's internal carotid artery (ICA) and fistula was blocked with balloon, and then ICA was clipped proximal to the posterior communicating artery. One case with injuried ICA was treated with blocking by balloon. The pesudoaneurysm located in ICA cavernous segment of one case was embolized with coil and liquid glue. No recurrence was found after successful surgeries. Patients with massive epistaxis or recurrent epistaxis after craniofacial trauma should undergo CT angiography (CTA) or DSA examination so as to get proper diagnosis and treatment as early as possible.

Objective: To determine the susceptibility genes and resistance genes in HLA-DRB1 alleles in Tibetan patients with cystic and alveolar hydatid diseases, so as to provide the references for the research of the genetic characteristics and infection mechanism of Tibetan hydatid diseases., Methods: The case control method was applied. The Tibetan patients with cystic and alveolar hydatid diseases (63 and 73 cases respectively) in Yushu and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and unrelated healthy people (60 cases) in this area were selected as the study subjects. The polymerase chain reaction-sequence based typing (PCR-SBT) technique was applied for genotyping of HLA-DRB1, and the comparison of the gene frequency., Results: The frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 in the alveolar/cystic echinococcosis group was lower than that in the control group ( χ 2 = 4.71, 4.31, both P < 0.05)., Conclusions: HLA-DRB1*04 genotypes may be associated with the resistance of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and its resistance genes.

Objective: To observe the effects of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes on NF-kappaB signal pathway related genes and proteins in primary hepatocytes of rats with NASH., Methods: SD male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: normal, model, high/low-dose soothing liver group, high/low-dose invigorating spleen group, high/low-dose integrated group. 15 rats in each group. The NASH model rats were induced by feeding high-fat diet (HFD). The treatment lasted for 16 weeks. Then TC, TG in the liver tissue and serum were determined with automatic biochemical analyzer. HE staining and oil red O staining were operated to observe the pathological changes. Another 6 rats of each group were taken respectively and collagenase (Type IV) was perfused to digest liver tissue with the circulation in vitro to separate hepatocytes. The expression levels of IKK(beta), NF-kappaB mRNA, proteins and phosphorylated IKK(beta) protein in hepatocytes of rats from each group were detected by Real-time Q-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively., Results: Compared with normal group, liver histopathology was changed and levels of TC and TG were elevated in model group indicating hepatocytes had lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disturbance obviously; The levels of serum TC, and hepatic homogenate TC, TG as well as the expression of IKK(beta) NF-kappa-B mRNA, proteins and phosphorylated IKK(beta) protein in hepatocytes were dramatically increased in model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of IKK(beta), NF-kappaB mRNA expression were decreased most significanly in the invigorating spleen (with high dose) group and the integrated group (with high dose) (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The expression levels of the IKK(beta), NF-kappaB proteins and the phosphorylated IKK(beta) protein in hepatocytes were decreased significaniy in the treatment groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), especially for the invigorating spleen (with high dose) group and the integrated (with high dose)., Conclusion: Soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes have effect on NASH rats induced by HFD and its mechanism may be related to the suppression of IKK(beta)/NF-kappaB signal pathway related genes and proteins. And the effect probably has a dose response relationship.

Objective: To research the effects of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes on expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in hepatic tissue of rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and its mechanism., Methods: 72 male SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: normal group, model group, high-dose soothing liver group (receiving gavage of Chaihu Shugan Powder 9. 6 g/kg), low-dose soothing liver group (receiving gavage of Chaihu Shugan Powder 3.2 g/kg), high-dose invigorating spleen group (receiving gavage of Shen Ling Baizhu Powder 30 g/kg), low-dose invigorating spleen group (receiving gavage of Shen Ling Baizhu Powder 10 g/kg), high-dose integrated Group (receiving gavage of Chaihu Shugan Powder and Shen Ling Baizhu Powder combination recipes 39.6 g/kg), low-dose integrated Group (receiving gavage of Chaihu Shugan Powder and Shen Ling Baizhu Powder combination recipes 13.2 g/kg), 9 rats were in each group. Used high fat diet (10 mL/kg) to establish experiment model of NASH rat. At the end of the sixteenth weeks, the levels of serum lipids, liver lipids and serum aminotransferase were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer; Liver pathology was analyzed by HE and Oil red O staining; TLR4 mRNA was assayed by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT Q-PCR); TLR4 protein was detected by Western blot., Results: Compared with normal group, the levels of TC, LDL-C in the serum, TC,TG as well as the expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein in the hepatic tissue were dramatically increased in model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum lipids, liver lipids, the expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein in the hepatic tissue were decreased in each treatment group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes can inhibit hepatic TLR4 expression, that may be one of their therapeutic mechanisms. There is much difference between high-does and low-does treatment groups in various testing items, which shows that there is does-effect relationship in intervention NASH.

Objective: To investigate the effects of soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes on expression levels of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA and SREBP-1c protein in hepatic tissue of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)., Methods: Fifty-five SD rats were randomized into 5 groups: normal control group, model group, soothing liver group, invigorating spleen group and combination group. Except the normal group, the rats in model group and other treatment groups were fed with high-fat emulsion to induce NAFLD. The treatment groups were administered with respective traditional chinese medicine, the normal group and model group received correspondence volume distilled water. After treatment for 8 weeks, the rats were executed to obtain the liver for observing hepatic pathological changes. Expression levels of SREBP-1c mRNA and SREBP-1c protein in hepatic tissues were assayed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry respectively., Results: Compared with the normal group, the expression level of SREBP-1c mRNA and SREBP-1c protein in rat hepatic tissues of model group was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group,the expression levels of SREBP-1c mRNA and SREBP-lc protein in the treated groups was decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Specially, expression levels of SREBP-1c mRNA were the lowest in soothing liver group and invigorating spleen group and hepatic fatty changes were the slightest., Conclusion: Soothing liver and invigorating spleen recipes can inhibit hepatic SREBP-1c expression. That may be one of their therapeutic mechanisms.

The disease was a condition that normal functions of human being were damaged. However, the recognition of disease cannot be limited to the level of physiology and pathology. In fact, under different ages and different social background, even for a same disease, the recognition of its essence, the process, the understanding and attitude for the patient had various abundant and profound cultural representation and cultural connotation.