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In order to investigate the effects of phosphorus on the branching growth and the related physiology of Medicago sativa under the short-term cultivation, the non-fall dormancy variety WL525 HQ was used as the experimental material. The branching characteristics, photosynthetic indexes and root nutrients of Medicago sativa under different phosphorus levels were determined by field experiment and pot experiment. The results showed that phosphorus treatment had no significant effect on the number of root crown shoots and shoot branching of Medicago sativa, but significantly increased the single branch weight of root crown shoots and shoot branching (P<0.05), thus increasing the dry weight per plant. The phosphorus treatment improved the photosynthetic performance of Medicago sativa. Compared with the control group, the net photosynthetic rate of the first crop treated with 10 g, 15 g and 20 g P2O5 under the potted cultivation was significantly increased by 14.0%, 16.7% and 14.2%, respectively. The phosphorus treatment tended to increase the contents of soluble sugar, starch and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) in the roots of Medicago sativa, and significantly increased their storage capacity (P<0.05). The total nitrogen content and its storage capacity increased significantly with the increase of phosphorus application (P<0.05). The daily increment of dry matter of Medicago sativa after mowing was significantly increased with the increase of phosphorus application rate (P<0. 05), and the regeneration rate was significantly positively correlated with the storage capacity of root nutrients (P<0.05). The comprehensive test results showed that: the phosphorus treatment has improved the dry matter yield of Medicago sativa mainly by increasing the single branch weight of branches, and the reason why phosphorus could increase the single branch weight of branches was that the phosphorus has promoted the flow of nutrients between roots and newborn branches! thus accelerating the growth of newborn branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, TtsI, a regulator of HH103 type III secretion system in Sinorhizobium was detected. The mutant HH103ΩTtsI was obtained by three-parental hybridization and identified by PCR. Type III effector expression analysis showed that TtsI mutation could inhibit the transcription and expression of effector genes such as NopAA, NopD, NopL, and NopP in the presence of genistein. When TtsI mutated, it could significantly inhibit the synthesis of rhizobium HH103 type III effector. TtsI mutants and wild-type rhizobium HH103 were used to identify nodules in 10 soybean germplasm of different ecological regions. These results showed that the TtsI mutation could significantly reduce the average number of nodule and the dry weight of nodule. The nodule phenotype identification results of the introduced line population showed that the TtsI mutant significantly reduced the average nodule number of the introduced line. This showed that TtsI played an important role in the establishment of a soybean-rhizobia symbiotic system depending on other type III effectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth, and biological nitrogen fixation is an important source of nitrogen to soybean growth. In this study, we used Suinong14 as the recurrent parent and wild bean ZYD00006 as the male parent to construct an introgression lines covering the whole genome of wild soybean. QTL mapping of nodule number and nodule dry weight based on soybean introduced line group. Three QTLs for nodule dry weight, located on three linkage groups of N, M and D2. Five QTLs for nodule number, located on linkage groups K, F, J and D2. There are overlapping segments (7.20-7.79Mb) on D2 linkage group. Gene annotation was performed on 63 genes in this overlapping segment, and 6 genes related to symbiosis and disease resistance were selected as candidate genes for further verification. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression pattern of Glyma.17G097000 during rhizobial infection was very different compared to the control. Glyma.17G097000 belongs to the GmHIR gene family, and 11 family members were found in the soybean genome. The structural similarity of Gm-HIR family genes is very high, and genes expression is tissue-specific. Soybean HIR protein has two domains, Stomatins and Prohibitin, and can participate in physiological processes such as ion channel regulation, which are related to plant disease resistance and cell cycle. The GmHIR genes are derived from four ancestors and highly conserved during evolution. The qRT-PCR analysis of 11 members of GmHIR gene family showed that the expression patterns of these three genes Glyma.05G029800, Glyma.09G154400 and Glyma.17G097000 during rhizobial infection were significantly different from the control. These results indicated that these three genes could have played an important role in the establishment of a soybean symbiosis system, and participated in the regulation of ion channels and immune responses during the establishment of a symbiotic system of rhizobium and soybean. This study lays the foundation for the study of soybean-rhizobia symbiosis mechanism and provides effective candidate genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical rationalism represented by Kant, instead of utilitarianism championed by Bentham, is the only theoretical basis of Marxist economic ethics. Kant's ethical rationalism holds that only when economic behaviors do not run after wealth can economic ethics be accessible. Happiness and unhappiness cannot be taken as universal criteria for ethics, and thus cannot be considered rules of human behaviors. The specific aspects of economic behaviors can follow some ethical rules, but this can only render such aspects themselves relatively ethical rather than enabling the economic activities as a whole to be morally right in essence. Hence, it is groundless for western scholars to build a connection between economic behaviors and ethics. Economic behaviors can be guided by some presupposed values, but their pursuit of wealth is not likely to be changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negotiation behaviors of stakeholders in construction project are analyzed by employing KMRW reputation model. The replicator dynamic models of general contractor and owner are separately established. Two kinds of evolutionary stable strategy of dynamic game in construction project negotiation, trust and distrust, are elicited based on the replicator dynamic models. Discount coefficient, excess income and initial dedication of partners are identified as three critical factors which affect the evolutionary directions of construction project negotiation system. Based on the analysis of three factors' effects on project negotiation system, it is reasoned out that adopting trust strategy is the critical success factor for keeping cooperative evolutionary direction and cooperative stability of project negotiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the material and cultural forms of Jiangsu intangible cultural heritages (ICHs) were described in Ming and Qing novels, especially in those full--length social novels. Corresponding with the regions and names of national intangible cultural heritages, the novels mostly described these ICHs associated with the regions such as embroidery--Suzhou, Cloud--pattern Brocade--Nanjing, etc. Except as a kind of provenance related to those local products, the ICHs were also described in other places in Ming and Qing novels, especially in northern China, the residents usually felt honorable if they could own those southern ICHs, which suggests ICHs spread extensively at that time. However, those novels merely described the lives of upper classes, so that we can hardly find the records on how to make those ICHs at that time. The thirty--seven ICHs in Jiangsu mostly developed and matured in Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it is of great realistic significance for us to look for traces from Ming and Qing novels so as to protect, preserve and investigate these ICHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on intra-cluster similarity and inter-cluster similarity, this paper proposes a clustering quality evaluation method, which determines the similarity between the clustering result and the natural structure of the concerned population. A simple experiment and some analyses indicate that the evaluation method is basically in accordance with human's intuition of classification, and can be used to evaluate clustering results, or as complementary techniques to other methods, or to modify manual standards for clustering test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a complex multiphase food, ice cream is composed of fat globules, bubbles and ice crystals dispersed in a semi-frozen solution. The fat content is usually 8%~16%, which plays an important role in the ice cream system. However, excessive fat intake can have a negative impact on health, so the use of fat substitutes to replace part or all of ice cream fat has become a research focus. This paper reviewed the research progress of fat substitutes in ice cream by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years, and focused on the introduction of different types of fat substitutes, as well as the effects on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of low-fat ice cream. The applications were summarized and the future research direction and focus were also prospected.

The current scheme of manually extracting features for object detection has been replaced by deep learning. Deep learning technology has greatly promoted the development of object detection technology. Object detection has also become one of the most important application fields of deep learning. Object detection is to simultaneously predict the category and position of object instances in a given image. This technology has been widely used in medical imaging, remote sensing technology, monitoring and security, automatic driving and other fields. However, with the diversification of object detection application fields, the imbalance problem in the application of deep learning to object detection has become a new entry point to optimize the object detection training model. This paper mainly analyzes the use of machine learning technology to solve the object detection problem. There are four kinds of imbalance problems in each training stage of the model: data imbalance, scale imbalance, relative space imbalance and classification and regression imbalance. This paper analyzes the main reasons for the problem, studies representative classical solutions, and expounds the problems existing in object detection in various fields. By analyzing and summarizing the object detection imbalance problems, this paper discusses the directions of the imbalance of object detection in the future.

Objective: To provide basic data for clinical application and individualized design of lumbar disc prostheses by measuring the anatomical parameters of lumbar intervertebral discs and endplates in healthy adults with CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 200 males and 200 females with normal lumbar spine who were admitted to the imaging center or outpatient department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2019 to December 2020. The age ranged from 20 to 60 years old, with an average of (40.61±11.22) years old. The measurement segment was L 1 -S 1 intervertebral disc, and the measurement indicators included the axial anteroposterior diameter and transverse diameter of the intervertebral disc, sagittal anterior, middle and posterior height, coronal left and right height, intervertebral space angle, and transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the upper and lower endplates of each vertebral body., Results: ①In terms of gender, the anatomical parameters of L 1 -S 1 disc axial diameter, transverse diameter, sagittal anterior, middle and posterior height, left and right coronal height and intervertebral space angle were all higher in males than in females( P <0.05), and the anatomical parameters of upper and lower endplates of L 1 -S 1 vertebral body were higher in males than in females( P <0.001). ②In comparison of sagittal height of anterior, middle and posterior intervertebral discs, the sagittal height of L 1 -L 5 intervertebral discs was middle-high > anterior-high > posterior-high( P <0.001), while that of L 5 S 1 intervertebral disc was anterior-high > middle-high > posterior-high ( P <0.001). ③In the comparison of left and right coronal height, there was no statistical significance in the left and right coronal height of L1-S1 disc between male and female( P >0.05). ④The L 1 -S 1 intervertebral spaces angle between male and female increased with the increase of vertebral body segments. ⑤The anterior and posterior diameters and transverse diameters of upper and lower of L 1 -S 1 vertebral bodies endplates were height in males than in females( P <0.001)., Conclusion: The results suggest that gender differences should be considered in the design of adult lumbar disc prostheses. The anatomical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc varied with the increase of the vertebral body sequence, suggesting that different anatomical parameters of the intervertebral disc should be considered in the design of the artificial intervertebral disc, and the changes in the height of the sagittal position suggest that the design of the intervertebral disc should be wedge-shaped.

The present study investigated the influence of heating and honey addition on the appearance, chemical component content, and pharmacological activity of Codonopsis Radix decoction pieces in the honey-frying process, and explored the processing mechanism of honey-fried Codonopsis Radix. The color, sweetness, and content of macromolecular components(e.g., oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) and small molecular components(e.g., lobetyolin and atractylenolide Ⅲ) of raw Codonopsis Radix, fried Codonopsis Radix, honey-mixed Codonopsis Radix, and honey-fried Codonopsis Radix were determined, and the antioxidant activities in vitro of their water extract, polysaccharide extract, and oligosaccharide extract were compared. The results showed that in terms of color and sweetness, compared with the raw Codonopsis Radix, the fried Codonopsis Radix slightly changed, the honey-mixed Codonopsis Radix changed significantly, and the honey-fried Codonopsis Radix changed with high significance. In terms of the content of lobetyolin, atractylenolide Ⅲ, and polysaccharides, the samples were ranked as raw Codonopsis Radix &gt; fried Codonopsis Radix &gt; honey-mixed Codonopsis Radix &gt; honey-fried Codonopsis Radix, which indicated that heating and honey addition could reduce the content of these three components. In terms of the content of oligosaccharides, the samples were ranked as honey-fried Codonopsis Radix ≈ honey-mixed Codonopsis Radix &gt; fried Codonopsis Radix ≈ raw Codonopsis Radix, indicating that honey addition could increase the content of oligosaccharides. In terms of antioxidant activity in vitro, ABTS radical scavenging ability of water extract, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides of honey-fried Codonopsis Radix was most potent, while the change of antioxidant activity in vitro of each extract in the other three processed products was different. In short, both heating and honey addition can affect the appearance, chemical component content, and antioxidant activity in vitro of Codonopsis Radix decoction pieces, but the effect of the combination of the two factors is the best. The comprehensive analysis of the effects of heating and honey addition on Codonopsis Radix decoction pieces indicates that honey addition followed by heating at high temperature is the necessary condition for honey-fried Codonopsis Radix to enhance its activity.

We analyzed soil quality based on soil microbial characteristics of three different vegetation types in the wetlands of East Dongting Lake, including Carex tristachya wetland (CTW), Phragmites australis wetland (PAW), and Salix babylonica wetland (SBW). The soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN) and enzyme activities were measured and the key influen-cing factors were analyzed during the normal, flood, and dry periods. The results showed that: 1) The amounts of MBC, MBN, and the activities of invertase and cellulase (except cellulase of dry season) in 0-10 cm were higher than those in 10-20 cm for all wetlands, while the catalase activity showed an opposite pattern. 2) The amounts of MBC and MBN and the values of MBC/TOC and MBN/TN for the 0-20 cm soil layer of each vegetation type wetland were the lowest in flood period. 3) Soil invertase activity for each vegetation type wetland in the 0-20 cm soil layer peaked in the dry period, while soil cellulase activity peaked in the normal period. The seasonal fluctuation of soil catalase activities in all wetlands were small, with activities being slightly higher in flood period than the other two periods. 4) Among different vegetation types, soil invertase activity of PAW was significantly higher than that of other vegetation types, and cellulase activity of which was the lowest in both normal and flood periods. There was no difference in these two enzymes activities among wetlands during the dry period. The highest soil catalase activity was found in CTW during normal period and in SBW during dry period, respectively, while its lowest value was in PAW during flood period. 5) Soil MBC, MBN and invertase activity were correlated positively with soil TOC, TN and TP, and negatively correlated with soil pH. The activities of soil cellulase and catalase were significantly negatively correlated with TOC, TN, TP and positively correlated with pH. It suggested that the seasonal fluctuation of water level affected soil C, N, P contents and pH values, with consequences on soil MBC, MBN and enzyme activities.

Objective: To study whether the warm/cold air injection sequence affects the test results in the caloric test, and provide a basis for the specification and quality control of the caloric test. Methods: Video nystagmography and warm and cold air stimulation apparatus were applied for caloric test. Thirty healthy volunteers （60 ears） were divided into two groups of 15 （30 ears） each. The first group was given cold air stimulation followed by warm air stimulation, and the second group was given heat followed by cold. The differences in nystagmus maximal slow phase velocity （SPV）, semicircular canal paresis （CP） and dominant preponderance （DP） were compared between the two groups of subjects under different perfusion sequences of caloric test. Results: The intensity of nystagmus evoked by subjects in group 1 （cold first and then warm） and group 2 （warm first and then cold） were similar. Paired t -test showed that intra-group analysis of the SPV values of the two groups, comparison of the intensity of nystagmus evoked by different temperatures of the same ear or different sides of ear with the same temperature, the difference was not statistically significant （all P >0.05）. Independent samples t -test showed that between-group analysis of SPV values of two groups, the intensity of nystagmus induced by the same and different temperature stimuli in the ipsilateral ear, the difference was not statistically significant （all P >0.05）. Independent samples t -test showed that the CP values of the two groups were analyzed between groups, and the difference was not statistically significant （all P >0.05）. Independent samples t -test showed that DP values of both groups were in the normal range and the difference was not statistically significant （all P >0.05）. Conclusion: Different perfusion sequences of warm and cold air do not affect the results of caloric tests, and the order of warm and cold air stimulation is not the normative and quality control research direction of caloric test., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 upregulates the expression of tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene in ovarian cancer cells., Methods: Ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 treated with 20(S)-Rg3 were examined for mRNA and protein levels of VHL, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The changes in VHL mRNA expression in SKOV3 cells in response to treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, were detected using real-time PCR. VHL gene promoter methylation was examined with methylation-specific PCR and VHL expression levels were determined with real-time PCR and Western blotting in non-treated or 20(S)-Rg3-treated SKOV3 cells and in 20(S)-Rg3-treated DNMT3A-overexpressing SKOV3 cells. VHL and DNMT3A protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry in subcutaneous SKOV3 cell xenografts in nude mice., Results: Treatment of SKOV3 cells with 20(S)-Rg3 significantly upregulated VHL and downregulated DNMT3A expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels ( P < 0.05) and upregulated DNMT3B expression only at the mRNA level, but did not cause significant changes in either the mRNA or protein level of DNMT1. Treatment of the cells with 2 and 5 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR obviously increased VHL mRNA expression by by over 3 folds ( P < 0.05). 20(S)-Rg3 significantly decreased the methylation level in the promoter region of VHL gene, and this effect was abrogated by DNMT3A overexpression in the cells ( P < 0.05). Immunohistochemisty showed a significantly increased VHL expression but a lowered DNMT3A expression in subcutaneous SKOV3 cell xenografts in 20 (S)-Rg3-treated nude mice., Conclusions: Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 upregulates VHL expression in ovarian cancer cells by suppressing DNMT3A-mediated DNA methylation.

In recent years, the health risks of cooking oil fumes have been widely concerning. Since formaldehyde is one of the major pollutants emitted from cooking oil fumes, the degradation of formaldehyde should be investigated. Due to the advances and innovations in the degradation of pollutants, biodegradation was evaluated in this research. In this study, we screened out the strain of XF-1, which can degrade formaldehyde from cooking oil fume condensates. The strain of XF-1 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp. by a sequence analysis combing morphology, physiological, and biochemical experiments. The degrading characteristics of the strain were further studied. In the medium with a formaldehyde concentration of 100 mg·L -1 , the efficiency of XF-1 for degrading formaldehyde was 95.80% within 34 h. When the initial concentration of formaldehyde was <300 mg·L -1 , the XF-1 strain could completely degrade the formaldehyde within 120 h. When the formaldehyde concentration was 800 mg·L -1 , the degradation rate of the XF-1 strain reached 73.01% at 96 h. The maximum tolerated concentration of formaldehyde was 1500 mg·L -1 . According to a single factor experiment (pH, inoculation amount, formaldehyde concentration, and temperature), the influence of each factor on the degradation of formaldehyde was studied. The optimal growth condition of the strain was 30℃ at pH 6 with an inoculum amount of 10%. The degradation specificity of formaldehyde was studied by comparing it with that of other bacillus species. The results showed that XF-1 strain was specific with regard to the function of degrading formaldehyde and was able to withstand a high oil environment. The maximum tolerable oil concentration of XF-1 was 900 g·L -1 . By analyzing the extracellular metabolites, it was determined that the metabolic pathway of formaldehyde degradation was the RuMP assimilation pathway. In this paper, a strain of formaldehyde degrading bacteria that was also resistant to oil was screened out and its metabolic mechanism was studied. The results indicated that the bacteria had broad application prospects in the treatment of formaldehyde emitted from cooking oil fumes.

Some Chinese herbal medicine needs to be processed before it can be used as medicine, especially toxic Chinese medicine. Highly toxic Aconti Kusnezoffii Radix(Caowu in Chinese) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and Mongolian medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, Caowu is usually processed by boiling with water(CW) until no white part inside and being tasted without tongue-numbing. In Mongolian medicine, it is usually soaked in Chebulae Fructus(Hezi in Chinese) decoction for several days(CH). Both methods could reduce toxicity according to reports. The biggest difference between CW and CH is that CW needs to be heated for 4-6 h, while CH needs Hezi as processing adjuvants. To explore the toxicity reduction mechanism of CW and CH, we studied the contents of various compounds in Caowu processed by two methods by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. The results indicated that CW had 14 new ingredients, such as 14-O-anisoylneoline and dehydro-mesaconitine, while N-demethyl-mesaconitine and aconitine disappeared. At the same time, it could significantly decrease the content of diester diterpenoid alkaloids and increase the contents of monoester diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids. CH had 9 new ingredients from Hezi, like gallic acid, chebulic acid and shikimic acid. Neither the kinds nor the contents of compositions from Caowu in CH changed little. This suggested that the processing mechanism of CW reduced highly toxic components(diester diterpenoid alkaloids) and increased the content of lowly toxic components(monoester diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids). Attenuated principle of CH may be related to the components of Hezi. In this experiment, the conclusion shows that the chemical constituents of CW and CH are essentially different, and the two methods have different toxicity reduction principles.

We analyzed the effects of slope direction on soil nutrients and ecological stoichiometry by collecting soil samples from different slope directions (shady slope and sunny slope) of the bamboo forest in Longyou County, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that soil nutrients were affected by slope direction and soil depth. The nutrients level of soils in the sampling area showed the trends of shady slope > sunny slope, and surface soil > bottom soil. Compared to sunny slope, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), the contents of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium of shady soils significantly increased by 43.7%, 103.8%, 92.0%, 75.5%, 22.4%, 89.4% and 240.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus contents between shady slope and sunny slope. At all soil layers, there was no significant difference of C/N ratio between shady and sunny slopes. The average C/P ratio of shady slope was 180.8%, 42.0% and 54.3% higher than that of sunny slope at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm, respectively. At each soil layer, the average C/K and N/K ratios between shady and sunny slopes had no significant difference. The average C/K and N/K ratios of shady slope and sunny slope were all significantly different among the three soil layers. In the shady slope, the contents of soil organic carbon showed significantly positive correlation with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and soil available nutrients. Overall, soil nutrients and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of shady slope of bamboo forest were superior to those of sunny slope.

Objective: To discuss the characteristics of subjective visual gravity (subjective visual vertical/horizontal, SVV/SVH) and assess its clinical application for peripheral unilateral vestibular compensation., Methods: 69 cases of acute peripheral unilateral vestibular dysfunction patients (case group) accepted SVV/SVH, spontaneous nystagmus (SN), caloric test (CT) and other vestibular function tests. 49 healthy people (control group) accepted SVV/SVH only. SVV/SVH, SN and unilateral weakness (UW) were selected as for the observation indicators. The correlations between SVV/SVH, SN, UW and courses were investigated respectively, as well as the characteristic of SVV/SVH, SN in period of vestibular compensation., Results: Among case group SVV, SVH positive in 42 patients(60.9%) and 44 patients(63.8%), the absolute values of the skew angle were in the range between 2.1°-20.0°, 2.1°-22.2°. Skew angles of SVV/SVH in control were in the range between -1.5°-2.0° and -2.0°-1.6°, and had no statistical significance with case group(t=5.336 and 5.864, P<0.05). SN-positive 28 cases (40.6%), the range of intensities at 2.4°-17.1°; UW-positive 50 cases (72.5%). In case group, positive correlation between SVV and SVH(r=0.948, P=0.00), negatively correlated between SVV/SVH and SN respectively(r values were -0.720, -0.733, P values were 0.00), no correlation between the skew angle of SVV/SVH, strength of SN and UW value(r values were 0.191, 0.189, and 0.179, P>0.05), there was no correlation between the absolute value of SVV, SVH, SN, UW with the duration (rs values were -0.075, -0.065, -0.212, and 0.126, P>0.05)., Conclusion: Subjective visual gravity can be used not only to assess the range of unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction, but also help assess the static compensatory of otolithic, guidance and assessment of vestibular rehabilitation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on semicircular canal function., Methods: By means of a series prospective study at Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of our hospital, the study was performed on 77 patients suffering from OSAHS in a period from 2012 to 2014, who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and caloric test. The maximal slow-phase velocity (SPV) and unilateral weakness (UW) were used to measure the vestibular function. Severity of OSAHS was evaluated by the lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO₂) and apnea hypopnea index (AHI). The SPV after cool was signed, warm test was performed for each ear, and the sum of left ear SPV were calculated, and then, the SPV of right ear was counted as the same way. Finally, the relationships between LSaO₂, AHI, age, BMI, and SPV of caloric test were analyzed., Results: Caloric vestibular tests in the 77 OSAHS patients demonstrated abnormal findings in 52 patients (67.5%) and normal vestibular functions in the remaining 25 patients (32.5%). Of the 52 patients with an abnormal test result, 16 (20.8%) patients had unilateral vestibular hyporeflexia and 36 (46.7%) patients revealed a bilateral vestibular hyporeflexia. There was no linear relationship between AHI, age, BMI with SPV of caloric test (P > 0.05). The SPV had significant difference between Lower LSaO₂group (LSaO₂< 50%) and higher LSaO₂group (LSaO₂≥ 80%) (P < 0.05). LSaO₂was lower in patients undertaken bilateral vestibular hyporeflexia., Conclusions: OSAHS patients with long-term intermittent hypoxia can disturb the vestibular organs and reduce semicircular canal function. The heavier hypoxemia will lead to the lower reflex of semicircular canal, with the heavier degree of hypoxemia, and the bilateral horizontal semicircular canal involvement may also be higher at the same time. Due to the effect of vestibule centre compensatory, OSAHS patients lack of dizziness and symptoms from balance disturbances such as typically acute vestibular damage.

Objective: To investigate the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the expression of Cx43 and its gap junction intercellular communication function in testicular cancer cells., Methods: Cultured testicular cancer cells I-10 were treated with different concentration of RA (2.5, 5.0,10.0 micromol/L). The expression of Cx43 in 1-10 cells was detected by Western blot, and the distribution and location of Cx43 on cellular membrane was studied with immunofluorescence assay. Parachute assay was used to detect the function of gap junction intercellular communication composed of Cx43 in 1-10 cells., Results: RA (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 micromol/L) markedly increased the expression of Cx43 in I-10 cells, the enhancement ratios were 43.14% +/- 2.1%, 58.09% +/- 1.8%, 143.13% +/- 1.6%, respectively. The result of immunofluorescence assay showed that RA (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 micromol/L) obviously increased the level of Cx43 located on the cellular membrane of I-10 cells. The result of parachute assay demonstrated that RA (2.5,5.0,10.0 gmol/L) could enhance the intercellular dye coupling through gap junction, the enhancement ratios were 26.1% +/- 2.3%, 63.3% +/- 1.6%, 140.5% +/- 3.4%, respectively., Conclusion: RA could enhance the gap junction intercellular communication by increasing the expression of Cx43 in I-10 cells.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Src kinase inhibitor PP2 on intercellular communication of gap junction in breast cancer cells., Methods: Cultured breast cancer Hs578T cells were treated with various concentrations of pp2 (0,1,2,4,8,16,32 μmol/L) for 24h. Cell growth was determined by MTT assay; dye spread in Hs578T cells was measured by Parachute assay; and the expression of Src kinase in Hs578T cells was detected by Western blot., Results: MTT assay showed that the survive rate of Hs578T cells treated with PP2 (1 ≊ 8 μmol/L) was 98% ± 3% ≊ 94 % ± 4%. Parachute assay showed that compared to control group the standard normalized dye spread rates of Hs578T cells treated with 1,2,4 and 8 μmol/L PP2 were 1.60 ± 0.08,2.00 ± 0.05,2.20 ± 0.05 and 2.70 ± 0.09,respectively (all P<0.01). Moreover,compared to control group at the same time points,the standard normalized dye spread of Hs578T cells treated with 8 μmol/L PP2 for 6,12 and 24 h were 1.4 ± 0.05,1.7 ± 0.06,and 2.2 ± 0.07,respectively (all P<0.01). Western blot showed that the expression ratios of Src kinase/β-actin of Hs578T cells treated with 1,2,4 and 8 μmol/L PP2 for 24 h were 0.93 ± 0.02,0.70 ± 0.09,0.66 ± 0.09 and 0.36 ± 0.10,which were significantly inhibited compared with control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). And the expression ratio of Src kinase/β-actin of Hs578T cells treated with 8 μmol/L PP2 for 6,12 and 24h was 0.82 ± 0.03,0.66 ± 0.08 and 0.59 ±0.09, which were all inhibited significantly compared to control group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: PP2 enhances the gap junction function in breast cancer Hs578T cells, which is probably related to the inhibition of Src kinase.

Objective: To investigate the effect of valproate acid sodium (VPA) on gap junction intercellular communication in breast cancer Hs578T cells and explore the mechanism., Methods: MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of VPA on Hs578T cells, and parachute assay was used to detect the effect of VPA on dye spread of the cells. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression changes of Cx43 total protein in VPA-treated Hs578T cells. The effect of VPA on the expression of Cx43 on the surface of Hs578T cells was examined with immunofluorescence assay., Results: MTT assay showed no obvious cytotoxicity of VPA on Hs578T cells at the concentrations below 10 mmol/L. VPA below 5 mmol/L obviously increased the gap junction function in Hs578T cells (P<0.01), and significantly enhanced the expression of Cx43 total protein (P<0.01) and Cx43 expression on the surface of Hs578T cells (P<0.01)., Conclusion: VPA can obviously increase the gap junction function in Hs578T cells possibly by enhancing Cx43 total protein expression and Cx43 protein expression on the surface of Hs578T cells.

Total phosphorus (TP), inorganic-phosphorus(IP), organic-phosphorus (OP), Fe/Al-bound phosphorus (NaOH-P) and Ca-bound phosphorus (HCl-P) in surface sediments of Chaohu Lake were measured, using the standard measurement and test (SMT) procedure of phosphorus forms in freshwater sediments. ArcGIS 9.2 and goestatistics software GS + 5. 3 were applied to process the spatial data and interpolation. Results showed that no significant seasonal variation of TN, TP and organic matter contents in sediments were presented, and the western lake had higher contents of TN, TP and organic matter than those in eastern lake; the C/N ratios varied from 21.35 to 28.19, with average value of 24.94, which demonstrated the dominance of non-point source pollution. The TP contents in surface sediments ranged from 528.90 to 1 385.71 mg x kg(-1), and the main form of TP in sediments was IP(accounted for 55.78% -79.86% of TP). The OP in sediments ranged from 169.05 mg x kg(-1) to 841.24 mg x kg(-1), with eastern lake and western lake were 376.02 mg x kg(-1) and 406.53 mg x kg(-1), respectively (accounted for 47.49% and 36.28% of TP); the NaOH-P contents in sediments ranged from 33.77 mg x kg(-1) to 411.37 mg x kg(-1), with eastern lake and western lake of 376.02 mg x kg(-1) and 406.53 mg x kg(-1), respectively (accounted for 21.73% and 33.12% of the IP); the HCl-P contents ranged from 194.95 mg x kg(-1) to 477.45 mg x kg(-1), with eastern lake and western lake 321.71 mg x kg(-1). and 338.08 mg x kg(-1), respectively (accounted for 64.50% and 40.53% of the IP), which was the main species of IP. The OP contents was high in spring and winter compared with summer and autumn, while the contents of HCl-P and NaOH-P in summer and autumn were higher than those in spring and winter.

Objective: To compare the antimycobacterial activities of rifampicin (RFP) and rifabutin (RBT), and to evaluate the correlation between RBT resistance and genetic alterations in the rpoB gene., Methods: The microplate-based alamar blue assay (MABA) method was performed to detect the antimycobacterial activities of RFP and RBT in 168 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Meanwhile, we also analyzed the 81 bp core region of rpoB gene by DNA sequencing. The rate of gene mutations was analyzed by chi-square test., Results: RBT was sensitive for all of the 66 RFP-sensitive strains with no mutations in 81 bp core region of rpoB gene. But of the 102 RFP-resistant strains, 76 strains were also resistant to RBT. Cross resistance between RFP and RBT was 74.5% (76/102). Alterations at codons 516, 526, 531 in the rpoB gene correlated with resistance to both RFP and RBT. While point mutations at codons 511 and 533 possibly influenced the susceptibility to RFP but not to RBT. The mutation rate (92.1%, 70/76) of rpoB gene of RBT-resistant strains was significantly higher than that (23.9%, 22/92) of RBT-sensitive strains (χ(2) = 78.12, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: RBT was more active against M. tuberculosis as compared to RFP. The RFP-resistant strains with MIC ≤ 4 mg/L were still susceptible to RBT. Our results suggest that analysis of genetic alterations in the rpoB gene is useful for predicting RFP-resistance, and may have implications for evaluating RBT-resistance.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and clinical feature of essential tremor (ET) in a community cohort of the elderly in Kashkar., Methods: By using a door-to-door, two-phase screening approach, some 2834 residents of Hans ethnicity were investigated form 2008 to 2009., Results: In this study, 184 ET patients were found. The prevalence rate of ET was 6.49%. The prevalence rate was increased with age and higher in men (8.45%) than in women (4.59%), especially in people aged above 75 years old. The prevalence rate of ET was 7.26% in illiterate people, followed by 7.27%, 5.81%, 5.58% and 9.37% in those having received primary, junior, senior high school and college. The ratio of windowed people in ET patients was 15.21%, higher to the ratio of windowed people in total number., Conclusions: The prevalence rate of ET increased with age, but not influenced by education.

Objective: To investigate the expression of miR-9 in B lymphocytes, B cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) cell lines and its significance., Methods: CD19(+) B lymphocytes were sorted from normal lymph node by magnetic beads. Total cellular micro-RNA was extracted from cHL cell line L428, B cell lymphoma cell lines Ly1 and Ly10 (diffuse large B cell lymphoma), Raji cells (Burkitt's lymphoma) and CD19(+) B lymphocytes, respectively. These micro-RNAs were separately transformed into cDNA by reverse transcription. The expression levels of miR-9 were measured by fluorescence quantitative PCR. In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of miR-9 in cell lines., Results: The expression of miR-9 was high in L428 cells (104.44 ± 1.61), and low in cell lines of B cell lymphoma (Ly1: 2.17 ± 0.38; Ly10: 1 ± 0.015; Raji: 2.65 ± 0.89), and extremely low in CD19(+) B lymphocytes (0.0026 ± 0.00040). Compared with that in the other cell lines, the expression of miR-9 in L428 cells was statistically significant (P < 0.05). miR-9 localized in the cytoplasm diffusely and strongly in L428, but scattered and slightly with some prominent distribution around the nuclear membranes in Ly1 and Ly10, and only weakly in Raji., Conclusions: miR-9 highly expressed in cHL cell line and might be a molecular marker for diagnosis and treatment of cHL.

Objective: To study the expression pattern of cd99l2 gene during zebrafish development, the RNA probes for whole-mount in situ hybridization were prepared in this study., Methods: The cd99l2 fragment obtained by RT-PCR was cloned into pGM-T Easy, then the plasmids were linearized with the restriction enzymes SacII or SalI. Using Sp6 or T(7) RNA polymerase, the digoxingenin-labeled antisense and sense probes were synthesized and confirmed by whole-mount in situ hybridization., Results: The plasmid cd99l2/pGM-T was constructed. cd99l2 gene expression pattern during embryogenesis of zebrafish was examined using the antisense probe, and intense expression was detected in the central nervous system during zebrafish development., Conclusion: The antisense probe can be used for study of the spatial and temporal distribution of cd99l2 during zebrafish development using the sense probe as control.

Objective: To construct a eukaryotic expression vector of CD99 gene for transfection into Hodgkin lymphoma L428 cells., Methods: The full-length cDNA of CD99 gene was amplified from Jurkat cells by RT-PCR and cloned into the pcDNA3.1(+) vector and transfected into L428 cell line using Lipofextamine 2000. The sequence of CD99 mRNA in the transfected cells was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing, and the expression of CD99 protein was identified using immunocytochemistry., Results: A gene fragment of 558 bp was amplified from the transfected cells and the sequence was verified by DNA sequencing. Immunocytochemistry identified the presence of CD99 expression in the transfected cells., Conclusion: A eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)-CD99 is successfully constructed and stably expressed in L428 cell line.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the imaging characteristics of abdominal pheochromocytoma in multiphasic spiral CT scanning, and to determine whether these image characteristics can aid in differentiating pheochromocytoma from other types of tumors or not., Methods: The image data of dynamic enhanced CT of 79 pathologically confirmed pheochromocytomas in 70 patients were retrospectively reviewed., Results: Among the 70 patients, there were 41 patients with endocrine symptoms related to pheochromocytoma, 15 had a latent pheochromocytoma and the remaining 14 cases presented with a non-functioning pheochromocytoma. There were totally 79 tumors in 70 patients, with a single lesion in 63 cases, while multiple lesions in the other 7. Sixty cases had a tumor located in the adrenal gland, while 8 in retroperitoneal space, and 2 cases had both intraadrenal and ectopic lesions simultaneously. Sixty patients had a benign pheochromocytoma, the other 10 had a malignant one or relapse after operation. The average size of the tumor was 5.8 cm (range, 2 approximately 15 cm in the longest diameter). Seventy-seven pheochromocytomas had a well defined boundary except two big ones with a unclear margin, which were finally proven to be malignant. Homogeneous enhancement was found in 6 lesions with a diameter

Objective: To analyze and optimize the gene rearrangement primers of different frame regions (FR) of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes by bioinformatic methods and explore the application of these primers in the detection of paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissues., Methods: Three pairs of primers from IgH FR1, FR2 and FR3 regions (P1c, P2A and P31, respectively) were selected as the B cell gene rearrangement primers after comparison of the gene fragments in 44 IgH variable and 6 joining regions. Using one pair of T cell receptor (TCR) gamma primer as the T cell gene rearrangement primer, 101 histopathologically confirmed lymphoproliferative samples including 80 B cell lymphomas, 14 T cell lymphomas, and 7 reactive proliferative lymph nodes were examined by PCR for gene arrangement. The DNAs from DG75 and Jurkat cell lines were used as the positive controls for B and T cell lymphoma, respectively, with those from reactive proliferative lymph nodes as the negative control., Results: The positivity rates of IgH primers (P1c, P2A and P31) in the 80 B cell lymphomas were 37.5% (30/80), 52.5% (42/80) and 70.0% (56/80), respectively, and only one of the 14 T cell lymphoma cases was positive for the primers, suggesting significant differences in the detection rates of B cell lymphomas by the 3 primers. The detection rate was increased to 83.9% by combining the results by P31 and P2A primers. No positivity was found in the proliferative reaction tissues., Conclusion: Primers from IgH FR3 region genes are more sensitive than that from the FR1 and FR2 regions in the detection of gene rearrangement in paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissues. The detection rates can be increased by combining the results with the primers for IgH FR3 with that of FR2.

The cDNA sequence of bovine prochymosin gene was cloned and sequenced from the abomasums of suckling calf by RT-PCR. The sequence was aligned and bioinformatically analyzed with related sequences in GenBank. The result of sequence analysis revealed that the gene was determined to bovine prochymosin B gene and had the high level of homology with prochymosin gene of other known mammals. The base bias of 18 species of prochymosin gene reduced according to codon position, and the gene provided us with excellent material of phylogenetic research. Thus, the phylogenetic tree of 18 species of prochymosin gene was used to discuss and offer testimony to phylogenetic relationship of 11 mammals.

Abstract: The major flavor substances Lactic acid bacteria produced include the buttermilk aroma butanedione, the yoghurt flavor acetaldehyde and the amino acid. Metabolic engineering in LAB had focused primarily on rerouting of pyruvate metabolism towards butanedione or acetaldehyde to improve the flavor of fermented milk, which has considerable economic value. The typical yogurt flavor is caused by acetaldehyde produced through many different pathways. The attention was focused on one specific reaction for acetaldehyde formation catalyzed by serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which encoded by the glyA gene. In addition, the efficient conversion of glucose into acetaldehyde was achieved by over-expression of pyruvate decarboxylase and NADH oxidase in LAB. The concentration of acetaldehyde derived from this regulation is higher than the other strategy. As for the regulation of butanedione, it was focused on combinating inactivation of alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase with low lactate dehydrogenase activity, or with overproduction of NADH-oxidase, or with overproduction of alpha-acetolactate synthase. Then the possibility of co-regulation with certain three kinds of enzyme above was recommended.

Objective: To investigate the role of multiphasic spiral computed tomography (SCT) in the differential diagnosis of small renal cell carcinoma., Methods: The data of 100 patients with small renal cell carcinoma (< or = 3.0 cm) proved by pathology were retrospectively reviewed in order to analyze the features of SCT during plain, corticomedullary and excretory phases. There were 83 males and 17 females, with a mean age of 54. 3 years ranging from 9 to 81 years., Results: There were 38 tumor masses in the left kidney and 62 in the right one. They were 1.0-3.0 cm (mean, 2.5 cm) in the greatest dimension. According to the 2004 WHO histological classification criteria for the tumors of the kidney. Seventy-six patients had clear cell renal cell carcinoma, 4 multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 9 papillary renal cell carcinoma, 4 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and 7 unclassified renal cell carcinomas. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma exhibited rich blood supply and inhomogeneous density due to hemorrhage, necrosis or cystic degeneration. Multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma presented as a multilocular cystic mass with thin wall and septa, instead of an expansile nodule. Papillary renal cell carcinoma showed inhomogeneous density and hypovascular distribution. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma was relatively homogeneous and hypovascular. Compared with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, unclassified renal cell carcinoma showed inhomogeneous density and hypervascular distribution with more invading growth features than the other subtypes., Conclusion: Commonly encountered subtypes of the small renal cell carcinoma exhibit their own specific features in multiphasic spiral CT, which may be helpful in differential diagnosis, but each subtype should be differentiated from the renal oncocytoma, cystic nephroma, complex renal cyst, renal angiomyolipoma with minimal fat and renal infiltrating urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of glial growth factor-2 (GGF2) on brain injury., Methods: Thirty-four SD rats underwent lateral fluid percussion to establish brain injury models and then were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment group (n = 10, the plasmid pEGFP-N1-GGF2 mixed with liposome was injected into the brain tissue directly), vector control group (n = 10, the vector pEGFP-N1 mixed with liposome was injected into the brain tissue directly), liposome control group (n = 10, liposome was injected), and sham operation group (n = 4). Three assessment tasks were performed for neurobehavioral evaluation: Clivas Test, Beam Balance Test and Beam Walking Test. 10 days after brain injury, the rats were sacrificed and their brains were embedded in paraffin for HE staining, Nissle staining and immunohistochemical examination of MBP, NSE, and GFAP., Results: The Clivas test score of the treatment group was 66.25 +/- 3.54, significantly higher than those of the vector control group and. liposome control group (58.31 +/- 3.72 and 57.21 +/- 3.93 respectively, both P < 0.05). The beam test score of the treatment group was 2.59 +/- 0.21, significantly lower than those the vector control group and liposome control group (3.41 +/- 0.25 and 3.24 +/- 0.22 respectively, both P < 0.05). The walking test score of the treatment group was 20.15 +/- 2.59, significantly lower than those of control group and liposome control group (27.00 +/- 3.47 and 27.80 +/- 3.00 respectively, both P < 0.05). The improvement in beam walking test was the greatest. The neuron number in the external granular layer and external pyramidal layer in cortex of the treatment group was 98 +/- 10, significantly more than those of the vector control group and liposome group (75 +/- 7 and 67 +/- 8, both P < 0.05). The neuron number in the internal pyramidal layer in cortex of the treatment group was 37 +/- 4, significantly more than those of the vector control group and liposome group (19 +/- 3 and 23 +/- 4 respectively, both P < 0.05). The neuron number in the CA1 region in hippocampus of the treatment group was 102 +/- 11, significantly more than those of the vector control group and liposome group (67 +/- 8 and 58 +/- 9 respectively, both P < 0.01). Higher level of immunoreactivity with MBP was also detected in the cortex in the rats of the treatment group., Conclusion: Cationic liposome-mediated GGF2 gene therapy effectively promotes the recovery of brain injury.

Hemin-catalytic decomposition of artemisinin (qinghaosu, QHS) was studied using pyronine B (PB) as an indicator. The interaction between hemin and QHS was an enzyme-substrate model, and the action sites were the endoperoxide moiety of QHS and the central metal ion of enzyme respectively. The kinetic catalytic constant depends upon enzyme and substrate concentrations, and the Michaelis-Menten parameters Km, Vmax and Kcat was 8.4 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), 7.4 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) s(-1) and 50.23 s(-1) respectively. The catalytic activity of hemin was inhibited in the presence of deactivated agents and at high temperature. Under optimal conditions, the change in fluorescence intensity (Fo-F) of pyronine B was proportional to the QHS concentration from 0.0 to 1.27 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1), and the detection limit (3sigma) was as low as 2.3 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1). The proposed method was applied to detect the concentration of QHS in the media of plasma and urine.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of the metallographic structure of the cast-bonded keeper when cast in varied temperatures., Methods: Three groups were included in this study: the gold alloy group, the Ni-Cr alloy group and Ti group, with the Magdisc 500 keeper as the control group. Each sample that contained a Magdisc 500 keeper was fabricated with the cast-bonded technique. Then, the samples were fabricated into a metallographic sample by polishing, smoothing and cleaning. Each sample was observed under metallographic microscope., Results: There were no significant changes in the crystal size between the keeper in the gold alloy group and that in the control group. In both of the Ni-Cr alloy group and Ti group, the crystal of the keeper became larger, and this was more evident in the latter group., Conclusion: The keeper varied in the metallographic structure if cast-bonded with gold alloy, Ni-Cr alloy or Ti metal. The higher the casting temperature, the larger the crystal of the keeper. The results suggest that the change in the gold group is less than that in the Ni-Cr alloy group and Ti metal group.

Purpose: This study is aimed to analyze the characters of the surface of the keeper after cast-bonded in varied temperatures., Methods: Twelve keepers were divided into three groups: the gold alloy group, the Ni-Cr alloy group and the Ti group with four samples in each group. A sample that contained a Magdisc 500 keeper was fabricated with the cast-bonded technique. Then, the surface of the sample was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its elements were analyzed with the electron probe., Results: The results showed that there was no oxide film on the surface of the keeper in the gold alloy group and the Ni-Cr alloy group, but there was an oxide film on the surface of the keeper in the Ti group. However, remains of the investment materials were found on the surface of the sample of three groups., Conclusions: The study suggested that the casting temperature affect the characters of the surface of the cast-bonded keeper. Gold alloy or Ni-Cr alloy is of better properties for clinical use.

Background & Objective: Clonality detection through amplifying immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a useful tool in diagnosis of lymphoma, but the false negative rate is high, especially in paraffin-embedded tissues. This study was to explore the value of tumor tissue microdissection and combinational detection of IgH and immunoglobulin light chain (Ig kappa or Ig lambda) in diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)., Methods: Two pairs of conventional primers for IgH and T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma), 2 novel designed pairs of primers for Ig kappa and Ig lambda were used to detect 58 paraffin-embedded blocks, which had been diagnosed by pathology and histochemistry. Of the 58 cases of lymph node tissues, 39 were B-cell lymphoma, 16 were T-cell lymphoma, and 3 were reactive proliferative lymph node tissue. Lymphoma cell lines DG75 and Jurkat were used as control., Results: The positive rates of IgH primers (P1) and IgL primers (P kappa/P lambda) were 79.5% and 71.8% in the 39 cases of B-cell lymphoma (P>0.05), 6.3% and 12.5% in the 16 cases of T-cell lymphoma, respectively. The positive rate was greatly increased to 92.3% in combinationally detecting the primers for IgH and P kappa/P lambda. There was no positive detection among the reactive proliferative lymph node tissues., Conclusion: B-cell lymphoma detection rate can be significantly improved by the combination of IgH and IgL gene rearrangement primers, which provides efficient assistant method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphoma.

This paper proposes a designing concept of a multipurpose coloclyster for neonates, and introduces its structure and functions of its components in detail. The clinical application of this instrument will reduce the labour intensity of medical personnels, shorten the time of preoperative preparation and lessen complication of the patients.

Objectives: To explore a sensitive and specific method for detection of bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and verify the credibility of the established method., Methods: bcl-2/IgH hemi-nested PCR primers were designed using the professional primer design software. Fifty-two samples of pathologically diagnosed DLBCL and 10 fresh tonsil tissues were amplified using hemi-nested touch down-PCR to detect bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced., Results: bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement was detected in 6 of 52 DLBCL samples and 2 of 10 fresh tonsil tissues using one-way method. By using the hemi-nested PCR for the second round amplification, 5 of DLBCL were positive, but all of the fresh tonsil tissues were negative. The positive PCR products were sequenced and analyzed on the Internet, 3 of 8 cases obtained by one-way method were false positive, 5 positive cases amplified using hemi-nested PCR were all bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement. PCR products of 3 false positive cases were homologous to BAC331191 and LLNLR-245D11 in human chromosome 19 and RP11-498P10 in chromosome 1., Conclusion: There are false positive results using common primers for detecting bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement. The mechanism may be that highly homologous sequences to human genome exist in commonly used primers. The specificity of the diagnosis could be improved by hemi-nested PCR using the combination of primers we designed and the traditional ones.

Wind erosion is one of the most important factors influencing the stability and functions of typical grassland ecosystem and one of the main reasons causing grassland degradation. In order to understand the effects of the human disturbances to the ability of anti-wind erosion of the typical grasslands, a wind tunnel experiment was made and the wind erosion rates (WER) and wind erosion amount (WEA) were selected to illustrate the effects. From the experiment, it can be found that banned-grazing reduced the WEA and the WER markedly. At the same wind speed, the longer the banned-grazing period, the less the WEA and the WER; the WEA and the WER in the grassland cultivation are more than those of the natural grasslands and the differences increase with wind speed. There exists a linear relationship between WER and the disturbance intensity. The results show that grazing and cultivation can weaken the ability of anti-wind erosion of typical grassland ecosystem, and banned-grazing can strengthen the ability. Therefore, in typical grassland areas, taking the active banned-grazing measures is the most effective approach to stop the degradation and trigger the rehabilitation of typical grassland ecosystem.