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Background Socioeconomic development, lifestyle changes and the COVID-19 pandemic all have an impact on people's mental and physical health, which may affect the prevalence of mental disorders. Currently, there is still no sufficient epidemiological information of mental disorders in Xinjiang. Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of common mental disorders among people aged 15 and above in northern Xinjiang, then compare the data with those of their counterparts in southern Xinjiang, and summarize the overall prevalence of common mental disorders in Xinjiang, providing a scientific basis for the formulation of corresponding mental health plans. Methods From November 2021 to July 2022, a multistage, stratified, random sampling method was used to select 3 853 residents from northern Xinjiang to attend a survey. General Demographic Questionnaire, and self-assessment scales (the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire, Mood Disorder Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90, etc.) and other assessment scales (Hamilton Depression Inventory, Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, etc.) were used as survey instruments. Mental disorders were diagnosed by the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders by two psychiatrists with at least five years' working experience, or by a chief or associate chief psychiatrist when there is an inconsistency between the diagnoses made by the two psychiatrists. Results The point prevalence rate and age-adjusted rate of common mental disorders in northern Xinjiang were 9.71% (374/3 853) and 10.07%, respectively. The point prevalence rate and age-adjusted rate of common mental disorders in the whole Xinjiang were 9.69% (750/7 736) and 9.90%, respectively. The point prevalence rates of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, organic mental disorders, and mental retardation in northern Xinjiang were 4.83% (374/7 736), 3.63% (281/7 736), 0.63% (49/7 736), 0.23% (18/7 736), and 0.36% (28/7 736), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis for northern Xinjiang showed that: the risk of mood disorders in females was 1.854 times higher than that in males〔95%CI (1.325, 2.593) 〕; The risk of mood disorders increased by 5.210 times in 25-34-year-olds〔95%CI (1.348, 20.143) 〕 and 3.863 times in 35-44-year-olds 〔95%CI (1.030, 14.485) 〕 compared with that in those aged ≥65 years; The risk of mood disorders increased by 0.199 times in those with high school or technical secondary school education〔95%CI (0.078, 0.509) 〕 and 0.147 times in those with two- or three-year college and above education〔95%CI (0.056, 0.388) 〕 compared with that in illiteracies. The risk of anxiety disorder in females was 1.627 times higher than that in males〔95%CI (1.144, 2.315) 〕; The risk of anxiety disorder increased by 0.257 times in 15-24-year-olds〔95%CI (0.091, 0.729) 〕, 0.243 times in 45-54-year-olds〔95%CI (0.101, 0.583) 〕, and 0.210 times in 55-64-year-olds〔95%CI (0.067, 0.661) 〕 compared to that of those aged ≥65 years old. The risk of schizophrenia among people living in villages or towns was 4.762 times higher than that of those living in cities〔95%CI (1.705, 13.300) 〕; The risk of schizophrenia among people with high school or technical secondary school education was 0.079 times higher than that of illiteracies〔95%CI (0.015, 0.405) 〕. Conclusion The prevalence of mood disorders and anxiety disorders is high among all types of mental disorders in Xinjiang. Females, rural people, or low educated people in northern Xinjiang are more prone to various types of mental disorders.

Segment routing network is the inheritance and innovation of IP routing technology，which has many unique advantages in the realization of network virtualization，fast re-routing，network programming，load balancing and traffic engineering，and so on.Segment routing mechanism was studied in depth，and the protocol extensions of interior gateway protocols （IGP）and border gateway protocol （BGP）for segment routing were introduced and analyzed in detail.Furthermore，the realization of traffic engineering for segment routing in typical application scenarios of the operator networks was explored.With the maturity of technology and standardization，segment routing network will promise to have broad application prospects.

The Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA) algorithm can remove the high order phase error effectively, which is of great significance to get high resolution images in real-time processing. While PGA usually needs iteration, which necessitates long working hours. In addition, the performances of the algorithm are not stable in different scene applications. This severely constrains the application of PGA in real-time processing. Isolated scatter selection and windowing are two important algorithmic steps of Phase Gradient Autofocus Algorithm. Therefore, this paper presents an isolated scatter selection method based on sample mean and a windowing method based on pulse envelope. These two methods are highly adaptable to data, which would make the algorithm obtain better stability and need less iteration. The adaptability of the improved PGA is demonstrated with the experimental results of real radar data.

Small size, light weight, and low power are presently the directions in SAR development. The microSAR platform is small and light, which results in track deviations because of air flow. The large motion error strongly affects the quality of SAR images. Therefore, high-precision motion compensation is important to SAR image processing. Motion error results in phase and envelope errors. Traditional motion compensation algorithms often ignore the space variance of the envelope error. When the motion error is large, the space-variant envelope error affects the image quality. This study proposes a high-precision motion compensation method based on the subaperture envelope error correction for SAR. The proposed method minimizes the effect of the space-variant envelope error and improves the image quality. Simulations and experimental data processing validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Multiband SAR is an important trend in SAR technology. Accurate registration among different band SAR images is a prerequisite for the comprehensive utilization of the information of multiband SAR images. Errors in the motion measurement system (i.e., residual motion) are major error sources affecting image registration. To solve this problem, the effect of residual motion error on SAR imaging geometry positioning is investigated. The relation between residual motion and image registration accuracy of airborne multiband SAR is analyzed quantitatively. The results of the theoretical analysis are verified by simulation experiments.

Airborne differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (D-InSAR) is a kind of potential technology to survey the surface deformation. In this paper, the errors of two usually used modes of this technology, namely, two-pass and three-pass approaches, are compared and analyzed. In the analysis, all the errors are decomposed and sorted according to the principle of independence, and the coupling between motion error and other errors is considered. Based on the analysis, analytical expressions are derived for the deformation measurement errors in the two modes. The results demonstrate that when the amplitude of the motion error is small, the three-pass approach can reduce the requirement on the precision of the external topography data, so it distinctly outperforms the two-pass approach; when the amplitude of the motion error is large, high-precision topography data are needed in the three-pass approach, and as a result, its advantage over the two-pass approach is not distinct any more.

The SAR system operating at low frequency is susceptible to Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) from television station, radio station, and some other civil electronic facilities. The presence of RFI degrades the SAR image quality, and obscures the targets in the scene. Furthermore, RFI can cause interferometric phase error in repeat track InSAR system. In order to analyze the effect of RFI on interferometric phase of InSAR, real measured RFI signal are added on cone simulated SAR echoes. The imaging and interferometric processing results of both the RFI-contaminated and raw data are given. The effect of real measured RFI signal on repeat track InSAR system is analyzed. Finally, the imaging and interferometric processing results of both with and without RFI suppressed of the P band airborne repeat track InSAR real data are presented, which demonstrates the efficiency of the RFI suppression method in terms of decreasing the interferometric phase errors caused by RFI.

Forming conditions of the shale gas reservoir of the Weixin Sag in the Dianqianbei Depression are studied and preferable sweet spots for shale gas exploration are proposed based on the results of geologic survey, drilling and seismic survey in the shale gas region. The black shale of Cambrian Niutitang Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation are the two principal exploration targets in the Weixin Sag, having the characteristics of big net thickness (>50m) and abundant organic matter, low porosity and permeability. Those two formations have favorable conditions for the formation of shale gas reservoirs and also can be easily hydraulic fractured in the later stages of production. The coexistence of the clastic rock layer on the top, shallow entire seal, and the absence of exposed faults are the three desirable factors for the preservation of shale gas reservoir. The shale core analysis shows that the major composition is methane, the content of which increases as the preservation conditions become better and the shale TOC content and formation pressure increase. After integrated evaluation and optimized selection of shale gas exploration zones, it is determined that the Junlian-Luobu zone located in the north of the sag is the most favorable sweet spot for shale gas exploration in the overlapping target layer of the Longmaxi Formation and Niutitang Formation, and the Huani-Weixin zone in the middle of the sag is proposed to be the sweet spot for shale gas exploration in the Niutitang Formation. It is recommended that importance be attached to the evaluation of shale gas exploration in the Lower Carboniferous Jiusi Formation and Upper Permian Leping formation. 摘要: 根据页岩气区域地质调查研究、钻探和地震勘探成果 研究滇黔北坳陷威信凹陷页岩气成藏条件 优选页岩气勘探“甜点”。寒武系牛蹄塘组和志留系龙马溪组黑色页岩是威信凹陷页岩气两套重点勘探评价层系 单层厚度达50 m以上 有机质丰度高 具有低孔、低渗和富硅质特征 具备形成页岩气藏的有利地质条件并易于后期储集层压裂改造。上覆碎屑岩盖层、无通天断层、浅层整体封闭3大因素并存利于页岩气藏保存。岩心解吸显示页岩气成分以甲烷为主 页岩气含量随保存条件变好、页岩TOC丰度增大和地层压力加大而增加。页岩气勘探甜点综合评价优选认为 凹陷北部的筠连—罗布地区为龙马溪组和牛蹄塘组页岩气目的层叠合的最有利甜点勘探区 -部的花坭—威信地区为牛蹄塘组页岩气有利甜点区。建议重视下石炭统旧司组、上二叠统乐平组的页岩气勘探评价。图7表3参14 关键词滇黔北坳陷 威信凹陷 页岩气 成藏条件 区带优选-图分类号TE132.2 文献标识码A Key words: Dianqianbei Depression, Weixin Sag, shale gas, reservoir forming conditions, optimized exploration zone election

The solid-liquid equilibrium data of APP (ammonium polyphosphate, 18-58-0)-[CO(NH2)2-NH4NO3]-KCl-H2O system and its subsystems (APP(18-58-0)-[CO(NH2)2-NH4NO3]-H2O, KCl-[CO (NH2)2-NH4NO3]-H2O, APP(18-58-0)-KCl-H2O) at 5 °C were respectively determined by the dynamic method. The phase composition of the equilibrium solid phase was analyzed by XRD. The results show that the APP(18-58-0)-[CO (NH2)2-NH4NO3]-H2O, KCl-[CO (NH2) 2-NH4NO3]-H2O and APP (18-58-0)-KCl-H2O systems respectively contain two single crystal-phase regions [(NH4)3HP2O7, (NH4)4P2O7; KNO3, KCl; (NH4) 3HP2 O7, KCl], a co-satUrated crystalline region [(NH4) 3HP2O7 + (NH4) 4P2O7; KNO3 + KCl; (NH4)3HP2O7 + KCl]. APP( 18-58-0)-[CO( NH2)2-NH4NO3] -KCl-H2O system contains four single crystal regions of (NH4) 3HP2OC, (NH4)4P2O7, KNO3 and KCl. The maximum and minimum contents of N + P2O5 + K2O content in this system were 46.18%, 14.46% . With the increase of solutes in the APP(18-58-0)-[CO(NH2)2-NH4NO3]-KCl-H2O system, the content of water in saturated solution decreased gradually. The change trend of water content is consequently opposite to that of N + P2O5 + K2O content. However, the density is consistent with the evolution of N + P2O5 + K2O content. The obtained results provide reference value for the preparation of liquid fertilizer with different proportions of NPK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the potential hazard of the wastewater with the coexistence of selenium and antibiotics in selenium-enriched aquaculture, nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) was in situ synthesized on the N-doped porous biochar (NBC) prepared by shrimp shells, resulting in the composites (NBC-nZVI) with active functional components of NBC and nZVI. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Taking Se (IV) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) as the targeted pollutants, the simultaneous adsorption behavior of NBC-nZVI was investigated. The results showed that the removal performance of NBC-nZVI toward CIP and Se( IV) was superior to that of NBC and nZVI. Se (IV) was preferentially adsorbed on the surface of NBC-nZVI compared to CIP, which mediated the adsorption of CIP and improved the removal performance of NBC-nZVI to CIP. The adsorption of NBC-nZVI for Se(IV) was nearly immune to CIP. The adsorption behavior of NBC-nZVI toward CIP and Se( IV) in the bicomponent system followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Sips isotherm model, and the theo-retical maximum adsorption capacities for CIP and Se(IV) were 130.6,335.7 mg/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The biological safety of a new developed silicone rubber for inflatable silastic prosthesis (SRISP) was evaluated. Methods Following the GB/T 16886.10-2005 standard, YY/T 0127.13-2009 standard, and GB/T 16886.11-2011 standard, samples were prepared and tested by animal experiments, such as guinea pig maximization test, oral mucous membrane irritation test, and short-term systemic toxicity test (oral route). Results No obvious erythema and edema m the guinea pig abdominal skin were observed after 24, 48, and 72 h of stimulating touch, thus indicating that SRISP does not cause potential skin sensitivity. No local response to SRISP was found, and the visual observation and pathological findings of oral mucosa were normal and similar to that of the control group. Therefore, SRISP had no irritation response to oral mucosa. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in rats, and no significant differences in weight and weight relative growth rate between extract group and blank control group (P>0.05) were found. Thus, SRISP had no short-term systemic toxicity. Conclusion These results indicated that SRISP met the requirement of biomedical materials and had good bio-security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cooperative spectrum sensing aims to alleviate the influence of the severe fading or shadowing to the detection channels in cognitive radio systems. Based on the analysis of the space-time block coding (STBC) based fixed clustering cooperative spectrum sensing scheme, this paper proposes a robust dynamic clustering scheme to overcome the limitations of the fixed clustering scheme. The proposed scheme can take advantage of STBC scheme and improve the system sensing performance. It utilizes the conditions of inter-user channels to realize the dynamic clustering and achieves the lower bound of false alarm probability. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the system sensing performance significantly over fading channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To test expression of carbonic anhydrase II (Ca II) mRNA in osteoclasts which were applied with fluid shear stress. Methods The bone marrow cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured with the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone. The osteoclast-like cells were identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, then purified with trypsin/ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Different values and lasting time of steady fluid shear stress were exerted on the osteoclasts with parallel plate flow system. The Ca II expression of osteoclasts were detected by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The levels of Call mRNA were down-regulated correspondingly with the increase of stress and time (P<0.05). Conclusion It's indicated that steady fluid shear stress within a certain range may down-regulate the expression of Ca II in osteoclasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on theoretical analysis results of simplified planar structures with strengthened stories, main parameters that affect the structural performance are selected for analyses. Sap2000 is adopted for FEA analyses. According to FEA results of an outrigger braced high-rise structure, the outrigger stiffness should be within a rational range to save costs and the large lateral stiffness of the structure is provided. The proposed rational stiffness can be applied to the structural design if the stories adjacent to the strengthened ones are properly strengthened. The study can serve for the design of this kind of buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the effects of fluid shear stress on the cells of osteoblasts and to determine the mechanisms involved. METHODS: The fluid shear stress with a magnitude of 0(control group), 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 Pa was exerted on the third passage of osteoblasts for 1 hour, and incubation in static condition for 24 hours. The cell apoptotic index was tested by the terminal transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression of bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS11.5 software package for one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The apoptosis of osteoblasts and the expression of bcl-2, Caspase-3 were not affected significantly by the fluid shear stress with a magnitude from 0 to 2.0 Pa (P>0.05). But in the 3.0,4.0 and 5.0 Pa groups, the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of caspase-3 increased while the expression of bcl-2 decreased (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in expression of Bax in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The physiological fluid shear stress does not affect apoptosis of osteoblasts. However, the fluid shear stress of over-magnitude may lead to the decrease the expression of bcl-2, which results in activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis of osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the dynamic response problem of rock slope induced by the vibration load of high speed train. Based on cutting rock slope engineering case of Qin-Shen Special Railway, the dynamic finite element model of track-subgrade-cutting slope system is established. By using dynamic analysis program, dynamic response of cutting rock slope caused by train vibration loads under different train-speed is caculated, and the distribution of dynamic response under vibration load of high speed train is obtained. The results indicate that dynamic response is happened within 5 m around train vibration source, .and the maximum is happened at the slope bottom. With the increase train-speed off, the dynamic response amplification at the slope bottom is maximum, and the amplification of vibration acceleration in all dynamic responses is maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the endo-sinus bone remodeling of dental implants placed via osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) after 6 months and using different implant protrusion lengths and bone grafts through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)., Methods: Ninety-six patients with 124 implants were included and assigned into four groups. Group 1: implant protrusion length<4 mm with bone graft; group 2: implant protrusion length>4 mm with bone graft; group 3: implant protrusion length<4 mm without bone graft; group 4: implant protrusion length>4 mm without bone graft. Apical bone gain (ABG), cortical bone gain (CBG), bone density gain (BDG), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were observed and analyzed at baseline and 6 months after implant surgery., Results: The CBG in grafted groups 1 and 2 was higher than that in non-grafted groups. The ABG and BDG were higher in non-grafted groups 3 and 4 than in grafted groups, and the levels in group 3 were higher than those in group 4. The CBG in grafted group 2 was higher than that in group 1. No significant difference was observed in MBL analysis., Conclusions: The BDG of IPL<4 mm implants was higher than IPL>4 mm implant when bone grafts were not applied. No relevance was observed between IPL and CBG. Bone grafts can accelerate endo-sinus bone remodeling by increasing CBG and dissipating the influence of IPL on BDG.

Peri-implantitis is the most common and intractable complication of dental implant-supported prothesis affecting its long-term success, and is one of the main reasons for implant failure. Due to the limitation of the research methods, the pathogenesis and pathological processes of peri-implantitis remain unclear. Animal models are indispensable tools to study the pathogenesis of diseases. With the advances of the dental implants, the peri-implantitis mouse model has been used in experimental research. This paper summarized recent studies from the following five aspects: the advantages of the mouse model, the influence of mouse strain, the design of micro-implant, the way of implant insertion, as well as the induction of peri-implantitis, aiming to provide references and help for researchers. Compared with the large animal models of peri-implantitis, the mouse model of peri-implantitis is more flexible in use. Lower costs can better control the sample number and shorter induction time can better control experimental duration. The completion of mouse genome sequencing and the progress of the genetic operating system also make the pathogenetic study possible. However, the mouse model of peri-implantitis still has some limitations. Limited by the small size of mouse oral cavity, implant insertion surgery is technically demanding, and complex surgeries are even more challenging. Moreover, due to short history of the peri-implantitis mouse model, its corresponding technical theories such as implantation methods, peri-implantitis induction methods and so on are not unified yet and still need further research and development., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Nitrogen plays a vital role in biological activities as the basic element of organic molecules and the main nutrient of soil. In the study of nitrogen pollution, the first step is to understand the transformation mechanism of various nitrogen forms. Based on the transformation process and the mechanism of nitrogen in the ecosystem, this review summarizes the research methods of nitrogen source analysis and nitrogen isotope fractionation in soil and water, and categorically reviews the applications of nitrogen source identification in surface water and groundwater. We showed that it is more effective to identify the sources of soil and water nitrogen pollution by combining hydrochemical methods with the multi-isotope approach. The importance of primary nitrogen sources should also be quantified to study groundwater pollution. A new approach to determine the source of oxygen atoms during nitrosation was also presented, and the enrichment principle of δ 18 O-NO 3 - during secondary oxidation was explained. Finally, the contribution of primary ammonium nitrogen to groundwater pollution was discussed, and innovative research ideas were provided.

To better understand the eco-physiological characteristics of dominant tree species in Korean pine broad-leaved forests, and to provide fundamental data for modelling and predicting carbon dynamics of forest ecosystems, we measured leaf CO 2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO 2 concentration curves of four canopy dominant tree species in a Korean pine broad-leaved forest, in situ, for the first time, using a canopy crane in the Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem Research Station. Several important photosynthetic parameters were fitted with the FvCB model. Photosynthe-tic rate (A), maximum carboxylation rate (V c max ) and stomatal conductance (g s ) were lowest in Pinus koraiensis (Pk), while stomatal limitation on photosynthesis (L s ) was highest in Pk. There were significant variations of photosynthetic characteristics among the three broad-leaved tree species [i.e., Fraxinus mandshurica (Fm), Quercus mongolica (Qm) and Tilia amurensis (Ta)]. The rank of tree species with respect to area-based V c max was: Fm (83.2 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) and Qm (89.3 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) > Ta (68.4 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) and Pk (68.8 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) (P<0.05), and their rank with respect to mass-based V c max was: Fm (1.36 μmol·g -1 ·s -1 ) > Qm (1.03 μmol·g -1 ·s -1 ) > Ta (0.90 μmol·g -1 ·s -1 ) > Pk (0.42 μmol·g -1 ·s -1 ) (P<0.05). From July to September, A value significantly declined in Fm and Qm, but remained stable in Ta and Pk. By contrast, V c max significantly decreased in all tree species from July to September. Our results indicated that seasonal variation of V cmax should be taken into consideration in the modelling and predicting of forest ecosystem carbon dynamics in northeastern China.

Purpose: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the changes of alveolar bone morphology around the upper incisors before and after functional treatment in adolescents using cone-beam CT(CBCT)., Methods: Thirty patients with skeletal Class II mandibular retrusion who were successfully treated with high-pull headgear-activator(HGAC) and Twin-block were selected and divided into 2 groups (HGAC and Twin-block groups), 15 in each group. CBCT was performed before and after treatment, to observe upper incisor movement in the alveolar bone and alveolar bone remodeling. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software package to analyze the changes of alveolar bone thickness, angle of central incisor and alveolar bone before and after treatment., Results: Horizontally, the edge of the maxillary incisor appeared lingual movement in both groups, while the root apex appeared lingual movement in HGAC group and labial movement in Twin-block group. Vertically, the edge of the maxillary incisor was moved down and the root apex was moved up in all patients, whereas the moving distance was less in the edge and larger in the root apex in HGAC group. The thicknesses of major areas in the alveolar bone significantly increased in HGAC group, while in Twin-block group the labial thickness of the alveolar bone showed significant decrease and the palatal thickness showed significant increase. Moreover, the total thickness of the alveolar bone showed significant increase in both groups, yet Twin-block group showed more increase, and the angle of the alveolar bone showed more decrease in HGAC group., Conclusions: Both functional appliances can cause positive alveolar bone remodeling in maxillary incisor area. HGAC can achieve a controlled tilt inward movement of the maxillary incisors, intrude the incisors to a certain extent, and allow certain change in the bending angle of the incisor alveolar bone at the same time, which is conducive to improving ClassⅡcraniofacial pattern. Twin-block can tilt the maxillary incisor inward, suggesting that more attention needs to be paid to the control of the torque of the incisor when retracting anterior teeth in fixed orthodontic treatment after Twin-block functional treatment.

Objective: To investigate the effect of acupuncture intervention on the depression behavior and expression of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK 1/2), p-ERK 1/2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depression rats, so as to explore its antidepressant mechanism., Methods: Sixty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, acupuncture, Fluoxetine, model ＋ Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), model ＋ PD 98059(an ERK pathway inhibitor), acupuncture ＋ PD 98059 and Fluoxetine ＋ PD 98059 groups ( n ＝8 rats in each). The CUMS depression model was established by using chronic mild and unpredictable stress methods for 21 days. Manual acupuncture stimulation was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Yintang" (GV 29) for 10 min before modeling, once daily for 21 days. Fluoxetine hydrochloride suspension (1.8 mg•kg －1 •d －1 ) was given to rats of the Fluoxetine group and Fluo-xetine ＋ PD 98059 group by gavage 30 min before CUMS. PD 98059 (dissolved in DMSO, 10 µL) was administered to rats of model ＋ PD 98059 group, acupuncture ＋ PD 98059 and Fluoxetine ＋ PD 98059 group, and DMSO (10 µL) to rats of model ＋ DMSO group by intracerebroventricular injection 1 h before CUMS. Sucrose consumption test was carried out to evaluate the depressive behavior. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of ERK 1/2, p-ERK 1/2 and BDNF of prefrontal cortex., Results: Compared with the control group, the sucrose consumption and the expression levels of p-ERK 1/2 and BDNF protein in the prefrontal cortex were significantly reduced in the model and model＋DMSO group ( P <0. 01). After the intervention, modeling induced decrease of the sucrose consumption, and p-ERK 1/2 and BDNF expression was significantly up-regulated in both acupuncture and Fluoxetine groups ( P <0.01, P <0.05), but not in the model＋PD 98059, Fluoxetine ＋PD 98059 and acupuncture＋PD 98059 groups ( P >0.05). No significant differences were found among the model＋PD 98059, Fluoxetine ＋PD 98059 and acupuncture＋PD 98059 groups in the sucrose consumption, and ERK 1/2, p-ERK 1/2 and BDNF expression levels ( P >0.05), and in the expression levels of ERK 1/2 protein among the 8 groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Acupuncture intervention has an anti-depressive role in CUMS induced depression rats, which may be related to its effects in up-regulating the expression of p-ERK 1/2 and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex tissue.

Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical effect of arch wire deformation, height of micro-implant and lever-arm on movement of the maxillary anterior teeth in the lingual retraction force system., Methods: Nonlinear 3-D finite element model of lingual orthodontic force system with micro-implant was constructed. When the arch-wire was set to be flexible body and rigid body, lingual retraction force system using sliding mechanism, the height of micro-implant and lever-arm was 0, 3, 5, 7 mm to alveolar ridge crest of the middle point of maxillary second premolars and maxillary first molars. The initial movement and hydrostatic pressure of anterior teeth were calculated., Results: In the lingual retraction force system with micro-implant using sliding mechanism, when the wire was set to be flexible body, retroclination primary displacements of maxillary anterior teeth were found because of wire deformation. The maxillary lateral incisor's primary displacement became larger with the height of micro-implant increased. When the wire was set to be rigid body, the teeth tended to be slightly tipping, and with the increase of height of micro-implant, the change of movement tendency was not obvious. High value of periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure was observed in the lingual retraction force system of maxillary anterior teeth with micro-implant when the wire was flexible, exceeding the capillary pressure. When the wire was rigid, the value of periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure was small within the upper limit value of capillary pressure., Conclusions: Deformation of wire has a great influence on initial teeth movement and periodontal hydrostatic pressure. In clinic, using more rigid wire and reducing the initial force may reduce the risk of orthodontic root absorption.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-155 on inflammatory response and lipid uptake of macrophages after the cells are stimulated by ox-LDL and its potential mechanism. Methods Macrophage RAW264.7 cells were treated with 0, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL ox-LDL for 24 hours or with 50 μg/mL ox-LDL for 0, 6, 12, 24 hours. The level of miR-155 was evaluated in all above samples through real-time quantitative PCR. In our research, RAW264.7 cells were divided into six groups: control group, ox-LDL group, ox-LDL/negative control group, ox-LDL/anti-miR-155 group, ox-LDL/shRNA negative control group and ox-LDL/PPARγ-shRNA group. Oil red O staining was used to observe lipid uptake in the cells. Filipin staining was used to evaluate the cellular uptake of ox-LDL. Cholesterol testing was performed to examine the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol (FC). Real-time quantitative PCR was done to detect the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 mRNAs. According to study purpose, we explored the potential mechanisms of miR-155 inhibitor (including control group, ox-LDL group, ox-LDL/negative control group and ox-LDL/miR-155 inhibitor group), miR-155 mimic (including negative control group and miR-155 mimic group), and PPARγ shRNA (including control group, ox-LDL group, ox-LDL/shRNA negative control group and ox-LDL/PPARγ shRNA group) in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 cells through evaluating the expressions of p-STAT3, PPARγ, CD36 and NF-κBp65 using Western blotting. Results Ox-LDL stimulation increased the relative expression of miR-155 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Through oil red O staining, Filipin staining, cholesterol testing and real-time PCR experiment, we found the relative absorbance, levels of TC and FC, filipin fluorescence intensity, and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNAs were significantly lower in ox-LDL/anti-miR-155 group than in ox-LDL and ox-LDL/negative control group. Similarly, the relative absorbance, levels of TC and FC, filipin fluorescence intensity and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNAs were significantly lower in ox-LDL/ PPARγ shRNA group than in ox-LDL group and ox-LDL/shRNA negative control group. The expressions of p-STAT3, PPARγ, CD36 and NF-κBp65 proteins were suppressed in ox-LDL/anti-miR-155 group as compared with ox-LDL group and ox-LDL/negative control group. Similarly, p-STAT3, PPARγ, CD36 and NF-κBp65 protein levels decreased in ox-LDL/PPARγ shRNA as compared with ox-LDL/vector group. Moreover, p-STAT3, PPARγ, CD36 and NF-κBp65 protein levels were higher in miR-155 mimic group than in negative control group. Conclusion Mediated by PPARγ, miR-155 induced inflammation response and lipid uptake of macrophages via STAT3/NF-κB signal pathway and CD36.

Objective: To study the contribution of medial or lateral stabilizer to the stability of the patella, to explore the function and effect of releasing the LPR clinically and to provide a biomechanical basis for the clinical treatment of patellar instability(PI)., Methods: The quadriceps femoris of 6 fresh human cadaver knees were loaded to simulate a normal condition of muscle strength. First the loading force was measured and recorded, which subluxated the patella with the different degrees of knee flexion. Intervention 1:released the medial patellar retinaculum(MPR) to simulate pathologic conditions, then repeated the above manipulates and recorded the loading force. Intervention 2:released the LPR furthermore to simulate clinical surgical treatment, then repeated the above manipulates and recorded the loading force., Results: After releasing the MPR, the loading force which subluxated the patella were decreased obviously, and there were significant differences between the two groups( P <0.05). The above loading force was further decreased after the further release of LPR, but the difference was not significant( P >0.05)., Conclusions: MPR plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the patella and in the normal trajectory of the patellofemoral joint. The attention should be paid to the repair or reconstruction of the MPR in the treatment for patella recurrent lateral dislocation subluxation. Releasing the LPR is not a best choice., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Objective: To clarify the related factors of marginal bone loss (MBL) around tissue level implants in the posterior part of the mandible., Methods: A total of 116 tissue level implants were implanted in the mandibular posterior region of 76 patients. Patients' information, including general characteristics, implant characteristics, implant site characteristics, and prosthesis characteristics, was recorded. Their cone beam computed tomography data were measured immediately after implant placement, 3 months later, and 3 and 12 months after prosthesis loading. The measurement of MBL was conducted by One Volume Viewer software. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistic analysis., Results: Smoking, cortical bone thickness (CBT), collum angle (CA), and implant local sanitation showed significant differences with body mass loss (P<0.05). No significant differences were found among sex, age, length of implant, diameter of implants, implant systems, bone height, prosthesis type, and MBL (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The risk factors that caused MBL were smoking, thicker CBT, larger CA, and poor implant local sanitation. Among them, poor implant local sanitation had the highest correlation with MBL.

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of a new type silicone rubber for maxillofacial prosthesis, which was developed by the present authors. According to the GB/T16886. 5- 2003, the samples were prepared and tested with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, the relative growth rate (RGR) was calculated, and morphology of L929 cells were observed by scanning electron microscope and phase contrast microscope. The results showed that RGR of L929 cells were 91.65% (24 h), 87.03% (48 h), 87.30% (72 h), respectively, and the level of cytotoxicity was grade 1. The L929 cells showed typical fusiform shape and their morphology did not changed significantly after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. These data indicated that the newly-developed silicone rubber material, as a maxillofacial prosthesis material, should be a safe biomaterial.

Electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) was used to online analyze the PM2.5 particle size and mass concentration distribution in the trapping field and ore tank of blast furnace iron-making plant. Results showed that the grain number concentration of PM2.5 in trapping field after dust removal was in the range of 10(5)-10(6)cm-3 , and the particle size was mainly below 0. 1 μm. While the grain number concentration of the PM2.5 in ore tank after dust removal was in the range of 10(4)-10(5) cm-3, the particle size was mainly below 1.0 μm, and the mass concentration distribution showed a single peak. The micro-morphology of PM2.5 monomer was mainly divided into two categories, spherical particles and irregular aggregates. Chemical composition analysis indicated that the concentrations of water soluble SO(2-)(4) , K+ , Ca2+ were higher than other ions in PM2.5, with the percentage of 10. 32% -28.55% , 10. 36% -12. 15% , 3.97% -15. 4% , respectively. The major elements was Fe, Si, Al, with 16. 8% -31. 62% , 2. 24% -8.76% , 1.24% -5. 89% of total mass, respectively; organic carbon and elementary carbon were 2. 7% -4. 6% and 0. 8% -1. 3% , respectively. The emission factors of PM2.5 in trapping field and in ore tank after dust removal were ranged from 0.045 to 0.085 kg t(-1) and 0.042 to 0.071 kg t-1, respectively.

Objective: To explore the status of infections of soil-transmitted nematodes of residents in Shuyang County, Jiang-su Province from 2011 to 2012., Methods: Totally 2,140 residents of Machang Town and Longji Town in Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province were investigated, and their stool samples were collected and detected by Kato-Katz technique, and in addition, the children aged 3-12 years were examined by the cellophane anal swab method, in 2011 and 2012., Results: In 2011, the total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 1.06% (11/1,034), the infection rate of hookworm was 1.06% (11/1,034), the infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was 0, the infection rate of Trichuris trichiura was 0, and the infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was 0; In 2012, the total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 0.99% (11/1,106), the infection rate of hookworm was 0.27% (3/1,106), the infection rate of A. lumbricoides was 0.09 (1/1,106), the infection rate of T. trichiura was 0, and the infection rate of E. vermicularis was 2.69% (7/223)., Conclusion: The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes of residents in Shuyang County is low, but the surveillance is still necessary.

Objective: To study a feasible method of measuring right ventricular pressure by catheterization in mice., Methods: Measuring the right ventricular pressure and the pulmonary artery pressure by homemade PE pipe through venous cannula in external jugular vein, using catheterization in mice with powerlab multimodal biometric signal recording system., Results: Forty-six out of 51 mice were experimented with this method smoothly and got a total success rate of 90.2%. Thirty of 33 normal mice and 16 of 18 mice with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were catheterized successfully. The right ventricular pressure were as follow: systolic blood pressure: (23.4 +/- 5.7) mmHg in normal group vs (32.2 +/- 2.8) mmHg in mice with PAH, diastolic blood pressure: (3.7 +/- 2.6) mmHg vs (3.8 +/- 2.0) mmHg, mean pressure: (12.0 +/- 3.7) mmHg vs (14.9 +/- 2.3) mmHg. After autopsy for those 5 failed cases, we found that 2 cases were into the inferior vena cava, another 2 cases pierced the right auricle and the last one punctured the axillary vein into the chest wall., Conclusion: Measuring the right ventricular pressure through venous cannula in external jugular vein with homemade PE pipe in mice gets not only a high success rate but also help to save time. Moreover, this method can be popularized easily. It is a good and feasible method for measuring right ventricular pressure in mice.

Objective: To explore the effects of sacral canal injection on nerve root local inflammatory factors in rat model with lumbar disc herniation, in order to identify its mechanism of treatment., Methods: Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(group A), model group (group B), Chinese medicine group(group C) and western medicine group(group D). There were 12 rats in each group. The model of lumbar disc herniation was established using compression and inflammatory stimulation in group B, C, D. All rats were given epidural catheterization and group A and B with physiological saline (1 ml/kg), group C with mixed liquor of 2% lidocaine and compound Danshen injections and physiological saline (2:2: 16) and group D with mixed liquor of 2% lidocaine and triamcinolone acetonide injection and physiological saline (2:2:16), once a week for a total of three treatments. Four rats were killed every 1 week after injection for once, and the inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-l (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by ELISA method., Results: The levels of TNF-alpha, PGE2, IL-1 and IL-6 in compressed nerve tissues in group B were increased than those of group A (P < 0.01). The levels of PGE2, IL-1 and IL-6 in group C and D were decreased than those of group B, and group D was much less(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in level of TNF-alpha among group B, C, D (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Compound compression with inflammatory stimulation can lead to massive release of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-alpha, PGE2, IL-1 and IL-6. Both injection with compound Danshen injections and triamcinolone acetonide injections by sacral canal can reduce the levels of part inflammatory mediators (PGE2, IL-1 and IL-6), and the effect of Glucocorticoid is better than Danshen (P < 0.05).

Descriptive translation study approach from the perspective of polysystem theory developed by Holmes J., Even-Zohar I. and Toury G. investigates translation in its historical and cultural contexts, and thus offers a new method from a new perspective to study the history of translation of Chinese medicine. Over 300 years has passed by since the first work on Chinese pulse lore in a Western language came out in the 17th century. Many works of this topic in Western languages have got published since then. Descriptive translation study approach from the perspective of polysystem theory is applied to describe 9 representative works on Chinese pulse lore in Western languages in a comprehensive diachronic way, which takes its translation and dissemination in the West as the theme and its English translation as the focus. And the historical route and law of its translation and dissemination in the West have thus been presented: translation contents began with skills and then gradually involved classical texts; the trend is to give a comprehensive interpretation of Chinese medicine from its theoretical foundation to its clinical techniques from a cross-cultural perspective and based on classical Chinese medical texts and cultural differences between medicine East and West.

Objective: To test expression of carbonic anhydrase II (Ca II) mRNA in osteoclasts which were applied with fluid shear stress., Methods: The bone marrow cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured with the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone. The osteoclast-like cells were identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, then purified with trypsin/ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Different values and lasting time of steady fluid shear stress were exerted on the osteoclasts with parallel plate flow system. The Ca II expression of osteoclasts were detected by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR)., Results: The levels of Ca II mRNA were down-regulated correspondingly with the increase of stress and time (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: It's indicated that steady fluid shear stress within a certain range may down-regulate the expression of Ca II in osteoclasts.

Objective: To establish an optimized primary drug screen model of neuronal differentiation using P19 embryonal carcinoma cells., Methods: The final concentration of retinoid acid (RA), days of suspension culture, manner of adherent culture, suitable cell density and adherent culture medium were tested, respectively. Two stages of neuronal differentiation were examined based on morphological changes and immunocytochemistry analysis of neuronal specific protein β-tubulin III., Results: On d 8 of differentiation culture, neuron-like cells were observed with final concentration of 1 μmol/L RA. Neuron-like network was formed on d 16 of neuronal differentiation. β-tubulin III was positively stained on both stages, indicating P19 cells were differentiated into neurons., Conclusion: The model using RA to induce P19 embryonic carcinoma cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells has been successfully established, which may provide a rapid, phenotypic cell-based platform for primary screening of neurogenesis-promoting drugs.

Objective: To develop a new local delivery system, zoledronic-acid-loaded chitosan/calcium phosphate ceramic, and to determine its characterization and in vitro response of osteoblast cells., Methods: Zoledronic-acid-loaded chitosan/calcium phosphate ceramic were prepared by solution casting method at a concentration of 10(-5), 10(-4), and 10(-3) mol/L, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the resulting materials were determined using SEM and FTIR. Drug absorbance was measured using CCK-8 colorimetric assay and alkaline phosphatase assay to detect the effect of drug-loaded materials on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts., Results: After ZOL loading, SEM showed that porous calcium phosphate ceramic was coated with chitosan evenly. The IR spectra indicated that drug absorption peaks were shifted and a new one was formed for the drug-loaded biomaterials. The material at the highest concentration could inhibit the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activities of osteoblast cells, but no such effect was found at a drug-loading concentration of 10(-4)-10(-5) mol/L., Conclusion: We confirmed that the local delivery system in this study has ability of loading ZOL. The biomaterial with high drug concentrations inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, but not when the drug concentrations are low.