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Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of astaxanthin on retinal damage in diabetes mice. Methods: The mice were randomly divided into four groups: Normal group, model group, low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group. Retinal injury model of diabetes mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) combined with high-fat diet. The fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance were measured by blood glucose meter. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mouse retina were measured by spectrophotometry. The expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) in mouse retina were determined by immunoblotting. Observating the pathological changes of mice retina in each group using HE staining method. Results: The astaxanthin could reduce the level of fasting blood glucose in diabetic mice (P

[Objective] To address the issues of delayed, ineffective communication of information and declining instructions among various stakeholders during metro project construction, it is necessary to improve data integration, storage, and transmission in comprehensive monitoring system through digitalization and intelligent means. A DCCMS (digitalized construction-site comprehensive monitoring system) is established. [Method] Taking the construction of Guangzhou Rail Transit Line 3 East Extension project and the DCCMS for synchronous implementation of general contracting project as the research object, the construction content and overall architecture under metro project general contracting mode are outlined. The types and characteristics of users at construction management level, frontline management level, operation-maintenance management level are elaborated. Targeted designs for communication networks and functional scenes in the perception layer are conducted. The innovation in key technologies such as big data visualization dashboards, graphic engines, and emergency command system knowledge base management is analyzed. [Result & Conclusion] The construction system of DCCMS adopts the concept of ′hierarchical design and management′, which is deployed in Guangzhou Rail Transit Line 3 East Extension project and further improved through engineering practice. Through establishing DCCMS, the effective monitoring of personnel safety, construction safety, equipment safety, and construction process is realized. With research on key technologies, data integration, storage, and transmission in the construction-site comprehensive monitoring system are improved and emergency response is effectively supported. The establishment of a safety-controlled construction environment through digitalized construction-site perception system enables big data-driven decision-making and evaluation, providing reference and promotion for the informatization construction of comprehensive monitoring systems in metro construction projects.

Studying the structures, properties and origins of the Earth's internal discontinuities is an important part in the efforts to understand the physical and chemical properties of the layered Earth, as well as to explore the dynamic processes and driving mechanisms of plate tectonics and the whole Earth system. Receiver function imaging is a well-known and widely-adopted seismological method in extracting the structural information of the Earth's internal discontinuities, and has become an indispensable tool to investigate the layering in structure and composition, and the thermal states and deformation behaviors of the crust and upper mantle, lithosphere-asthenosphere, mantle transition zone, and even shallow part of the lower mantle in the deep Earth. Since the receiver function method was proposed about half a century ago, great progress has been made in both methodology and application, targeting to subsurface structures of various spatial scales and from one- to three-dimension. In particular, with more and more seismic arrays being deployed in global and regional scales, and the continuous advancement of computing power and imaging theory during the last two decades, receiver function imaging has only become more powerful to constrain the subsurface structures. In this paper, we first briefly review the development history of the receiver function method. After introducing the basic principles involved, we then outline the major progress made during the last two decades in both methodology and application of this method, including but not limited to receiver function construction and forward modeling, receiver functions analysis for complex media or detailed discontinuity structures (e.g., anisotropy, dipping structures, irregular topography, sharpness of discontinuities), ray and wave-equation based receiver function migration in imaging crustal and upper mantle discontinuities, velocity inversion of receiver functions as well as its combination with other types of data. We focus mainly on the following three aspects: deconvolution techniques to construct receiver functions, imaging of discontinuity structures and inversion of velocity structures using receiver functions, with specific emphasis on the recent advances, challenges, and possible solutions. In the light of the emerging and future trends in seismology, we finally discuss the directions of receiver function studies from the viewpoints of both methodology and application.

Objective To explore the phenotype-genotype correlation of Alport syndrome in children. Methods Retrospectively analyze the clinical and pathological features of 55 patients with Alport syndrome with COL4A mutations detected by second-generation sequencing, who were treated at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020. Results A total of 55 children with Alport syndrome were included. All cases had hematuria, including 31 cases (56.4%) with gross hematuria and 24 cases (43.6%) with microscopic hematuria. A total of 39 (70.9%) patients also had proteinuria. Extrarenal manifestations were pres- ent in 12 patients (21.8%). 36(65.4%) patients had a family history of Alport syndrome. 32 patients underwent pathological examination and 23 of them had the specific pathological changes of Alport syndrome. In 55 cases, 36 (65.4%) were diagnosed as X-linked Alport syndrome, 5(9.1%) were diagnosed as autosomal recessive Alport syndrome, 10(18.2%) were diagnosed as autosomal dominate Alport syndrome, and 4(7.3%) were diagnosed as digenic Alport syndrome. Missense mutations in COL4A genes accounted for 62.5%, 67.5% of missense mutations resulted in glycine substitution. There were statistical significances in proteinuria degree and hearing loss between male and female patients with XLAS (P < 0.05) as well as statistical significance in the degree of proteinuria between autosomal recessive Alport syndrome and autosomal dominate Alport syndrome (P=0.044), and there was critical statistical significance in the age of onset. There was statistical significance in hearing loss between children with renal impairment and children with normal renal function (P=0.001). Conclusions Most of the pathogenic variants in COL4A genes that cause Alport syndrome result in glycine substitutions. The degree of proteinuria and hearing loss of males with XLAS were greater than those of females. The degree of proteinuria in autosomal recessive Alport syndrome was greater than that of children with autosomal dominate Alport syndrome, and the age of onset was earlier than that of autosomal dominate Alport syndrome. Renal manifestation was more severe in children with hearing loss. The early clinical manifestations of Alport syndrome are diverse and pathological manifestations may be atypical. The application of next-generation sequencing can reduce misdiagnosises of Alport syndrome.

This article reports a case of a child with full-length (paired box family, PAX) PAX2 mutation leading to renal coloboma syndrome. The patient is an 11-year-old boy presented with persistent foamy urine and unexplained renal failure. The boy has suffered from vision decline ever since infancy. Genetic testing confirms the mutation of the PAX2 splice site (c.862-1G > A). Sanger sequencing shows no mutation at this site in his parents and demonstrates a spontaneous mutation. His clinical manifestations also confirms diagnosis of renal coloboma syndrome. The PAX2 mutation was responsible for the boy's progression to end-stage renal disease and extrarenal manifestations.

Background The rapid development of informatization in primary care in regions inhabited by ethnic minorities during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016—2020) , has laid a foundation for the improvement of the serving capacity of primary care supported by information technologies, but there is a lack of research on information technology and the efficiency of primary care. Objective To assess the status including effectiveness of informatization in primary care in China asregions inhabited by ethnic minorities, to explore the impact of information technology on improving the efficiency of primary care. Methods From July to October 2020, 84 primary care institutions in 23 ethnic counties in three autonomous prefectures of Sichuan (Ganzi, Liangshan and Aba) were selected by stratified sampling, and whose directors were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire survey for understanding the status including effectiveness of informatization in their institutions. Furthermore, the heads of local health committees and directors of primary care institutions in these ethnic counties were invited to attend a group discussion regardingthe setting of departments, service development, status of informatization and settings for information services in primary care institutions. Results In terms of software construction, of the 84 primary care institutions, 57 (67.9%) used the public health system, 44 (52.4%) used the family doctor management system, and 25 (29.8%) use the hospital information system. Forty-seven (56.0%) primary care institutions had achieved vertical connectivity with other institutions (mostly regional- and county-level institutions as well as other members in a regional medical consortium) using information technologies, and regional informatization. Institutions that had horizontal connectivity with 69 (74.4%) of the primary care institutions were medical insurance departments. Only 18 (21.4%) institutions had independent information departments, and 34 (41.0%) did not employ information professionals. Lack of information professionals〔64 (76.2%) 〕, insufficient funds〔52 (61.9%) 〕 and weak infrastructure〔51 (60.7%) 〕 were main problems revealed in informatization construction. Institutions with regional informatization, vertical connectivity with other institutions, and the construction of a hospital information platform with electronic medical record system as the core were superior to those without in terms of setting of laboratory and examination departments and provision of traditional Chinese medicine services (P

The intrinsic vibration sensing of optical fiber measures the dynamic strain (i.e., vibration) along with the fiber by repeatedly emitting detection lasers at one end of the fiber, receiving scattered or transmitted light at the same or another end, and demodulating its changes. The sensing system takes the fiber as sensors and has the advantages of being flexible and straightforward to build, and being easy to operate and maintain. It can be used in harsh environments with fluid, high temperature, high pressure, or strong electromagnetic interference. As a result, it can significantly expand the monitorable area while also achieving relatively low-cost and long-term continuous monitoring. Furthermore, many redundant fiber resources already present in fiber optic cables of cities, intercity, and across oceans around the world. Utilizing these fiber optic resources can be quickly converted to vibration monitoring networks, significantly improving vibration monitoring capabilities in these areas.Today, a single instrument can achieve intensive distributed monitoring along with the nearly 100 kilometers fiber with meter-level intervals based on vibration sensing of scattered light. At the same time, sensing based on transmission light lacks distributed observation capability but can detect strong vibration along optical fibers tens of thousands of kilometers long. This paper describes the fundamental principles, application scenarios and prospects of these two types of fiber-optic vibration sensing.

With the increasing requirements of power density，load capacity and service life of gear transmission for aviation，wind power and other equipment，gear contact fatigue failure has become an important bottleneck limiting the service performance and reliability of modern gear equipment，and the material microstructure characteristics determine the fatigue performance of gear and other service parts. Through the surveys of the current related research situation both at home and abroad，the main microstructure features of gear materials such as retained austenite，carbide，grain size and their influence on the contact fatigue performance of gears are introduced. The reported numerical simulations of gear contact fatigue based on microstructure modeling and micromechanics constitutive model are summarized to describe the microscopic mechanical behavior of in gear contact fatigue，and to improve the understanding of the key characteristics and mechanism of gear fatigue. The various contact fatigue failure forms of gears occurred in the engineering practice are expounded in detail，and the main factors affecting the contact fatigue failure of gears，the induced microstructure evolution and degradation of mechanical properties，as well as the potential mechanisms of the gear contact fatigue failure，are analyzed. This review aims to provide the further understanding of the relationship between microstructure evolution characteristics and mechanical property degradation during the service process of gears，as well as the internal mechanism of contact fatigue failure，and providing the reference for anti-fatigue design and manufacturing method of high-performance gears.

The seismic wavefield can be decomposed into three-component translational motions and three-component rotational motions. The rotation components contain important wavefield gradient information and are key elements of seismic wavefield reconstruction. Due to the lack of stable high-sensitivity rotational measuring instruments, the rotation component was often neglected in different seismological applications in the past. The fiber-optic rotational seismometer, breaking the dilemma of the lack of measuring instruments, is the first commercialized rotating seismometer. It is also the most promising device for direct seismic wave rotation measurement. The fiber-optic rotational seismometer is based on the Sagnac effect and relies on mature fiber-optic gyroscope technology to measure the rotation components of vibration. It has the advantage that pure photoelectric sensor unaffected by translational motions and can be made portable equipment based on high sensitivity and wideband rotation measurement, which is beneficial to the application and promotion of rotation measurement. Therefore, the fiber-optic rotational seismograph and the traditional seismograph will complement each other to observe the six-component (6C) rotational and translational motions, which can extract seismic wavefield characteristics better, and can improve the performance of vibration monitoring, as well as the researches or applications on the seismic source rupture inversion, underground structure imaging and seismic damage mechanism. This article mainly introduces the basic principles of fiber-optic rotation measurement, the application of rotational seismology and its potential prospects.

Background The prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) is high, which greatly affects the quality of life of women. Studies have shown that pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is an effective prevention and treatment method. A randomized controlled trial was conducted previously with a result showing absence of a positive effect, when comparing a mobile APP-based pelvic floor muscle training programme with usual care, and the reasons need to be further explored. Objective This study intends to conduct an exploratory analysis of the negative result of a pelvic floor muscle training program during pregnancy based on a mobile APP, aiming to explore the factors affecting the preventive effect of postpartum UI and the subgroups that benefited. Methods The data comes from a randomized controlled trial carried out in the obstetrics clinic of a hospital in Shenzhen from June to October 2020. Convenience sampling technique was adopted to recruit pregnant women. A total of 126 participants were recruited, of which 63 were randomly assigned to intervention group, 63 to control group using a random numbers table. The control group received routine nursing care. The intervention group received the usual care plus "UIW" (Urinary Incontinence for Women) APP-based self management of UI. During the 42-day postpartum follow-up, the postpartum related data of the two groups were collected, including the occurrence of UI on the 42nd postpartum day. The subjects were divided into case group and the control group according to the present of postpartum UI. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the confounding factors and their interaction with intervention methods on the present of postpartum UI. Subgroup analysis based on the results of Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore whether there are subgroups who can benefit from APP intervention. Results There were statistically significant differences in the history of vaginal delivery, the presence of UI at the time of recruitment, and the Broome Pelvic Floor Muscle Self-efficacy Scale (BPMSES) score between the case group and the control group (P

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of anti⁃leucine⁃rich glioma⁃inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody⁃related encephalitis. Methods and Results Clinical data of 6 patients with anti⁃LGI1 antibody⁃related encephalitis from September 2016 to April 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations of 6 cases were lognition disorders in 6 cases, seizures in 4 cases, behavioral changes in 3 cases, sleep disorders in 5 cases and autonomic nervous system abnormality in 3 cases. Hyponatremia (4 cases) could be presented. Abnormal EEG (4 cases) was often seen. Brain MRI showed abnormal signals in 3 cases, mainly involved hippocampus and medial temporal lobe. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) was used to detect anti⁃LGI1 antibody. Four cases were positive in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, while 6 cases only in serum and 4 cases only in cerebrospinal fluid. The follow⁃up results of 6 to 24 months afterintravenous hormone orimmunoglobulin therapies showed no one died; the sequelae were memory deficit in 3 cases, faciobrachial dystonic seizures in one case, hyponatremia in 2 cases, sleep disorders in one case. Conclusions Anti⁃LGI1 antibody⁃related encephalitis is often characterized by cognitive impairment, seizures, sleep disorders and hyponatremia. Immunotherapy is effective, which has good prognosis comparatively. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.09.009

Malignant glioma is the most highly invasive primary brain tumor associated with anextremely poor prognosis and median survival of only 14.6 months. An improved treatment for glioblastomais urgently needed. Unique to oncolytic viruses (OVs) is the ability of the virus to infect specifically atumor cell and induce tumor lysis through the release of viral progeny, which can subsequently infectnearby tumor cells. Several OVs proved their safety and efficacy in several preclinical studies. In thisreview, we report the OVs that successfully transferred into the clinical trials. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.02.007

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary adult brain tumor. To date,various promising chemotherapeutic regimens have been trialed for use in GBM; however, temozolomide(TMZ) therapy remains the only first ⁃ line chemotherapeutic option for newly diagnosed GBM. Despitemaximal therapy with surgery and combined concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and adjuvant TMZtherapy, the median overall survival (OS) remains approximately 14.6 months. Given the failure ofconventional chemotherapeutic strategies in GBM, there has been renewed interest in the role ofimmunotherapy in GBM. Dendritic cells (DC) are immune antigen⁃presenting cell (APC) that play a role inboth the innate and adaptive immune system, thereby making them prime vehicles for immunotherapy viaDC vaccinations in various cancers. There is great enthusiasm surrounding the use of vaccinations for GBMwith multiple ongoing trials. In this review, we summarize the progress, prospects and challenges of DCvaccine in the treatment of GBM. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.02.008

This article discusses a unit in a general medical ward with patients of high severity and complexity with an advancement rate of the unit's nursing staff passing Clinical Ladder-3 of 0%, which was lower than the hospital-wide N3 average of 11.1%, and an advancement rate that had remained at Level N2 for 9.5 years. Therefore, we launched a project to make improvement hoping to raise the N3 advancement rate to 15.4%. An analysis in January 2019 revealed that the causes included: inability to grasp key points about case patients, lack of writing skills, no spare time to write reports, difficulty in selecting suitable cases, and not knowing what courses are required for N3. The project was carried out from February 1, 2019 to November 30, 2020, and included the following measures: courses on case report writing, one-on-one counseling and follow-ups, a co-learning group, case selection consultations, and an incentive mechanism to encourage advancement. After the project was implemented, the N3 advancement rate of this nursing unit increased to 30.8%. In addition to a boost in the sense of accomplishment and professional competence of the nursing staff, the project helped stimulate professional growth among staff and improved the quality of clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different proportions of soft acid in drinking water on the production performance, egg quality, and serum biochemical indexes of Jingfen No.2 laying hens at the late of laying peak. A total of 270 Jingfen No.2 laying hens with normal body condition and similar weight at 556 days old were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates in each group and 15 laying hens in each replicate. The control group (CON group) drank tap water. 500 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of soft acid were added to tap water in the soft acid 500 group and 800 group, respectively. The pre-test period was seven days, and the formal test period was 42 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the unqualified egg rate of the soft acid 500 group and the soft acid 800 group decreased significantly (P<0.05), the average egg weight increased significantly (P<0.05), and the feed to egg ratio of the soft acid 800 group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the eggshell scores of soft acid 500 group and soft acid 800 group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the egg weight, yolk weight, eggshell strength, yolk ratio and yolk score all showed an increasing trend (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the total protein content in serum of the soft acid 800 group increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of serum IgA and IgG in the soft acid 500 group and 800 group increased significantly (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding 500 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg soft acid in drinking water has positive effects on improving production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indexes, and immune function of Jingfen No.2 laying hens, and the effect of adding 800 mg/kg soft acid is better than that of 500 mg/kg soft acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to explore the effects of compound organic acidifiers on the production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indexes, and economic benefits of laying hens in the late laying period. Five hundred and forty 72-week-old Jingfen No.2 laying hens with similar body condition were selected and randomly divided into three groups (CON group, L-COA group, and H-COA group), with six replicates in each group and 30 hens in each replicate. Each group was fed the same diet. The CON group drank tap water throughout the whole process. The L-COA group and H-COA group added 0.10% and 0.15% compound organic acidifiers to the drinking water, respectively. The test period was 42 days. The results showed that compared to the CON group, the egg production rate and egg qualified rate of the L-COA group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the egg production rate, average egg weight, and egg qualified rate of the H-COA group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The eggshell strength and egg yolk score of the L-COA group were significantly improved (P<0.05). The serum low-density lipoprotein content and alanine aminotransferase activity in the L-COA group and H-COA group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The breeding profits of the L-COA group and H-COA group increased by 1.08% and 13.64%, respectively. The study indicates that adding compound organic acidifiers to the drinking water of laying hens during the late laying period has a positive effect on egg production efficiency, egg quality, serum biochemical indexes, and economic benefits, and the better effect is achieved when the added amount of compound organic acidifiers is 0.15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), the future of the nursing profession is expected to be closely intertwined with AI applications. In response to this challenge, nursing educators must cultivate AI literacy in students to ensure their ability to communicate and collaborate effectively with their interdisciplinary peers. Nursing educators should comprehend the essence of AI literacy, integrate AI literacy into their curriculum designs, and regularly assess the effectiveness of AI literacy cultivation efforts among their students to ensure nursing graduates are able to effectively fulfill their roles in nursing and healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to explain the essence of AI literacy, approaches for cultivating AI literacy in students, and methods for assessing AI literacy with the aim of educating nursing students to become competent nurses for tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To develop the influenza vaccine hesitation scale for the elderly aged 60 and above and evaluate its applicability. Methods Based on the Chinese version of the parents' hesitation scale for children's influenza vaccination, combined with the characteristics of the elderly population, the influenza vaccine hesitation scale for the elderly aged 60 and above was developed, and the reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated. Results The scale finally included 3 dimensions and 14 items, the score of the total scale was 32.82 ±7.99, and the correlation coefficient between each item and the score of the total scale was between 0.20 and 0.87 (all P < 0.05). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Kaiser -Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of the scale was 0.916 (x²approximation = 14 315.26, P<0.05). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of 14 common factors was 80.6%, GFI=0.909, IFI=0.961, TLI =0.952, and CFI = 0.961, indicating that the overall fitness and structural validity of the model were good. Taking whether the elderly were vaccinated with influenza vaccine or not in the influenza season in 2022, the total vaccine hesitation score and the scores of "confidences", "risk" and "support" were significantly correlated with the school standard (all P < 0.05). The Cronbach's a coefficient of the scale was 0.859, indicating that the internal consistency reliability of the scale was high. Conclusion The influenza vaccine hesitation scale for the elderly developed in this study is good in reliability, validity and applicable stability, which can be used to evaluate the hesitation level of influenza vaccine in people aged 60 and above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective human factors and usability engineering assessment in the initial phase of medical device design can eliminate or reduce the likelihood of injury incidents caused by users' inability to correctly perceive and operate the device because of poor user interface designs. Currently, relevant authorities worldwide are attaching greater importance to the management of documents required for reviews before medical device becomes commercially available. Therefore, this study analyzed the existing medical device management system to clarify the principles associated with medical device human factors and usability engineering assessment currently employed in Taiwan. Relevant international standards are referenced to clarify the principles of medical device design and development to reduce user risks. Moreover, the inquiries and management of human factors and usability engineering studies and the reviews and requirements for production commercialization in the United States, the European Union, Japan, South Korea, China, and various international organizations were compared to provide a comprehensive outline of management principles in human factors and usability engineering for future medical device. Accordingly, a globally standardized review system can be established to accelerate the product development and upgrade of the medical device industry in Taiwan, thereby reinforcing its international competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Important concepts in leadership management related to the field of medical care management include servant leadership, charismatic leadership, and transformational leadership. Since the 2020 emergence of the coronavirus pandemic, the world has faced the immediate challenges of epidemic prevention and control. Although national government and medical system officials as well as scholars have weighed in on this issue, their leadership does not appear to line up the core ideas of leadership. Daft and Lengel (2000) examined the influence of fusion leadership on individuals and organizations. The fusion of many nuclei of leadership intentions will produce great power and influence. To elucidate the concept of integrated leadership for individuals and organizations in the post-pandemic healthcare system, this paper summarizes the defining characteristics of fusion leadership based on the conceptual analysis method of Walker and Avant (2019). Concurrently, we confirm the antecedents and consequences of fusion leadership, use different cases to illustrate the analysis, and share the reference indicators and measurements of fusion leadership to provide a reference for healthcare system administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education is becoming increasingly internationalized, and English as a medium of instruction (EMI) for academic content has become commonplace in countries where English is not a native language. However, concerns are growing that the fast-growing trend of EMI lacks sufficient consideration of the related challenges with regard to implementation and impact. As a complex phenomenon, EMI requires increased awareness of its positive and negative implications for teachers and students. The attitudes and perspectives of teachers and students play a significant role in influencing the promotion and effectiveness of EMI teaching. Nevertheless, internationalization is essential for the advancement of nursing education. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the perspectives and challenges faced by teachers and students with regard to EMI and their readiness to embrace it. Therefore, in this article, we first define EMI and describe the reasons for its introduction and then discuss the challenges that teachers and students involved with EMI face in order to provide a reference for nursing education policymakers and academic institutions tasked with EMI development and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are a class of acute neurotoxins with nearly 60 congeners. Shellfish that filter feed on toxin-producing algae exhibit PST accumulation in tissues, and the consumption of toxic shellfish poses a major threat to human health. China has the largest aquaculture industry in the world, with shellfish production of approximately 15.89 million tons in 2022 and many shellfish consumers. The PST poisoning incidents in China exhibit the characteristics of a wide distribution area, recurring regional risk, diverse toxin sources, and seasonal differences. PST consumption causes acute symptoms of poisoning and even death in many people, with a high lethality rate. This is a serious threat to the health of consumers and detrimental to the social stability of the region. In northern China, Hebei Province has rich fisheries resources, with a mariculture output of approximately 580, 000 tons in 2022. In recent years, PSTs have been detected several times in bivalve shellfish inshore in Hebei Province, especially along the coast of Qinhuangdao. A serious shellfish poisoning episode was reported in Qinhuangdao in 2016, with PST concentrations exceeding the safety limit of 800 μgSTX equivalents/kg (μg STXeq/kg) by a factor of 65. The main algal species responsible for the poisoning was Alexandrium catenella. However, the current investigations of PST pollution in Hebei Province mainly focus on the shellfish species Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians in the sea area of Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao, and investigations on other coastal cities of Hebei Province and a wide range of different shellfish species are lacking. Moreover, few risk assessment studies have been conducted.A continuous PST survey was conducted in 2022 on six species of shellfish, namely M. galloprovincialis, Scapharca subcrenata, A. irradians, Scapharca broughtonii, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Crassostrea gigas, collected by netting in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao, and the residual status of PSTs was assessed for acute exposure using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that PSTs were detected in shellfish samples collected from March to June, with a detection rate of 100%. However, no values exceeded the European Union limit. Among the shellfish samples collected from March to June, those assessed in April had the highest average concentration, followed by those in May, March, and June, which had the lowest average concentration. The main components detected in shellfish samples from March to June were gonyautoxins (GTX) 1–4; the highest concentrations were detected in April. Highly toxic saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoylneosaxitoxin (dcNEO) were detected from April to June and not in March. Decarbamoylgonyautoxin (dcGTX) 2 was not detected in March or April; however, it was detected in May and June. The sea area near Qinhuangdao was more polluted than that near Tangshan. Among the collected shellfish samples, significant differences were observed in the average concentration of PSTs in shellfish samples of different species, and the concentration ranged from highest to lowest in species as follows: M. galloprovincialis > S. subcrenata > A. irradians > S. broughtonii > R. philippinarum > C. gigas. Large differences were observed between the six shellfish species regarding the accumulation of 11 PST components, among which GTX1–4 and carbamatetoxin (C) 1 and 2 were the most commonly detected components. The highest concentrations of GTX1 and 4 were observed in M. galloprovincialis, the highest concentrations of GTX2 and 3 were observed in S. subcrenata, and the highest concentrations of C1 and 2 were observed in A. irradians. A low detection rate was recorded for highly toxic STX and neosaxitoxin (NEO in samples, except in M. galloprovincialis and S. subcrenata, in which all 11 PSTs were detected. In the other four shellfish species, only certain of the components were detected. Statistical analysis of the highest levels of PSTs in nearshore shellfish in Hebei Province in recent years showed a decreasing trend. Acute exposure assessments using the maximum value of PSTs showed that none of the six shellfish species exceeded the acute reference dose values recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization and European Food Safety Authority, suggesting that toxin levels were safe and acceptable. M. galloprovincialis had the highest dietary exposure risk, as a few residues were present, and symptoms of PST poisoning, such as dizziness and nausea, may occur after ingesting large quantities of M. galloprovincialis. Increased attention should be paid to shellfish with high dietary exposure assessment values, such as M. galloprovincialis and S. subcrenata.In this study, we investigated PSTs in shellfish from Hebei coastal waters and observed that PSTs were detected in shellfish samples from March to June, with the highest average concentration in April, followed by May and March, with the lowest average concentration in June. In addition, the main components detected in shellfish samples were GTX1–4. The analysis of different shellfish species showed that M. galloprovincialis had the highest average PST concentration, followed by S. subcrenata, A. irradians, S. broughtonii, R. philippinarum, and C. gigas; GTX1–4 and C1 and 2 were detected in all six shellfish species. Dietary exposure assessment for consumers in Hebei Province showed that the toxin levels were safe and acceptable. However, follow-up surveys and studies are necessary due to the paucity of surveys for different cities and species on the coast of Hebei.

At present, the problem of r-collision in the unbalanced environment has not yet been effectively solved. In this paper, a new efficient algorithm is proposed to find an unbalanced r-collision of r different and unbalanced functions. The new algorithm adopts the techniques from the previous 3-collision algorithm, the parallel collision search (PCS) algorithm and the unbalanced meet-in-themiddle (UMitM) attack. The attack process of the new algorithm can be described as follows: First, the attacker divides r functions into left and right sets. When r is even, the corresponding left and right sets are {fl1, fl2, ???, flr/2} and {ft1, ft2, ???, ftr/2} respectively, and it is necessary to find collisions between two unbalanced functions fli and fti (for 1 ≤ ⌊r/2⌋) at corresponding positions in the left and right sets. Take the i-th function for example, the attacker adopts the PCS algorithm to collect 2mi collisions of two unbalanced functions fli and fti. Note that the attacker needs to repeat the collectioncollision operation for ⌊r/2⌋ pairs of positions in the left and right sets. If r is odd, the attacker also needs to collect 2m0 images of the left function. After the collision-collection phase, the attacker adopts the MitM attack to find a r-collision between these r -- ⌊r/2⌋ lists. The main results of the new algorithm are: (1) The time complexity of the new algorithm is determined by the memory and the chosen grouping methods, which is different from the previous r-collision algorithm. (2) With sufficient storage, the time complexity formula of the new r-collision algorithm is as follows: when r = 2k, the time complexity is .... When r = 2k + 1, the time complexity is ..., where Rlj is the implementation cost of the function with the highest implementation cost in the left set, Rc is the implementation cost of the unpaired function, and Rtx(1 ≤ x ≤ (r -- 1)/2) is the implementation cost of each function in the right set. The attacker first needs to find min (&#931x=1r/2 log2 Rtx/r + log2rlj/2) for r = 2k (or min (log2 Rc + Σx=1(r-1)/2 log 2 Rtx/r + (r-1)log2 Rij/2r) for r = 2k + 1) so as to find the best grouping method and the best time complexity in this case. (3) With limited storage, the attacker cannot find the best time complexity without exhausting the time complexity of all grouping methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to statistics, the output of biomedical waste in the ICU of our hospital was 2.98 kg/person/day, the highest in the past three years, an increase of 11.48% compared with the total output in 2019. Therefore, a task force was established to reduce the output of medical waste in the ICU from 2.98 kg/person/day to 2.89 kg/person/day. The analysis showed the main reasons for the high waste figures were: low recognition accuracy of medical waste, low accuracy of classification behavior, high water content of waste, and fuzzy classification and labeling pictures. After discussion with the cross-departmental team, the project implemented multimedia medical waste education training courses and water reduction teaching videos, produced waste classification pictures, posted environmental protection reminders, and set up environmental protection leaders. After the implementation of the project, the results showed that the output of medical waste in the intensive care unit was reduced to 2.62Kg/person/ day, while the recognition accuracy rate of medical waste classification increased to 85.3%, and the correct rate of classification behavior increased to 95%. These changes achieved the reduction of medical waste in the intensive care unit and the goal of reducing processing costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, students with learning disabilities have become the largest special needs group on campuses. Due to their congenital dysfunction, non-intelligence issues, such as emotional interpretation, interpersonal relationships, perceptions, and lack of attention, are sometimes more troublesome for those students than academic learning itself. For teachers on the frontlines, this situation must be prioritized because it has made teaching more difficult and complicated. According to previous studies, "orienteering" is an outdoor sport capable of enhancing emotions and attention, and has additional benefits of improving group cohesion and life efficiency. For the purpose of improving the current curriculum for students with learning disabilities, this study adopted an open-classroom setting and integrated orienteering actions into the regular programs for students in a special education context. Methods: Under the principle of action research, a 10-week orienteering action was employed in a special classroom, and six students with learning disabilities agreed to participate in this qualitative study. The in-depth interviews, onsite observations, and individual documents, including notes, grades, and class records, were gathered as data, followed by the grounded theory analysis. Results: First, the problems regarding self-concept constructs among students with learning disabilities were re-discovered in the open-classroom setting, and this process became the foundation for modifying the orienteering actions used in this study. Second, the benefits of the orienteering program for students with learning disabilities were seen in the transformation of their self-confidence, emotional stability, improved interpersonal relationships, and their learning motivation. Conclusion: First, the condition of the self-concept among learning disabled students was rediscovered through an open-classroom setting. Second, the modified orienteering programs in this study demonstrated positive development progress on the self-concept construct for students with learning disabilities in middle school, but their change in academic performance was limited. Furthermore, the modified orienteering action plan, according to this research, was confirmed and worth recommending for use in the various teaching contexts of resource classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An incomplete approach for charge completeness not only results in increase of costs and decrease in productivity, but also affects the patient safety. The purpose of this project is to improve the approach for charge completeness of nurses in plastic surgery. Before the improvement program, the charge completeness of nurses in plastic surgery was 63.5%. After analyzing the current status, we found that there was low levels of the overall knowledge about charge completeness, the staff with unaware/unfamiliar with the pricing, the pricing project lacked specialty, and less charge completeness education courses. The improvement approaches included: establishment of charge assisting tools such as "template for demand charge", "charge of easy and convenient," and establishing an audit team, providing specialized education. After the improvement program, the approach for charge completeness of nurses in plastic surgery increased to 95.3%. The program not only improved the nurses' knowledge about charge and charge completeness, but also promoted the patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bay ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining energy flow, material circulation, community stability and ecosystem balance. In the present study, the comprehensive evaluation model for marine ecosystem of Laizhou Bay was established by using index system method, in which, five indicators were selected including water environment, sedimentary environment, marine community, primary productivity and ecological disaster indexes. The relative importance and weight of the evaluation indexes were determined combined using analytic hierarchy process and experts consultation method. By analyzing the survey data obtained, this assessment system was applied to assess and compare the health level of Laizhou Bay in recent ten years. Results showed that the condition of Laizhou Bay was always being sub-health, the main indicators that had given adverse impact on the health level of Laizhou Bay included inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, petroleum hydrocarbon, plankton species and benthic biomass. The results of evaluation model were more sensitive to Laizhou Bay, which could identify the adverse effects of extreme events such as oil spills and typhoons, therefore, the use of interval index and environmental admissible value could avoid disadvantage concealment, information omissions and the overestimation of limit value-based assessment method effectively.

Based on the processing and analysis of the fixed-point horizontal deformation data across the fault in the middle and southern part of the Tan-Lu fault zone in recent 20 years, this paper preliminarily analyzes the vertical deformation characteristics of the middle and southern section of the Tan-Lu fault. The research shows that the overall activity level of the middle and southern part of the Tan-Lu fault zone is not high, and the average combining rate is 0.19 mm/a. However, it has obvious characteristics of time-sharing activities: from 2000 to 2010, the activity in Huaibai-Suqian section was large, while the activity in Xinyi-Linyi section was relatively small. There was a relatively closed section between Suqian and Xinyi; The overall activity rate has decreased from 2011 to 2019, but the activity rate of Anqiu station has increased significantly compared with that of 2000 to 2011. There is a certain correspondence between the activitycharacteristics of the fault zone and the seismicity of the region in the past 20 years.

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article describes the author's nursing experience providing psychiatric homecare to a patient with chronic schizophrenia using the concept of resilience. Holistic nursing assessments were conducted via clinical observations during home visits every two weeks from May 24th to September 20th, 2018. Through these assessments, the main health problems of the patient were defined as ineffective self-health management, ineffective coping skills, and insufficient resilience. The nursing interventions implemented were designed to establish the patient's capacity to effectively and correctly selfmanage health status, achieve emotional accommodation, and reduce parent-child conflicts. In order to enhance the resilience of the patient, the patient was guided to review important support resources over the course of illness, to detect the barriers of returning society, to apply the beneficial skills of health management, and then extend the status of employment and to enhance self-fulfillment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the concept of body image was first introduced to Taiwan nursing in 1975, its application in the context of clinical nursing with regard to promoting humanistic patient-centered care has yet to be examined. This paper adopts a field-study approach to reinterpret the concept of body image with deeper and broader strength using patient vignettes, nursing case studies, and the findings of prior nursing research. The four main issues covered in this paper are: 1. The body image concept, 2. Building body schema and a postural model based on body experiences, 3. The characteristics of body image, and 4. The extended meaning of body image, including self-concept and the role function of relationship. This paper is expected to help nurses better understand the concept of body image and further apply this concept in clinical practice in order to improve the provision of humanistic patientcentered care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of body image has been applied in various disciplines, including neurology, clinical psychology, psychopathology, behavioral science, and nursing (Cash, 2004; Rhoten, 2017). Meleau- Ponty (1962) identified the body as the subject of perception and considered the body not as an object but as an embodied subject that lives in the world. "Body image" refers to an individual's body, which generates a sensory message through contact with the environment during internal physiological operations and establishes a preliminary mental understanding of the body (Schilder, 1970). Body image is also affected by the external environment. As Plato remarked, "We are bound to our bodies like an oyster is to its shell." Indeed, our life experiences are integrally influenced by the body we happen to live in (Cash, 2004). Because body image is formed primarily by individuals interacting with others, Schilder (1970) called body image a social entity. People desire to keep their body image intact and unaffected by changes, damage, or losses in terms of function or body parts. Any change is perceived as a threat and thus induces anxiety and fear (Rochlin, 1973). In caring for a patient facing body-image changes, a nurse may help the patient using her in-depth knowledge of the potential impacts of this change on the body, mind, social relationships, bodily functions, self-concept, and self-esteem (Roberts, 1978). Un- der what circumstances do individuals experience body image change? The most common clinical conditions of body image change are: perceiving sensational change (physical discomfort/signs and symptoms), receiving medical treatments/procedures (receiving blood transfusions, injections, punctures), receiving nursing interventions/ procedures (enema, urethral catheterization) pain, taking medications (moon face), experiencing amputation/dysfunction or alteration/disfigurement, becoming pregnant or undergoing labor, acquiring physical diseases or injuries (cancer, HIV/AIDS, skin diseases, burns), and experiencing role failure (Cash, 2004; Rhoten, 2017; Roberts, 1978). Therefore, when a patient complains to a nurse about physical discomforts, it is necessary to understand that the patient is experiencing body image change and will benefit from timely and effective assistance to overcome and accept this change. Body image change is an important issue that should continue to be better understood and addressed in the field of nursing. This article provides a rich account of body image discourse that may be used as a reference in clinical nursing care, education, and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the role of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CBR2) agonist, AM1241, in the formation of fibrous scars in rats after spinal cord injury and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 144 female Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided into 4 groups: sham operation group (n=24, only the lamina was removed to expose the dura mater, and 3 mL/kg normal saline was given postoperatively), vehicle group (n=40, the rats was inflicted to establish a model of dorsal hemisection and then given 3 mL/kg of normal saline), AM1241 group (n=40, the rats were given 3 mg/kg AM1241 on the basis of the vehicle group), and AM1241+AM630 group (n=40, after modeling, the rats were given 3 mg/kg AM630, CBR2 antagonist, in 30 min before AM1241 treatment). The corresponding drugs were injected intraperitoneally to each group, once a day, for 14 consecutive days. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting and ELISA were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of AM1241 on fibrous scar formation, and behavioral electrophysiology were carried out to detect its effect on neurological function. Results After spinal cord injury, AM1241 significantly reduced the expression of the main molecules in fibrous scars, as well as the area of fibrous scar, while the treatment of AM630 reversed above phenomena, with statistical significances (P < 0.05). The results of tubulin βⅢ immunofluorescence staining, behavioral assessment as well as electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that AM1241 could promote the survival of spinal cord neurons, improve neurological function after injury, such as Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB) score and angle of oblique board test [vehicle group vs AM1241 group vs AM1241+AM630 group: 15.38±0.38 vs 18.38± 0.50 vs 15.50±0.33, P < 0.05; (54.25±1.25)° vs (64.25±1.05)° vs (54.75±0.49)°, P < 0.05]. ELISA indicated that AM1241 inhibited the expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β (markers of M1-type macrophages, P < 0.01), enhanced the expression of CD206 and Arg-1 (markers of M2-type macrophages, P < 0.05), and decreased the expression of TGF-β1 (fibrogenic factor, P < 0.01). The treatment of CBR2 antagonist, AM630 led to opposite results. Conclusion Stimulation of CBR2 decreases fibrous scarring and improves neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats, which might be attained by influencing macrophage polarization.

The increasing attention has been paid on informal industrial plants on farmlands. According to the tax statements, the significant increment of informal industrial plants (60 thousand to 130 thousand) from 2001. Although the incredible increasing amount on informal industrial plants, such informal phenomena has originated in 1960. During that time, the establishment of industrial plants on farm land could actual save both production cost and human source cost. In addition, the "factory in living room" made the informal industrial plants common on farmland. And further resulted in the increasing informal industrial plants and the lost control on farmlands. Till now, the conflicts on informal industrial plants keeps going. According to the farmland resources investigation conducted by Executive Yuan Agricultural Committee, there are 1,350 thousand farmlands (around 170 thousand hectare) have been illegal used by the industrial uses. The serious impacts of informal industrial plants include the pollution on surrounding farmlands, food insecurity, and human health issues etc. The Factory Management Act attempts to legalize the informal industrial plants on-site while the Spatial Planning Act attempts to legalize informal industrial plants based upon the spatial plan on-site or off-site. Therefore, this study applies spatial autocorrelation in ArcGIS to analyze the clustered/dispersed pattern of informal industrial plants. Afterwards, ordinary least square is then applied to analyzing the factors affect such clustered pattern. It is found that the informal industrial plants have the characteristics of spatial aggregation. This phenomenon indicates that the establishment of the informal industrial plants is affected by the neighboring areas. As a whole, this study attempts to explore on-site or off-site legalization of informal industrial plants based upon suitability analysis. It is hoped that when the government formulates policies related to illegal factories in the future, it will give the government a reference for policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maintaining patient skin integrity is an important quality indicator in clinical care. Impaired facial skin integrity in intubated patients can increase the difficulty in securing endotracheal tube as well as the risk of tube slippage. The project was launched on January 1st to May 31st, 2014. An in-depth investigation conducted by the project team revealed the following: 1) the SOP did not specify the correction use of elastic adhesive tape and skin protection; 2) the unit made unauthorized changes to endotracheal tube fixation method; 3) the gelatinous residue resulted from skin infiltration of hydrocolloid dressing is difficult to remove; 4) improper use of elastic adhesive tape; and 5) lacking skin care knowledge for intubated patients. Purpose: The goal of this project was to reduce the incidence rate of facial skin tear among intubated patients from 16.8% to 3.5%. Resolution: The Endotracheal Tube Skin Bundle Care procedure for intubated patients was produced and implemented, and skin care educational training and auditing were conducted. Result: After the program was implemented, the incidence rate of facial skin tear was successfully reduced from 16.8% to 3.4%. Conclusion: This program effectively improved the incidence rate of facial skin tear, and successfully increased the quality of skin care for intubated patients. We would like to advocate and implement the project in ICU in hope to benefit more intubated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: A total of 20 cases of children with epilepsy implemented electroencephalography (EEG) recording examinations in our ward between January 1st and March 10th, 2016. Fifteen (75%) of the recordings were incompletely stored, indicating that the EEG recordings storage integrity in our unit was 25%. Incomplete storage of these recordings results in prolonged hospital stays and negatively affects the ability of doctors to provide accurate diagnoses. Purpose: This project was developed to increase the EEG recording storage integrity for epileptic children to 100%. Resolutions: Improvement plans included reinforcing related promotions, formulating a standard flowchart for EEG recording education, making "warm bear signs", designing simple cartoon health-education flashcards, and providing in-service education. Results: The EEG recording storage integrity for epileptic children in our ward rose to 100% after implementation of the resolution measures, which achieved our purpose. Conclusions: We want to share this experience to improve the storage integrity of EEG recordings at other hospitals and clinics. The greatest benefit of this project was that the family members of children with epilepsy perceived more strongly the effort and care of the nursing staffs during examinations, which reduces the costs of healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a high-performance waterborne polyurethane modified emulsified asphalt is described in this paper. By measuring the residues of the three major indexes and storage stability, and combining with fluorescence and infrared microscopic analysis, the effect of the ratio of modifier on the stability and the properties of the residue is investigated. Study shows that after adding waterborne polyurethane modified agent, the temperature of the emulsified asphalt reduced susceptibility and the emulsified asphalt has the high temperature stability. The infrared spectrum analysis shows that chemical modification and physical modification coexist at the same time by adding waterborne polyurethane modified agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Up to 11% of women with mastitis develop a breast abscess, which obviously affects breastfeeding. Therefore, this is a potentially significant issue for women's health. Women with breast abscesses suffer from severe pain. Pain is the most significant factor causing the termination of breastfeeding. The experience of women with breast abscesses who continued to breastfeed may provide valuable insights / guidance to women who are currently in the same or similar situations. Purpose: This study explores the continuous breastfeeding experience of women with breast abscesses. Methods: We collected qualitative data from 10 qualified female participants using 60-90 minute, in-depth interviews that were conducted between April 2012 and June 2012 in a central medical center. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to analyze and categorize the major themes. Results: Results were generalized into the following seven themes: (1) experiencing uncomfortable breast pain; (2) feeling helpless to manage the abnormal breast symptoms; (3) relying on the concept of motherhood to support continued breastfeeding; (4) feeling shocked about the process of diagnosis and treatment; (5) facing the doubts and difficulties regarding continuing to breastfeed; (6) experiencing the assistance of the support system for breastfeeding; (7) returning to a normal pattern of life. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The findings provide nurses with a deeper understanding of the biological and psychological behaviors and social support system experiences of women with breast abscesses who continue to breastfeed. Study results may serve as a reference for nurses in providing mother-centered breastfeeding care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Mindfulness" is an emerging concept in the field of healthcare. Ranging from stress relief to psychotherapy, mindfulness has been confirmed to be an effective tool to help individuals manage depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other health problems in clinical settings. Scholars currently use various definitions for mindfulness. While some of these definitions overlap, significant differences remain and a general scholarly consensus has yet to be reached. Several domestic and international studies have explored mindfulness-related interventions and their effectiveness. However, the majority of these studies have focused on the fields of clinical medicine, consultation, and education. Mindfulness has rarely been applied in clinical nursing practice and no related systematic concept analysis has been conducted. This paper conducts a concept analysis of mindfulness using the concept analysis method proposed by Walker and Avant (2011). We describe the defining characteristics of mindfulness, clarify the concept, and confirm the predisposing factors and effects of mindfulness using examples of typical cases, borderline cases, related cases, and contrary case. Findings may provide nursing staff with an understanding of the concept of mindfulness for use in clinical practice in order to help patients achieve a comfortable state of body and mind healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Peripheral venous catheter (PVC) is commonly used to provide nutrition and medicine to pediatric inpatients. Phlebitis is a common side effect of PVC insertion. Over 90% of pediatric patients in the paediatric medical ward at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) receive PVC insertion, with an incident rate of phlebitis of 5.07%. Common cause factors of phlebitis are: insuficient sterilization time, inappropriate methods used to ix the PVC, the use of ixtures that loosen easily, high re-fix rates, and inadequate wound care after catheter removal. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to reduce the incidence rate of PVC-insertion-related phlebitis in children from 5.07% to 2.5%. Resolution: A one-week clinical observation identiied the re-inserting / re-fixing of existing PVCs as the principal cause of phlebitis in the CGMH paediatric ward. Therefore, the researchers modiied the catheter care bundle based on a review of the literature and the suggestions of clinical pediatric experts. Modiications included applying 2% chlorhexidine to sterilize the insertion site; using a new, non-woven fabric splint to ix the PVC site; providing cartoon-themed waterproof dressings for the irst bath after the removal of the PVC; and setting standard operating procedures (SOPs) for PVC insertion and catheter removal. Results: After applying these modiications, the incident rate of phlebitis in children with PVC insertions decreased from 5.07% to 2.08%. Conclusion: The application of 2% chlorhexidine reduces the waiting time for sterilization; the purpose-designed splint strengthens the fixation of the PVC; and the development of the SOPs for PVC insertion and post-removal catheter care reduces the risk of phlebitis. The combination of these strategies effectively reduces the incidence of phlebitis and improves the nursing care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Commerce & Management Quarterly is the property of Chinese Association of Business & Management Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)