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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse class of peptides ubiquitously present in nature, showcasing a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Due to their distinctive antibacterial mechanisms, they are considered a novel alternative to conventional antibiotics. In recent decades, substantial research has been conducted on AMPs. However, challenges persist in the development and application of these peptides, including difficulties extraction in vivo, high production costs, systemic cytotoxicity, and instability in physiological conditions. Consequently, scientists employ natural AMPs as a model to generate derived peptides with the aim of creating novel peptide drugs that possess enhanced potency and reduced toxicity. The process of experimental peptide design is deep concerned by its time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly nature. However, with the continuous advancement of computational methods, publicly accessible databases now offer substantial amounts of AMPs data. These databases serve as a valuable resource for the development and construction of novel AMPs. In this paper, the existing AMP databases and database-aided design methods are reviewed with the aim to provide reference for drug development of AMPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of 16 peptide antibiotics （PPTs） in feed was established based on dispersed solid-phase extraction and purification combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted by 1% trichloroacetic acid （aq） -methanol solution, and purified by dispersed solid-phase extraction of octadecyl silica gel （Cl8） before being measured on the machine. In electrospray positive ionization mode, multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode was used to quantify the matrix-matched correction curve. The results showed that the linear relationship of PPTs is good in the corresponding concentration range, the correlation coefficient （便）was larger than 0.99, the detection limit was （）.4〜12.1 p,g/kg, and the quantification limit was 1.4~40.4 p,g/kg. The average recovery rate （n=6） and relative standard deviation （RSD） of PPTs in feed were 8（）』）％~1_14.4%, and the relative standard deviation （RSD） was 2.33%~9.51%. The results show that the method is simple, accurate and reliable, with high sensitivity, short analysis time and high reproducibility, and can be widely used in the rapid screening and routine monitoring of 16 PPTs in feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteriocins are ribosomally-synthesized small peptides produced by bacteria, which show good antimicrobial activities against many Gram-positive pathogens and antibiotic resistant bacteria, and are widely distributed in the rumens of ruminants. Based on the structure, bacteriocins are divided into post-translationally modified bacteriocins and non post-tranlationally modified bacteriocins. They usually have amphiphilic structures and are positively charged. Bacteriocins form holes in the target cell membrane, which lead to the outflow of contents and inhibit the synthesis of the target cell wall, protein or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Bacteriocins can stimulate rumen development, participate in rumen fermentation and microbial system regulation, reduce the production of methane and ammonia, and are used for prevention or treatment of cow mastitis. The article reviews the classification, biological synthesis, mode of action of bacteriocins and their application in ruminants, to provide references for better development of bacteriocin products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper was to explore the biological function of the antimicrobial peptide Caerin 2.1, and to analyze the characteristics of the antimicrobial peptide Caerin 2.1 by the online bioinformatics software. The results showed that Caerin 2.1, an antimicrobial peptide derived from bombesin, was composed of 25 amino acids and was a cationic polypeptide. Its secondary structure mainly contained an α -helix, a few β structures and irregular curls. Its theoretical isoelectric point was 9.99, and its net charge was +2. It was stable, hydrophobic, expressed intracellularly and had three phosphorylation sites. The study indicates that the prediction analysis of Caerin 2.1 can provide information basis for modification of natural antimicrobial peptides to obtain stable and safe alternatives to antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial peptides are important components of animal non-specific immunity, which have the characteristics of no pollution, no residue, broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, and are not easy to develop drug resistance, and have broad application prospects in aquaculture. However, the action mechanism, usage and dosage of antibacterial peptide were still unclear, and the cost is relatively high. The article introduces the structural characteristics and physical and chemical properties of antimicrobial peptides, elaborates the functions of antimicrobial peptides in antibacterial, barrier and immune regulation, and review the effect of antimicrobial peptides on inhibiting common pathogens, improving growth performance, improving nutritional composition, enhancing immune and antioxidant properties, regulating intestinal flora and improving water quality in aquaculture, to provide reference for the rational application of antimicrobial peptides in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：The human-derived antimicrobial peptide (AMPs) histatin 5 (Hst5) and LL-37 were used as the parents to design a novel heterozygous peptide H5LL, and to construct a recombinant lactic acid bacteria expression vector by genetic engineering technology to achieve the efficient and safe expression of the AMPs. Methods：Bioinformatics method was used to predict the physicochemical parameters, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, shear sites, phosphorylation sites, signal peptides and transmembrane regions, subcellular localization, and secondary structure of H5LL; the target sequence and the empty plasmid pMG36e were doubly digested by Hind Ⅲ and Kpn Ⅰ, then the lactic acid bacteria recombinant expression vector pMG36e-H5LL was constructed and cloned to obtain the recombinant plasmid containing the target genes. Results：H5LL had a high possibility of being an AMPs, contained 36 amino acids, the relative molecular weight was 4 625 380，the total charge number was +10, which had hydrophilicity; there were 3 phosphorylation sites and there was no glycosylation site; H5LL belonged to intramembrane protein, without transmembrane region and signal peptide；the subcellular localization prediction results showed that the possibility of mitochondrial targeting peptide was 0. 333. The α -helix junction and β-turned angle accounted for 52. 78% and 22. 22% in the secondary structure, and the number of α-helix was the highest in the tertiary structure. The PCR electrophoresis results of recombinant plasmid contained target gene showed a single specific band at 138 bp; the recombinant plasmid double digestion electrophoresis results showed the clear bands at 136 and 3 500 bp. Conclusion：The novel heterogeneous peptide H5LL is designed and synthesized with high stability, antibacterial activity and low toxicity；the recombinant lactic acid bacteria expression vector pMG36e-H5LL is successfully constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to explore Chinese medicine effective component from the rest of use value of waste liquid. Using chemical analysis method and AGAR plate punching method to assess the nutritional value and antibacterial effect, the determination of benefit, resistance to cold qingrejiedu, promote digestion and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis four categories a total of 21 kinds of commonly used traditional Chinese medical conventional nutrients content and pH value changes, to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Chinese patent medicine dregs on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium. The results showed that the dry matter content of Tongmai granule (sucrose added) was the highest (99.10%), and that of Pharyngitis tablet was the lowest (71.86%). The crude protein (14.83%) and crude fat (9.52%) of Shenantler Bushen tablet were the highest, the crude protein (5.13%) of Ganmaoling capsule was the lowest, and the crude fat (0.88%) of Xiaomi Shuan was the lowest. Wujiashen Guiqi essence crude fiber content was the highest (61.68%), Liqi Shuxin tablet crude fiber content was the lowest (18.23%). The content of neutral detergent fiber (83.12%) and acid detergent fiber (69.98%) in compound Dantong tablet was the highest, the content of neutral detergent fiber in Liqi Shuxin tablet was the lowest (47.58%), and the content of acid detergent fiber in Care-guan preparation was the lowest (27.61%). The ash content of Qinglin granule was the highest (35.90%), and Baobao Le was the lowest (3.55%). Ginseng antler Bushen tablet, Qingliang Buccal tablet, pharyngitis tablet, Tongqiaobiyan tablet, Lianhua Qingwen capsule, Tongmai granule (without sucrose) and Danning tablet have certain antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium, and the antibacterial effect of different Chinese medicinal dregs are different. The experiment indicates that 21 kinds of Chinese medicine dregs all have certain nutritional value and bacteriostatic effect, which can be used as substitutes for bulk feed materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] This paper aimed to isolate and identify the pathogen species of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco in Tongwang farm of Han chuan city, Hubei province, and the characteristics of its effects on the expression of antimicrobial peptide gene in host were analyzed, so as to provide a research basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease. [Method] The pathogen PA-5 from the liver of diseased Pel teobagrus fulvidraco by line culture was isolated. Gram staining and microscopic observation showed that the morphology of the pathogen was rod-shaped and gram-negative. The pathogen was sensitive to d-Gluconic acid, malonic acid and glucose, but insensitive to myxin, aescin and arabinose. The 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences of the strain were analyzed by multiplex PCR. [Result] It was found that the charac teristic sequence of the strain was similar to that of P. aeruginosa, the genetic relationship was close, and after synthesis, the pathogen was identified as P. aeruginosa. At the same time, the expression of antimicrobial peptide gene PCl / PC2 / PC3 in the host was analyzed after the pathogen was infected with P.fulvidraco. P. aeruginosa PA5 ( 3. 0 x 106 CFU/ mL) was injected into the abdominal cavity of P. fulvidraco, and the liver, kidney and epidermis of P. fulvidraco were dissected 0 - 96 hours after infection. Then the total RNA of P. fulvidraco was obtained by Trizol kit, the cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and the expres sion characteristics of antibacterial peptide gene PCl / PC2 / PC3 gene in P. fulvidraco was analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. After P. aeruginosa PA-5 infected P. fulvidraco, the rela tive expression of antimicrobial peptide gene PCl / PC2 / PC3 in liver tissue was higher than that in control group at 24 and 36 hours ( P < 0. 05) ; The relative expression level of antimicrobial peptide gene PCl / PC2 / PC3 in host kidney tissue was higher than that in control group at 24 and 36 hours (P < 0.05); The relative expression of antimicrobial peptide gene PCl / PC2 / PC3 in host epidermis was 36, 48 hours was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0. 05) . The expression of antimicrobial peptide gene in liver, kidney and epidermis increased rapidly, but the reaction time of liver and kidney was earlier than that of epidermis. [Conclusion] Therefore, P. aeruginosa PA-5 was the main pathogen of P. fulvidraco in Tongwang farm of Hanchuan city, Hubei province. The host antimicrobial peptide gene PC1/PC2/ PC3 would respond positively to the infection of P. aeruginosa in Tongwang farm of Hanchuan city, Hubei province, which were conductive to antimicrobial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology is the property of Hebei University of Science & Technology, Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology is the property of Hebei University of Science & Technology, Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[ Objectives] The purpose of this paper was to study whether drug-resistant baeteria hao! cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity to other antibiotics. [Methods]The susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined by two-fold dilution method, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was selected as the target strain nor experimental induction. Then, the susceptibility of single-antibiotic resistant strains to other antibiotics was studied. Secondary induction was performed with antibiotics which produced collateral sensitivity, and changes in drug resistance were observed. [ Results] After 30 days experimental induction on ATCC 27853 with single antibiotic, the strains were resistant to the induced drugs except for the peptides. And the minimum inhibitor)' concentration( MIC)of the peptides also increased. The drug sensitivity test of the obtained drug-resistant strains showed that the drug-resistant strains would have cross-resistance to other antibiotics in the same type of antibiotics, and might also have collateral sensitivity to other types of antibiotics. However, the law of collateral sensitivity was not obvious compared with cross-resistance. After secondary inductions with different types of drugs, it was found that seven drug-resistant strains were more sensitive to the original drug-resistant antibiotics, and the drug resistance was reduced. [Conclusions]P. aeruginosa is susceptible to obtaining drug resistance when exposed to antibiotics, and is accompanied by cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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