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BACKGROUND: So far, the subversive treatment of traumatic brain injury is very limited. The combination of medicine and engineering has brought new prospects for the repair and regeneration of central nervous system nerves. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of collagen/silk fibroin scaffold that can carry seed cells and is safe and porous, combined with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on traumatic brain injury in beagle dogs. METHODS: (1) Passage 3 human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated onto collagen/silk fibroin scaffold. The growth of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, scanning electron microscope, immunofluorescence staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining. (2) Twenty-four beagle dogs were randomly divided into four groups. In the trauma group, only the traumatic brain injury model was established without other treatment. In the stem cell group, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted after model establishment. In the scaffold group, the collagen/silk fibroin scaffold was transplanted after model establishment. In the combination group, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and collagen/silk fibroin scaffold were transplanted after model establishment. The grafts were all transplanted locally in the injured area. At 1 day, 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after operation, a modified Glasgow Coma Scale was performed respectively. Motor-evoked potentials were detected at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation. At 6 months after operation, magnetic resonance imaging and in situ hybridization of brain tissue repair RNA were performed to evaluate the recovery of traumatic brain injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells attached to collagen/silk fibroin scaffold surface grew well and extended many pseudopods. Modified Glasgow Coma Scale score of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the trauma group, stem cell group and scaffold group at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). The latency and amplitude of motor-evoked potential of the combination group at 1, 3 and 6 months were significantly better than those of the trauma group under different constant pressure stimuli (P < 0.01). Diffusion tensor imaging of magnetic resonance scanning showed that the integrity of the corticospinal tract in the combination group was better than that in the trauma, stem cell and scaffold groups, and a new corticospinal tract could be seen on the injured side. The results of in situ hybridization of brain tissue repair RNA demonstrated that the expression levels of synaptophysin, microtubule-associated protein 2, von Willebrand factor, neurofilament protein and MBP in the combination group were more than those in the trauma, stem cell and scaffold groups. It is indicated that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with collagen/silk fibroin scaffold play an active role in corticospinal tract regeneration, motor function recovery, angiogenesis and neurite growth in dogs with traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC), known as van der Knaap disease, is a rare chromosomal disorder. The clinical and MRI features of MLC are reviewed. Methods Clinical and MRI data of 9 children (6 boys, 3 girls; age range: 1 month to 10 years, median age: 14 months) with genetically confirmed MLC were retrospective analyzed. Results All children presented with enlarged head circumference and developmental delay. Brain MRI showed diffuse swelling of the white matter, bilateral temporal subcortical cysts and normal central gray matter. The white matter involvement included bilateral cerebellar hemispheres (4), posterior limbs of internal capsules (4), external capsules (4), corticospinal tracts (3), anterior limbs of internal capsules (2), and corpora callosa (4). 3 children had enlarged lateral ventricles. In 3 patients with diffusion-weighted imaging, the affected partshowed increased ADC. Conclusion Some clinical and MRI features including edema of anterior limbs of the internal capsules and corpus callosum suggest MLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The ischemic stroke rehabilitation is the hotspot of the current research and much new cognition about it has been yielded in the past decade. So it is necessary to analyze the research regarding ischemic stroke rehabilitation qualitatively and quantitatively. OBJECTIVE: To analyze publications of ischemic stroke rehabilitation in detail, to explore the main research forces and research status in the past decade, and to identify the current research hotspots and frontiers in this field. METHODS: The literatures on ischemic stroke rehabilitation published from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved in Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection (SCIEXPANDED) on February 1, 2020. The global literatures and the first 100 articles with the most citations were analyzed based on WoS, involving the number of annual publications, authors, journals, institutions, countries/territories, funding, and citations. CiteSapace software was used to analyze global literature data and generate the visual atlas. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 3 098 literatures were obtained. The number of publications increased gradually from 175 in 2010 to 442 in 2017, with 367 in 2018 and 424 in 2019. The United States Department of Health Human Services financed the most studies. A total of 775 journals published literature in this field. Journal of Stroke Cerebrovascular Diseases was the journal with the largest number of publications (n=150), and the most cited journal was Stroke (5 999 citations). A total of 82 countries/territories, 4 015 institutions, and 14 676 authors published literature in this field. The top three countries and institutions with the most publications were the United States, China, Canada, and the University of Toronto, the Capital Medical University, and the University of Calgary. Kirton A and Bernhardt J were the most productive (n=25) and influential (903 citations) authors, respectively. The article of Feigin VL, et al. published in Lancet in 2014 was the most representative reference. Therapeutic-induced mechanism, corticospinal tract damage, cell-based therapy, consensus-based core recommendation, and motor function recovery are the basic frameworks in this field. The hotspots in this field mainly focus on patient individual treatment, gait, and cell-based therapy. Cost, nitric oxide synthase, functional MRI, long-term potentiation, neural regeneration and aphasia were the research frontiers. The rehabilitation of ischemic stroke showed great potential for development. We found that the development directions of this field mainly focus on the dysfunction of patients after ischemic stroke, specific effective rehabilitation interventions such as brain stimulation, cell therapy, and the effects of rehabilitation measures on neuroprotection, angiogenesis, hemodynamics and other specific mechanisms. Global scientific research cooperation is necessary to promote further development in the field of ischemic stroke rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite-geltin composite has good biocompatibility and osteoinductivity, and can used be as tissue engineering scaffold to repair bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of three-dimensional (3D) printed hydroxyapatite/gelatin scaffold combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical vein endothelial cells in repairing rabbit skull defects. METHODS: Nine male New Zealand white rabbits were taken to establish a skull defect model with a diameter of approximately 0.8 cm, and randomly divided into three groups: blank group: no any treatment; control group: only 3D printed hydroxyapatite-geltin scaffold; experimental group: 3D printed hydroxyapatite-geltin scaffold and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells complex group, with three rabbits in each group. At 8 weeks after the operation, CT scan of the skull pyramid beam and histological observation of the skull defect were performed on the white rabbits of each group. Animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Jining Medical College. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) CT scan of pyramidal tract: Blank group showed obvious bone defects, and the defect area was slightly radiopaque with the edges of the surrounding normal bone tissue. Control group showed some new bone formation, which was discontinuous and inconsistent with the surrounding bone tissue. Experimental group showed that the new bone tissue was linear and continuous; the thickness was thin; and the defect area merged with the adjacent bone tissue edge. (2) Histological observation: Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining showed that fibrous connective tissue formation and a small amount of free bone cells were seen in the defect area of the blank group. A small amount of bone formation was seen in the control group. Bone matrix was deposited at the edge of the material, replacing the material to form small bone trabeculae. The material space of the experimental group was gradually replaced by new bone, and the defect area was filled with new bone and trabecular bone structure-like tissue. (3) The results show that the 3D bionic printing hydroxyapatite-geltin scaffold combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can effectively promote the growth of bone tissue and accelerate the repair of bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and gene mutation of a CADASIL pedigree. Methods: Clinical data of 3 CADASIL patients from the same family were collected, and whole exon sequencing was performed on 3 patients and the elder brother of the proband. Results: The clinical manifestations of the 3 patients in this family were diverse, and all the female patients had a history of headache. The onset of the disease occurred in the middle age of the proband and the elder sister of the proband. The clinical manifestations of propositie patients are lack of specificity, mainly manifested as dizziness, normal cognitive function examination, and mild anxiety and depression in psychological evaluation. The elder sister of the proband mainly showed pseudobulbar paralysis and impaired pyramidal tract, and cognitive function examination showed severe dementia. The daughter of the proband had been diagnosed with epileptia-aphasia since she was 4 years old. The head MRI showed that the white matter of the 3 members of the family fell into a pattern that gradually developed with age. WES showed that the 4 exon of the NOTCH3 gene had a heterozygous mutation: c.520 T > G,which led to the amino acid change p.cys174 gly. Conclusion: The clinical expression of this family family caused by NOTCH3 gene c.520 T > G showed diversity. Moreover, the next generation of this family had earlier onset of disease, and its clinical expression could be more heterogeneous than that of its nadraden. The imaging expression of this family family could emerge in the adolescent period and show a tendency of aggravation. WES showed that the mutation of NOTCH3 gene in the family was a heterozygous mutation of exon 4,and the mutation of this site to CADASIL was first reported in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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