Search

In order to explore the differences of microstructure，composition and performances of different fatty acid salt superhydrophobic coatings，three kinds of fatty acid salt superhydrophobic coatings were prepared by electrodeposition on rough surface of TC4 alloy.The microstructure，chemical composition，phase and wettability of such superhydrophobic coatings were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy，X-ray diffraction，X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy，Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle tester.The wear resistance，heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic coatings were investigated by linear friction test，long time heating experiment and electrochemical experiment respectively.Results showed that fatty acid salt coatings obtained by anodic and cathodic deposition both had non-adhesion superhydrophobicity.The surface color and state of the three fatty acid salt coatings were different，but the micromorphology was all ＂cauliflower＂ cluster，and there was an obvious micro nano hierarchical structure.The wear resistance and heat resistance of the three superhydrophobic coatings were different due to different fatty acid salts.Corrosion resistance of three superhydrophobic coatings was better than that of the substrate.CSHS-Cu had the best corrosion resistance.The Jcorr of CSHS-Cu was 1/5 of that of the bare substrate，and its Rct was 25 times that of the bare substrate.

Background Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is a major respiratory support technique for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and carbon dioxide (CO2) retention. However, the obvious dead space in available masks used for NPPV could easily lead to repeated CO2 inhalation, which affects the correction of CO2 retention. Objective To develop a face mask with two channel and constant leakage (TCCL) used for NPPV, and to examine its value in NPPV treatment of AECOPD patients with CO2 retention. Methods Thirty patients with AECOPD and typeⅡ respiratory failure treated with NPPV were recruited from the ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2020 to 2021, and equally randomized into an experimental group (using the TCCL mask) and an control group (using the traditional mask with an exhalation valve on the side for NPPV) . Treatment effectiveness was assessed using arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) monitored at baseline, and at the end of 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours of NPPV treatment as well as 24 hours after NPPV cessation. Results The two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated that treatment time and treatment approach had no interactive effects on PaO2 (P>0.05) . Treatment time produced significant main effects on PaO2 (P0.05) . Treatment time and treatment approach had no interactive effects on PaCO2 (P>0.05) . Treatment time produced significant main effect on PaCO2 (P

As(Ⅲ) is a highly toxic, mobile, and predominant arsenic species in anoxic groundwater.The removal of arsenic in contaminated water by using nanoscale iron particles has received extensive attention. The reduction potential and storage of Zn is lower and easier than that of Fe. Therefore, Zn is considered to be the best choice for the reduction of chlorinated organic compounds. To our knowledge, there is little research on the reduction of arsenic with nanoscale zinc in water. The objectives of this study were to investigate kinetics and impact factors by batch experiments. Pseudo-first-order, second-order kinetics and the intraparticle diffusion model were applied to simulate the sorption process. The sorption process was best fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic with reaction rate constants (k2) of 0.18 g/(mg·min). The adsorption capacity of nanoscale zinc for As(Ⅲ) was 0.47 mg/g. Chemical adsorption is the main mechanism of As(Ⅲ) removal by nanoscale zinc. The shaking time for optimum removal of As(Ⅲ) has been noted as 120 min for nanoscale zinc. The adsorbent dose for nanoscale zinc is 2.5 g/L. Maximum removal of As(Ⅲ) was observed in the pH range of 2-7. Over 99.5% As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) were removed within 120 min in an initial concentration of 0.565 g/L. These results suggest that nanoscale zinc particles can be used for treating As-affected groundwater that contains substantial As(Ⅲ) without preoxidation of As(Ⅲ) to As(Ⅴ). In comparison with traditional methods, the removal of As(Ⅲ) by nanoscale zinc is simple, inexpensive and has a high efficiency for application in water treatment facilities.

As an improvement version of empirical mode decomposition (EMD), local characteristic-scale decomposition (LCD) also has the problem of mode mixing. The noise-assisted methods, such as ensemble EMD (EEMD) and complete EEMD (CEEMD), are effective ways to restrain the mode mixing. However, pseudo-components are easily generated by them and the obtained components sometimes do not meet the definition of IMF. A novel signal processing method called complete ensemble LCD (CELCD) is proposed to resolve mode mixing involved in LCD. Also, the comparisons between CELCD and CEEMD are studied by analyzing simulation signal, and the results indicate that CELCD could effectively restrain the mode mixing of LCD and generate more precise components. The rotor rubbing fault diagnosis verifies the validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variable predictive model based class discriminate ( V P M C D ) is a new class discriminate approach, however, the choice of model type exists subjectivity. Combining the global optimization performance of genetic algorithm ( G A ), a method of fault intelligent diagnosis based on G A and VPMCD is presented to solve the problem of selecting model type in the course of machinery fault diagnosis by using VPMCD. Firstly, multiple weak Variable predictive models ( V P M s ) can be established through samples training. Secondly, after G A is used to optimize the weights matrix of each weak V P M, the optimal weights matrix is obtained. Lastly, optimal weights matrix is exploited to get optimal feature variables predictions by weight fusion for the values, which are predicted by the weak VPMs for the test samples, and fault types are identified according to the minimum error square sum as discrimination function simultaneously. It is demonstrated from the diagnosis experiment of roller bearings that the proposed method of intelligent diagnosis based on G A and VPMCD can improve the accuracy rate and robustness of diagnosis system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variable predictive model based class discriminate (VPMCD) is a new pattern recognition approach, which takes full advantage of the inhere relation between the feature value. The conception of LMD energy moment was presented in this paper. Aimed at the inhere relation between the feature value of roller bearing, combing the LMD energy moment and VPMCD, a novel intelligent fault diagnosis method was proposed. Firstly, the complicated non-stationary original vibration signal was de- composed into a set of product function components. Secondly, correlation analysis method was used to remove pseudo-components and the energy moment of real PF components with signal feature was extracted as eigenvector to express the fault information adequately. Lastly, VPMCD was served as the approach of pattern recognition to identify roller bearing fault type. The simulation results demonstrate the energy moment of PF components can reflect essential feature of non-stationary signal. The analysis results from practical roller bearings fault vibration signal show that the proposed method can be applied to small sample multiple classification intelligent fault diagnosis of roller bearing effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow around propeller is very complex, and the unsteady simulation method costs too much to handle it. To overcome this, actuator disk based on the load distribution of rotating blades simulated by unsteady method is presented. Analysis of the introduction of rotational velocity jump causing the swirl is conducted for the simulation of slipstream. The axial and tangential velocities in the slipstream simulated using actuator disk model agree well with the time-averaged results from unsteady simulation. Additionally, the actuator disk theory cuts down the simulation time, which is appreciated in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims at exploring Kant's rich thought on human being through analyzing his moral philosophy. From my point of view, the key of Kant's hominology (i. e. philosophy of human being) is the principle of sovereign virtue. It seems that Kant unifies the sovereign virtue, practical reason, and free will by means of autonomy originated from practical reason. Furthermore, Kant offers the categorical imperative, that is, "use humanity always as an end", for every rational being. In a word, Kant's hominology, characterized as sovereign virtue, is based on practical reason and intends to realize human freedom. Finite rational being (namely, human being), therefore, becomes self-determined in the realm of moral kingdom. In this regard, the spirit of the western enlightenment is finally actualized in Kant's hominology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Base on Timoshenko beam and higher-order shear deformation theory, the effects of shear deformation and piezo-electric-elastic coupling are considered. The beam is divided into different regions in order to describe the different sizes and positions of the delamination easily. The governing equations for the flexural wave propagation in the beam are derived based on Timoshenko beam theory. According to the potential distributing simplification for the long wave propagation, the harmonic response of the cantilever beams without the additional potential is gained. The dispersion relations and the closed solution of the displacements and the potentials are obtained. The influence of delamination parameters on displacements and potentials is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) such as benzene, toluene, and xylene are important anthropogenic pollutants in the urban atmosphere. The detection of urinary MAH metabolites are included in human biomonitoring programs in several countries, including Canada, the United States, Italy, and Germany, because their evaluation is vital to monitor the exposure of humans to MAHs. To this end, herein, a method was developed for the determination of seven MAH metabolites through ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). An aliquot of 0.5 mL urine was fortified with an isotopic labeled internal standard solution before being hydrolyzed by 40 μL of 6 mol/L HCl solution, followed by extraction using a 96-well EVOLUTE ® EXPRESS ABN solid-phase extraction plate. The samples were washed with 1.0 mL of methanol-water (10∶90, v/v) and eluted with 1.0 mL methanol. The eluate was diluted four times with water prior to use in instrumental analysis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase A and methanol as mobile phase B. The detection of seven analytes was performed using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a negative electrospray ionization source in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The linear ranges of the seven analytes varied from 0.1-20 μg/L to 2.5-500 mg/L, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The method detection limits were 1.5, 0.02, 0.1, 900, 0.6, and 4 μg/L for trans , trans -muconic acid (MU), S -phenylmercapturic acid (PMA), S -benzylmercapturic acid (BMA), hippuric acid (HA), 2-methyl hippuric acid (2MHA), and 3-methyl hippuric acid (3MHA)+4-methyl hippuric acid (4MHA), respectively. The limits of quantification were 5, 0.05, 0.4, 3000, 2, and 12 μg/L for MU, PMA, BMA, HA, 2MHA, and 3MHA+4MHA, respectively. The method was verified by spiking urine samples at three different concentration levels, with recovery rates ranging from 84% to 123%. The intra- and inter-day precisions were 1.8%-8.6% and 1.9%-21.4%, respectively. The extraction efficiencies were 68%-99%, and the matrix effects ranged from -11% to -87%. The urine samples obtained from the German external quality assessment scheme (round 65) were used to assess the accuracy of this method. Both high and low concentrations of MU, PMA, HA, and methyl hippuric acid were within the tolerance range. All analytes in the urine samples were found to be stable for up to seven days at room temperature (20 ℃, absence of light), with less than 15% change in concentration. Analytes in urine samples were found to be stable for at least 42 d at 4 ℃ and -20 ℃, or for six freeze-thaw cycles and up to 72 h in an autosampler (8 ℃). The method was applied to the analysis of 16 non-smokers' and 16 smokers' urine samples. The detection rates of MU, BMA, HA, and 2MHA were 100% in both non-smokers' and smokers' urine samples. PMA was detected in 75% non-smokers' and 100% smokers' urine samples. 3MHA+4MHA was detected in 81% non-smokers' urine and in all smokers' urine samples. Statistical differences were found for MU, PMA, 2MHA, and 3MHA+4MHA between the two groups ( p <0.001). The established method has good robustness and can provide reliable results. The experiments were carried out in a high-throughput manner with large sample sizes, owing to the small sample volume, and allowed the successful detection of the seven MAH metabolites in human urine.

CNKI, PubMed and other databases were retrieved to extract eligible randomized controlled trial(RCT) about modified Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction(MXZD) combined with Western medicine(trial group) versus Western medicine alone(control group) in the treatment of leiomyoma. Therefore, a total of 25 RCTs were included, involving 2 328 patients. Bias risk evaluation tool in Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 was used for evaluating the quality of these RCTs. Meta-analysis was performed for the reported indicators, including total efficiency, serum hormone level [progesterone(P), luteinizing hormone(LH), estradiol(E&#95;2), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)], uterine size, fibroids size and adverse reactions by using Stata 14.0 software. Meta-analysis showed that the total efficiency(RR=1.21,95%CI[1.17,1.25],P&lt;0.05) of trial group was better than that of control group. Serum hormone level(WMD&#95;P=-3.86,95%CI[-4.31,-3.41],P&lt;0.05; WMD&#95;(LH)=-3.64,95%CI[-4.47,-2.82],P&lt;0.05; WMD&#95;(E&#95;2)=-39.99,95%CI[-53.45,-26.52],P&lt;0.05; WMD&#95;(FSH)=-3.79,95%CI[-4.86,-2.72],P&lt;0.05), uterine size(WMD=-50.02,95%CI[-55.98,-44.06],P&lt;0.05), fibroids size(WMD=-15.79,95%CI[-18.11,-13.46],P&lt;0.05) and adverse reactions(RR=0.65,95%CI[0.48,0.88],P&lt;0.05) of trial group were all lower than those of control group, with statistical significances. Trial sequential analysis(TSA) was performed by using TSA 0.9 software, and showed a reliable therapeutic effect of the experimental group. In short, our study indicated that modified Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with Western medicine had a better therapeutic effect on leiomyoma than Western medicine alone, but more high-quality studies are needed to verify this conclusion in the future.

Objective: To explore the preventing infection measures of new coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) patients during mechanical ventilation, and to provide reference for the safe application of mechanical ventilation., Methods: Retrieved from PubMed, Ovid and other databases, and combined with the application experience of mechanical ventilation were collected to explore the preventing infection measures of COVID-19 patients during mechanical ventilation., Results: This paper put forward the preventing infection measures of external circuit, internal circuit, outer surface, filter and special parts in ventilator. The preventing infection measures of sputum suction and nebulization were summarized., Conclusions: The preventing infection measures of COVID-19 patients during mechanical ventilation are successfully completed, which can provide suggestions for the application and maintenance of mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of plasma exchange and tocilizumab in treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., Methods: Six patients with severe COVID-19 admitted in First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 25 to February 25, 2020. Three patients were treated with plasma exchange and three patients were treated with tocilizumab. The effect on excessive inflammatory reaction of plasma exchange and tocilizumab was observed., Results: The C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased and the lymphocyte and prothrombin time were improved in 3 patients after treatment with plasma exchange; while inflammation level was not significantly decreased, and lymphocyte and prothrombin time did not improve in 3 patients treated with tocilizumab., Conclusions: For severe COVID-19 patients with strong inflammatory reaction, plasma exchange may be preferred.

Objective To detect the phenotypic conversion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through analyzing the expression levels of the polarization-related genes. Methods We identified the spontaneous breast cancer mice by genotyping and characterized them into the early stage and the advanced stage groups according to their tumor size. Single cell suspension of the tumor tissues were obtained by mechanical methods and TAMs of different stages were sorted by flow cytometry. We measured the mRNA levels of M1 macrophages-related genes IL-1β, IL-27, IL-6, CD80, CD86 and M2 macrophages-related genes arginase 1 (Arg1), IL-10, interleukin 4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), macrophage mannose receptor 1 (Mrc1), chitinase-like 3 (Chil3/Ym1) by real-time quantitative PCR in order to analyze the phenotypic conversion of TAMs during the tumor progression. Results In the early stage, TAMs expressed high levels of M1-related genes, such as IL-1β, CD80, CD86. On the contrary, TAMs of advanced stage expressed high levels of M2-related genes, including Arg1, IL-10, IL-4Rα as well as IL-6. Conclusion Phenotypic conversion of TAMs is present in tumor progression, and targeting the phenotypes of TAMs may provide potential therapies for breast cancer.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infectious disease. At present, Western medicine is mainly treated with antibiotics. However, the situation of antibiotics abuse is so grim that the potential risks such as the imbalance of bacteria, the resistance of bacteria, the production of super bacteria and the increase of adverse reactions are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, it is urgent to find a way to supplement or substitute antibiotics for the treatment of this disease. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of the disease is effective and has its unique advantages. This paper mainly discusses the advantages and evidences of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease, to further prove the effectiveness and safety of TCM treatment and to provide medical evidence of reducing antibiotics use., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

The six groups of fault gouge samples were collected in different middle-sections from the underground mine of the Weilasituo zinc-copper polymetallic deposit, Inner Mongolia. The samples were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and near infrared spectrum (NIR)to explore the mineral composition features of the fault gouges and their relationship with mineralization. The results are as follows: (1) The fault gouge samples contain the clay minerals which were formed in the low temperature alteration (such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, dickite, chlorite etc.), the alteration minerals in the medium temperature or high temperature hydrothermal environment (such as graphite, black mica, pyrophyllite, barite, serpentine, tremolite, actinolite etc.), and also the mineral compositions which were closely related to mineralization (such as copper-zinc oxide, copper-vanadium-chloride, azurite, bornite etc.). (2) The mineral compositions of the fault gouge from different depth are different. Shallow earth’s surface is mainly consisted of the low metamorphic minerals, and deep underground is mainly consisted of the high metamorphic minerals. (3) The mineral composition, mineral genesis and law of development of evolution of fault gouges suggest that, they were formed in the ore and metallogenic tectonic hydrothermal activity period, and had experienced the supergene oxidation later. (4) Through the analysis of the mineral compositions and alteration mineral assemblage characteristics of the fault gouges we can speculate that, the ore deposit was formed in medium-high temperature hydrothermal environment which had experienced the process of silicide, kaolinite, chloritization, hotaru petrochemical and sericitization alteration. Therefore, the analysis of the mineral compositions and mineral assemblage characteristics of the fault gouges,not only have certain practical significance for prospecting, but also can provide important reference information to study the genesis of the deposit.

Take the cores and surface weathered soil from the Cretaceous red beds in the western of Dongshengmiao mine of Inner Mongolia and analysis with near-infrared spectroscopy. The result shows that near-infrared spectroscopy can identify mineral quickly through the characteristic absorption peaks of each group. The Cretaceous red beds in the western of Dongshengmiao mine is argillaceous cementation, it is mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, montmorillonite, illite, chlorite, muscovite etc, the mineral composition is mainly affected by the upstream source area. The clay mineral like montmorillonite water swelling and uneven drying shrinkage expands the original crack and creates new cracks, reduces its strength, which is the mainly reason of its disintegration. According to the composition of clay mineral, we speculate its weathering process is mainly physical weathering, the climate during the weathering is cold and dry. The results can not only improve the geological feature of the mining area, but also show that the near-infrared spectroscopy technology can analyze the mineral composition of soil and rock effectively on the basis of Mineral spectroscopy, which demonstrates the feasibility of the near-infrared spectroscopy can analyze minerals in soil and rock quickly, that shows the feasibility in geology study, provides new ideas for the future research of soil and rock.

Objective: To study the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics (PA) in totally percutaneous aortic endovascular repair (PEVAR) in the catheterization laboratory for reducing stent-graft infection and postimplantation syndrome (PIS)., Methods: The clinical data were analyzed of patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repairs. The patients were divided into non-PA group and PA group according to the use of prophylactic antibiotics before PEVAR. The diagnosis of infection was made by two senior physicians with reference to Hospital Acquired Infection Diagnostic Criteria Assessment released by the Ministry of Health of China., Results: The 95 enrolled patients included 35 with PA and 60 without PA group, who were comparable for baseline characteristics. Infection-related deaths occurred in 1 case in non-PA group and retrograde Stanford type A dissection and death occurred in 1 case in PA group (1.67% vs 2.85%, P=1.00). The PA and non-PA groups showed no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection (5% vs 2.86%, P=1.000), hospital stay (9.30±7.21 vs 10.06±5.69, P=0.094), infection-related mortality (1.67% vs 0%, P=1.00), or postoperative fever (70.90% vs 91.43%, P=0.20). The body temperature showed significant variations at different time points after procedure (F=19.831, P<0.001) irrelevant to the use of prophylactic antibiotics (F=0.978, P=0.326)., Conclusion: The current data do not support the benefit of PA in reducing postoperative infection and PIS in patients undergoing PEVAR, but the patients without PA may have worse clinical outcomes in the event of postoperative infections.

Objective: To explore the relationship among brain routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion weight imaging (DWI), and parameters of portal hypertension of cirrhosis patients., Methods: Two hundred and seventy-five patients with cirrhosis underwent routine MRI exams were analyzed retrospectively. Signal intensities of putamen and globus pallidus (GP) were measured on T1WI to compute globus pallidus index (GPI). In apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images, regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on the white matter of parietal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, caudate head, putamen, GP, and thalamus to get ADC values of each location. In abdomen CT images, liver areas of all slices were drawn to multiply slice thickness to get liver volumes, and maximum portal venous caliber and portosystemic shunting collateral caliber were recorded. Independent-samples t test was performed to explore the significance of GPI between GP hyperintensity group and GP non-hyperintensity group, as well as between cirrhosis groups underwent 1.5T and 3.0T MR exams. One-way ANOVA test was performed to evaluate differences among Child-Pugh classes. The difference between baseline and follow-up MR exams were compared with paired-samples t test. Pearson correlation test was performed to explore the relationships among GPI, ADC values, parameters of portal hypertension, and venous blood ammonia levels. Spearman rank correlation test was performed to explore the relationships among GPI, ADC values, and Child-Pugh classes., Results: (1) The GPI in GP hyperintensity group was significantly higher than GP non-hyperintensity group (0.128 ± 0.031 vs 0.057 ± 0.021, t = 22.244, P < 0.01). The ADC values and venous blood ammonia levels showed no significant difference between two groups. GP hyperintensity group showed larger portal venous and collateral calibers than GP non-hyperintensity group ( (18 ± 4)mm vs (17 ± 3) mm, (10 ± 6) mm vs (6 ± 4) mm, t was 2.816 and 5.048 respectively; P was 0.005 and <0.01 respectively). GP hyperintensity group showed less liver volumes than the other group ( (1 113 ± 445)ml vs (14 443 ± 698)ml, t = -4.280, P < 0.01). Child-Pugh classes showed no significant difference among each other (all P > 0.05). (2) The GPI of 1.5T and 3.0T exams showed significant difference between each other (t = -5.15, P < 0.01). Short-term follow-up patients showed no significant difference of GPI between two exams (t = -0.271, P = 0.788). (3) GPI showed negative correlation with liver volumes of cirrhosis patients (r = -0.240;P < 0.01), and GPI positively correlated with portal venous calibers and portosystemic shunting collateral calibers (r = 0.296, 0.355; both P < 0.01). ADC values of parietal lobe, frontal lobe, caudate head, GP, and occipital lobe positively correlated with GPI (r = 0.309, 0.156, 0.174, 0.155, 0.185; all P < 0.05). ADC values of parietal lobe positively correlated with portal venous calibers (r = 0.187, P = 0.025), ADC values of other locations showed no significant correlation with parameters of portal hypertension (all P > 0.05). GPI and thalamus ADC values showed positive correlation with Child-Pugh classes (r = 0.195 and 0.217; both P < 0.05), ADC values of other locations showed no significant correlation with Child-Pugh classes (all P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The GPI of cirrhosis patients was correlated with severity of portal hypertension, and showed significant correlation with ADC values, while ADC values had no relationship with portal hypertension. Besides, venous blood ammonia values and Child-Pugh classes have little effect on GPI and ADC values.

Through modern near infrared spectrum, the authors analyzed the yellow soil from the rupture zone located in Ping- tong town,Pingwu, Sichuan province. By rapid identification of the characteristic of peak absorption of mineral particles, the result shows that the soil samples mainly composed of calcite, dolomite, muscovite, sericite, illite, smectite; talc, tremolite, actinolite, chlorite, etc. And the mineral compositions of the soil is basically the same with the yellow soil in Sichuan region. By analyzing and comparing it was revealed that part of mineral compositions of the soil are in accordance with the characteristics of the rock mineral compositions below the rupture zone, indicating that part of the minerals of the soil's evolution is closely related to the rock compositions in this area; and the compositions of the clay mineral in the rupture zone is similar to the Ma Lan loess in the north of China, so it is presumed that the clay minerals in these two kinds of soil have the same genetic type. The characteristic of the mineral composition of the soil is in accordance with evolution characteristics of the rocks which is bellow the rupture zone, also it was demonstrated that the results of soil minerals near-infrared analysis can effectively analyze the mineral particles in the soil and indicate the pedogenic environment. Therefore, the result shows the feasibility of adopting modern near-infrared spectrum for rapid analysis of mineral particles of the soil and research of geology. Meanwhile, the results can be the foundation of this region's soil mineral analysis, and also provide new ideas and methods for the future research of soil minerals and the earthquake rupture zone.

The soil samples uniformly overlying the Bairendaba deposit of the Inner Mongolia grassland were collected, and ana- lyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and near infrared spectrum (NIR), for exploring the origins of the soil from the, grassland mining area and the relationship with the underground rock. The results show that the samp]s consist of quartz, graphite, carbonate, hornblende, mica, chlorite, montmorillonite, illite, berlinite, diaspore, azurite, hen tite, etc. These indicate that the soil samples were not only from the weathering products of the surface rock, but also from the underground rock mass and the alteration of the wall rock. The azurite and the hematite contained in the soil, mainly coming from the oxidation zone of the orebodies, can be used as the prospecting marks. The alteration mineral assemblage is mainly chlorite-illite-montmorillonite and it experienced the alteration process of potassic alteration-->silicification-->carbonatization-->silk greisenization-->clayization. Also, the wall rock alteration and the physical weathering processes can be accurately restored by analyzing the combination of the alteration minerals, which can provide important reference information for the deep ore prospecting and the ore deposit genesis study, improving the rate of the prospecting. The XRD and NIR with the characteristics of the economy and quickness can be used for the identification of mineral composition of soil, and in the study of mineral and mineral deposits. Especially, NIR has its unique superiority, that is, its sample request is low, and it can analyze a batch of samples quickly. With the development of INR, it will be more and more widely applied in geological field, and can play an important role in the ore exploration.

Wenchuan earthquake produced a series of co-seismic surface ruptures in Leigu and Zhaojiagou, and we collected samples of co-seismic fault gouge in the surface ruptures as well as the old gouge in the fault of Nanba. Testing The new and old fault gouge was tested with X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectra, and its characteristics such as mineral compositions, clay mineral contents and combinations were comprehensively analyzed. The results display obvious differences between the new and old fault gouge, showing that the old fault gouge is mainly composed of wall rock debris or milled powders, while the main components of new fault gouge are clay minerals. The assemblage of clay minerals composition shows that the environment of the fault activity was mainly warm and humid, and the clay minerals were mainly transformed by low temperature and low pressure dynamic metamorphism. And this also partly indicates that the latest way of the fault activity in this area may be a creeping. However the previous researches on the fault gouge of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone are mainly focused on its mechanical properties as well as its texture and structure, the research in this paper is to determine the physical and chemical environment of fault activity through the mineral compositions and clay mineral contents in the fault gouge characteristics, and this research has important scientific significance to the researches on the evolution of the fault environment and the activity mechanism of the earthquake.

Objective: To explore the Kidney-tonifying and abortion preventing effect of Shou Tai Wan (STW) by different extration methods on the SD Rats' abortion model., Methods: Applied hydroxycarbamide and mifepristone (RU-486) to establish the abortion model of corpus luteum inhibition due to Kidney deficiency (disease-syndorme combination model) on SD, rats. Treated the model rats with STW formula. Observed the uterus condition and recorded the embryo number and the miscarriage rate of each rat. 4 kinds of extractions including water extract of STW (A liquid), alcohol extract of STW (B liquid), after the ethanol water extract residue of STW (C liquid) and B + C liquid. Visual observed the uterine lesions embryos and calculated obortion rate. Used chemluninescence methed to cheek the serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) level. Used quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to analyze the different of the PR mRNR between the model group and the treated group., Results: Compared with the model group, the abortion rate of B + C liquid was greatly deduced and the embryo number of B + C liquid group, the E2 and P levels were obviously increased in the treated groups., Conclusion: STW (B + C) has the best effect of tonifying the kidney and preventing abortion.

As one of the fluorescent molecules with high quantum yield, rhodamine was often chosen as the mother molecule in the synthesis of metal ion fluorescence chemosensor. The present paper reviews the applications of rhodamine fluorescence chemosensors in the analysis of heavy metal ions and transition metal ions including the response mechanism, the kinds of targeted ion, scope of application and corresponding detection limit. In addition, the existing challenges and future development directions in the research of rhodamine-based metal ion fluorescence chemosensor are discussed.

HX straight-wire appliance (HX-SWA) is designed and adjusted by doctors of Orthodontic Department, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University. It is a set of appliance that is constructed according to normal occlusion features of the Chinese people, including the prescription of tip, torque, in/out, counter-tip, counter-rotation and overcorrection in brackets and buccal tubes. Some ingredients of the appliance are different from that of the most popular Roth straight-wire appliance in the world wide. Over a period of the last 10 years, doctors in our hospital kept on summarizing treatment experience with HX-SWA, which will help more doctors promote practice and results in orthodontic clinic.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the maximum binding (Bmax) and affinity Kd value changes of acetylcholine receptor (n-AchR) on rat's superficial masseter muscles after functional mandibular advancement., Methods: Forty 5-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The mimic functional appliances were only used in experimental groups, and the rats of two groups were killed after 1, 3, 7, 14 days. Radio-ligand binding assay (RBA) was applied to determine the Bmax and Kd value of n-AchR on the superficial masseter muscles., Results: The Bmax of n-AchR in experimental groups was higher than that in the control groups at all time points, and the differences had statistical significance. The Kd value of n-AchR was higher in experimental group than that in control groups in 1, 3, 7 days, while Kd value in experimental group of n-AchR was lower than that in control groups in 14 days. The differences had statistical significance in 7 and 14 days, but the differences had no statistical significance in 1 and 3 days., Conclusion: The functional orthopedics can increase the Bmax and affinity of n-AchR on rapid growing rat's superficial masseter muscles.

Objective: Tooth eruption requires the presence of the dental follicle (DF) around the unerupted tooth. This study is to investigate programmed cell death on human dental follicle cells and changes of programmed cell death under different hydrostatic pressures: 0, 50 and 100 kPa., Methods: Human dental follicles from third mandibular molars were surgically removed from adolescents who need for orthodontics treatment after informed content, then trypsinized and cultured. Human dental follicle cells were divided into three groups according to different hydrostatic pressures: 0, 50 and 100 kPa and their programmed cell death were labeled by using TdT-medi-ated-dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL)., Results: Dental follicle cells cultured were elongate shape and exhibited fibroblastic characteristics. Compared with 0 kPa, programmed cell death cells on human dental follicle cells were increased 0.23% and 31.65% under 50 kPa and 100 kPa hydrostatic pressures respectively. 100 kPa group increased significantly (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: It suggested that programmed cell death occured in human dental follicle cells cultured in vitro and was influenced by different hydrostatic pressures. Hydrostatic pressure may improve tooth erup-tion through dental follicle.

Objective: To explore the neuroprotective effect of electroacupuncture therapy on damaged cholinergic neurons in hippocampus in aged rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD)., Methods: Thirty six aged male rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham-operated group, untreated group and electroacupuncture group. Animal model of AD was established with fimbria-fornix transection. The rats in the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture on Baihui (DU 20), Yongquan (KI 1), Taixi (KI 3) and Xuehai (SP10). The activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in septal area of brain was detected by radioimmunoassay, and the protein expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and c-fos in CA3 region of hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemical assay., Results: The ChAT activity and the expression levels of NGF and c-fos proteins in the electroacupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the untreated group., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture therapy can protect cholinergic neurons in hippocampus in aged rats with AD by means of promoting synthesis of c-fos protein and increasing the expression level of NGF.

Objective: To investigate the effects of substance P on cultured rat osteoclasts., Methods: Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor expression in osteoclasts was examined by immunohitochemical method, and changes of bone resorption activity caused by substance P and NK1 receptor antagonists were detected by pit formation assay., Results: Immunoreactivity for NK1 receptor was distributed in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts. The average of pit formation areas significantly increased with addition of substance P (10(-7)-10(-4) mol/L) (P < 0.05), but the number of pitformations did not change (P > 0.05). NK1 receptor antagonists inhibited the enhancement of the bone resorption by substance P addition., Conclusion: The findings suggested that substance P may stimulate osteoclasts and result in bone resorption by the mediation of NK1 receptor.

Objective: To probe the effect of Zuogui pill (ZGP), a Chinese compound recipe for tonifying Shen, on ovarian function in mice with premature ovarian failure (POF)., Methods: BALB/C female mice model of POF was established by multiple sites subcutaneous injection of ovarian antigen elicited with ovarian tissue of SD female rats, and treated with ZGP at different time points in the modeling, with prednisone as positive control. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) in peripheral blood were measured with radioimmunoassay, and ovarian antibody (AoAb) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of ovarian growth and differentiation factor-9 was detected with in situ hybridization., Results: POF model mice manifested such abnormalities as increased FSH, decreased E2, and positive AoAb in peripheral blood, with lymphocytes infiltration in ovarian mesanchyma, reduction of GDF-9 mRNA positive oocytes, and decrease of growing and mature follicles. ZGP could reduce the increase of FSH, increase the level of E2, inhibit the production of AoAb, raise the GDF-9 mRNA positive cells of oocytes, increase the number of growing and mature follicles. The clinical efficacy was more significant in early stage than in advanced stage., Conclusion: ZGP can improve immune inflammatory injury of ovary, and shows therapeutic effect on POF.

Objective: To investgate whether the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) depended on the stage of osteoblastic differentiation from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC)., Methods: BMSC (4 passage) were selected for osteogenic differentiation by treated with osteogenic supplements (OS). Cells were harvested by day 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 respectively after osteogenic inducement. In each experiment, control and OS-treated cells were processed in parallel. ODF and ICAM-1 mRNA were analyzed by semiquantitave RT-PCR assay., Results: Expression of ODF was enhanced with osteogenic differentiation guadully. whereas, expression of ICAM-1 was activated at OS-treated day 6, then keeping at a stable level., Conclusion: This study indicated that BMSC undergoing osteogenic inducement was an ideal model for studying the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. During the early stage of differentiation along osteoblasts from stem cells to osteocytes, BMSC or osteoprogenitor react somewhat differently from osteoblasts, suggesting the ability of osteoblasts to regulating differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts have been improved with osteogenic culture.

Objective: To study the bracket placement and arch wire bending based on ethnic differences and individual differences of normal occlusion., Methods: The prominence, tip, torque, upper first molar offset of crown and arch form between Chinese and Caucasian normal occlusion were compared., Results: The results showed the ethnic differences of prominence, tip, torque, upper first molar offset of crown and arch form between Chinese and Caucasian normal occlusion. The placement of bracket was influenced by the crown morphology., Conclusion: The adjustments of the bracket placement and arch wire bending with Edgewise and pre-adjusted appliance are necessary to adapt to ethnic difference and individual difference.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the pendulum appliance in treating dental Class II patients with various vertical growth patterns., Methods: The samples (n = 30) were divided into three groups equally based on their FMA. Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were taken to measure the changes., Results: The amount of upper molar distalization in the low-angle group was the fewest, and that in the high-angle group was the most. Upper molars had been intruded insignificantly. The amount of anchorage loss at the first premolars and overjet increased at incisors was different in the three groups. The biggest change happened in the low-angle group, and the smallest in the high-angle group., Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pendulum appliance could move the upper molars distally in a short period of time. The upper molars in different groups were intruded insignificantly. Pendulum appliance could be used to move the upper molars distally in high-angle cases.

Objective: To study the effect of growth hormone (GH) on the proliferation and type II collagen secretion of chondrocytes of mandibular condyle in rabbit in vitro., Methods: Flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemical technique were employed to observe the possible changes., Results: (1) The exogenic GH can enhance the proliferation and synthesis of DNA of the chondrocytes of mandibular condyle in rabbit in vitro. The suitable concentration of GH is 10 microg/ml. The synthesis of DNA reaches the highest level after 12 hours, while the proliferation index (PI) hits the highest after 24 hours. (2) GH (10 microg/ml) can stimulate the secretion of type II collagen of the chondrocytes., Conclusion: The exogenic GH can enhance the proliferation, the synthesis of DNA and the secretion of type II collagen of the chondrocytes of mandibular condyle in rabbit in vitro.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of stretch on sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPases activity and mRNA level and study the remodeling reaction of muscle in a variety of mechanical environments., Methods: Myoblast from maxillofacial skeletal muscle of one-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rat was cultured and stretched cyclicly using a four-point bend device. Inorganic Phosphorus test was used to compare the activity of Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPases of myoblast before and after stretch. RT-PCR was also used to observe the Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPases mRNA level., Results: The activity of Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPases of myoblast down regulated significantly in 4 hours. During the period of 8 hours to 24 hours, up-regulation followed then returned to control level at the 48 hour point. RT-PCR showed that Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPases mRNA level were elevated by stretch, particularly at 2 hour and 48 hour point., Conclusion: The results suggested a transcriptional control of Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPases activity was involved in the muscle remodeling process induced by stretch.

Objective: To find the characteristic of the stress distribution in the periodontal tissue during maxillary canine distal translation., Methods: The model was implemented numerically by means of the 3-dimensional finite element method (FEM) and was used to simulate orthodontic tooth translation movements. The finite element model was loaded with defined force systems. And the stresses at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of loaded distal force and moment in maxillary canine were calculated., Results: During the whole distal translation of canine, 1. the stress in alveolar bone was higher than that in peridontal ligament; 2. the stresses in the cervical region were higher than those in the apical region of the alveolar bone and periodontal tissues; 3. the stresses in the cervical, medium and apical regions of periodontal tissue were on the decline, and the stress in cervical region declined faster than that in apical region. On the 21st day the stresses in the cervical, medium and apical regions were similar., Conclusion: The 3-D FEM analysis revealed that alveolar bone loss could be most likely to happen during the initial stage of the tooth movement, and the data from this study mihgt be helpful to orthodontists in selecting an appropriate device of force systems to control the initial loading during orthodontic treatment.

At present, a point that cell biologists and medicine scientists focus their close attention on is the mechanisms of cell proliferation and carceration. Breast cancer, one of the frequently occurring cancers, is often been studied intensively. Centromere constitutive molecules, related to various regulatory factors, play an important role in cell proliferation check point regulation. Cell cycle engine molecules, oncogenes, anti-oncogenes and other molecules conform a cell proliferation network. The basic courses of all tumors are associated to this network. However, there are still many problems to be resolved in the analyses of cancer related genes which cause tumors and tumor gene markers. In the current study, using Northern blot, 31 samples of breast cancer tissues and their normal (not cancerous) tissues a little far away from them in the same individuals showed that, in the majority of the tests (87.1%), the mRNA of centromere protein CenpB over expressed in breast cancer tissues, and moreover, tissue in situ hybridization also revealed that all of the CenpB-over-expressed cancer tissues, having identified with Northern blot, over expressed CenpB mRNA. Analyzing the same samples by means of Western blot, the result was highly consistent to the studies in the RNA level. A conclusion was drawn that the over expression of CenpB gene probably relates to malignant cell proliferation in breast gland. It has been testified by researchers that a few of CenpB homogenous proteins are co-operative, the loss of their genes resulting in chromosomes' separating abnormally and cell growth's slowing down. Having transfected HeLa (Tet-Off) cells with anti-sense Cenp in a previous experiment, we ever got a result that cellular duplicating time was prolonged for another 32.8 h, and together with the inhibition of centromere assembly, the mitotic index dropped sharply. In another research, we drew a conclusion that CenpG may be related to cancer, and its differential expressing probably relates to malignant cell proliferation. Combined with these researches, the results obtained from the current study are beneficial to further recognition of the mechanism of cancer.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of Testosterone in the condylar cartilage of rapid growing rats., Methods: The mimic functional appliances were used in experiment groups and rats were killed after 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of T., Results: T was expressed throughout the condylar cartilage. The Highest expressions were in mature layers of both experiment and control groups. Along with the maturation, the expressions of T in the condylar cartilage were changed respectively, and the immunostain levels in the mature layer of experiment groups 2 and 3 weeks were higher than those of control groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: 1. T is a member of cartilage growth and development control system. 2. The orthopedic mechanism of functional appliance may be conducted by T.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between dentine phosphoprotein (DPP) and remineralization of demineralized dentine., Methods: (1) Soluble DPP was extracted with 1 mol/L NaCl from demineralized dentine and was evaluated. (2) Soluble DPP was removed with 0.1 mol/L NaCl or was not removed from demineralized dentine sections in human tooth roots. Then all sections were subjected to remineralization treatment, and remineralization degrees were compared by atomic absorption spectrum, SEM and microradiography., Results: (1) Soluble DPP was extracted with 1 mol/L NaCl. (2) Removal of soluble DPP resulted in significantly lower calcium concentration in remineralization solution (P < 0.01), less mean light-absorbed value in demineralized dentin sections by microradiography (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Soluble DPP may have an inhibiting effect on remineralization of demineralized dentine, this study suggests that the remove of soluble DPP from root caries lesions may enhance their remineralization potential.

Objective: To investigate the effect of dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) in inducing dentinal mineralization., Methods: Human DPP was combined with EAH-Sepharose 4B beads and its function of inducing mineralization was studied in mineralization system in-vitro. The mineral formed on the surface of the beads was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and plasma emission spectrum., Results: There was mineral formed on the beads with combined DPP and the mineral was calcium phosphates whose ratio of calcium to phosphate was 1.33. The diffractogram of the formed mineral was more similar to hydroxyapatite than to other calcium phosphates., Conclusion: When tightly combined with certain support substance, human DPP can induce mineralization.