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Multi-modal imaging technology was used to screen the cervical microlymph nodes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Based on the pathological results, radiotherapy was optimized to improve the quality of life of patients. CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination before radiotherapy was performed in 36 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Fifty-one microlymph nodes with ≤1 cm diameter were selected. Following the ultrasonic detection of relevant indicators, ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy was performed to confirm the pathology. Based on the multi-modal evaluation results, the target area and plan of radiotherapy was confirmed. We evaluated the dose to organs at risk before and after target optimization. The difference in the detection results was compared, and the 3-year local control rate of the lymph node region of interest was observed. The Dmean and V30 of the parotid (left and right) and submandibular gland (left and right) and the V50 of the mandibular gland (left and right) had significant differences before and after optimization in the microlymph node target area of the neck (p

This paper summarizes professor GUAN Ling 's clinical experience in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with structure-based medical acupuncture (SMA). Based on anatomy and biomechanics and through accurate physical examination, SMA adjusts the mechanical imbalance of muscles to relieve KOA dysfunction, and releases nerve compression to attenuate pain symptoms of KOA. In reference to traditional acupoint selection, and in association with painful areas and mechanical deduction, ashi points located at the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles, etc. are specially stimulated with acupuncture; and the rehabilitation training and health education are the adjuvant treatment for the patients.

Objective: To observe the effect of acupotomy on the fat infiltration degree of lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) in patients with lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED)., Methods: A total of 104 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated with PTED were randomly divided into an observation group (52 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (52 cases, 4 cases dropped off). Patients of both groups received rehabilitation training of two weeks 48 h after PTED treatment. The observation group was treated with acupotomy (L 3 -L 5 Jiaji [EX-B 2]) once within 24 h after PTED. In the two groups, the fat infiltration cross sectional area (CSA) of LMM was compared before and 6 months after PTED, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) score were observed before and 1, 6 months after PTED. The correlation between fat infiltration CSA of LMM in each segment and VAS score was analyzed., Results: Six months after PTED, the fat infiltration CSA of LMM in L 4 /L 5 and the total L 3 -S 1 segments of the observation group was lower than that before PTED ( P <0.05), and the fat infiltration CSA of LMM in L 4 /L 5 of the observation group was lower than the control group ( P <0.01). One month after PTED, the ODI and VAS scores of the two groups were lower than those before PTED ( P <0.01), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group ( P <0.05). Six months after PTED, the ODI and VAS scores of the two groups were lower than those before PTED and 1 month after PTED ( P <0.01), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group ( P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between the fat infiltration CSA of LMM in the total L 3 -S 1 segments and VAS scores in the two groups before PTED ( r = 0.64, P <0.01). Six months after PTED, there was no correlation between the fat infiltration CSA of LMM in each segment and VAS scores in the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Acupotomy can improve the fat infiltration degree of LMM, pain symptoms and activities of daily living in patients with lumbar disc herniation after PTED.

Objective: To observe the analgesic effect of auricular point sticking therapy during the perioperative stage in the patients with partial lung resection., Methods: A total of 92 patients with partial lung resection were randomized into an auricular point group (31 cases, 1 case dropped off), the sham-auricular point group (30 cases) and a medication group (31 cases, 1 case dropped off). The routine medication for analgesia was provided in all of the three groups. In the auricular point group, 1 day before operation, the auricular point sticking therapy was applied at shenmen (TF 4 ), sympathetic (AH 6a ), subcortex (AT 4 ), brain stem (AT 3,4i ), anterior ear lobe (LO 4 ), chest (AH 10 ) and lung (CO 14 ), retained till the third day after operation. In the sham-auricular point group, the auricular adhesive tape without semen vaccariae was used at the same points as the auricular point group. Separately, the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) in 8, 16, 24, 48 h and 72 h after operation, the time for obtaining the mean of the postoperative VAS score<3 points, the scores of hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) in 8, 72 h after operation and the plasma concentration of β-endorphin in 24, 48 h after operation, as well as the adverse reactions after operation were recorded in the patients of each group., Results: In 8, 16, 24, 48 h and 72 h after operation, VAS scores in the auricular point group were lower than those in the sham-auricular point group and the medication group separately ( P <0.05). In the auricular point group, 16 h after operation the mean of VAS score was less than 3 points, but in the sham-auricular point group and the medication group, 48 h after operation, such a mean score of VAS was obtained. In 8, 72 h after operation, HAD score in the auricular point group was lower than that in the sham-auricular point group and the medication group respectively. In 24, 48 h after operation, the concentration of plasmaβ-endorphin was all higher than that in the sham-auricular point group and the medication group respectively ( P <0.05). In 24 h after operation, the plasma concentration ofβ-endorphin in the sham-auricular point group was higher than the medication group ( P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reaction in the auricular point group was lower than that in the sham-auricular point group and the medication group respectively ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Auricular point sticking therapy relieves perioperative pain, shortens analgesic time, releases anxious and depressive emotions and reduces postoperative adverse reaction in the patients with partial lung resection. The analgesic mechanism is probably related to the increase of plasma concentration of β-endorphin.

Objective: To observe the effect of grain-moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Weishu (BL 21) on neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced gastric cancer., Methods: Sixty patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, conventional chemotherapy regimen combined with symptomatic treatment，such as antiemetic, acid-suppressive, liver-protecting drugs. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, grain-moxibustion was applied at Zusanli (ST 36) and Weishu (BL 21) in the observation group, 9 cones for each acupoint, once a day for a total of 90 days. The levels of NLR were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy and quality of life were evaluated in the two groups., Results: After treatment, the value of NLR in the observation group was significantly lower than before treatment ( P <0.05), there was no significant difference before and after treatment in the control group ( P >0.05), and the descend range of observation group was larger than the control group ( P <0.05). The effective rates (RR) were 33.3% (10/30) in the observation group and 36.7% (11/30) in the control group, there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05). After treatment, the QOL in the observation group was improved in diarrhea, loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, general health states ( P <0.05), there was no significant difference in the control group before and after treatment in varions scores ( P >0.05), and the observation group was superior to the control group in fatigue, sleep disorder, loss of appetite, diarrhea and general health states after treatment ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Grain-moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Weishu (BL 21) can decrease NLR and improve QOL of patients with advanced gastric cancer.

To achieve the combination of ideological and political education curriculum and curriculum ideological and political education, the ideological and political education was integrated into the teaching of medical basic course Human Parasitology . Based on improving the cultivation of the teaching team, insisting on morality education and education-directed professional curriculum teaching, the pathway of integrating curriculum ideological and political education into medical science education was explored. Through putting the ideological and political elements contained throughout the professional curriculum teaching process, establishing new teaching patterns of integrating ideological and political education into the curriculum, and strengthening the collaboration between professional institutions and universities, we aimed to build Human Parasitology as a gold ideological and political education curriculum.

To better understand the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids in Blumea balsamifera, and to increase the biosynthesis of flavone and flavonol amount, we carried out this research. Basing on transcriptome information, B. balsamifera flavonoids metabolic pathway was analyzed in KEGG data base. The result demonstrated that two metabolic pathways of flavonoids were found in KEGG data base. They were flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (No.ko00941) that contained 32 genes and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway (No.ko00944) that contained 12 genes. Metabolic pathway of flavonoids in B. balsamifera was similar to that in other plants. Chalcone synthase (CHS) and Chalconeisomerase were much likely to be key enzymes on metabolic pathway of flavonoids in B. balsamifera. HCT was much relevant to biosynthesis of favones., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of active ingredient, the terpenoids metabolic pathway and specific enzymes in Blumea balsamifera are investigated. Basing on transcriptome information, B. balsamifera terpenoids metabolic pathway was analyzed in KEGG data base. Four metabolic pathway of terpenoids were found in KEGG data base. They were terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, contained 103, 10, 29,59 genes, respectively. Through the analysis of the enzyme and product in the pathway, the result showed that there were 8 kinds of monoterpenes, 3 kinds of diterpenes, 3 kinds of triterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The mainly key enzymes were deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and allyl transferase system. In B. balsamifera, there were relatively few monoterpenes synthetic enzymes, while the type of products was much more than other terpenes. This may be relate to the non-specific catalytic characteristic of monoterpene synthase. It is expected to improve the yield of terpenoids in B. balsamifera by analysis the pathways and regulation the key enzymes., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To explore the impact on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the quality of life (QOL) in the patients of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with wheat-size moxibustion therapy., Methods: Seventy patients of NSCLC were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 35 cases in each one. Finally, 33 cases were participated in the observation group and 32 cases in the control group for statistical analysis. In the observation group, Zusanli (ST 36) and Feishu (BL 13) were selected for grain-size moxibustion, 9 moxa cones on each acupoint, once a day. There was the follow-up visit without any treatment applied in the control group. The trial lasted for 6 weeks. The changes in NLR and the QOL score before and after treatment were observed in the patients of the two groups and the differences were compared between the two groups., Results: Compared with the condition before treatment, in the observation group, NLR was reduced apparently (P< 0.05), the general health state/life quality field, physical functioning, emotional functioning, cognitive functioning, fatigue, pain, short breath, insomnia and anorexia were improved apparently (all P < 0.05). In the control group, the differences were not significant in NLR, the general health states/life quality field, physical functioning, emotional functioning, cognitive functioning, role functioning, social functioning, fatigue, pain, short breath, insomnia and anorexia before and after treatment (all P > 0.05). In comparison of the two groups, NLR was reduced apparently in the observation group as compared with that in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). The scores of the general health state/life quality field, physical functioning, emotional functioning and cognitive functioning were increased apparently as compared with those in the control group after treatment (all P < 0.05). The scores of fatigue, pain, short breath, insomnia and anorexia in the observation group were reduced apparently as compared with those in the control group after treatment (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The wheat-size moxibustion therapy reduces NLR and improves the immune function and quality of life in the patients of NSCLC.

Objective: To observe the effects of bloodletting pricking, cupping and surrounding acupuncture on blood inflammation-related indices in patients with acute herpes zoster (HZ), and to explore the mechanism of pain control and treatment., Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the observation group, the patients were treated with bloodletting pricking at herpes, followed by cupping treatment; also the surrounding acupuncture was performed at injured skin. The treatment was given once a day and once every other day after the first 3 days; totally one-week treatment was given. In the control group, the patients were treated with intravenous drip of acyclovir and oral administration of vitamin B1 and B12, once a day for total one week. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and percentages of neutrophil, lymphocyte in peripheral and local blood were observed before and after treatment in the two groups., Results: After treatment, the score of VAS was significantly reduced in both groups (both P < 0.05); compared with the control group, the score of VAS and the time of pain relieve were significantly improved in the observation group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared before treatment, the percentages of lymphocyte in peripheral and local blood were reduced after treatment (both P < 0.05) and the percentages of neutrophil in local blood were increased (both P < 0.05). The lymphocyte in local blood was also reduced after treatment in the control group (P < 0.05); compared with peripheral blood in the observation group and local blood in the control group, the percentages of lymphocyte in local blood were reduced (both P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The efficacy of bloodletting pricking, cupping and surrounding acupuncture on acute herpes zoster is positive, and it can significantly lower the number of lymphocytes in the local blood and increase the number of neutrophil, which is likely to be one of the anti-virus mechanisms.

Forensic entomotoxicology is a branch of forensic medicine, which applies entomology, toxicology and other related studies to solve the poisoning cases. It has an obvious advantage in the investigation on poisoning death. Based on the expounding definition and research of entomotoxicology, this paper reviews research progress and application value in some aspects of forensic medicine, such as the effects of drugs/toxins on the growth and development of sarcosaphagous insects and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the drugs/toxins in the poisoned body tissue.

The deduced amino acid sequences characteristics, phylogeny, and functional diverge of ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acid desaturase families were analyzed by using Bioinformatics methods. The results showed that all the deduced amino acid sequences shared three highly conserved histidine rich motifs (Hisbox). All the plastidial ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acid desaturases possessed putative N-terminal signal peptide with different amino acids. A relatively conserved hydrophobic region composed of 10 amino-acid residues was found in the middle of signal peptides, which is presumed to be the functional region of the signal peptide of these enzymes. Most of the plant microsomal ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acid desaturases (FAD2 and FAD3) contained a KKXX-like motif of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal at the C-terminus. However, no such motif was detected in safflower CtFAD2-3, CtFAD2-4, CtFAD2-5, CtFAD2-6, and CtFAD2-7, while an aromatic aa enriched signal (YKNK) was found at their C-terminus which has been reported to be both necessary and sufficient for maintaining localization of the enzymes in the ER. All the amino acid sequences were divided into four categories through phylogenetic analysis. It was suggested that ω-3 fatty acid desaturase originates in a prokaryotic lineage from ω-6 fatty acid desaturase. Both plastidial and microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturases could be divided into dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous subgroups, which inferred that functional differentiation of plastidial and microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturases had been formed before the divergence of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. Seed type and housekeeping type FAD2 diverged after the formation of dicotyledonous plants. Except for plant FAD3/plant FAD2, posterior probability values over 0.80 amino acid sites were identified among the functional differentiation subsets, which were mainly distributed at the front and back end of Hisbox I, and the front end of Hisbox II. This indicated that the variations of these amino acid sites played an important role in the size and conformation of protein functional domains and subfamily functional divergence.

Objective: To research the pattern of larvae and pupae development when exposed to ketamine., Methods: The larvae of Chrysomya megacephala were reared in artificial diet containing ketamine with concentration of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively at 32 degrees C, 28 degrees C and 24 degrees C in environmental chamber with a 12-h photoperiod and 75% humidity. 10 samples were collected from each group every 12 h from the 16th h after hatching to pupation. The max body length, weight of the larvae, growth rate of body length, weight and developmental duration of each stage were observed., Results: The average length and weight in the treatment groups were significantly less than the control before achieving the maximum (P < 0.05), and the growth rate of 1/2LD50 group at 24 degrees C was most retarded. No dose dependence were observed among the ketamine fed groups. The effect of ketamine dose, temperature and their interaction on larval length and weight was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The effect of ketamine dose, temperature and their interaction account for, respectively, 20.9%, 60.2% and 18.9% of the total effect on growth of larval length, and they account for 8.3%, 85.6% and 6.1% of the total effect on growth of larval weight. The duration of larval stage in treatment groups was significantly delayed in comparison to the control at different temperatures (P < 0.05), and the duration of prepupal stage in treatment groups was significantly delayed (P < 0.05). However, the duration of pupal stage in treatment groups at 24 degrees C was significantly shorter than the control (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The time achieving maximum length and weight was significantly delayed, which results in an increased development duration of larval and prepupal stages, indicating that ketamine inhibits the growth of the larvae of C. megacephala.

Objective: To provide a set of the self-help and mutual-aid treatment with moxibustion to deal with myofasicial pain syndrome (MPS) of the back for the military soldiers., Methods: Fifty-eight cases were randomly devided into a moxibustion group (30 cases) and a plaster application group (28 cases). In the moxibustion group, the suspended moxibustion was applied to Yanglingquan (GB 34) for 15 min. The moxibustion massage device was used to massage the pain area. Under the physician's guides, the self-help or mutual-aid treatment was adopted. In the plaster application group, Goupi Gao (a black plaster used in TCM) was used on the local pain area. The treatment was given once every day in either group, lasting for 5 days. The clinical symptom scale, clinical physical sign scale, functional disturbance scale, functional disturbance index, comprehensive economic benefit and the others were adopted to analyze and compare the clinical efficacies between the two groups., Results: Both moxibustion and the plaster application achieved a certain efficacy on MPS of the back in the soldiers and either of them received the obvious improvements in the clinical symptoms, physical signs and functional disturbance (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The results in the moxibustion group were superior to those in the plaster application group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In terms of the comprehensive economic benefit index, the result in the moxibustion group was better than that in the plaster application group. The total effective rate was 96.7% (29/30) in the moxibustion group and was 35.7% (10/28) in the plaster application group. The efficacy in the moxibustion group was superior to that in the plaster application group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The self-help or mutual-aid treatment with moxibustion achieves the satisfactory clinical efficacy on MPS of the back in the military soldiers. It reduces the conventional medical cost and the military medical expenditure. This therapeutic approach is suitable to be promoted in the military.

Objective: To investigate the antibody response to leucine aminopeptidase in the different stages of Schistosoma japonicum infection., Methods: The expression product of SjLAP was identified by Western blot and further purified by using nickel column. The IgG levels in the response to SjLAP in murine and porcine sera were detected by ELISA at different time points after the infection of S. japonicum., Results: SjLAP expressed by E. coli was recognized by anti-his monoclonal antibody and S. japonicum-infected mice sera by Western blot. The results of ELISA showed that IgG responses to SjLAP rose gradually and reached the peak at 4 weeks post-infection for pigs (P1) and 6 weeks post-infection for mice (P2). With the appearance of a large number of eggs in the tissue, SjLAP-specific IgG levels were significantly down-regulated ( P1 = 0. 0004, P2 = 0. 0001)., Conclusion: SjLAP originated from the adult worm might become a potential target for early diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica.

Objective: To observe the improving effect of scalp point penetration needling on sleep quality and sleep structure for insomnia patients., Methods: Sixty-six cases of insomnia were randomly divided into a scalp point penetration needling group (observation group, 32 cases) and a routine acupuncture group (control group, 34 cases). The observation group was treated with Houshencong (EX-HN 1) penetrating to Qianshencong (EX-HN 1) and Xinhui (GV 22) penetrating to Shenting (GV 24) etc.; Baihui (GV 20), Anmian (EX- HN 22) and Neiguan (PC 6) etc. were selected in control group. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and micro-sensitive mattress sleep monitoring system were used to observe the sleep quality and sleep structure of the patients before and after treatment, respectively., Results: The completely improved rate of the sleep quality of 65. 6%(21/32)in observation group was superior to that of 35.3 (12/34) in control group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between two groups in latency of falling asleep, total time of sleep, time of deep sleep stage and more than 5 min awakening times of sleep structure after treatment (all P < 0. 01), the observation group was superior to control group., Conclusion: The scalp point penetration needling has more significant effects for improving the sleep quality and sleep structure of insomnia patients than the routine needling.

Objective: To investigate the biological characteristics of childhood T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and their clinical significance., Methods: Immunophenotyping was performed by three-color flow cytometry analysis using CD45 /SSC gating in 23 children with newly diagnosed T-ALL. Meanwhile cytogenetic analysis was performed., Results: CD3(+) expression of T-lineage antigens was apparently higher than CD7(+) and CD5(+) expression. CD19(+) expression of B-lineage antigens was apparently higher than CD22(+), CD10(+) and CD20(+) expression. Myeloid antigen was expressed in 4 cases (17%). CD34(+) and HLA-DR(+) were observed in 4 cases (17%) and 5 cases (22%), respectively. cCD3(+) and cCD79(+) were expressed in 23 cases (100%) and 22 cases (96%), respectively. The chromosome detection in 8 cases with T-ALL showed hyperdiploid or Ph(+) chromosome (one case each). The fusion gene detection in 5 cases showed MLL rearrangements in two cases and positive SIL/TAL1 fusion gene in one case. CD3 expression was related with the complete remission rate., Conclusions: Immunophenotyping is an important tool for diagnosis of T-ALL. However, the immunophenotype of T-ALL is heterogeneous. So, immunophenotyping along with cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis is needed in the treatment and prognosis evaluation of T-ALL.

Objective: To compare the immediate effect of moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) on body surface thermograph between the patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and healthy people., Methods: Thirty-five cases of MPS were selected in observation group and 15 cases of healthy people were in control group. ATIR-M301 medical infrared imaging device was used to observe the changes in body surface thermograph before and 15 min after moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) The qualitative analysis of picture pattern and the quantitative analysis of temperature were integrated to compare the differences between two groups., Results: Concerning to the infrared thermograph expression on the back of MPS cases in observation group, the abnormal thermal zone presented in 88.6% of the cases, mostly distributed in the upper and secondly in the lower back. The spinal thermal line was broken or disappeared ine about 50% of cases. The location of pain complained by 71.4% of cases was coincident with the zone of infrared thermograph expression. There was statistical significant difference in the temperatures difference of the two sides in the upper abnormal thermal zone on the back in observation group as compared with control group (P < 0.001). Body surface thermograph on the back were impacted by moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) for either MPS patients or healthy people, especially in upper back and rhomboid fossa. Moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) increased much more apparently the temperature on the upper back in MPS patients as compared with healthy people (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB34) brings the immediate improvements in the back thermograph for MPS patients.

Objective: To investigate the protection effects of electroacupuncture on injury of lipid peroxidation induced by liver ischemia in septic rats., Methods: Forty-eight male SD rats were subjected to sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and were randomly divided into a Sham operation group (group A), a CLP model group (group B), a CLP model plus electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) group (group C), a CLP model plus electroacupuncture at the shame acupoint (group D), a vagotomy plus CLP model group (group E) and CLP model plus electroacupuncture group after vagotomy (group F), 8 rats in each group. CLP was performed in group E and group F after the abdominal vagotomy. Bilateral "Zusanli"(ST 36) points and the shame acupoint were electroacupunctured (2 mA, 2/100 Hz) for 1 hour in group C, group F and group D, respectively. The hepatic blood flow (HBF) was detected by a laser-Doppler flowmetry at 6 h after CLP. The plasma activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was also determined and specimens of liver were harvested for evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and assessment of the rate of water content., Results: The blood flow of the liver was (56.97 +/- 11.95) U in group C which was significantly lower than (80.12 +/- 19.57) U in group A but higher than (42.61 +/- 10.97) U in group B, (44.53 +/- 9.23) U in group D, (30.05 +/- 4.46) U in group E and (30.46 +/- 6.38) U in group F (all P < 0.05) 6 h after CLP. Meanwhile, the levels of MDA, XOD, ALT and the rates of water content in liver in group C were all significantly higher than those in group A, but lower than those in the other four groups (all P < 0.05). The levels of MDA, XOD, ALT and the rates of water content in liver in group E and group F were all significantly higher than those in group D (all P < 0.05), while the blood flow of the liver lower than that in group D (P < 0.05), and with no significant differences in all above measurements between group E and group F (all P > 0. 05)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) can promote hepatic blood flow, inhibit lipid peroxidation and alleviate hepatic edema and dysfunction in septic rats, which might be related with the completeness of cranial nerve.

Xie Xi-Liang is an outstanding acupuncturist and doctor of TCM in Shanxi province. He is an immediate disciple of the prominent acupuncturist Cheng Dan-An. Furthermore, he is an important representative of Cheng-jiang school. He promotes and improves the technique of direct moxibustion; he has served the public by offering simple and effective acupuncture treatment for many years. His way of training is unique which emphasizes the importance of medical ethics and basic skill in acupuncture. He organizes multiple acupuncture training classes that have trained a great number of acupuncturists. He has great learing and rich practical experiences; he contributes tremendously in promoting moxibustion and the basic skill in acupuncture.

Background: Insomnia has become a threat to public health, and acupuncture has shown an advantage in treatment of insomnia with good efficacy and few side effects., Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of scalp penetration acupuncture for insomnia., Design, Setting, Participants and Interventions: A total of 70 insomnia cases meeting inclusion criteria from Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army were randomly divided into routine acupuncture group and scalp penetration acupuncture group. There were 32 cases in the scalp penetration acupuncture group, and 34 cases in the routine acupuncture group, for four cases lost to follow-up. The insomnia patients were all treated for four weeks., Main Outcome Measures: The therapeutic effects, cumulative scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and contents of sleep architecture were compared before and after treatment in the two groups., Results: The total response rate of 90.6% in the scalp penetration acupuncture group was higher than 73.5% in the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05), and the improvements of PSQI cumulative scores in sleep quality, sleep time and sleep efficiency in the scalp penetration acupuncture group were superior to those in the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The total sleep time and deep sleep time of sleep architecture in the scalp penetration acupuncture group significantly increased as compared with those in the routine acupuncture group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of scalp penetration acupuncture are better than those of routine acupuncture, especially for improving sleep quality, sleep time and sleep efficiency.

Objective: To study the relationship between human parvovirus B19 infection and childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) by the principle of evidence based medicine., Methods: Papers related to the relationship between human parvovirus B19 infection and childhood ITP published between 1994 and 2008 were retrieved electronically from the Chinese Journals Full-text Database and the Wanfang Data. These relevant papers on case-control trials were statistically studied by meta analysis., Results: Eight papers that met the inclusion criteria were included for this meta analysis. Five hundred and sixteen cases of childhood ITP and 246 healthy controls were enrolled. The meta analysis showed that the incidence of human parvovirus B19 infection in the ITP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR=13.71, 95% CI=7.07-26.59, Z=7.75, p<0.01)., Conclusions: Human parvovirus B19 infection is closely associated with childhood ITP.

Objective: To introduce the basic research and clinical application of the injectable bone repair biomaterials., Methods: The recent original articles about the injectable bone repair biomaterials were extensively reviewed., Results: The injectable bone repair biomaterials could fill irregularly shaped defects and might allow bone augmentation, both with minimal surgical intervention, and the injectable bone repair material had a good prospect by the medical profession and attach great importance to the academic material, but there were some deficiencies and shortcomings., Conclusion: The injectable bone repair biomaterials may be a future approach to repair bone defect.

The authors, in this paper, has briefly looked back the developmental history of human parasitology, which, as an independent discipline, was established in late 19th century and early 20th century. In the process, it underwent an early height of development, then met with setback and relative decline. Since 70s-80s of last century, the introduction and application of new theory of modern biology, especially advanced biotechniques to parasitology has led to a striking development in many fields of the discipline, leading to deeper understanding of parasite-host interplay as well as providing new ideals and tools for disease control. The authors also stressed that nowadays the discipline is still relatively isolated from the mainstream of modern biologic research and is still neglected by scientific community and medical education in the world, though it still is one of the major problems in public health, particularly in developing world including China. To argue the currently neglected situation of parasitology, especially in medical education, the authors emphasized the continuing requirements for the discipline and reflected on the developmental strategy of parasitology to meet the coming challenges and opportunities for further development.

To analyze retrospectively Mr. Xie Xiliang's medical records accumulated in 30 years on direct moxibustion for treating hepatitis B, in which 86 cases were included. Before accepting direct moxibustion, 80.23% of the cases had been treated by conventional Chinese and western medicine, but no satisfactory therapeutic effects were obtained. Direct moxibustion was applied for 7-9 cones at each point selected. Point selection was related to ages. Usually, only a few points were used, and Ganshu (BL 18) and Pishu (BL 20) were used as main points. Shenzhu (GV 12) was added for children, and Zusanli (ST 36) added for adults. The improvement rate in clinical symptoms and physical signs were 100%. In the cases with hepatauxe, splenauxe, liver cirrhosis, and abdominal dropsy diagnozed by the B-ultrasonic examination, the improvement was obvious. Of the total, the rates turning to be negative in HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb were 28.85%, 38.46%, and 36.54%, respectively. It took some 10 days to 1 month to begin to show improvement in physical signs and hepetic functions, and about 3-6 months for their restoration. For the five items tested in type B hepatitis, it took 5 months to 1 year, even several years, to show their improvement. It is indicated that direct moxibustion is definitely effective in treating type B hepatitis. It is easy to handle and worth popularizing.

To facilitate actualizing the national standard Standardized Manipulation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Part X, Thread-Embedding and answer some questions that may arise during practice, overall ideas and principles, the process and basis for its establishment, the main contents and their related research results, especially some disputed questions and the way to solve, as well as the end-results are explained in detail in this paper.

Great progress has been made on vaccine research for schistosomiasis, including those on immune mechanism and Schistosoma genome which have made active effect to vaccine development. This paper reviews the progress on the candidate vaccine antigens including protein vaccine, DNA vaccine and multivalent vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum.

Objective: To observe the relationship between C-V curve of the source points of 12 channels and cold Eighty patients with cold or heat syndrome were examined with Cowital Human Meor heat syndrome., Methods: ridian Diagnosing and Analyzing System, which can achieve quantitative analysis on C-V curve from the source points of 12 channels, and additional 40 healthy people were used as control group., Results: The relationship is close between the curvature of the C-V curves of the source points of the meridians and cold-heat syndromes of meridians. The greater is curvature of the C-V curves, the heater is the meridian, the smaller is curvature of the C-V curves, the colder is the meridian. At the same time it is discovered that the curvature of C-V curve has obviouse relationship with cold-heat property of meridians., Conclusion: The method can be used to set up and perfect the syndrome differentiation with cold-heat principle of meridian. Offer scientific basis for selecting acupoints, reducing-rein forcing methods and treatment means in clinical acupunction treatment.

Objective: To investigate the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes of Han population in Jiangsu of China., Methods: The alleles and haplotypes frequencies of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes in 100 unrelated healthy individuals were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT)., Results: Among the 7 DQA1 alleles detected, the most common allele was DQA1*0301/02/03 with a frequency of 29.5%, which was followed by DQA1*0501, DQA1*0102 and DQA1*0201 with frequencies of 18.5%, 17.0% and 12.5%, respectively. Of the 13 DQB1 alleles detected, DQB1*0201/02 allele (21.5%) was the most frequent allele, followed by DQB1*0301/09 (14.5%), DQB1*0303 (13.5%) and DQB1*0603 (11.5%). The most common DQA1 vs DQB1 haplotype was DQA1*0301/02/03 vs DQB1*0303 with a frequency of 12.5%, which was followed by the DQA1*0201-DQB1*0201/02 (10.5%),DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201/02 (9.5%) and DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301/09 (7.0%)., Conclusion: The distribution of HLA-DQ alleles and haplotypes in Jiangsu Han population shares some genetic characteristics with other population in northern of China, but has its own characteristics. The data will provide useful information for anthropology, organ transplantation and disease association studies.

Mr. Xie Xi-liang studied acupuncture from Mr. Cheng Dan-an in his early years. He has been engaged in clinical and teaching work of acupuncture and moxibustion for near 60 years. He attaches importance to basic training of acupuncture and moxibustion, advocates carefully choice of acupoints clinically, lays stress on using acupuncture and moxibustion to treat diseases, especially using direct moxibustion. He is good at deeply needing Fengfu (GV 16) to treat mental diseases. He has very rich knowledge and experience, and he deserves to be studied for younger generation.

Aim: To predict T-cell epitopes of recombinant schistosoma japonicum 28 kDa glutathione-S-transferase(GST) with software and identify the Th1 type T-cell epitopes by experiments., Methods: T-cell epitopes of recombinant schistosoma japonicum 28kDa GST were predicted with software and several epitopic candidates were screened from them according to their scores. Some of the epitopic candidates were synthesized and the other epitope peptides fused with thioredoxin(Trx) were expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) and purified by Ni(+) column affinity chromatography. C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice's were immunized via peritoneal infection with ultraviolet ray irradiated-cercariae and then boosted with recombinant schistosoma japonicum 28 kDa GST. The immunized mice splenocytes were prepared, cultured and stimulated with synthesized epitope peptides and epitope peptide fusion proteins, respectively. Stimulation activity of synthesized epitope peptides and epitope peptides fusion proteins were assayed by lymphocyte proliferation assay. Levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 were measured by ELISA. CD4(+) T cells and T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4 were detected by flow cytometry., Results: Epitope P6(73-86aa) among 9 epitopic candidates could generate the strongest stimulation effect on splenocytes, stimulate secretion of higher levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and induce more IFN-gamma(+) and IL-4 (+) T cells., Conclusion: The recombinant 28 kDa GST possesses functional Th1 type T-cell epitope.

Objective: To investigate the molecular characteristic of interferon-gamma mediating protective immunity against schistosomiasis japonica in mice., Methods: CD4+ T cells were isolated from spleens of mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum at different time-points. The cDNA microarray technique combined with RT-PCR was used to explore IFN-gamma inducible GTPase family gene expression profile of CD4+ T cell. IGTP, a representative IFN-gamma, inducible GTPase having vital anti-infection activity, was amplified from spleen of BALB/c mice using RT-PCR, then cloned into pGEM(r)-T easy vector for sequencing., Results: IFN-gamma inducible GTPase family had the similar characteristic over the course of S. japonicum infection. The gene expression of these members were up-regulated or had little change at 3 wk post-infection, then down-modulated from 6 wk to 13 wk post-infection, which was also confirmed by RT-PCR. As for IGTP, two inserts were identified after sequencing. One was 142 bp shorter than another, but the fragment was lost due to low annealing temperature., Conclusion: There is a dramatic inhibition of IFN-gamma pathway and IFN-gamma-dependent anti-infective immunity during the infection of S. japonicum.

Objective: To identify the T cell epitopes on 22.6 kDa antigen of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj22.6)., Methods: The primary structure of Sj22.6 molecule was analysed using various predictive algorithms and a panel of 4 peptides were acquired. Their oligonucleotides were designed, synthesized and inserted into the multiple cloning site of plasmid pET-32c(+). The recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21 and identified by endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The positive clones containing the recombinant plasmids could express specific fusion proteins (trx-epitope, MW approximately 20 kDa) induced by IPTG. The fusion protein with 6 x His could be coupled with NTA resin specifically, and purified by elusion of the column with buffer containing imidazole. The purified fusion proteins were incubated with splenocytes of C3H mice and then, the proliferation of splenocytes was determined by 3H-TdR incorporation assay., Results: The recombinant plasmids were constructed successfully and the positive clones containing the recombinant plasmids expressed specific fusion proteins. Three of the purified fusion proteins (P4, P5, P6) could stimulate the lymphocyte proliferation., Conclusion: Three T cell epitopes on Sj22.6 antigen were identified.

Objective: To purify the specific IgE antibody-related recombinant protein of Schistosoma japonicum and to identify its immunogenicity., Methods: The recombinant plasmid Sj43B/pGEX-6p-1 was expressed in E. coli BL 21. The inclusion body of the fusion protein was washed by TNMFX buffer and separated by FPLC. After renaturation, the fusion protein was used to vaccinate the mice. The specific IgG and IgE antibodies were detected by dot-ELISA and Western blotting analysis, respectively., Results: Most of the proteins mixed with the inclusion body of the recombinant protein could be eliminated by washing with TNMFX buffer. The purified recombinant fusion protein could be obtained by FPLC separation. The experiment on mice immunized with the fusion protein showed that the specific IgE antibody was generated against the target part of the fusion protein, but not the specific IgG antibody., Conclusion: The fusion protein expressed by the recombinant plasmid Sj43B/pGEX-6p-1 could induce specific IgE response of the immunized mice.

Objective: To identify the epitopes of 22.6 kDa antigen of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj22.6)., Methods: A 12-mer library displayed on pIII of fd phage was used to screen the epitopes of Sj22.6 with the purified multiple clone IgG antibody against the Sj22.6 antigen. Five rounds of biopanning were carried out and fourteen clones from the fifth round biopanning were randomly selected and identified by Western blotting. The mice were immunized with the obtained positive clones and the antibody titers of sera from the mice were detected. The clones which could stimulate the mice to produce anti-Sj22.6 antibodies were sequenced and their amino acid sequences were compared with that of Sj22.6., Results: Six clones selected from the fourteen ones could stimulate the mice to produce anti-Sj22.6 antibodies analysed by Western blotting. The amino acid sequence of one epitope showed high homology with Sj22.6., Conclusion: Four epitopes of Sj22.6 were obtained. One may be a structure epitope and the other three were mimic epitopes.