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CO2 geological storage is a guaranteed technology for achieving carbon neutrality. The offshore deposit basin is far away from the human activity area, and the implementation of a CO2 geological storage is more advantageous than the land sedimentary basin. To find out the CO2 storage potential in the Weixinan sag of the Beibu Gulf Basin, based on the 8 indicators such as caprock burial depth, the maximum thickness of single layer mudstone, mud-soil ratio, fault density and reservoir porosity, formation thickness, sand-soil ratio, permeability, etc., it has established a reservoir evaluation system for the secondary structure unit of the basin. Combined with the core physical property data of lays and 3D geological models, the reservoir and caprock of the Weixinan sag are optimized, and the effective storage potential is evaluated with the US-DOE method. The results show that within 800−3000 meters below the sea floor, in the Weixinan sag, there are two sets of reservoir-cap combinations suitable for CO2 storage. Combination 1: in Neogene, the neritic mudstone of the first member of the Jiaowei Formation is the cap rock, and the neritic sandstone of the second member of the Jiaowei Formation and the Xiayang Formation is the reservoir, and the effective storage capacity is 0.749 billion tons. Combination 2: in the Paleogene, the deep lake mudstone in the second member of the Weizhou Formation is the cap rock, and the sandstone in the third member of the Weizhou Formation is the reservoir, and the effective storage capacity is 0.374 billion tons. In the Weixinan sag, two sets of reservoir-cap assemblages suitable for CO2 storage in the saline aquifers are selected, with an effective storage capacity of 1.123 billion tons. According to the evaluation of the annual CO2 emission of 70 million tons in the west of Guangdong Province, it can meet the CO2 emission reduction needs of the region for more than 16 years. Offshore geological storage is a potential path for the green and sustainable development of coastal heavy chemical clustering areas and to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.

In this study, foxtail millet was used as raw material. The purpose of research was to investigate the changes of the properties and structures of four foxtail millet proteins, including albumin, glutelin, gliadin and globulin, after treatment by extrudating with α-amylase. The results demonstrated the increased water holding capacities, decreased foaming abilities, as well as the loss of the contents of several amino acids of these foxtail millet proteins under all extrusion conditions. Additionally, after extruding with enzyme, the contents of these proteins decreased, whereas the emulsification abilities increased. Among these proteins, the emulsification ability of gliadin was increased, while the foam stabilities of gliadin and glutelin were enhanced. Additionally, extruding with amylase resulted in less protein bands of albumin and globulin on gel. Furthermore, the secondary and tertiary structures of these foxtail millet proteins were comparable along extruding with enzyme, with minor blue shift. In conclusion, extruding with enzyme could improve the properties of foxtail millet proteins, with little influence on the secondary and tertiary structures. These findings indicate that the pregelatinization foxtail millet flour obtained with enzymatic extrusion processing technology could be used for an ideal functional food resource.

Quaternary Xiashu loess deposits are widely distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The Xiashu loess deposits provide an important archive for studying the area's paleoclimate. We analyzed the magnetic susceptibility of 239 bulk samples from two newly excavated Xiashu loess profiles: the Puwulu and Pancheng. Based on a comparison with previously studied profiles in this region, our new record shows a good correlation in the stratigraphy, with three well-developed paleosols (layers S1, S2, and S3) as the marked layers. This correlation was observed in the Taishanxincun, Laohushan, and Dagang profiles. Despite the good spatial correlation in stratigraphy, the well-developed paleosol layers were thicker than the underlying loess layers. The average sediment accumulation rates in the paleosol layers (6.2 cm/ka, n=19) were higher than those in the loess layers (5.1 cm/ka, n=17). This stratigraphic feature of the Xiashu loess deposits differs from that of the Chinese loess plateau in North China. Combined with previous studies on the origin of the Xiashu loess deposits, the new records suggest a proximal origin; however, the dominant contribution of sediment materials from the floodplains at the foot of Laoshan Mountain. Increased material flux through the primary stream runoff on the floodplain resulted in higher sediment accumulation rates in the paleosols. Based on sedimentary model analysis, the paleosol and loess layers in the Xiashu deposits are continuous sedimentary records on glacial-interglacial scales. After adjusting for fluctuating sediment deposition rates, the revised magnetic susceptibility displayed a clear cyclic variation pattern, which was interpreted as the intensity of pedogenesis. Power spectral analysis suggests that the cyclic pattern of variations shows a strong frequency in the 100 kyr band for both the Pancheng and Puwulu profiles. This may explain the paleoclimatic dynamics of the paleosols that formed. The most developed paleosol layers (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5) correlated well with the orbital parameter eccentricity with clear 100-kyr ice cycles. Ice age terminations suggest sea-level changes and a far-reaching influence on precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. These observations indicate the relationship between the glacial cycle and soil development is closer than previously believed. The coincidence with eccentricity may largely support the idea that changes in global ice volume have promoted the formation of strongly developed paleosols along the incised valleys of the Yangtze River.

For the identification of key nodes in network systems, a node importance assessment method based on the system health state was proposed.Firstly, the definition of the system health degree was analyzed.Then, according to the connection relationship between network nodes, the adjacency matrix was established to calculate the network capacity change under normal conditions and fault degradation conditons.And the relationship model between the system health degree and the node importance degree was established.Finally, simulations of network systems showed that this method could effectively identify the key nodes in the system and improve the reliability of the network.

Objective To explore the relationship between health literacy and depressive symptoms in junior high school students in Chongqing, and to provide suggestions for improving adolescent mental health. Methods A total of 1 703 students were subjected by stratified cluster sampling from 4 junior high schools (2 in urban and 2 in rural areas) in a main district of Chongqing. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to study the data. Results Among 1 703 participants, the incidence of depressive symptoms was 26.8%. The overall health literacy, functional health literacy, interactive health literacy and critical health literacy were 41.8%, 44.8%, 38.4% and 60.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the overall health literacy rate of individuals without depressive symptoms was significantly higher than that of individuals with depressive symptoms (46.9% vs 27.9%, Chi-square=49.867, P < 0.001). The health literacy rates of the individuals without depressive symptoms in the 3 dimensions were also significantly higher than those of the individuals with depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). After the adjustment for gender, age, grade, school type and whether they were only children in family, logistic regression analysis indicated that scientific health concept, reasonable nutrition, problem-solving ability and health decision-making ability were protective factors for depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of depressive symptoms in the students with health literacy is quite low. The factors of scientific health concept, reasonable diet, problem-solving ability and health decision-making ability of health literacy are negatively correlated with the incidence of depression symptoms.

In view of problems of low visualization degree,low outburst prediction accuracy and low real-time performance in existing coal and outburst prediction methods,a multivariate data visualization system for coal and gas outburst prediction is constructed taking Xinyuan Coal Mine as a test mine.The system obtains basic data involved in outburst prediction through the ways of geophysical exploration, drilling, etc. and WTC gas outburst parameter meter, safety monitoring system, and special data acquisition instrument, and transmits the outburst prediction data through underground industrial ring network and ground office network; two-level prediction method of regional overall control and local online identification covering the spatio-temporal evolution relationship of outburst danger is adopted,so that the messy original data becomes orderly through deep mining of multivariate data of coal and gas outburst,laying the foundation for data visualization; the data of regional prediction subsystem and local prediction subsystem is effectively fused through integrated visualization platform of outburst prediction based on WebGIS to realize intuitive display of prediction results and multivariate data, so that the outburst prediction process can be controlled and the results can be checked. The application results show that the system changes the single and discontinuous status of outburst prediction index of Xinyuan Coal Mine, and significantly improves the accuracy and real-time performance of coal and gas outburst prediction.

In order to alleviate the contradiction between outburst control and production in high-yield and high-efficiency mines, this paper focuses on the primary link of outburst control (outburst prediction), and constructs the far field and near field collaborative prediction technology and prediction model of coal and gas outburst around the time-space evolution relationship of outburst risk. The technical ideas of this paper are as follows: firstly, the gas field, stress field, geological structure field and outburst prevention measure field are established from the perspective of far-field prediction to realize the macro control of mine outburst risk; then the outburst prediction method based on the characteristics of gas and mine pressure monitoring are established from the perspective of near-field prediction to realize the dynamic analysis of the outburst risk of the working face; and finally, through the effective fusion of far-field and near-field prediction, the far-field and near-field collaborative prediction of mine outburst risk is realized.

Under the directed network topology,formation of UAVs with leader-follower structure was studied.And a fault estimation method using distributed adaptive sliding mode observer was designed for actuator fault with unknown upper bound.First of all,for each network node,based on the directed network topology,relative output estimation error was introduced to show information exchanges between neighbouring nodes.And a corresponding sliding mode observer was constructed.Then the global error system was defined,and the stability and sliding mode reaching condition was proved by Lyapunov theory.At last,all the parameters to be designed were calculated by the linear matrix inequality toolbox,and the validity of the proposed method was verified by Matlab simulation.

According to occurrence of coal and gas outburst and technology of related dynamic safety information collection on coal face, the paper designed an early-warning system of gas outburst on coal face based on dynamic characteristics of pressure monitoring. The system can dynamically extract real-time data from massive pressure monitoring data, and finally realizes intelligent analysis and real-time early-warning of coal and gas outburst on coal face, and it also has efficient data management capabilities. The system has achieved good effects in the field test.

Effective tiller number (ETN) directly affects panicle number and is closely related to wheat grain yield. Mining quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with wheat tiller number and analyzing the correlation between tiller number and other important agronomic traits can provide the theoretical basis for molecular breeding. In this study, we first proposed and established a novel genetic analysis framework of "multiple environmental assessments-depth analysis of individual traits-comprehensive evaluation of various traits-friendly marker development-verification in different backgrounds". Using this approach, low-tillering QTLs were identified and validated base on an F6 recombinant inbred line population (MC population) derived from the low-tillering plant msf and Chuannong 16 (CN16), phenotypic data of effective tillers from multiple environments, and a 16K chip-based constructed genetic linkage map. QTL mapping results showed that there were four QTLs controlling tillering on chromosomes 1A, 5A, and 6D, respectively. Qltn.sau-MC-1A was a stable and major low-tillering QTL explaining 13.39%--60.40% of the phenotypic variation rate, and its positive allele was from msf. Phenotypic analysis showed that ETN of the lines carrying the positive allele of Qltn.sau-MC-1A was significantly less than those with the negative alleles. Correlation analysis showed that ETN had a significantly positive correlation with plant height (PH), and a significantly negative correlation with thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number per spike (KNPS), kernel weight per spike (KWPS), and flag leaf width (FLW), but no significantly correlation with flag leaf length (FLL) and anthesis date (AD). Genetic analysis showed that positive allele of Qltn.sau-MC-1A had a significant effect on increasing KNPS, KWPS, and TKW, but delaying AD. Validation results in different backgrounds suggested that the ETN of lines carrying positive alleles from Qltn.sau-MC-1A could be significantly decreased. Collectively, we established a new genetic mapping approach and further used it to identify and validate a major QTL controlling low-tiller number, Qltn.sau-MC-1A, which laid a foundation for further fine mapping and understanding the mechanism of tiller formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The muddy soil in the bucket foundation should be reinforced to achieve bearing capacity requirements of bucket foundation in muddy soil. Vacuum method and vacuum electro-osmosis method are employed to reinforce the models of 300 mm and 600 mm diameter bucket foundations. The test results show that the diameter variation has little effect on the final reinforcing effect of muddy soil using vacuum method. Compared with vacuum method, vacuum electro-osmosis method is more effective for the reinforcement of bucket foundation, and the electro-osmosis reinforcing effect is more evident with the increase of the bucket diameter. And analytical results indicate that there is a reasonable time point of power-on. At the time point, good effects of soil treatment can be achieved and excessive energy loss is avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of enhanced antioxidant capacity in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) over-activated cell. Methods Differential gene analysis, functional and pathway enrichment analysis in mTOR activated cell were conducted by using gene expression omnibus (GEO) database.The mTOR-hyperactive tsc2-/-MEFs were treated with high dose spermidine to examine their antioxidant capacity.The core gene was screened by protein-protein interaction analysis. The expression of this core gene in mTOR activated cell was examined by q-PCR and Western blot. Core gene-knockdown cell line of mTOR activated cell was estab-lishedto study cell proliferation and antioxidant capacity. Core gene expression and prognosis of patient were analyzed in the TCGA liver cancer and melanoma data. Results The genes of the redox signaling in mTOR activated cells were significantly up-regulated.The mTOR activated cells were more resistant to high dose of spermidine(P＜0.05).The core gene MGST1 was screened out due to its highest score of protein-protein interaction analysis(P＜0.05). q-PCR and Western blot showed that MGST1 expression was significantly increased in mTOR activated cells(P＜0.05). The expression of MGST1 decreased in rapamycin-treated mTOR activated cells. mTOR activated cell line was more sensitive to oxidative stress after MGST1 knockdown(P＜0.05).Higher MGST1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients based on TCGA liver cancer and melanoma data(P＜0.05). Conclusions mTOR hyperactivation promotes the expression of MGST1 and enhances the antioxidant capacity of cells.

As a new type of magnetic sensitivity smart material, magnetorheological elastomers showing a good magnetorheological effect have been broadly applied in the field of intelligent structures and devices. A viscoelastic fractional derivative element was introduced into the stress−strain relationship of magnetorheological elastomers based on the Bouc−Wen model to accurately characterize the mechanical behavior of magnetorheological elastomers under a wide range of strain amplitude, excitation frequency, and magnetic field and to make it better applied in engineering practice. Further, a modified Bouc−Wen model based on a fractional derivative was proposed to describe the hysteresis characteristics of magnetorheological elastomers. The Bouc−Wen model has good universality and can accurately describe the hysteretic characteristics of the magnetorheological elastomer’s nonlinear viscoelastic region, but it cannot accurately simulate magneto-viscoelasticity and frequency dependence. The fractional derivative can express this characteristic with fewer parameters and higher accuracy. The micromorphology characteristics of isotropic and anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers were analyzed, and the performance tests of the magnetorheological elastomers were conducted. The storage and loss modulus of the magnetorheological elastomers initially remain unchanged and then decrease with an increase in strain amplitude (0–100%). Moreover, the storage and loss modulus of the magnetorheological elastomers increase with an increase in frequency (0–100 Hz) and magnetic flux density (0–545 mT). On this basis, a modified Bouc−Wen model was proposed based on the fractional derivative. The simulation model was established using the Simulink software, and the fractional derivative part of the modified model was approximately calculated using the Oustaloup filter algorithm. The effectiveness of the modified model was verified through a comparative analysis. The fitness values of simulation and experimental data under different loading conditions are higher than 98%. Results show that the modified Bouc−Wen model can accurately simulate the stress−strain hysteresis loops of the magnetorheological elastomers, and the fitting accuracy is significantly improved compared with that of the Bouc−Wen model. The modified model is accurate and effective in a wide range of strain amplitudes, frequencies, and magnetic fields, which can lay a foundation for the engineering application of magnetorheological elastomers.

Objective To assess RNF43 on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) cell line 786-O. Methods GEPIA website was visited to analyze RNF43 expression and perform prognosis analysis of the patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. RNF43 over-expressing 786-O was established by cationic transfection. Inhibitory efficiency of RNF43 over-expression and Wnt inhibitor LGK974 on 786-O cells were checked by Western blot or qPCR. The effects of RNF43 over-expression and LGK974 on cell proliferation,migration and invasion of 786-O were analyzed by CCK8,clone formation,wound healing assay and Transwell assay respectively. Results RNF43 was reduced in ccRCC tissues. Low expression was associated with poor prognosis. RNF43 over-expression or LGK974 treatment led to decreased expression of β-catenin and non-phospho (active) β-catenin in 786-O cells(P＜0.05),along with significantly reduced cell proliferation,migration,and invasion(P＜0.001). Conclusions RNF43 inhibits proliferation,migration and invasion of 786-O cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

The error between the actual damping force and the simulated damping force obtained using the Bouc–Wen model under non-identification excitation conditions is large, and the model is too sensitive to non-identification excitation amplitude and thus features poor accuracy. To solve this sensitivity problem, an improved model describing hysteretic characteristics of shock absorbers was proposed. Firstly, the mechanical properties of a magnetorheological (MR) damper were tested to obtain the damping force under various excitation amplitudes, frequencies and currents using a mechanical testing and simulation(MTS) fatigue testing machine. The smooth hysteresis loop curve was simulated based on the relationship between the slope of the hysteresis loop and the damping force. The quadratic polynomial function was used to characterize the relationship between the slope of hysteresis loop and the damping force according to the hysteresis curve characteristics. At the same time, the revision term of the exponential function for the velocity value was introduced, and the parameters of the established improved Simulink model were identified. The damping forces under different working conditions were obtained from the experiment, and the new model was simulated and validated. The damping forces obtained from new model and the experiment were compared, and the curves obtained from the model agree well with the experimental results under different working conditions. Meanwhile, the improved model was compared with the Bouc–Wen model based on the characteristic curves of the damping force. The results show that the improved model can better simulate the damping force values obtained from tests under different conditions, and is superior to the Bouc–Wen model. At the same time, the problem of poor accuracy of the Bouc–Wen model under non identification excitation conditions was improved. The new model lays the foundation for ensuring the accuracy of the vehicle suspension system response under various working conditions.

Objective To explore the mechanism and potential regulation of GP73 in human colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Methods GEPIA website was used to analyze GP73 gene expression in human colorectal cancer samples. shRNA targeting GP73 was constructed and then transfected into Caco2 and HT-29 cells to knock-down GP73 expression. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay. Colony formation experiment was used to detect cell proliferation. CCK8 method was used to detect control cells and GP73-knockdown HT-29 cell proliferation after rapamycin treatment. Wild type mice administered with AOM-DSS induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) were treated with rapamycin. Western blot was used to detect protein levels of mTOR and GP73 pathway in treated mice. Results GP73 is highly expressed in human colorectal cancer tissues. Deficient-GP73 inhibited human colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Rapamycin suppressed AOM-DSS induced CAC development and down regulated mTOR-GP73 axis. Down-regulation of GP73 caused human colorectal cancer cells insensitive to rapamycin treatment. Conclusions GP73 is highly expressed in human colorectal cancer tissues. Deficient-GP73 inhibits proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells. Rapamycin inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer through down-regulation of mTOR-GP73 pathway.

Aiming at analyzing the influence of multi-step attack,as well as reflecting the system’s security situation accurately and comprehensively,a network security situation evaluation method for multi-step attack was proposed.This method firstly clustered security events into several attack scenes,which was used to identify the attacker.Then the attack path and the attack phase were identified by causal correlation of every scene.Finally,combined with the attack phase as well as the threat index,the quantitative standard was established to evaluate the network security situation.The proposed method is assessed by two network attack-defense experiments,and the results illustrate accuracy and effectiveness of the method.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA), a chronic autoimmune disease, is featured by persistent joint inflammation. The development of RA is associated with the disturbance of endogenous metabolites and intestinal microbiota. Gardeniae Fructus(GF), one of the commonly used medicinal food in China, is usually prescribed for the prevention and treatment of jaundice, inflammation, ache, fever, and skin ulcers. GF exerts an effect on ameliorating RA, the mechanism of which remains to be studied. In this study, ultra-perfor-mance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)-based serum non-target metabolomics and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing were employed to elucidate the mechanism of GF in ameliorating RA induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in rats. The results showed that GF alleviated the pathological conditions in adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats. The low-and high-dose GF lo-wered the serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-1β, and prostaglandin E2 in the rats(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). Pathways involved in metabolomics were mainly α-linolenic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the Streptococcus, Facklamia, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, and Kosakonia were the critical gut microorganisms for GF to treat AA in rats. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the three differential metabolites PE-NMe[18:1(9Z)/20:0], PC[20:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)], and PC[20:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)] were correlated with the differential bacteria. In conclusion, GF may ameliorate RA by regulating the composition of intestinal microbiota, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The findings provide new ideas and data for elucidating the mechanism of GF in relieving RA.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between unhealthy weight loss behaviors and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chongqing., Methods: From October to November in 2019, 4 urban combined junior and senior high school and 4 rural combined junior and senior high school in Chongqing were selected by stratified cluster sampling method, and the unhealthy weight loss behavior questionnaire and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale(CES-D scale) were used to investigate the weight loss behavior and depression symptoms of junior one to senior three students. A total of 3969 subjects were enrolled, including 1479(37.26%) males and 2490(62.73%) females. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between general demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms, and binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between unhealthy weight loss behavior and depressive symptoms., Results: Among the 3969 subjects, 2972(74.88%) reported unhealthy weight loss behaviors, and 1459(36.76%) had depressive symptoms. There were significant differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents with different gender(χ~2=34.83, P&lt;0.01), school type(χ~(2 )=6.75, P&lt;0.01), father&apos;s parenting style(χ~2=159.64, P&lt;0.01), mother&apos;s parenting style(χ~2=160.10, P&lt;0.01), family economic conditions(χ~2=63.88, P&lt;0.01), learning pressure(χ~2=207.53, P&lt;0.01), number of close friends(χ~2=177.52, P&lt;0.01)and number of school health education classes(χ~2=31.60, P&lt;0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that unhealthy weight loss behavior was a risk factor for depressive symptoms(OR=1.436, P&lt;0.01), and unhealthy weight loss level was positively correlated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms(OR&gt;0, P&lt;0.01)., Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between unhealthy weight loss behavior and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chongqing.

The present study investigated the mechanism of the Tibetan patent medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu Pills(ESP) in alleviating Alzheimer's disease in mice via Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β signaling pathway. BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into a blank control group, a model group, low(200 mg·kg~(-1)), medium(400 mg·kg~(-1)) and high(800 mg·kg~(-1)) dose groups of ESP, and donepezil hydrochloride group. Except the blank control group, the other groups were given 20 mg·kg~(-1) aluminum chloride by gavage and 120 mg·kg~(-1) D-galactose by intraperitoneal injection for 56 days to establish Alzheimer's disease model. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice. The level of p-tau protein in mouse hippocampus and the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase(CAT), and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in hippocampus and serum were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were performed for the pathological observation of whole brain in mice. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) staining was employed for the observation of apoptosis in mouse cortex. Western blot was adopted to detect the protein levels of p-mTOR, p-Akt, and GSK-3β in the hippocampus. Compared with the model group, the ESP groups showcased alleviated pathological damage of the whole brain, decreased TUNEL positive cells, reduced level of p-tau protein in hippocampus, and risen SOD, CAT, and T-AOC levels and declined MDA level in hippocampus and serum. Furthermore, the ESP groups had up-regulated protein levels of p-mTOR and p-Akt while down-regulated protein level of GSK-3β in hippocampus. Therefore, ESP can alleviate the learning and memory decline and oxidative damage in mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by D-galactose combined with aluminum chloride, which may be related to Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β signaling pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills(ESP) on the intestinal flora of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) mice. Forty-eight male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group, model(methionine-choline-deficient, MCD) group, high-(0.8 g·kg~(-1)), medium-(0.4 g·kg~(-1)), and low-dose(0.2 g·kg~(-1)) ESP groups, and pioglitazone(PGZ, 10 mg·kg~(-1)) group, with eight mice in each group. Mice in the control group were fed with normal diet, while those in the remaining five groups with MCD diet for five weeks for inducing NASH. During modeling, they were gavaged with the corresponding drugs. The changes in body mass, daily water intake, and daily food intake were recorded. At the end of the experiment, the liver tissues were collected and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) for observing the pathological changes, followed by oil red O staining for observing fat accumulation in the liver. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and triglyceride(TG) in liver tissue were measured. The changes in intestinal flora of mice were determined using 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with the model group, the high-, medium-and low-dose ESP groups and the PGZ group exhibited significantly lowered AST and ALT in serum and TG in liver tissues and alleviated hepatocellular steatosis and fat accumulation in the liver. As demonstrated by 16 S rRNA sequencing, the abundance index and diversity of intestinal flora decreased in the model group, while those increased in the ESP groups. Besides, the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio decreased at the phylum level. In the alteration of the composition of intestinal flora, ESP reduced the abundance of Erysipelotrichia and Faecalibaculum but increased the abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae, Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. This study has revealed that ESP has a protective effect against NASH induced by MCD diet, which may be related to its regulation of the changes in intestinal flora, alteration of the composition of intestinal flora, and inhibition of the intestinal dysbiosis.

Precious Tibetan medicine formula is a characteristic type of medicine commonly used in the clinical treatment of central nervous system diseases. Through the summary of modern research on the precious Tibetan medicine formulas such as Ratnasampil, Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills, Ershiwewei Shanhu Pills, and Ruyi Zhenbao Pills, it is found that they have obvious advantages in the treatment of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, angioneurotic headache, and vascular dementia. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the mechanisms of precious Tibetan medicine formulas in improving central nervous system diseases are that they promote microcirculation of brain tissue, regulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, alleviate inflammation, relieve oxidative stress damage, and inhibit nerve cell apoptosis. This review summarizes the clinical and pharmacological studies on precious Tibetan medicine formulas in prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases, aiming to provide a reference for future in-depth research and innovative discovery of Tibetan medicine against central nervous diseases.

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of the Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu Pills(ESP) in improving scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. ICR mice were randomized into blank group, model group, low-dose(200 mg·kg~(-1)), medium-dose(400 mg·kg~(-1)), and high-dose(800 mg·kg~(-1)) ESP groups, and donepezil hydrochloride group. The learning and memory impairment was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of scopola-mine. The learning and memory abilities of mice were detected by Morris water maze test, and the damage of hippocampal neurons and cortical neurons was detected based on Nissl staining. The expression of neuron specific nuclear protein(NeuN) in hippocampus and cortex of mice was determined by immunofluorescence assay, and the content of acetylcholine(Ach) and the activity of acetylcholines-terase(AchE) in hippocampus of mice by kits. Moreover, the content of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase(CAT), and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in serum of mice was detected. The content of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) in hippocampus was determined by Western blot. The results showed that there were significant differences in the trajectory map of mice among different groups in the behavioral experiment. Moreover, the latency of ESP groups decreased significantly compared with that in the model group. The hippocampal neurons in the high-dose ESP group were significantly more than those in the model group and the cortical neurons in the high-dose and medium-dose ESP groups were significantly more than those in the model group. The expression of NeuN in the model group was significantly decreased compared with that in the blank group, and the expression in the ESP groups was significantly higher than that in the model group. The AchE activity and MDA level were significantly decreased, and Ach content and levels of SOD, CAT, and T-AOC in the ESP groups were significantly increased in the ESP groups compared with those in the model group. The expression of Keap1 in the model group was significantly increased compared with that in the blank group, and the Keap1 expression increased insignificantly in ESP groups compared with that in the model group. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was significantly lower in the model group than in the blank group, and the expression was significantly higher in the medium-dose ESP group than in the model group. In conclusion, ESP protected mice against the scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

The present study investigated the mechanism of the Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills(ESP) against the liver injury induced by acetaminophen(APAP) in mice based on the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)/nuclear transcription factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2) and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) p65 signaling pathways. Kunming mice were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) group, and high-(400 mg·kg~(-1)), medium-(200 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-dose(100 mg·kg~(-1)) ESP groups. After 14 days of continuous administration, except for those in the control group, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 mg·kg~(-1) APAP. After 12 h, the serum and liver tissues of mice were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed on pathological sections of the liver, and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) in the serum and the levels of glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), myeloperoxidase(MPO), and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in liver tissue homogenate were detected to observe and analyze the protective effect of ESP on APAP-induced liver injury in mice. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β), and interleukin-6(IL-6) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The protein expression of Nrf2, Keap1, TLR4, and NF-κB p65 in the liver was determined by Western blot. Quantitative real-time was used to determine the mRNA expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit(GCLM), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1(NQO-1) in the liver to explore the mechanism of ESP in improving APAP-induced liver damage in mice. As revealed by results, compared with the model group, the ESP groups showed improved liver pathological damage, decreased ALT and AST levels in the serum and MDA and MPO content in the liver, increased GSH, SOD, CAT, and T-AOC in the liver, reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the serum, down-regulated expression of Keap1 in the liver cytoplasm and NF-κB p65 in the liver nucleus, up-regulated expression of Nrf2 in the liver nucleus, insignificant change in TLR4 expression, and elevated relative mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, and NQO-1. ESP can reduce the oxidative damage and inflammation caused by APAP, and the mechanism may be related to the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and the signal transduction factors on the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway.

This paper aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of the Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills on α-naphthalene isothiocyanate(ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats based on the farnesol X receptor(FXR) signaling pathway. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) group, Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills low, medium and high dose groups(0.09, 0.18, 0.36 g·kg~(-1)). A prophylactic dosing regimen was used in the experiment. From the 1 st to 4 th days, the UDCA group and the Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills suspension groups received prophylactic gavage administration; on the 5 th day, the blank control group was given an equal volume of olive oil blank reagent, and the remaining groups were given ANIT modeling reagent. Administration was continued on day 5 to 6 in each administration group. Forty-eight hours after modeling on the 7 th day, blood was collected from the femoral artery of rats. Serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), direct bilirubin(DBIL), total bilirubin(TBIL), and total bile acid(TBA) levels were detected, and liver histopathological changes were observed. The relative expression changes of FXR, SHP, CYP7 A1, MRP2, MRP3, NTCP, BSEP mRNA in liver tissues were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative method, and the expression changes of FXR, SHP, UGT2 B4 protein in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. The results showed that the Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills significantly reduced the levels of ALT, ALP, DBIL, TBIL and TBA in the serum of the ANIT mo-del rats(P&lt;0.01, P&lt;0.05), significantly up-regulated the mRNA expressions of SHP and NTCP(P&lt;0.01, P&lt;0.05), significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of CYP7 A1 and MRP3(P&lt;0.01, P&lt;0.05); and significantly up-regulated the protein expressions of FXR and SHP(P&lt;0.01, P&lt;0.05). The Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills have an obvious protective effect on ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the bile acid metabolism mediated by the FXR signaling pathway.

Objective: To discuss through retrospective study associated factors influencing orthodontists to develop orthodontic treatment plans and to calculate constituent ratio of a typical extraction in orthodontic treatment., Methods: Systematic sampling was performed among 7 344 orthodontic patients, who received orthodontic treatment from April 2012 to March 2014 in the Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University. The study included statistical data on factors that may influence development of treatment plans. Samples were used to calculate extraction-ratio and atypical-extraction-ratio. Research focused on associated factors influencing development of treatment plans while evaluating correlation significances of each factor. Finally, treatment outcomes of atypical-extraction were compared with those of typical-extraction., Results: Among studied patients, 55.31% (406/734) received orthodontic extraction treatment. In orthodontic-extraction-treated patients, typical-extraction accounted for 59.11% (240/406), orthodontists-selected atypical-extraction accounted for 23.15% (94/406), and passive atypical-extraction accounted for 17.73% (72/406). With statistical analysis, we inferred associated factors influencing development of treatment plans as follows: sex and age of patients, sex of orthodontists, accurate condition of specific teeth, Angle's classification, and degree of midline deviation. Tooth loss before treatment also directly influences passive atypical-extraction. Statistically significant factors were not obtained. Significant difference of treatment outcome was not observed between atypical-extraction and typical-extraction-orthodontic treatment (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Above mentioned factors may influence orthodontists to develop treatment plans. However, orthodontists should also consider expected results of treatment strategies to prepare individual treatment plans on the basis of comprehensive analysis. 
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DNA methylation and demethylation are two important mechanisms of epigenetics, which is important in the study of cell differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. During osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, the expression of osteogenic specific genes and demethylated promoters is upregulated, whereas the expression of pluripotent genes and hypermethylated promoters is downregulated. The dynamic changes and balance between DNA methylation and demethylation are important for the coordination of gene expression and the inhibition of improper phenotypes. Abnormal changes in the methylation modification mechanism in osteogenic differentiation not only affect the normal function of stem cells but are also associated with the occurrence and development of many common skeletal diseases. This paper reviews the new progress of DNA methylation and demethylation in regulating osteogenic differentiation. The possible skeletal diseases caused by abnormal DNA methylation are also presented.

The environmental behavior and bioavailability of selenium (Se) in soils are greatly affected by its adsorption on soil components, which are largely discrepant with the different physicochemical properties of soils. 18 kinds of farmland soils with various physicochemical properties in China were used in batch adsorption experiments in this study to explore the influencs of soil pH, amorphous iron, aluminum oxides, organic matter and mechanical composition on the adsorption of SeO 4 2- . The results showed that the adsorption of SeO 4 2- on 18 soils was an initially fast phase followed by a slow process, during which the adsorption equilibrium was reached at 24 h. Second-order kinetic model( R 2 >0.976)and Freundlich isothermal model( R 2 >0.842)were the fittest for most of the adsorption process. SeO 4 2- adsorption capacity of soil was negatively correlated with soil pH value ( P <0.01) and the content of carbonate ( P <0.05), while positively correlated with the content of amorphous iron, aluminum oxides ( P <0.01) and organic matter content ( P <0.05). The partition coefficient of solid to liquid ( K d values) of SeO 4 2- in adsorption process for all the 18 soil types were very low and without big differences(0.99 L·kg -1 -18.18 L·kg -1 ). The desorption rates for all tested soils were above 80%, which indicated the reversibility of SeO 4 2- adsorption in soil. It was inferred from the above that the low K d and high desorption rate reflected that selenate was featured by easy migration and leaching in soil, which should be emphasized in the regional evaluation and regulation of Se level.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of bio-impedance spectroscopy (BIS) analysis for marginal tissue malignancy/benignancy identification during Breast-Conserving Surgery (BCS)., Methods: A multicenter parallel-group clinical trial was conducted with the patients who received breast conserving surgery in 2 hospitals. One hundred and fifty breast tissue specimens were collected and analyzed by BIS, frozen section biopsy and paraffin section biopsy respectively. Results were compared and statistical analysis was implemented., Results: For BIS technique to identify malignant/benign marginal tissues, the sensitivity was 92.98%, and the specificity was 94.62%. The coherence of BIS results and frozen section biopsy results was significant, and the Kappa value was higher than 0.75. The mean measuring time of BIS was 2.63 min, which was shorter than frozen section biopsy (18.97 min) and paraffin section biospy (1.12 d)., Conclusion: BIS technique likely has high accuracy in tissue identification so has potential to be adopted as a real-time indicator for marginal tissue malignancy/benignancy identification during breast-conserving surgery.

In this study, the herpetin (HPT) lyophilized liposome was prepared, and its saftey and pharmacodynamics were evaluated. HPT lyophilized liposome was prepared by thin-film ultrasonication method. The lyoprotectant was optimized using particle size and encapsulation efficiency as indexes. Then, the influencing factors of HPT lyophilized liposome were investigated. In addition, preliminary safety and therapy efficiency of HPT lyophilized liposome to liver injury induced by CCl4 in the mice. The optimal lyoprotectant was 5% sucrose plus 5% lactose and the dispersed HPT lyophilized liposomes were spherical with the mean diameter of (107.0 ± 1.2) nm and the mean encapsulation efficiency of (99.7 ± 0.50)%. The lyophilized powder was sensitive to temperature, humidity and illumination. None of hemolysis, hemagglutination and vein irritation was observed after intravenous injection of HPT lyophilized liposomes into rabbits. HPT lyophilized liposome showed obviously therapy efficiency to liver injury induced by CCl4 in the mice. The improvements of ALT, AST and ALP were better than that in HPT free drug. The obtained HPT lyophilized liposome met the standard of CP with fine particle size and encapsulation efficiency after dispersion. The HPT lyophilized liposome showed good safety and enhanced the treatment efficacy of HPT. The HPT lyophilized liposome should be stored in low temperature, sealed condition far away from light.