Search

Copyright of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background After being completely promoted for less than seven years, China's contracted family doctor service work still faces a number of development problems. The primary obstacle impeding the work of contracted family doctor service is an inadequate guarantee mechanism. There is an urgent need for scientific and reasonable policies on contracted family doctor service to guarantee the effective development of the work. Objective To quantitatively analyze the textual content of China's contracted family doctor service policies, to explore the focus and shortcomings of the existing policies, and to provide the basis and reference for the development and optimization of the subsequent contracted family doctor service policies. Methods Policy texts were collected by visiting the official websites of the China government and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China on 2023-01-10, and 15 policy texts on contracted family doctor service from 2015—2022 were selected to construct a three-dimensional analytical framework of policy tools-stakeholders-policy strength, to categorize, code, and analyze the policy documents. Results Supply-based, demand-based, and environment-based tools accounted for 30.5% (69/226), 19.0% (43/226), and 50.5% (114/226) of the policy tool dimension. Family doctors, contractors, non-contractors, primary medical and health care institutions, hospitals (secondary and above), and the government accounted for 29.2% (123/422), 14.7% (62/422), 9.2% (39/422), 21.3% (90/422), 13.3% (56/422), and 12.3% (52/422) of the stakeholder dimension. The average strength of China's contracted family doctor service policies was 2.2 points. In the cross-dimension of policy tools-stakeholders, the distribution of stakeholders in supply-based and environment-based tools was relatively poor. There were some sub-tools that were absent from the policy tools. In the cross-dimension of policy tools-policy strength, environment-oriented policy instruments were used more often as policy strength increased. In the cross-dimension of stakeholders-policy strength, there were large differences of the policy strength matching scores among various stakeholders. Family doctors had the highest score (311 points) with non-contractors the lowest score (90 points) . Conclusion From the perspective of policy tools, policy tools should be allocated rationally, with the weight of use continuously adjusted, the internal structure optimized, and the rationality of the distribution of policy tools among stakeholders improved. From the stakeholder's perspective, all stakeholders should be taken into account, their respective positions need to be clarified, and the demand of the non-contractors should be emphasized. From the perspective of policy strength, the policy supervision and management capacity ought to be strengthened to continuously improve the implementation of the policy of contracted family doctor service.

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The land issue is the central issue of social and economic development, and it is of far-reaching significance to explore the development logic and evolution trend of land policy to promote socialist modernization. In order to systematically sort out and examine the origin and research process of land policy-related research results, and explore the hotspots and development trends of policy research, the relevant domestic literatures collected by CNKI from 1992 to 2024 were used as the data source, and the visual analysis softwares of CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analyze and process, and the knowledge graph of core authors and research institutions was drawn, and the relevant research hotspots and development trends were revealed through the co-occurrence, clustering, and emergence of key words. The results show that ① from the overall trend, the research process of land policy has gone through a period of initial exploration, vigorous development, moderate fluctuation, and steady development; the research results have continued to grow, and the research content and disciplines have shown diversified development; ② the relevant research authors and institutions are led by the core, showing a radiating driving effect, and the cooperation between the core authors and research institutions is relatively close; ③ the research hotspots focus on institutional reform, urban-rural integration, rural revitalization, etc., which are reflected in the driving effect, influence, and collaborative innovation generated by implementation, reflecting the current policy orientation and urgent problems to be solved.In summary, the research on land policy in China has shown a trend of “rural reform→urbanization→urban-rural integration”.In the future, the evaluation of land policy effectiveness and response mechanism, the research on system reform and efficient allocation of land resources, and the research on sustainable intensification and high-level protection of cultivated land should be paid attention to, so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth population in recent years has become a hot topic of interest in society and academia, including related maternal and child issues such as birth population, population structure, maternal and child care. Based on policy tools and policy - related two - dimensional framework perspective of maternal and child policy text analysis and research, this article conducted an in-depth analysis of the text of maternal and child policy since the implementation of the multi-child policy and summarized the development patterns of maternal and child policies. The results indicated some problems in the field of maternal and child policy field, such as an imbalance in the use of policy tools, a need to optimize the structure of sub-tools, and the strength of policy stakeholders that have yet to be explored. Therefore, in the process of formulating maternal and child health policies, we should pay attention to the external characteristics of the policies, optimize the use structure of policy tools, and give full play to the synergistic role of policy stakeholders, therefore ultimately serving the establishment and improvement of the birth support system and the smooth implementation of the multi - child policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze policy documents related to healthy city initiatives, assess the current state and shortcomings of policy tools, and provide a basis for adjusting and optimizing healthy city policies. Methods Using Rothwell & Ziegfeld’s policy tools framework, a two-dimensional analysis was conducted on 26 collected policy texts. These texts were coded, classified, and subjected to frequency statistics regarding the utilization of policy tools. Results In terms of policy tools, environmental tools accounted for 57.18%, supply tools for 38.11%, and demand tools for 4.72% of the policies analyzed. Across dimensions of health action, omnidirectional interventions were the most frequently utilized at 50.98%. Notably, actions promoting a healthy environment were prevalent, constituting 13.80% of the specific policy implementations. Conclusion The application of policy tools in China’s healthy cities exhibits uneven distribution, with an overemphasis on environmental tools, inadequate utilization of demand-side tools, and overall imbalance among policy tools. It is recommended that localities adjust their use of policy tools based on local conditions, leverage the distinct roles of various tools in healthy city initiatives, and ensure effective implementation of these policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Cultural Heritage is the property of Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chengdu University (Social Science) is the property of Journal of Chengdu University (Social Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasized the importance of "working actively and prudently towards the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality", as well as "speeding up the planning and development of a system for new energy sources". As a green and low-carbon secondary energy source, hydrogen energy has multiple applications in promoting the large-scale and efficient use of renewable energy as well as energy substitution in the field of transportation. It can also accelerate decarbonization in industry, and as such, is an indispensable part of building a new energy system, reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. This study takes 621 hydrogen energy policy documents issued by national and local government as research objects, designating to comprehensively study the hydrogen energy policy system. Based on policy informatics, this study uses natural language processing technology to mine data deeply and draws on hydrogen energy policy element information and key data indicators. It also combines content analysis, quantitative analysis and makes use of data visualization technology to study the evolution of hydrogen energy policy. It examines evolution trajectory of hydrogen energy policy, regional patterns of industry, the industrial chain layout, and other characteristics. The research framework and analysis methods used herein can help improve the systematization and timeliness of hydrogen energy policy research and proposes hydrogen energy policy suggestions to accelerate the development of hydrogen energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the focuses and potential issues of the current childrenJ s health policy system for informing policy decision 一 making. Methods This study constructed a two 一 dimensional analysis framework of policy tools 一 stakeholders, and the content analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze 36 children s health policies in China. Results The study coded a total of 542 nodes for policy tools. The environment - based policy tools, supply - based policy tools, and demand 一 based policy tools accounted for 43. 7%, 36. 5%, and 19. 7%, respectively. There were 464 nodes of stakeholders, and administrative agencies, hospitals, primary health care facilities, children and families, health care workers, and other agencies accounted for 61, 4%, 13. 6%, 3. 7%, 8.0%, 3. 2% and 10. 1%, respectively. Two 一 dimensional analysis revealed that children and families focused on demand 一 based policy tools (16 out of 34 nodes), primary healthcare/hospitals/health care providers focused on supply - based policy tools (20 out of 26, 41 out of 85, and 10 out of 15 nodes), and administrative agencies focused on environmental policy tools (170 out of 351 nodes). Conclusion The continuous launch of childrenJ s health policies indicates that the government ensures the principle of Children First. However, the current policies on the supply of children, s health services, the training of pediatric personnel, and PHC are inadequate. The government should focus on improving the supply of children, s healthcare services, expanding the pediatric workforce, and constructing an integrated service system for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Ecological compensation is the compensation for the positive externalities of forest re sources exerting ecological benefits, and it is an important content of ecological civilization construction. The ecological compensation system of China' s public welfare forest is an important policy tool to realize the value of forest ecological products. The existing studies mainly discuss the ecological benefits of ecological compensation policies and the economic and social benefits of ecological compensation systems, but few studies analyze the historical evolution and existing problems of the ecological compensation system of China' s public welfare forest. (2) Methods--In this paper, qualitative policy analysis and quantitative data evaluation were used to re view the legislative milestones and academic discourses of the ecological compensation system of China's public welfare forest in detail. Using the framework of "historical logic-practice exploration-realistic dilemma-paths exploration", this paper systematically analyzed the historical evolution, current dilemma and paths selection of the ecological compensation system of China's public welfare forest. (3)Results--From the perspective of historical evolution, the ecological compensation system of China's public welfare forest has experienced four stages; the initial stage (1956-1993), the exploration stage (1994- 2003), the promotion stage (2004-2015) and the deepening stage (2016-present). From the perspective of practical exploration, the ecological compensation standard of China's public welfare forest is gradually improving, and at the same time, it is gradually promoting classified compensation and exploring market-oriented ecological compensation and diversified ecological compensation. From the perspective of current dilemma, the ecological compensation standard of China's public welfare forest is single and relatively low, and the channels for raising compensation funds are narrow. At the same time, due to policy restrictions and management challenges, the self-financing ability of China's public welfare forest is also weak. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy suggestions are proposed: First, adjust the compensation standard of public welfare forest dynamically according to price changes, economic inflation and other factors to arouse the enthusiasm of forest farmers. Second, explore classified compensation methods for public welfare forest. Increase the classification compensation of key ecological locations, widen the gap in the amount of classification compensation, and implement classification compensation according to different ownership, so as to improve the fairness and effectiveness of the compensation sys tem. Third, construct the financing channels of diversified compensation. Promote the positive interaction between protectors and limiters, establish horizontal ecological compensation funds between regions, and include ecological public welfare forest in the forestry carbon sinks projects. Fourth, optimize the management mode of public welfare forest. It mainly includes innovating the renewal and transformation methods of public welfare forest, exploring the mode of sharing shares of public welfare forest, encouraging the pledge loan of the compensation in come rights of public welfare forest, and increasing special funding support for areas that use public welfare forest to develop understory economy and forest tourism, so as to improve the self-compensation ability of public welfare forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cyber Security & Data Governance is the property of Editorial Office of Information Technology & Network Security and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nuclear Safety is the property of Nuclear & Radiation Safety Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under the background of deepening medical insurance payment method reform，diagnosis related groups（DRG）are the key policy of medical insurance reform. In promoting its implementation，how to reflect the dual orientation of cost control and quality improvement and interpret and respond to it in public hospitals have become the“required question”in the new medical field. This paper organically combines the Multiple⁃ Streams theory with the Yardstick competition theory to build a theoretical analysis framework， which qualitatively deduces the theoretical rationality and necessity of the dual orientation of cost control and quality improvement of DRG while concluding that there are still contradictions at the present stage. Through the detailed correspondence of DRG reform from the perspectives of medical insurance and medical management， this paper analyzes and refines the causes of contradictions and then proposes corresponding countermeasures to support further improvement and implementation of DRG policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] In the digital age, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies based on intelligent algorithms have a huge impact on people's lives, and one representative technology is deepfake technology. It is a derivative technology that appears naturally in the development of AI technology, and is mainly used in speech synthesis, AI face changing, etc. However, the abuse of deepfake technologies has caused varying degrees of threat to national security, social and public security, and privacy and reputation. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to formulate policies to guide the behavior of deepfake technology subjects. [Method/Process] Through online research, it is found that the United States and the European Union have paid much attention to the alienation of deepfake technology, and have formulated a series of policies to govern it. Therefore, the deepfake technology policies of the United States and the European Union were selected as the research object. This paper adopts the "X-Y" two-dimensional analysis framework to analyze the deepfake policy text. The X dimension is the basic policy tool, and the Y dimension is the perspective of how to deal with technology alienation. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the two was carried out, that is, the application of policy tools in dealing with technology alienation is studied. This paper uses Nvivo12 to complete the coding of policy tools, codes the policy terms one by one according to the selected policy tool types, and then analyzes the coding results and draws conclusions. [Results/Conclusions] The deepfake technology policies of the United States and the European Union have certain characteristics in content, such as focusing on environmental policy tools, paying more attention to the governance of technology, individuals and organizations, and focusing on the publicity and education of technology ethics. But in general, it is based on its existing system to increase the governance of the alienation phenomenon of deepfake technology, so as to strengthen the mutual promotion and integration of new policies and old policies. For China, the governance of deepfake technology alienation should be started as soon as possible. Specific measures include formulating deepfake technology alienation governance plans, promoteing government-led deepfake technology innovation practices, realizing the combination of technology ethics and policy tools, actively participating in international governance of deepfake technology alienation. In addition, this paper takes the deepfake technology policies of the United States and the European Union as an example, which has certain limitations, so in the future research, we will expand the selection of samples.

(1) Background-By the end of 2021, the forest chief system reform has been implemented nationwide. The analysis of the provincial policies of forest chief system is not only helpful to grasp the connotation of this system, but also helpful to provide reference for each province ( autonomous region, municipality) to implement and improve the forest chief system according to local conditions. (2) Methods-Policy texts related to the forest chief system issued by the people's governments of 31 provinces ( autonomous regions and municipalities), the Forestry and Grassland Administration, the Natural Resources and Planning Bureaus and other policy bodies from January 2017 to October 2022 were collected through the website searches. Taking these policy texts as research samples, a three-dimensional analysis framework of "policy structure-policy content-policy effectiveness" of forest chief system was constructed, and quantitative analysis of policy documents was carried out from the number of issued policies, bodies of policies issue, policy tools, policy contents, policy intensities, policy objectives and policy measures. (3) Results-In terms of the number of issued policies, the number shows a fluctuating growth, and the issuance of central documents promoted the rapid growth of the number of published documents, reaching a peak of 89 in 2021 and accounting for 62. 68% of the total number of published documents during the research period. In terms of the publication bodies, the General Offices of the People's Government, the forest chief system offices and the Forestry and Grassland Administrations are the main publication bodies, accounting for 95% of the total number of publication bodies. In terms of the policy tools, they are mainly command-and-control policy tools, accounting for more than 41%, supplemented by economic incentives policy tools and public participation policy tools. In terms of the division of responsibility areas, 51. 60% of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) divide the forest chiefs' jurisdiction areas according to the administrative regions, 29. 00% of the provinces ( autonomous regions, municipalities) divide the forest chiefs' jurisdiction areas according to the mountain system or the origin of forest resources, the fire prevention areas and the operation areas of forest industrial enterprises, and 22. 58% of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) incorporate afforestation enterprises and public institutions into the forest chief organizational system. In terms of organizational structure, 70% of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) propose to set up the forest chief office in the competent forestry and grass departments of the government at or above the county level, and all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) mention to establish the working mechanism of multi-department cooperation. In terms of the working mechanism, 35. 48% of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have begun to explore and implement the mechanism of "forest chiefs + chief procurators", 41. 94% of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have implemented the mechanism of " forest chiefs + police chiefs", and 22.58% of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have implemented the mechanism of "forest chiefs + chief procurators + police chiefs". In terms of the policy effectiveness, although the policy objectives are clear, the policy effectiveness needs to be improved. It is necessary to increase the use of economic incentives policy tools and public participation policy tools in policy measures. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-Based on the above conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward to optimize the forest chief system. First, increase the use of economic incentives policy tools and public participation policy tools to optimize policy tools. Second, establish and refine various supporting systems, and make more clear, detailed and standard provisions for the implementation of the forest chief system according to the actual situations in different areas. Third, improve the working mechanism of forest chief system, broaden the channels of inter-departmental cooperation, and explore various ways to achieve inter-departmental collaboration. Fourth, highlight the key points of forest chief system assessment and adopt diversified assessment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secretary (16742354) is the property of Secretary Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

“Breaking the Five-only” policy plays an important role in standardizing the evaluations in science and education system and maintaining the healthy development of scientific research and school education and teaching. Based on the relevant policies issued by the state in recent years, the frequency of policy keywords was statistically analyzed, and the keyword co-occurrence network was generated to explore the theme and characteristics of the “Five-only” policy formulation. The PMC index model was established, 10 policies were selected for quantitative evaluation, and the PMC curved surface was constructed. The results show that the theme of the policy formulation of“ breaking the Five-only” is concentrated and stable, emphasizing the reform of assessment mechanism, and attaching importance to the discipline construction, talent contribution, and scientific and technological innovation. However, there are some problems such as scattered policy hotspots, weak systematicness, and poor scientificity. Based on this, we should think ahead from enriching policy nature, strengthening guarantee incentive and expanding policy focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contracted family doctor services (CFDSs) is a key action selected to be implemented to deepen the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare system, enrich primary care services, and achieve the strategic goals of health China. Moreover, the implementation of CFDSs is a main approach to better safeguarding people's health. To effectively promote the development of CFDSs, China has successively launched various relevant supportive policies, and the local governments have been actively exploring practicing approaches. So far, remarkable results have been achieved nationwide, yet there are still many challenges, among which implementation difficulty is a major factor influencing further promotion of CFDSs. We analyzed the implementation process of CFDSs using Smith's policy implementation process model, and identified many barriers to the implementation of CFDSs, such as lack of rule of law, low level of policy executors, insufficient incentives, and impact of policy environment. In view of this, we put forward the following recommendations on exploring innovative policies for sustainable development of CFDSs: designing top-level policy objectives for CFDSs development from perspectives of law and system, improving qualities and professional identity of providers of CFDSs, establishing mutual trust between doctors and patients, and optimizing the policy implementation environment.

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyzes the open data action framework of local governments in China from the policy level, aiming to clarify its practical progress and optimization direction. Based on the elements of government open data derived from the literature, the paper clusters and analyzes the policies of regions above sub-provincial level, and summarizes the primary contents of China's government open data action framework from the aspects of open management system, data opening process and data opening guarantee. The study shows that systematization of the action framework revealed by the policies is limited, based on the limitation, the directions of optimization are proposed: to strengthen the connotation of openness for social utilization, to establish a multi-body synergistic mechanism with internal and external governmental linkage, and to guarantee the systematic expansion of elements by institutional optimization as the leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an important research subject to bring the construction of ecological civilization into the category of governance. By expounding the implications of governance and reviewing the classical institutional theories and relevant literature, this study constructs a ‘system-capacity’ governance framework from three aspects of governance of dimension, instrument, and measure and constructs a qualitative test, taking the laws and regulations related to ecological civilization construction as the data sample. The governance framework of ‘system-capacity’ has high explanatory power as the governance efficiency of China’ s ecological civilization construction has become increasingly obvious. First, there is a ‘break-equilibrium’ situation in the formulation and implementation of China’ s ecological civilization laws and regulations with a high degree of inter-governmental coordination of ecological governance. Second, the construction of the ecological civilization system and the construction of governance capacity are well coordinated. Third, the structure of ecological governance instruments has become more balanced and reasonable; the combination of governance instruments has become increasingly obvious; but mandatory institutional instruments are still playing a dominant role. Fourth, the modernization of governance measures has been improved, but it is not balanced and regulatory control measures are still widely used. Therefore, the following policy suggestions are put forward: we should further promote the synergy between the construction of an ecological civilization system and the construction of governance capacity and consolidate the foundation of the construction of ecological civilization; we should also further optimize and improve the structure of ecological governance instruments, enhance the role of top-level design and thought leadership in the construction of China’ s ecological civilization; and gradually reduce the proportion of compulsory system in China’ s ecological governance instrument set; efforts should be made to optimize and balance ecological control measures, upgrade the modernization of control measures; and gradually reduce the use of regulatory ecological control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educational Policy Forum is the property of National Chi Nan University, Department of Education Policy & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new college admission policy of Taiwan will be implemented in 2022. The high school learning portfolio in the new policy highlights not only the importance of academic achievement, but also multiple high school learning performance and motivation for major choice. This study contributed to be the policy reference for the preliminary exploration in the beginning of the new policy. The target population was the freshmen students at a fouryear university. The study used questionnaire survey and quantitative analysis, controlling personal background and student college satisfaction, to understanding college student engagement from high school achievement and motivation for major choice. The study found that there were significant differences from students of different academic college on high school learning achievement, motivation for major choice, and college student satisfaction. In addition, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the high school rank, the factor of college environment and intrinsic motivation had significant influence on college student engagement. Practical suggestions were provided for the educational administrators and college administrators for following policy implementation. Suggestions for future studies were also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educational Policy Forum is the property of National Chi Nan University, Department of Education Policy & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Financial & Economic Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of School Administrators is the property of School Administration Research Association, R.O.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(1) Background--Natural rubber is a kind of strategic resource for the development of national economic, the operation of modem industry and the construction of national defense. The development of natural rubber planting industry' is not only related to the national security on robber strategic, but also the welfare of more than 500, 000 families in the poor areas. However, the decline in robber prices has led to the economic downturn in the rubber zone, the destruction of rubber forests, the threat of strategic resources and the poverty of farmers in the rubber zone, and new policies are urgently needed. This paper attempts to analyze the key factors, which influence the development of the natural rubber industry' from the perspective of "borders" and "bonus" and then according to the results, the corresponding measures are proposed. (2) Methods--Based on field research and the sorting and compilation of data, this paper figures out the critical problems, which hinder the development of natural rubber industry and then makes an analysis of the sources of difficulties of natural rubber industry from the perspective of "borders" and "bonus", according to the results, the development countermeasures are proposed. (3) Results--The continuous reduction of domestic rubber production will further aggravate the dependence of the rubber imports for China, and the national rubber safety is under great pressure and big challenges, which include the following aspects; Firstly, the price fluctuation of natural rubber causes rubber dependence in rubber producing area and due to the single industrial structure in rubber area, which also causes path dependence of economic growth on natural rubber planting and trade. Besides, natural resources are predatory' tapped of for pursuing high-speed economic growth. Therefore, when natural resources are exhausted, economic stagnation and decline will be inevitable. In addition, the manufacturing industry' in appropriate rubber zone is usually relatively backward. On the one hand, through the cultivation and trade of natural rubber, huge income can be obtained, and local governments and enterprises lack the internal incentive to develop manufacturing industry' ; on the other hand, the industrial products needed by the region can be satisfied through trade. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--At present, The fact that robber farmers cut robber already exists. The government must give effective support policies to encourage farmers to improve the rate of cutting and the per unit yield of robber garden, especially to encourage fanners to continue the cultivation of natural rubber, therefore, the following countermeasures are put forward; First, the aim is to strive for the international pricing power of natural robber by taking up the monopoly situation of the demand side of the natural robber market and putting the discourse power of natural robber Keep it in our own hands. Besides, reasonable "red line" of natural robber should be set, the safe output of natural robber can be set as 850 thousand t, the opening rate of robber garden can be increased to 70%, the unit yield of robber garden can be increased to 1100 kg/hm", and the final "red line" of natural robber is 1. 1 million hm2, which is about 0. 1 million hm2 less than the currently set safety guarantee area of 1. 2 million hm2. What's more, the two-way natural robber "bonus" and implement the " price support" policy should be released in appropriate rubber zone district. At the same time, these choices of farmers in non-robber suitable areas in recent years can be summarized as industry trial and error. Their problem is not how to develop the robber industry, but how to choose the appropriate industry to increase family income. Therefore, it is proposed to implement the policy of "returning rubber to the forest" and developing the economic policy under the forest in the non-robber suitable areas. In particular, robber farmers should be encouraged to continue natural robber planting, thus proposing "price support" policy in robber suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educational Policy Forum is the property of National Chi Nan University, Department of Education Policy & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

經濟弱勢學生可能會因個人家庭或經濟因素而被排除於高等教育之外，使得以教育來促動社會流動的功能大打折扣。本研究目的在探討臺灣及國際上對大學經濟弱勢學生的入學及就學扶助措施，並據以對教育部政策提供修正芻議。研究方法為文獻分析法，分別針對臺灣對大學經濟弱勢學生的助學政策、經濟弱勢學生入學與就學時的考量與問題、改善經濟弱勢學生入學與就學的策略等議題進行探討。結果顯示，教育部對經濟弱勢學生的入學與就學提供了相當多的扶助措施，但這些扶助措施與經濟弱勢學生的問題與考量仍有部分落差，如學生可能選擇學業不匹配的大學、不懂申請程序與缺乏協助等，仍待改善政策以符學生需求。 本研究依據文獻資料、國外政府與頂尖大學的作法，針對政策端及大學端的經濟弱勢學生入學及就學扶助措施提出改善建議，如推動擴大參與方案、簡化入學申請流程、建構經濟弱勢學生入學扶助單一網頁窗口等。以期能讓更多經濟弱勢學生有機會透過高等教育來改善自身處境，促進社會向上流動，亦可落實校園多元化的理念，符應社會公正性。 Family or economic factors may hinder low socioeconomic status (SES) students from pursuing higher education, which may limit their social mobility. This study investigated the admission policy and practices of and campus aid for low-SES students in Taiwan and other developed countries and accordingly provided suggestions for Taiwan education policies. The research method was a literature review focusing on university campus aid for low-SES students in Taiwan, on these students’ considerations and difficulties in pursuing higher education, and on strategies to improve their admission and retention rates. The analysis indicated that although the Taiwan Ministry of Education enacted numerous assistance strategies for the admission and retention of low-SES students, gaps still exist between these measures and the actual problems and considerations of students. For instance, low-SES students may choose schools that academically undermatch their performance, have little understanding of the admission process, or lack assistance in preparing admission applications. Thus, some policies may require revision to address the needs of such students. According to the strategies of developed country governments and top universities and evidences from empirical studies, this paper proposes numerous suggestions for improving low-SES students’ university admission and retention rates, including promoting widening participation programs, simplifying the admission application process, and constructing a single platform website integrating all information on application and assistance relevant to low-SES students. With these suggestions, the authors hope to reinforce the concept of campus diversity and assist low-SES students improve their current situation.

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University. Humanities & Social Sciences / Zhejiang Daxue Xuebao is the property of Zhejiang University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing Normal University is the property of Beijing Normal University, Institute of History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the influence of carbon emission quota allocation policy on the enterprise's production decision with different per unit product carbon emissions level, and by constructing the policies of differentiated carbon quotas under duopoly competition, this paper established the game model of Cournot based on differentiated allocation policies to study the influences of profit, price, production and carbon emissions about different levels enterprises of carbon emissions per unit of product. The results showed that the market size and the level of carbon emissions per unit of product has a positive impact on the implementation of emission reduction measures. The quota allocation policy focusing on the low-ranked companies is superior to the policy focusing on the others, the former would better protect low-ranked companies in the premise of reducing carbon emissions, encourage enterprises to actively reduce carbon emissions per unit of product, and to better respond to international competition. Although the latter would achieve the purpose of reducing emissions, it would bring back incentive effect. This paper theoretically verified the lack and proper of current strategies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research in Education Sciences is the property of National Taiwan Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposed a new policy text similarity calculation method after the analysis and research of the domestic and foreign traditional text similarity calculation based on vector space model. The method which was based on the policy text pretreatment and recursive descent technology presented a computation method of fitting degree among policy clauses and similarity among policy text. The general classic algorithms were involved in the problem of word frequency, this method did establish word frequency vector directly, but it merged the same words. Then by using the recursive descent method, the method analyzed the consistency problem in policy chapters from three different levels of policy clauses, policy paragraphs and policy chapters, reducing the space complexity of the fitting calculation. Experimental results show that compared with the existed typical similarity calculation method, this method can increase the efficiency and precision of consistency verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, even though teachers in different provinces in China have basically reached the qualification standards set out in the Teachers Law, the relevant data show, however, that the average pay level in educational profession has long been in low standard and below the average of those of public functionary, a condition that reduces the attraction of the profession. The present author here puts forward a number of substantial measures for the solution, a proposal which is significant for the advances of the cause that may function to help develop the country in all other respects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the first attempt to use the non-cooperation game theory to study the strategies of airline carbon tax from EU. Based on inducing four scenarios, non-resistance, refusal of payment, retaliatory duties and creditable threat, Stackelberg game models are developed to find the optimal strategies of countries. The results show that the strategy of refusal of payment, which China is taking step, is superior to the retaliatory duties. The main contribution of this paper is to study a new important international issue, airline carbon tax, summarize four coping strategies and analyze this issue by establishing Stackelberg game models for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the CPC and the government have highligh-ted the development of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and issued a series of policies, such as the Plan for Protection and Deve-lopment of Chinese Medicinal Materials(2015-2020) forwarded by the General Office of the State Council in 2015, the Plan for Healthy Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2015-2020) released by the General Office of the State Council in the same year, the Healthy China 2030 Plan published by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2016, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine which took effect on July 2017, On the Preservation and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine promulgated by CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2019, and Plan for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period of China released by the General Office of the State Council in March 2022, to promote the development of the TCM industry, which have brought historical opportunities to the TCM industry. However, TCM industry faces various challenges in the development. In terms of drug development in TCM, the current studies mainly focused on the chemical research and technical requests, which neglected TCM characteristics and cased in conformity between new drug transformation of TCM and clinical practice. Therefore, a more considerable and profound authoritative guideline is needed, and innovative thought and research are necessary for academics and the industry. Through the investigation of the development TCM industry in recent years, this study summarized the policies on and trends of Chinese medicinal materials, new drug development in TCM, catalogue of national basic drugs, and national basic health insurance, and proposed suggestions for further development of TCM industry.

As a social class, entrepreneur experienced various changes from Spring and Autumn to Han Dynasty. From Spring and Autumn period to early Western Han Dynasty, the four all had occupied a certain percentage, and Grass-roots entrepreneur was in the majority. From late Western Han Dynasty to Eastern Han Dynasty, the proportion of political entrepreneur was gradually increasing. This trend showed that in a feudal society, commercial development could not be fully with the development of commodity economy, the ruling class in the policy of laissez-faire or inhibited at any time would affect commercial development, then the impact of the entrepreneur. But at the same time, the trend of the commercial development would have an impact on the decision-making, in which both inside and outside, under the influence the stratification of the entrepreneur would also change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]