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In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted and oscillation-assisted solvent extraction methodologies were employed to extract safflower seed oil using unshelled and shelled safflower seeds harvested from Xinjiang as raw materials. The effects of different extraction methods on the physicochemical indices and volatile components of safflower seed oil were further investigated to clarify the differences in the quality of oils extracted from unshelled and shelled safflower seeds. Results showed that the physicochemical indices of safflower seed oil extracted by different methods, including relative density, refractive index, saponification value, acid value, iodine value, peroxide value and so on, were in complance with the national standard of safflower seed oil (GB/T 22465-2008). The fatty acids of different oil samples were mainly linoleic acid (57.53%~67.95%), oleic acid (6.46%~8.12%), palmitic acid (1.87%~2.12%) and stearic acid (1.26%~1.77%). The fatty acid compositions of safflower seed oils extracted by these two different methods did not show any significant differences. The contents of trans-(2-octenal), n-hexanol and n-amyl alcohol in safflower oil obtained by the ultrasonic-assisted method were 2.74%, 14.96% and 1.93%, while those obtained by the oscillation-assisted method were 2.14%, 12.49% and 1.88%. In addition, the OSI values of safflower seed oils extracted by the ultrasonic-assisted method and the oscillation-assisted method were 6.89 h and 5.57 h, respectively. More importantly, the oils extracted from the unshelled safflower seeds exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities (i.e. scavenging degrees of DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals) than those extracted from shelled safflower seeds. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and refining technology of safflower seed oil.

To investigate the effects of initial protein, fat content, and storage temperature on the shelf life of UHT pure milk packaging, three types of UHT pure milk were used as research objects to experimentally measure sample browning index and protein hydrolysis index during storage at 23, 30, and 37 ℃. Integrate the dataset and determine specific input parameters based on its performance on the prediction set, and carry out UHT pure milk packaging shelf life prediction based on BP neural network. The results showed that the fitting degrees of the BP neural network model for the browning index and protein hydrolysis index of UHT milk were 0.9412 and 0.9527, respectively, and compared with traditional multiple linear regression model’s number of 0.8799 and 0.9211, the BP neural network model with optimized hidden layer neuron numbers had higher prediction accuracy for the changes in characteristic indicators during the storage period of UHT pure milk, providing technical support for rapid and accurate prediction of the shelf life of UHT pure milk with different formulas.

In order to determine the optimal extraction process, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of anthocyanins from Perilla friesians leaf, in this study, Perilla friesians leaf was used as raw material. Response surface method was used to optimize the optimal process conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from Perilla friesians leaf, and liquid mass combined technology was used to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins and anthocyanins in the extracts. The antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of the extracts were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: The ratio of material to liquid was 1:20 g/mL, the ultrasonic temperature was 47 ℃, the ultrasonic time was 57 min, and ethanol concentration was 62%, and the maximum extraction rate was 7.18±0.32 mg/g DW under these conditions. The extract was mainly composed of cyanidin, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. The extract showed significant scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals, and the IC50 values were 0.49 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively. The lowest inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus was 160 mg/mL. This study provides a theoretical basis for the extraction and application of anthocyanins from Perilla friesians leaf.

The objective of this study is to investigate the variations of optical properties during the progression of black spot disease and select the characteristic wavelengths for disease detection. The optical absorption and scattering properties were measured on winter jujubes using a single integrating sphere detection system in the band range of 900~1650 nm combined with inverse adding-doubling (IAD) algorithm in this study. The characteristic wavelengths were obtained depending on the correlation analysis between optical properties absorption and physicochemical indicators. Finally, the effectiveness of characteristic wavelengths was verified using near-infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that a* and weight loss increased with storage time, while L*, soluble solids content and chlorophyll showed a consistent decrease. Both the absorption coefficient (μa) and the reduced scattering coefficient (μs') of the winter jujubes showed a significant downward trend with the development of black spot disease. The μa and μs' curves were highly correlated with disease extent (spot area) and some quality indicators (weight loss, L*, a*, soluble solids content and chlorophyll) in the 1400~1650 and 900~1360 nm, respectively. The discriminant models built based on the 10 characteristic variables selected by optical properties performed best compared with the models based on full wavelengths and algorithm-based characteristic wavelengths, with an overall accuracy of 92.53% and 92.35% for the calibration and prediction set, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of the short- and mid-wave infrared optical signal in the disease detection on winter jujubes and the effectiveness of characteristic wavelengths on the basis of optical properties.

In order to study the optimal conditions for ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenols from Cistanche tubulosa by deep eutectic solvents (DES), the optimal DES (proline:glycerol=2:5) was first selected. Further, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction processes based on the single factor experiments. The extraction kinetics and antioxidant activity were further studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: Ultrasonic temperature of 40 ℃, liquid to solid ratio of 45 mL/g, water content of 40%, extraction time of 28 min. The extraction rate at this condition was 37.76 mg/g DW. Ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenols from Cistanche tubulosa conformed to the second-order reaction kinetics. The IC50 values of polyphenol extracts on DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates were 0.875 and 0.501 mg/mL, respectively. The results would provide a theoretical basis for green extraction and application of polyphenols from Cistanche tubulosa in Xinjiang.

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily affects the respiratory system, this disease can affect multiple systems, including the musculoskeletal system. However, studies regarding the effect of COVID-19 on musculoskeletal system are limited. This study analyzed the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition of 33 patients with COVID-19 using their chest CT scans at admission, discharge, and one-year follow-up. Among the patients, 2 were asymptomatic, 8 had mild symptoms, 19 had ordinary symptoms, and 4 had severe symptoms, and no critical patients were included. The mean length of hospital stay was (29.5±9.6) days, and the mean duration to follow-up was (423.0±53.6) days. The study found no significant changes in BMD of segmental or total thoracic vertebrae at admission, discharge, and one-year follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, and total adipose tissue (TAT) of the mid-slice of the T12~L1 intervertebral disc. However, the asymptomatic and mild group had a higher average BMD of the T1~T12 than that of the common and severe group at admission and one-year follow-up. The common and severe group had higher VAT and TAT area than those of the asymptomatic and mild group at admission and one-year follow-up. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of COVID-19 on the musculoskeletal system and suggests that COVID-19 does not significantly affect thoracic BMD and abdominal adipose tissue after one year of infection.

The present study aims at clarifying the quality differences of Cistanche deserticola (CD) from different areas. The contents of bioactive compounds extracted from different parts (root, middle and top stems) and their antioxidant activities were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the contents and antioxidant activities of bioactive components were significantly affected by origins and parts. The samples from the southern Tengger desert (D) showed high concentrations of total polyphenols (17.66 mg GAE/g DW) and verbascoside (6.98 mg/g DW). These compounds showed high scavenging abilities against ABTS+ (IC50=1.48 mg/mL) and DPPH (IC50=0.38 mg/mL) free radical. Samples from the southern Gurbantunggut desert (E) showed the highest content of total flavonoids (16.58 mg RE/g DW). The highest content of total triterpenoid appeared in the sample from Badangirin desert (A) (18.63 mg OAE/g DW). Samples from the Gurbantunggut desert (F) had polysaccharides and procyanidins at levels of 31.18 and 4.71 mg PCE/g DW, respectively. The samples from the northern Tengger desert (C) had the highest echinoside content (17.75 mg/g DW) and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC50=3.05 mg/mL). Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA) with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 85.43%. Through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the samples were divided into three groups. The four producing areas (A, B, C and D) of the first and second groups were distributed in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, and the comprehensive score was the top four. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for quality evaluation, product development and standardization of Cistanche deserticola in China.

In order to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of phenylethanol glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa (Ct) in Xinjiang, box-behnken design was used to optimize the extraction conditions based on single factor experiments. Optimal conditions were the temperature of 40 ℃, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:41.7 g/mL and the ethanol concentration of 51%. The extraction yield under the optimal conditions was (14.36±0.12) mg/g. The extracts were mainly composed of echinacoside and verbascoside, the contents of which were (12.96±0.33) mg/g and (1.19±0.09) mg/g, respectively. The phenylethanoside extracts showed strong scavenging ability to hydroxyl radical and DPPH free radical, and the semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 60.196 mg/mL and 0.875 mg/mL, respectively. This study provides basic data for the extraction of phenylethanoside from Cistanche tubulosa in Xinjiang.

In order to improve the melting phenomenon of gelatin due to poor thermal stability during heating, gelatin was modified with tannic acid to explore the effects of modified gelatin fat substitutes on the structure and functional properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), freeze-thaw stability, cooking resistance, water holding capacity and texture properties were used to explore the effects of tannic acid modified gelatin fat substitutes on the structure and functional properties. The results showed that when the pH value was 5, the mass ratio of gelatin to tannic acid was 1.2:1, and heated at 36 ℃ for 30 min, the functional groups between tannic acid and gelatin combined with each other, the two reacted and changed the protein structure of gelatin, and the microstructure changed from dense and uniform mass structure to loose and porous pore structure; Freeze thaw stability and cooking resistance increased, water holding capacity and swelling capacity decreased, hardness and chewability increased, elasticity, cohesion and adhesion decreased, and L*, a* and b* increased. After modification, the thermal stability of gelatin fat substitute was improved, the structural characteristics of gelatin fat substitute were improved, and the product texture was improved, which provided a theoretical basis for the preparation of fat substitute of polyphenol modified gelatin.

In this paper, the bioactive components and antioxidant activities of Cistanche tubulosa (CT) cultivated in Qinghai Province were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the bioactive components in different parts of Cistanche tubulosa were significantly different (P

Xinjiang beef has high quality and is one of the famous livestock products resources in Xinjiang. In order to achieve the real-time monitoring of beef freshness, hydrogels were prepared by physical freeze-thaw method using carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol as raw materials. The physical characteristics of hydrogels were also characterized. Furthermore, an intelligent indicator label was made using Perilla leaf pigment extract as the optimum color pigment, and its intelligent indication effect on the freshness of Xinjiang beef during cold storage was studied. The result showed that the optimum ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to carboxymethyl cellulose was 4:3, and the hydrogel prepared by three freeze-thaw cycles had good water absorption ability(2937.39%), pigment inclusion rate(24.62%), porosity(97.71%), hardness, elasticity, glue viscosity and loose porous network microstructure. The color difference value(ΔE) of indicator label on the second day was 10.2, and which was 26.5 on 18th day. This color change was larger than the threshold of color difference discerned by human eyes(ΔE=3.5). Correlation analysis showed that the ΔE values of indicating label were significantly correlated with pH and volatile base nitrogen contents of beef(P

The heat-flow history of the Putumayo Sub-Basin has undergone a long-term and complex evolutionary process from the Late Mesozoic to the Cenozoic due to multiphases of tectonic evolution. The regional geologic background and the forward modeling of paleo-temperature were applied to determine the heat-flow value during different stages ever since the Cretaceous. The heat-flow value was 64 mW/m2 in the Cretaceous, 95 mW/m2 in the Paleocene, 38 mW/m2 at the end of Oligocene, 120 to 190 mW/m2 (increasing from east to west and averaging 155 mW/m2) in the Pliocene, and 55 mW/m2 at present.

To introduce 3D printing technology into the field of radiation source preparation and make up for the lack of precision special-shaped radiation source preparation technology at home and abroad. The photosensitive resin for 133Cs 3D printing was prepared by studying the phase transfer method and detected by ICP-MS to explore the preparation conditions. Then, the photosensitive resin material for 137Cs 3D printing was prepared and detected by lanthanum bromide detector. The results show that the uneven distribution of cesium in three photosensitive resins for 133Cs 3D printing and 137Cs 3D printing prepared by phase transfer method was less than 5%. As a simple and mild method, phase transfer method can be used to prepare photosensitive resin for 3D printing containing cesium, and has certain universality.