Search

Rice bran extract (RBE) is a nutritional substance isolated from rice bran. Due to its high content of bioactive components and its good antioxidant capacity, RBE has unique advantages in the food and health fields. Furthermore, the types and contents of bioactive compounds obtained vary depending on the raw materials and preparation methods used. This review systematically discusses the common preparation methods, functional properties and application status of RBE in the context of recent research on it, and points out the shortcomings of the current research. Next, this paper explores the potential application value of RBE in the food and health fields and future research hotspots, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the intensive processing of rice bran.

Photocatalytic assisted uranium extraction technology is a rapidly developed technology for uranium extraction from wastewater and seawater in recent years, which can significantly improve the extraction capacity and extraction rate of uranium. However, the activity of most photocatalysts in air atmosphere is inhibited, which hinders the practical application of this technology. Based on this, this paper discusses the latest progress of photocatalytic assisted uranium extraction technology in air atmosphere, focusing on the analysis of different mechanisms and product characteristics of photocatalytic assisted uranium extraction in air atmosphere, especially the photoreaction and chemical reaction mechanism in the absence of catalyst. There are mainly two mechanisms for the photocatalysis assist uranium extraction. The first one is based on the photocatalytic reduction of U(Ⅵ) to U(Ⅳ). Under illumination, electrons and holes pairs are generated on photocatalysts, and the electrons could reduce the soluble \begin{document}${\mathrm{UO}}_2^{2+} $\end{document} to insoluble uranium oxide(UO2). However, under air atmosphere, at the presence of oxygen, the newly formed UO2 could be oxidated back to \begin{document}${\mathrm{UO}}_2^{2+} $\end{document} and dissolved into solution, resulting in the decrease of uranium extraction performance. Therefore, this mechanism is usually applied under inert atmosphere. Although with proper design of photocatalyst, the oxygen could be covert to \begin{document}${ · {\mathrm{O}}_2^- } $\end{document} to further reduce \begin{document}${\mathrm{UO}}_2^{2+} $\end{document}, the performance is still not comparable with that under inert atmosphere. The other recently developed photocatalysis assisted extraction mechanism is based on the convert of soluble \begin{document}${\mathrm{UO}}_2^{2+} $\end{document} to uranium peroxide((UO2)O2•xH2O), which can work well under air atmosphere. Under light illumination, hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) can be first produced with the assist of efficient photocatalysts or the photoactivity of \begin{document}${\mathrm{UO}}_2^{2+} $\end{document} itself. Then H2O can react with to \begin{document}${\mathrm{UO}}_2^{2+} $\end{document} form insoluble uranium peroxide. As uranium peroxide is stable under air and oxygen may contribute to the formation of H2O2, this mechanism can obtain excellent performance under air. Researchers have developed composite materials such as carbon nitride, carbon dots, graphene aerogels, and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), which exhibit superior uranium removal performance under aerobic conditions. Besides, research on uranium extraction via photocatalysis under air is still in its infancy, and the specific reaction mechanisms may vary under different environments, necessitating further investigation. Based on the mechanism of uranium extraction via the photo-assisted transformation to uranium peroxides, the design of catalysts and uranium extraction materials will be greatly broadened. Combined with the discussion of the reaction mechanism of uranium extraction under light conditions and the design of catalyst materials, we hope to provide inspiration for researchers to develop highly efficient uranium extraction catalyst and mechanism research under air atmosphere.

Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is not only a half-reaction of water-splitting to produce hydrogen, but also an important half-reaction of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen reduction, nitrate reduction, organic small molecule reduction, and metal-air batteries. The OER process is driven by a four-electron mechanism. Due to the slow and complex kinetics of the electrocatalytic OER and its strong oxidation characteristics, studying the oxidative reconstruction rules and catalytic mechanisms of electrode materials in the OER process is of great significance to improve the efficiency of the OER. As a kind of metal-free electrode materials, carbon materials are widely used in electrocatalysis, which has become a potential electrocatalyst for OER due to their low price, abundant reserves, and high activity stability. At present, oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of carbon materials have been proven to be active sites for OER. However, the deactivation mechanism of carbon materials at higher oxidation potentials during the OER process remains unclear due to a lack of understanding of the active site evolution mechanism. Correctly identifying the active sites of carbon materials under oxygen evolution conditions has become a research hotspot in the field. However, ex-situ characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are difficult to reflect the catalytic behavior of carbon materials under working conditions. In this study, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) was used to monitor the structural changes of carbon material during the OER process with graphite as the model material. The effects of applied voltage and pH value of electrolyte on graphite oxidation were investigated respectively. By changing the applied potential and the pH value of the electrolyte, we found that graphite firstly oxidizes itself to form oxygen-containing functional groups under acidic (pH 0), neutral (pH 7), and alkaline (pH 14) conditions. As the potential increases, the graphite begins to produce CO2 and CO at 1.6 V vs. RHE over the full pH value range, and the content of CO2 gradually augments as the potential increases. The generation potential of O2 is higher than that of CO2 under acidic condition, and the opposite is true under alkaline condition. Therefore, graphite can be used as an OER catalyst under alkaline condition in a certain potential range. This work not only reveals the structural transformation rules and corresponding evolution products of carbon materials in the full pH value range under electrochemical oxidation conditions, but also proposes a feasible potential operating range when carbon materials are used as OER catalysts.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis, is predominant in young adults and children. Corticosteroid therapy has been controversial over several past decades. TESTING (Therapeutic Effects of Steroids in IgA Nephropathy Global) study, initiated in 2012, is an international, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled trial for evaluating oral methylprednisolone’s safety and long-term efficacy under conditions of optimized supportive treatment in IgAN patients at an elevated risk of progression. After one decade of efforts, successful completion of TESTING indicated that a 6 to 9 month course of oral methylprednisolone has been an effective regimen of protecting kidney function in high-risk IgAN patients. Some safety concerns persisted. Compared with a full-dose regimen, reduced-dose regimen was beneficial with higher safety. Overall, the TESTING trial provided more robust data regarding the treatment dosage and safety of corticosteroids. It has important implications for IgAN children. With a deeper pathogenetic understanding of IgAN, ongoing studies of novel therapeutic regimens shall further optimize the benefit-risk ratio.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of infection - associated autoimmune encephalitis (IAE) with different antibodies in Xinjiang region, and to explore the diagnostic value of relevant laboratory indicators for IAE. Methods A total of 47 patients with IAE diagnosed and treated in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uiger Autonomous Region from January 2018 to October 2023 were enrolled, including 18 cases (38.30%) of anti - leucine - rich glioma - inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody - associated encephalitis, 16 cases (34.04%) of anti - N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, 8 cases (17.02%) of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated encephalitis, and 5 cases (10.64%) of anti-γ -aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABABR) encephalitis. Social demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory and other examinations were collected, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of relevant laboratory indicators for IAE. Results The age of onset (χ2 = 9.500, P = 0.023), myasthenia (χ2 = 9.967, P = 0.019), vision loss (χ2 = 9.967, P = 0.019) and seizures (χ2 = 8.046, P = 0.045), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (χ2 = 15.237, P = 0.002) and chloride (F = 4.156, P = 0.011) in patients with anti - LGI1 antibody - associated encephalitis, anti - NMDAR encephalitis, anti - MOG antibody - associated encephalitis and anti - GABABR encephalitis were statistically significant. The age of onset in patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was larger than that in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (Z = - 2.384, P = 0.017) and anti- MOG antibody-associated encephalitis (Z = - 2.420, P = 0.016). The CSF white blood cell count in patients with anti - NMDAR encephalitis was higher than that in patients with anti - LGI1 antibody - associated encephalitis (Z = - 3.307, P = 0.001) and anti-MOG antibody-associated encephalitis (Z = - 2.835, P = 0.005). CSF chloride was higher in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (t = 3.159, P = 0.007) and anti-GABABR encephalitis (t = - 4.592, P = 0.007) than in patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of age of onset for diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibodyassociated encephalitis was 0.722 (95%CI: 0.569-0.875, P = 0.012), the sensitivity was 0.556, the specificity was 0.821, and the cut-off value was 54.50 years old. The AUC of CSF white blood cell count in the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was 0.706 (95%CI: 0.558-0.855, P = 0.019), the sensitivity was 0.889, the specificity was 0.571, and the cut-off value was 4.50 × 106/L. The AUC in the diagnosis of anti - NMDAR encephalitis was 0.790 (95%CI: 0.643-0.937, P = 0.002), the sensitivity was 0.600, the specificity was 0.967, and the cut-off value was 13.50 × 106/L. The AUC of CSF chloride for the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.598-0.898, P = 0.005), with a sensitivity of 0.722 and a specificity of 0.714, and a cut-off value of 122.70 mmol/L. Conclusions IAE with different antibodies in Xinjiang region has specific clinical features. Age of onset, CSF white blood cell count and chloride have important value in the diagnosis of anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis, and CSF white blood cell count has important value in the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum level of immunoglobulin G4 （IgG4）, renal function and micro inflammatory status in patients with IgG4-related nephropathy. Methods From January 2018 to August 2022, 60 patients hsopiatlized with IgG4-related nephropathy were selected as study group while another 60 healthy volunteers chosen as control group in 1∶1 ratio based upon propensity matching. Serum level of IgG4, renal function parameters of serum creatinine （Scr）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） and 24 h urinary total protein quantification （24 hUTP） and micro inflammatory status [including interleukin-6 （IL-6）, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] were detected in both groups. Serum level of IgG4, renal function and micro inflammatory status were compared between two groups. Pearson’s method was employed for examining the correlation between serum level of IgG4, renal function and micro inflammatory status in study group. Logistic regression analysis was performed for determining the risk factors for renal insufficiency. Results Serum level of IgG4 [（67.75 ± 18.63） mg/L vs （6.54 ± 1.19） mg/L], Scr [（182.75 ± 32.69） μmol/L vs （75.40 ± 15.61） μmol/L], BUN [（10.15 ± 2.90） mmol/L vs （5.28 ± 1.04） mmol/L], IL-6 [（5.18 ± 1.04） ng/L vs （0.40 ± 0.05） ng/L], hs-CRP [（24.69 ± 5.06） mg/L vs （4.58 ± 0.92） mg/L], TNF-α [（6.85 ± 1.79） μg/L vs （1.18 ± 0.21） μg/L] and 24 hUTP [（182.75 ± 32.69） mg vs （89.75 ± 12.36） mg] were higher in study group than those in control group （P＜0.05）; eGFR was lower than that in control group [（90.10 ± 9.87） mL·min−1·（1.73 m2）−1 vs （104.36 ± 20.15） mL·min−1·（1.73 m2）−1] （P＜0.05）. Serum level of IgG4 was correlated positively with Scr, BUN, 24 hUTP, IL-6, hs-CRP and TNF-α （r = 0.586, 0.543, 0.575, 0.602, 0.596, 0.574, P＜0.05） and negatively with eGFR in study group （r = −0.602, P＜0.05）. The incidence of renal insufficiency was 78.33% in study group. Course of disease, hypertension and serum level of IgG4 were the influencing factors of renal insufficiency （OR = 3.190, 2.401, 3.466, P＜0.05）. Conclusions An elevated serum level of IgG4 in patients with IgG4-related nephropathy is correlated with renal function and micro inflammatory status. And course of disease, concurrent hypertension and serum IgG4 level are the influencing factors for renal insufficiency.

Polyphenol is one of the characteristic physical and chemical indexes of edible plant enzyme, which has the effects of anti-oxidation, reducing fat and anti-tumor. This paper reviews the composition of polyphenols in food plant enzyme products, the factors affecting the formation of polyphenols in food plant enzyme products, the health care effects of polyphenols, and the further research directions of polyphenols in edible plant enzymes are also prospected.

Four varieties in Northeast China rice were used as research materials, and starch bound lipids and free lipids in the rice were detected based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 371 types of free lipids (including glycerol phospholipids, glycerol esters, ceramides, and fatty acids) and 14 types of starch bound lipids (phospholipids) were detected from the four varieties of rice. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) results showed that the four different varieties of rice grains can be distinguished by starch bound lipids and free lipids. The results of this study provide technical support for revealing the lipid composition and lipid analysis of rice.

Objective To screen risk factors related to visual acuity and visual field defects in patients with Cushing's disease, and based on risk factors to analyze health economics. Methods A total of 416 patients with Cushing's disease admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from August 1994 to December 2019 were included. Objective examination of visual acuity and visual field was used as the dependent variable, while gender, age, duration, blood glucose, blood pressure, hormone level, eye swelling, imaging features, and main complaint of visual acuity and visual field were used as independent variables. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors related to visual acuity and visual field defects, and cost ⁃ effectiveness ratio (CER) and cost ⁃ benefit ratio (CBR) were analyzed based on risk factors. Results Among 416 patients with Cushing's disease, 143 (34.38%) complained of abnormal visual acuity and visual field, including 59 cases of blurred vision, 11 cases of impaired visual field, 41 cases of blurred vision combined with impaired visual field, 13 cases of blurred vision combined with impaired visual field, 3 cases of impaired visual field combined with impaired visual field, and 16 cases of all three symptoms. There were 102 cases (24.52%) with abnormal visual acuity and visual field test, including 44 cases of visual loss, 39 cases of visual field defect, and 19 cases of visual loss combined with visual field defect. Logistic regression analysis showed the increased systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.016, 95%CI: 1.002-1.030; P = 0.025) and abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints (OR = 14.000, 95%CI: 7.918-24.754; P = 0.000) were risk factors for visual acuity and visual field defects. According to the analysis of health economics, the CER of the whole group was 393 926.53, which was 6.56 times higher than that of the patients with abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints (60 057.93). The CBR was 4.08, which was 2.25 times higher than that of patients with abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints (1.81). Conclusions Cushing's disease patients with abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints are more likely to have abnormal visual acuity and visual field. Therefore, taking abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints as an indication for visual acuity and visual field test of Cushing's disease patients can improve the detection rate and reduce the waste of health and social resources, which is not only clinically feasible, but also can effectively prevent medical risks.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical features and comorbidity of attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) with self⁃limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) in children. Methods A total of 89 SeLECTS patients diagnosed in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from July 2020 to December 2022 were selected. The social demographic data, clinical manifestation, video electroencephalography (VEEG) results, treatment and prognosis of the children were collected. Swanson, Nolan and Pelham⁃Ⅳ Rating Scale (SNAP⁃Ⅳ) was used to assess the comorbidity of ADHD. Results 1) Clinical features: there were 49 males and 40 females in 89 cases of SeLECTS. The age of onset was 3-12 years old, with an average of (7.22 ± 2.04) years old. The main seizure forms were motor seizures of focal origin (36 cases, 40.45%) and focal progression to bilateral tonic ⁃ clonic seizures (46 cases, 51.69%), and 7 cases (7.87%) had both. Main manifestations were unilateral clonic or tonic⁃clonic seizures, drooling, strabismus or upward movement of eyes, abnormal oral movement, and throat vocalization. 2) EEG characteristics: background activity of VEEG of 56 patients was normal, and epileptiform discharge waveforms were mainly sharp (spike) waves, sharp (spike) slow waves complex, spike clusters, and electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES). Spike wave index (SWI) during slow wave sleep was 33.00 (19.25, 53.25). 3) Treatment and prognosis: 37 cases (41.57%) were seizure⁃free at least 6 months, and 23 cases (25.84%) were seizure⁃free at least 12 months. 4) Comorbidity: 44 patients (49.44%) had comorbid ADHD. Compared with the non⁃ADHD group, the ADHD group had a younger age of onset (t = 1.621, P = 0.002), a higher SWI (Z = ⁃ 2.134, P = 0.038) and a higher incidence of ESES (χ2 = 4.308, P = 0.038). Conclusions SeLECTS is a self⁃limited epilepsy syndrome in children with characteristic clinical and electroencephalographic features. For children with younger age, higher SWI and ESES, comorbid ADHD should be considered.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the feasibility of low-frequency electric field assisted controlled freezing-point storage (CFPS) technology improving the quality of shrimp. Methods: Low-frequency electric field was applied on the basis of controlled freezing-point storage (LFEF+CFPS) to preserve prawns, and the contents of malondialdehyde and salt soluble protein, as well as the changes of Ca2+-ATPase activity, pH value, shear force, color difference and protein molecular weight of prawns were monitored. Results: Compared with the conventional CFPS, the LFEF+CFPS had no significant effect on the content of malondialdehyde, salt-soluble protein, pH, shear force and color of prawn meat. However, after 3 days of storage, LFEF + CFPS treatment significantly inhibit the decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity, and the Ca2+-ATPase activity of LFEF+CFPS treatment group stored for 15 days was 2.20 times that of the CFPS treatment group. In addition, LFEF + CFPS treatment significantly inhibited the decrease in the density of myosin heavy chain, actin and tropomyosin bands. Conclusion: Compared with conventional CFPS treatment, LFEF + CFPS treatment significantly inhibited the decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity and protein degradation, maintained the stability of protein structure and properties, and slowed down the deterioration of prawn meat quality.

Objective: This study aimed to developed a novel fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 in milk samples. Methods: The pyrophosphate-Cu2+ coordination complex was hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase, and Cu2+ was released from copper nanoclusters as signal reporting probes. Key factors such as Cu2+ concentration, pyrophosphate concentration, and DNA template concentration and length were optimized. Results: Under the control of the optimized conditions, the method exhibited a good linear relationship (R2=0.980 8) with the target E. coli O157:H7 in the range of 5×104~1×108 CFU/mL. The limit of detection was 2.4×104 CFU/mL. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied to the determination of E. coli O157:H7 in samples of low-fat milk and skim milk. The average recovery was 92.2% ~ 108.5% with relative standard deviation 4.9% ~ 10.4%.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of present study was to analyze the acute effects of exergame on glucose control after glucose ingestion in individuals with pre- and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We enrolled 60 adults with pre-diabetes (Pre-DM, 58.1±9.2 years, n=20) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM, 61.7±9.9 years, n=40). We measured fingertip capillary blood glucose level at 10 min before, 30 min after, 60 min after and 120 min after the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). For the non-exergame control days, participants pursued normal daily activities but refrained from unusual strenuous physical activity. On the exercise days, participants conducted on exergame at 30 min after 75-g OGTT for 30 min. RESULTS Acute exergame reduced the glucose level 60 min, ∆BG30-60 and ∆BG60-120 after glucose ingestion compared to the control trials (p

Objective: This study aimed to develop a kind of green antibacterial and antioxidant food packaging film. Methods: Polyvinyl alcohol/nanocellulose crystal/pomegranate peel polyphenol composite antibacterial films were prepared by blending method with pomegranate peel polyphenol as functional active substance, and their properties were characterized. Results: The continuity of the film surface was affected by the addition of pomegranate peel polyphenols. When the addition of polyphenols in pomegranate peel was 5 times the minimum bacteriostatic concentration, the water permeability of the film increased by 28.79%, and the tensile strength, elongation at break, hydrophobicity and light transmittance decreased by 44.97%, 29.37%, 36.36% and 22.35%, respectively. The total phenol content was (5.92±0.17) mg/L, and the DPPH radical scavenging rate was (13.31±0.22)%. The film showed good bacteriostasis, and had the best bacteriostasis effect on Candida albicans, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The PVA/CNC/PPE composite antibacterial film has good performance and is a new active food packaging material. composite antibacterial film is a new type of active food packaging material.

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and influencing factors of physical activity (PA) parenting practice among urban parents of preschool children for providing evidences to develop strategies on promoting PA of the children in China. MethodsUsing non-probabilistic sampling and a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted an online survey among 4 074 parents of healthy kindergarten children at 9 large and medium-sized cities in southern regions of China during February 2021. Contingency table chi-square test was adopted to explore the influence of different PA parenting practices on young children′s PA. ResultsOf the 3 959 participants with valid responses, 39.28% and 27.12% reported having a at least 30 minutes′ leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) 2 – 3 times and once a week; while, 20.86% reported not having LTPA every week. Among all the participants, 58.59% reported the PA parenting practice at the frequency of 1 – 2 times/week and aerobic exercise and chasing/role-playing game were the most popular parent-child PA, being reported by 55.83% and 52.68% of the participants having the practice. In terms of family support to children′s PA, the top three considerations of the parents were allowing a child to play in parks or other outdoor places frequently (selected by 87.82% of all the participants), buying sports equipment to meet children′s PA needs (69.87%), and encouraging children to play freely (69.21%); only 26.02% of the participants chose financially supporting children to take program in sports training facilities. Significant impact factors for PA parenting practice included parental role disparity (χ2 = 23.31, P < 0.001), gender stereotype-related differences in parents′ cognition on required PA time (χ2 = 9.91,P = 0.042) and intensity (χ2 = 17.14, P = 0.001) for the boys or girls. ConclusionPhysical activity parental practice may be more effective in family-based support to young children′s physical exercise if the parents could have correct cognition about parental role and gender stereotype.

Objective To explore the effect of lnc000727 on the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) into osteoblasts. Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of lnc000727. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) method was used to determine the differentiation of osteoblasts. The expression of lnc000727 in hBM-MSCs was over-expressed or inhibited by liposome transfection. The osteogenic differentiation markers Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and pontin were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Pontin (OPN) mRNA and protein expression. The expression of key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was analyzed. Results During the differentiation of hBM-MSCs osteoblasts, the expression of lnc000727 and ALP activity increased significantly(P＜0.05). Inhibition of lnc000727 could down-regulate ALP activity and inhibit the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers RUNX2, OCN, OPN and the expression of Wnt and β-catenin (P＜0.05); over-expression of lnc000727 could up-regulate ALP activity and promote the expressions of osteogenic differentiation markers RUNX2, OCN and OPN, and the expressions of Wnt and β-catenin (P＜0.05). Conclusions Lnc000727 promotes the differentiation of hBM-MSCs into osteoblasts, thereby inhibits the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.

The Guided Acoustic Wave Brillouin Scattering (GAWBS) in fibers will be excited at a low optical power level, which can cause large impairments on high-capacity spatial division multiplexing optical fiber communication, digital coherent transmission and optical quantum transmission. For spatial division multiplexing optical fiber communication system, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the characteristics of GAWBS in the self-made uncoupled seven-core four-mode fiber. The results indicate that, the cores exhibit the significant differences of GAWBS characteristics depending on their distances from the fiber center. In future, the disparate GAWBS noise compensation method for each core can be utilized to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio for spatial division multiplexing transmission with low error rate.

With the rapid development of economy and society, the dietary pattern of Chinese residents has undergone obvious transition. The recommendation of dietary lipids intake has a significant influence on the improvement of dietary pattern and on the achievement of Healthy China goals in the new period. We put forward some suggestions on the revision of dietary lipids reference intake for Chinese residents. (1) The upper limit of acceptable macronutrient distribution range (U-AMDR) of percent of energy (%E) from fat for residents aged 18 years and above in China is 30%E, lower than that in countries of European Union and North America, which is 35%E. Some scholars suggest raising the U-AMDR of dietary fat for Chinese adults, but there is still insufficient evidence for modification. However, considering the characteristics of high-energy and nutrient-dense diets required by the elderly, increasing the U-AMDR of dietary fat in the elderly should be considered. (2) Some studies have shown that the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6/n-3PUFA) is closely related to the risk of multiple chronic non-communicable diseases. The average dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of Chinese residents is 8.6, and even higher in some populations. Therefore, it is recommended that the recommended values of dietary n-6/n-3PUFA ratio be included in the new dietary lipid reference intake recommendations. (3) Despite numerous investigations, the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and the outcomes of several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, remains unclear. The average daily cholesterol intake was in the normal range, 264.0 mg in urban residents while 168.8 mg in rural residents. Based on current research evidence, it is still inappropriate to set dietary cholesterol limits for the general adult population. For patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it is suggested to refer to the recommendations on dietary cholesterol intake in the guidelines of control and prevention for corresponding diseases.

ObjectiveTo establish a nucleic acid immunochromatography method for rapid detection of Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli （EIEC）.MethodsThe target single-stranded DNA was prepared by asymmetric PCR， the invE which was the virulence gene of EIEC and uidA which was the marker gene of Escherichia coli were detected by immunochromatography.ResultsIn the asymmetric PCR system， the optimal ratio of forward and reverse primer for uidA and invE was 1∶3， and the optimal primer concentrations （reverse primer） were 0.2 μmol/L and 0.25 μmol/L， respectively. The optimal cycle number of amplification was 40. The lowest detection limit of this method was 3.97 × 10-3 ng/μL， and the specificity was comparable to that of PCR-gel electrophoresis.ConclusionThe method which had the advantages of convenience， less time consuming， low detection cost， good accuracy and specificity， was suitable for primary laboratory.

Millimeter wave communication can provide higher spectrum,so that it’s the key technology of 5G network,but it will also have greater road loss.Large scale antenna array and directional beamforming technology can solve this problem effectively.However,with the increase of the number of antennas,the cost of hardware and energy of traditional digital precoder is very high,so hybrid precoder is needed to overcome this difficulty.However,the power consumption of the algorithm is high in the fully-connected structure.Therefore,a new hybrid precoding algorithm based on sub-connected structure is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the transmit antenna array is divided into several independent sub-arrays,then the analog precoding matrix of each sub-array is designed,and the spectral efficiency of each sub-array is optimized in turn to maximize the total spectral efficiency.Finally,based on the obtained analog precoding matrix,the digital precoding matrix is solved by the least square method.Simulation results show that compared with the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm,the difference between the two algorithms is no more than 3bps/Hz,but the energy efficiency can be improved by 23.8%.Compared with the power iterative algorithm,the spectral efficiency of the proposed algorithm is higher,and the energy efficiency can be improved by 4%.Therefore,the proposed algorithm has good practical application value.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) and ERK1/2 signaling pathway in rats. Methods The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (S group), SCII group (model was established by Zivin method), low and high-dose ketamine groups (given 50 and 100 mg/kg ketamine respectively every day for 14 days),with 8 rats in each group. The hind limb movement of rats was evaluated, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indexes of spinal cord tissue were detected. The spinal cord neurons were microscopied by Nissl staining, apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL assay, and protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the S group, the Tarlov score in SCII group decreased after surgery and increased gradually with time,the number of normal nerve cells in the spinal cord decreased and the apoptosis rate increased,the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, VCAM-1 and malonaldehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) was found to be increased (P＜0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly decreased (P＜0.05), the expression of p-ERK1/2 and the ratio of p-ERK/ERK1/2 increased(P＜0.05);Compared with SCII group, The changes of above indexes in ketamine group was reduced (P＜0.05), and was more obvious in the low dose group. Conclusions Low dose ketamine can reduce the degree of SCII, and ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be involved in this process.

ObjectiveTo construct an integrated index of family socioeconomic gradient for providing a valid assessment of socioeconomic status (SES) of the mother and her child/children in a family.MethodsThe participants of the study were 16 175 pregnant women and their children enrolled between February 2012 and June 2016 from the Birth Cohort Study in Guangzhou. Information on social and economic condition of the children′s parents were collected. Principal components analysis (PCA) and standard score (Z-score) summative method were used to construct a family SES score. The consistency among different combinations of socioeconomic variables in the evaluation on families′ socio-economic gradient were compared. ResultsSignificant pairwise correlations were observed among 9 parental socioeconomic variables (maternal education, paternal education, average maternal monthly income, average paternal monthly income, maternal employment, family real estate ownership, private car ownership, per capita living space, and residential floor), except for the associations of maternal employment with per capita living space and residential floor; the coefficients for the correlations ranged from – 0.036 to 0.585 (P < 0.01 for all). The SES grouping of the pregnant women by the integrated index established using PCA method on account of the nine variables was consistent well with that using Z-score summative method, with a weighted Kappa coefficient of 0.737 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.730 – 0.743); both of the indexes could accurately reflect the mothers′ and children′s family socioeconomic gradients. An integrated index established using the Z-score summative method based on 8 parental socioeconomic variables showed the best consistence with that using PCA method on account of the 9 parental socioeconomic variables, with a weighted Kappa coefficient of 0.774 (95% CI: 0.768 – 0.780).ConclusionThe integrated index established in the study using PCA method and Z-score summative method based on 9 parental socioeconomic variables could be used to conduct valid assessment on family socioeconomic gradients of Chinese women and children.

This study adopts a bibliometric approach to explore a focus on the general state of SRs worldwide, and analyzes the differences between SR writings with and without medical librarian involvement in terms of the differences in the number of authors, the country of institutional affiliation of the main author, the number of citing, and the number of times cited. The research objects were 22 journals that are included in the MEDLINE database were obtained a total of 9,030 SR articles published between 2014 and 2017. The results of the study revealed the following: A steady increase in the number of SR articles with librarians involved over the years. In terms of the characteristics of SR authors, the number of authors largely fell between three and seven regardless. A dominant proportion of institutional affiliations of the main authors for SR articles with librarians involved were located in the United States, exhibited librarians in highly developed countries had a higher rate of participation in SR. In terms of SR article citations, according to the t-test results, there was no significant difference in the number of citing between the presence and absence of librarian involvement, but a significant difference in the number of times cited between two. Suggestions of this study are as follows: Collaboration between clinical personnel and librarians in writing SRs should be encouraged, the state should enact SR relevant policies, and draw on SR-related services initiated by other libraries.

Increasing or broadening the thermal conductivity path by constructing a thermal conductivity network is one of the common ways to prepare high thermal conductivity composites. The interlacing or orientation of copper nanowires with one-dimensional structure can be connected into a network structure, which greatly improves the heat dissipation performance of composites. In this paper, three preparation methods of copper nanowires were introduced: Template electrodeposition method, liquid phase reduction method, and direct impregnation method. The vertically oriented and network structure copper nanowires were prepared by different methods with high thermal conductivity, which can significantly improve the thermal conductivity of the materials as thermal conductive fillers. Six preparation methods of copper nanowire composites were introduced: Physical blending method, freeze-drying method, magnetic field orientation method, hot pressing method, solution casting method, and vacuum filtration method. The principles of each method were introduced, the influencing factors of thermal conductivity of various composite molding methods were analyzed, the different preparation methods were summarized, and the thermal conductivity properties of different preparation methods were summarized. Finally, the thermally conductive composites filled with copper nanowires were summarized and prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment used the response surface method to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and studied its antioxidant activity. Four factors with significant impact on polysaccharide extraction (extraction temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, and liquid-to-solid ratio) were selected as the subjects of investigation. Based on the results of single-factor experiments, the Box-Behnken design response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides. The antioxidant activity of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides was evaluated by measuring their scavenging effects on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl radicals. The results showed that the optimal extraction process obtained by the response surface optimization was an extraction temperature of 79 °C, an extraction time of 54 minutes, an ultrasonic power of 59 W, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 23 mL/g, at which the yield of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. reached 3.19%. At a concentration of 5 g/L, the maximum scavenging rates of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals by Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides were 61% and 39%, respectively. The study indicates that the optimized ultrasonic extraction process of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides is stable and feasible, and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. polysaccharides possess certain antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of inhibiting the expression of forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) gene on the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B. Methods Human endometrial carcinoma cell line HEC-1B was selected as the subject and divided into three groups: blank control group, negative control group and siRNA-FOXM1 group. Real-time qPCR was used to detect the expression of FOXM1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA in cells of each group. CCK8 method was used to detect the proliferation of cells. Cell scratch test to detect the ability of cell migration in each group. Transwell chamber method was performed to detect the invasion ability of cells in each group. The protein expression of VEGF and bFGF were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with HEECs, the expression of FOXM1 mRNA and protein in HEC-1B cells was significantly increased (P＜0.05). The expression of FOXM1 mRNA and protein, proliferation, migration and invasion ability of HEC-1B cells were significantly lower than those of blank control group and negative control group (P＜0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF and bFGF in hec-1b cells were significantly decreased after FOXM1 expression was inhibited (P＜0.05). Conclusions Inhibiting of FOXM1 expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HEC-1B cells, and the mechanism might be related to inhibiting the expression of VEGF and bFGF.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-493-5p on proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells and underlying mechanism. Methods Culture human normal ovarian epithelial cell lines IOSE80 and ovarian cancer cell lines A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR3, transfected the miR-493-5p over-expression vectors, miR-493-5p suppressed expression vectors and G protein coupled receptor kinase interacting factor 1 (GIT1) over-expression vectors into SKOV3 cells; RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-493-5p and GIT1 mRNA expression; Western blot was used to detect protein expression; MTT assay was used to detect cell viability; Transwell was used to detect cell migration and invasion; dual luciferase report experiment was applied for detection of the targeting relationship between miR-493-5p and GIT1. Results In ovarian cancer cells A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR3, miR-493-5p were weakly expressed, and GIT1 was highly expressed (P＜0.05); After over-expression of miR-493-5p, the proliferation activity, migration and invasion number of ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 were decreased (P＜0.05). miR-493-5p targeted at the regulation of GIT1 expression, and over-expression of GIT1 reduced the inhibitory effect of miR- 493-5p on proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 and expression of p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, pc-Jun and pc-Fos. Conclusions miR-493-5p can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells SKOV3. The mechanism may be related to the targeted regulation of GIT1 and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway, which thus provides some new targets for diagnosis, prevention and treatment for ovarian cancer.

Ultra-low loss fiber is promising to support 400 Gbit/s or even 1 Tbit/s ultra-high data-rate optical transmission. Currently, there have been extensive studies on ultra-low loss fibers. In this paper, we make a comprehensive survey on the state of the art of ultra-low loss fiber technology from the aspects of fabrication, industrialization status, and application. Also, as a potential type of ultra-low loss fiber, hollow fiber is introduced. We wish to provide useful technical information to readers and promote the wide application of ultra-low loss fibers.

Objective To explore the relationship between alteration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive impairment in patients with white matter hyperintensity (WMH). Methods Eighty patients with WMH and 37 controls matching sex, age and education were enrolled. Patients with WMH were divided into mild WMH group (n=33, Fazekas score 1-2) and moderate⁃severe WMH group (n=47, Fazekas score 3-6). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Chinese Auditory Verbal Learning Test (CAVLT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Color Trail Test (CTT) and Boston Naming Test (BNT) were respectively used to assess overall cognitive function, memory, attention, executive function and language. The 3D⁃pseudo⁃continuous arterial spin labeling (3D⁃pCASL) was used to assess CBF. The relationship between CBF and cognitive function was estimated by Pearson correlation and partial correlation analyses. Results 1) MoCA (F=3.433, P=0.036), CAVLT⁃study (F=4.123, P=0.019), CAVLT⁃immediate (F=7.929, P=0.001), CAVLT⁃delay (F=6.738, P=0.002), CAVLT⁃recognition (F=5.762, P=0.004), SDMT (F=5.136, P=0.008), CTT⁃A (F=7.155, P=0.001) and BNT (F=4.329, P=0.032) were statistically significant among 3 groups. The moderate⁃severe WMH group was less than control group in MoCA (t=2.525, P=0.013), CAVLT⁃study (t=2.683, P=0.009), CAVLT⁃immediate (t=3.593, P=0.004), CAVLT⁃delay (t=3.497, P=0.001), CAVLT⁃recognition (t=3.264, P=0.002), SDMT (t=3.170, P=0.002), BNT (t=2.584, P=0.011) as well as less than the mild WMH group in CAVLT⁃study (t=2.025, P=0.046), CAVLT⁃immediate (t=3.033, P=0.003), CAVLT⁃delay (t=2.458, P=0.016) and CAVLT⁃recognition (t=2.181, P=0.032), while more than control group in CTT⁃A (t=⁃3.668, P=0.000). The mild WMH group was more than control group in CTT⁃A (t=⁃2.697, P=0.008). 2) The CBF of right putamen, left putamen and right median cingulate were statistically significant among 3 groups [Gaussian random field (GRF) corrected, cluster P＜0.05, voxel P＜0.001]. Compared to control group and the mild WMH group, the CBF of the right putamen (t=5.039, P=0.000; t=3.672, P=0.000), the left putamen (t=5.808, P=0.000; t=2.665, P=0.009) and right median cingulate (t=5.038, P=0.000; t=3.319, P=0.001) were more in the moderate⁃severe WMH group. Compared to the control group, the CBF of the right median cingulate was higher in the mild WMH group (t=1.476, P=0.006). 3) The correlation analysis showed that in the mild WMH group, the CBF of the right putamen was positively correlated with SDMT (r=0.478, P=0.028), and negatively correlated with CTT⁃A (r=⁃0.483, P=0.026), the CBF of left putamen was positively correlated with MoCA (r=0.451, P=0.040), and negatively correlated with CTT⁃A (r=⁃0.502, P=0.020), the CBF of right median cingulate was positively correlated with MoCA (r=0.446, P=0.043); in the moderate⁃severe WMH group, the CBF of the right putamen was positively correlated with CAVLT⁃recognition (r=0.343, P=0.043). Conclusions The alteration of CBF in the brain may be a possible neuropathological mechanism of WMH and relate to cognitive impairment in WMH.

Objective To explore age⁃related changes in cognitive function and establish a complete set of neuropsychological scales suitable for Chinese people. Methods From April 2018 to December 2020, a cross⁃sectional study and age stratified sampling method were used to recruit 496 healthy subjects in Hefei, Anhui and surrounding township communities, and grouped them according to age (each 10 years old as a group). A set of neuropsychological tests jointly established by the University of Hong Kong and Anhui Medical University (Battery for HKU⁃AHMU) was used to assess cognitive function. The complete set of scales covered attention and executive functions [including Digital Span Test (DST), Balloons Tests (BT), Digital Vigilance Test (DVT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Color Trail Test (CTT) and Stroop Color⁃Word Test (SCWT)], memory function [including Chinese Rey Auditory⁃Verbal Learning Test (C⁃RAVLT) and Ruff Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT)], visuospatical ability [including Hooper Visual Organization Test (HVOT) and Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLOT)], frontal fluency [including Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and Figure Fluency Test (FFT)] having 4 dimensions. Results Among groups, the score of DST⁃forward (H=134.423, P=0.000) and backward (H=178.474, P=0.000); the reaction times of BT⁃A (H=155.433, P=0.000) and BT⁃B (H=64.204, P=0.000); the reaction time (H=224.078, P=0.000) and errors number (H=92.227, P=0.000) of DVT; the score of SDMT writing (H=229.057, P=0.000) and oral (H=226.566, P=0.000); the reaction times of CTT⁃A (H=184.292, P=0.000) and CTT⁃B (H=194.624, P=0.000), the errors number of CTT⁃B (H=20.699, P=0.001); the reaction times of SCWT⁃spot (H=74.683, P=0.000), SCWT⁃word (H=116.839, P=0.000) and SCWT⁃color word (H=84.786, P=0.000), the errors number of SCWT⁃word (H=5.555, P=0.000) and SCWT⁃color word (H=12.188, P=0.000); the score of C⁃RAVLT⁃immediate recall (F=58.765, P=0.000), delayed recall (H=160.660, P=0.000) and recognitions (H=96.833, P=0.000); the number of RULIT⁃immediate recalls correct (H=104.902, P=0.000) and incorrect (H=86.966, P=0.000), the number of delayed recalls correct (H=115.839, P=0.000) and incorrect (H=124.834, P=0.000); the score of HVOT (F=12.186, P=0.000) and JLOT (H=48.597, P=0.000); the score of VFT⁃vegetable and fruit (H=32.565, P=0.000) and VFT⁃animal vocabulary (H=55.000, P=0.000); the score of FFT (F=64.207, P=0.000) were significantly different. The four cognitive domains of attention and executive functions, memory function, visuospatial ability, and frontal fluency decreases with age, especially in people over 40 years of age. Conclusions The neuropsychological tests adopted in the Battery for HKU⁃AHMU are applicable to the mainland population and shows age⁃related declines in cognitive function with increasing age.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been developed rapidly in recent years and has been widely used in many fields. Although MALDI MSI can obtain multiple imaging data of different compounds in one experiment, the imaging analysis of small molecules with low abundance, low ionization efficiency, and matrix interference is still very challenging. In order to improve the signal response of target molecules in MALDI MSI, it is necessary to apply the on tissue derivatization to MALDI MSI. In recent years, the combination of derivatization and mass spectrometry imaging has shown excellent results for the analysis of target molecules containing reactive groups such as carboxyl, amino, and aldehyde groups. This review aims to introduce the application of on tissue derivatization on MALDI MSI, including developed derivatization reagents and pretreatment methods for derivatization, the selection of matrix and the reagent coating device. Finally, the perspectives for derivatization in mass spectrometry imaging are outlooked.

With the development of artificial intelligence,the field of autonomous driving is also growing.The deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method is one of the main research methods in this field.DRL algorithms have been reported to achieve excellent performance in many control tasks.However,the unconstrained exploration in the learning process of DRL usually restricts its application to automatic driving.For example,in common reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms,an agent often has to select an action to execute in each state although this action may result in a crash,deteriorating the performance,or even failing the task.To solve the problem,this paper proposes a new method of action constrained with the soft actor-critic algorithm (CSAC) where the 'NO-OP'(NO-Option) identifies and replaces inappropriate actions,and we test the algorithm in the lane-keeping tasks.The method firstly limits the environmental reward reasonably.When the rotation angle of the driverless car is too large,it will shake,then a penalty term will be added to the reward function to avoid the driverless car falling into a dangerous state as far as possible.The contributions of this paper are as follows:first,we incorporates action constrained function with SAC algorithm,which achieves faster learning speed and higher stability;second,we propose a reward setting framework that overcomes the shaking and instability of driverless cars,achieving a better performance;finally,we trains the model in the unity virtual environment for evaluating the performance and successfully transplant the model to a donkey driverless car.

Aiming at solving the problems of small object size,uneven sample distribution,and unclear features in remote sensing images,an improved YOLOv3 object detection algorithm is proposed.The Stitcher data enhancement method is used to solve the problem of uneven distribution of small object samples.The VOVDarkNet-53 is proposed.The residual modules of the fourth downsampling in DarkNet-53 are reduced from eight to four.And then the dense connection mode of VOVNet is adopted to extract lower features of small objects to increase the network receptive field.The distributional ranking loss is used to improve the classification loss in YOLOv3 to solve the problem of imbalance between positive and negative samples in single-stage object detector.Comparative experiments are carried out on HRRSD remote sensing datasets by using YOLOv3 object detection algorithm and improved YOLOv3 algorithm.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance of higher detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv3 algorithm for small objects and medium objects are improved by 7.2% and 2.1%,respectively.Although the detection accuracy for large objects is reduced by 1%,the average detection accuracy (mAP) is improved by 4.1%,and the recall and accuracy are also improved.

本研究以80位4～6歲幼兒為研究對象，探討學前幼兒的視覺空間工作記憶相關能力與翻牌遊戲的相關性。研究結果顯示，翻牌遊戲表現與視覺空間短期記憶（視覺短期記憶、空間短期記憶）及視覺空間工作記憶皆呈現顯著正相關。在迴歸分析中控制月齡及非語文能力後，視覺空間短期記憶（視覺短期記憶、空間短期記憶）可有效預測翻牌遊戲表現，而視覺短期記憶和空間短期記憶也分別對翻牌遊戲表現有獨特的變異解釋量。此外，當控制月齡、非語文能力及視覺空間短期記憶後，視覺空間工作記憶仍能有效預測翻牌遊戲表現，因此視覺空間工作記憶之相關測驗結果均對於幼兒翻牌遊戲表現具有獨特解釋力。本研究以實證證據支 持幼兒翻牌遊戲表現需在一定程度上仰賴其視覺空間工作記憶相關能力之論述。 Eighty young children (4-6 years old) were recruited to explore the relationship between their performance on a concentration game and visuospatial working memory. The children’s performance on the concentration game was significantly correlated with their visuospatial short-term memory (visual short-term memory and spatial short-term memory) and visuospatial working memory. Regression analyses revealed that visuospatial short-term memory explained variations in children’s performance on the concentration game after age and nonverbal ability were considered. Moreover, visuospatial working memory was a significant predictor of children’s performance on the concentration game, independent of age, nonverbal ability, and visuospatial short-term memory. Collectively, our data suggest that children’s performance on the concentration game is significantly associated with their visuospatial working memory related skills.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ozone fumigation on the texture and nutritional quality of post-harvest Agaricus bisporus during cool storage. Methods: ‘A15’ A. bisporus was treated with ozone gas with concentrations of 14.89, 29.77 and 44.65 mg/m3 respectively, and the changes in related indicators of each group during （1±1） ℃ storage were analyzed, such as sensory, texture and nutrition. Results: When stored for 8 days, 29.44 mg/m3 ozone fumigation treatments effectively maintained good springiness, cohesiveness and resilience, and delayed the decrease of the sensory quality, hardness, soluble solids, vitamin C and soluble protein content. Conclusion: The 29.77 mg/m3 ozone fumigation treatment of A. bisporus can most effectively to maintain it storage with an extension to 8 days.

Under the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic, countries with a high burden of lungdisease are facing greater strength and urgently need to form new ideas for lung disease treatment. Recently,members of the adult lung stem cell family with self-renewal and repair capabilities are increasing, and many lungstem cells are involved in the occurrence and development of chronic lung diseases. The functional regulationof lung tissue stem cells will help to form a new method of diagnosis and treatment of chronic lung diseases.

Due to its high sensitivity and resolution, the heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) experiment is widely used for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based structural elucidation and research on solution state macromolecules. However, optimizing instrument settings and experimental parameters in the HSQC experiments can be troublesome due to the complexity of the pulse sequence. In this work, we simulated HSQC spectra based on a quantum model. Through theoretical derivation and numerical calculation, the density matrix evolution of a two-spin ensemble with spin 1/2 (IS) was obtained after each pulse, which was then combined with the two-dimensional NMR sampling method to achieve spectral simulation of the HSQC experiment. For validation, the HSQC spectrum of ethanol was simulated. The simulation of HSQC experiment will be beneficial for spectrum prediction, and guide HSQC experimental setup to improve spectral quality.

Objective To investigate the infection of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and its resistance to six kinds of antibiotics in Shenzhen. Methods Urease test and Hp cultivation were performed in 5 080 patients with gastrointestinal discomfort in three hospitals in Shenzhen, and antibiotic sensitivity test of agar dilution was performed. Results Among the 5 080 patients, a total of 3 203 patients were Hp positive, with a positive rate of 63.05%. The resistance rate of 3 203 Hp strains to antibiotics was metronidazole (MNZ)(99.6%),amoxicillin(AMX)(30.5%),clarithromycin(CAM)(10.6%), doxycycline (DOX) (0.3%), furazolidone(FR) (0.2%), and levofloxacin(LVX) (0.1%). The rates of total sensitivity to Hp was 0.18%, single drug resistance, double and multiple drug resistance were 62.06%, 33.94% and 3.81%, respectively. MNZ and AMX had the highest double drug resistance (26.69%), while MNZ, CAM and AMX had the highest triple drug resistance (3.68%). The age ≤40 years seems to be a factor for single antibiotic resistance, while the age ＞40 years is a risk factor for double antibiotic resistance of Hp strain. Gender is an influence factor of Hp strain on CAM and single and double antibiotic resistance. Conclusions Hp has a high infection rate and high resistance to MNZ, followed by AMX and CAM.

Semen ziziphi spinosae oil is a kind of safe edible oil for health care comes from Suanzaoren which have the functions of both medicine and food.This article reviews the extraction technology，composition analysis and biological activity of Semen ziziphi spinosae oil in recent years，and a reference was provided for the further development and application of Semen ziziphi spinosae oil.Existing research shows that the production process of Semen ziziphi spinosae oil is simple，and the refined oil contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids，among which the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid are the highest，and it also contains a variety of fat-soluble components.Semen ziziphi spinosae oil has a variety of biological activities，such as sedation and hypnosis，memory improvement，antidepressant，antioxidant，lipid regulation and antitumor，etc.，but the material basis and mechanism of its biological activity have not been fully clarified and need further study.The safety and multi-activity characteristics of Semen ziziphi spinosae oil have given it great development and application potential，and the related products have broad market prospects.

Objective To explore the effect of 3D printing technology applying into clinical teaching about jaw bones tumor and tumor-like lesions. Methods In order to proceed the contrastive teaching experiment, we divided 92 students who participated in the jaw bones tumor and tumor-like lesions class into 2 groups randomly. Students in group 1 took traditional teaching method including the basics of knowledge, case analysis and CBCT test at the first period. After that, they took new teaching method assisted by 3D printing technology at the second period. Students in group 2 were taught in reverse order by the same teacher. The questionnaire survey was conducted after each period in each group so as to evaluate the role new teaching method assisted by 3D printing technology played in the jaw bones tumor and tumor-like lesions clinical teaching. Results The questionnaire surveys showed that traditional teaching method predominated in the students' grasp of basic knowledge about jaw bones tumor and tumor-like lesions(P＜0.05). With regard to showing the details and spatial forms of lesions as well as teaching vividly, new teaching method assisted by 3D printing technology was better than the traditional one(P＜0.05).The order didn't concern a lot about the final learning effectiveness. However, when it came to the memorizing of knowledge and the understanding of lesions' spatial forms, students who took the new teaching method first had higher average scores(P＜0.05). Conclusions To some extent, carrying on new teaching method assisted by 3D printing technology first among the class may leads students to a better understanding and mastering about the anatomic features of jaw bones tumor and tumor-like lesions.

Owing to their high surface area, excellent electrolyte permeability and ample diffusion pathways for charge transport, porous and hollow-structured electrochemically active materials attract more attention as the electrodes. In general, the process of template preparation method is used to achieve hollow structured materials over the last few decades. However, the complicated preparation process including removal of template and surface modification often results in poor uniformity, low reproducibility, and high cost of porous structure. Moreover, it incorporates functional chemicals with specific homogeneity and dispersity into the hollow porous intercrystalline structure. These problems hinder the development and application in energy storage and conversion devices of the diversified porous and hollow-structured materials. The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), consisting of organic linkers and coordinated inorganic clusters, appear as an excellent collection of porous crystal material series with high surface areas, high porosity, and tunable structures. However, their low conductivity and electrolyte instability limit the further use of MOFs in the field of LIBs. Recently, how electrode materials for Lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) are designed and prepare using MOFs has attracted more attention. The composite materials derived from MOFs including nanostructured porous carbons and metal oxide uaing self-sacrificial template synthetic route not only solves the problem of low conductivity but also maintains the high surface area and porous structure of MOFs, providing abundant active sites for insertion/deinsertion or adsorption/desorption; Furthermore, composite materials derived from MOFs increase the complexity of nanostructures in terms of structural units and chemical components. In particular, large pore volume and open pore structure are critical to loading guest species, accommodating mechanical strains and facilitating mass transport. In this paper, we briefly examined the production of MOF-derived materials for applications in LIBs. The optimization and modification of an MOFs morphology were implemented according to the electrode material requirement for LIBs. Moreover, the preparation of MOFs-derived electrode materials with porous, hollow, or complicated construction and their effects on electrochemical performance were described. Finally, the challenge and trend in production of electrode materials derived from MOFs were analyzed.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of aspirin combined with clopidogrel pretreatment before intravenous thrombolysis with rt ⁃ PA in patients with cardioembolism (CE). Methods Three hundred and thirteen patients with CE treated with rt ⁃ PA intravenous thrombolysis from July 2018 to July 2019 were admitted. Among them, 167 patients were pretreated with aspirin combined with clopidogrel before thrombolysis (pretreatment group), and 146 patients were not (control group). The short ⁃ term improvement of neurological function (1 h, 24 h and 7 d after thrombolysis) was evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The long ⁃ term prognosis (90 d after onset) was evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and mortality and the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 90 d after onset were recorded. Results The neurological function improvement rates in the pretreatment group at 1h, 24 h and 7 d after intravenous thrombolysis were higher than those in control group [48.50% (81 / 167) vs. 32.19% (47/146), χ2 = 8.574, P = 0.003; 57.49% (96/167) vs. 45.21% (66/146), χ2 = 4.704, P = 0.030; 77.25% (129/167) vs. 63.01% (92/146), χ2 = 7.602, P = 0.006]. The incidence of ICH after thrombolysis [3.59% (6/167) vs. 3.42% (5/146); χ2 = 0.006, P = 0.936], mortality [0.60% (1/167) vs. 0.68% (1/146); Fisher's exact probability: P =1.000] and the rate of good prognosis within 90 d after onset [80.84% (135/167) vs. 74.66% (109/146); χ2 = 1.732, P = 0.188] between 2 groups were no significant difference. Conclusions Aspirin combined with clopidogrel pretreatment before intravenous thrombolysis can improveearly neurological function in patients with CE, and does not increase the risk of ICH. It is safe and effective for clinical application. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.05.010

Ni-Ag nanoparticles were prepared by DC arc-discharge plasma method, using the compacted micron-sized powders of Ni and Ag as the raw targets. The content of Ni in Ni-Ag nanoparticles samples was 70.54%(mass fraction). The particles' sizes were mainly in range of 30-70 nm. The results indicate that the resistivity of compressed Ni-Ag powders has low resistivity of 5.36×10-5 Ω·cm. The conductive ink is prepared by using of Ni-Ag nanoparticles (70.54% of Ni) as the additive. An ink line is drew on a polyimide sheet matrix, subsequently dried and sintered at elevated temperatures under protective atmosphere of Ar. The electrical property testing results of sintering samples show dense structure and good conductivity over 300℃. It is indicated that the resistivity of the sintered sample declines with the temperature rising, i.e. 1.83×10-3 Ω·cm at sintering temperature of 450℃ which is much lower than that of the ink line of pure Ni nanoparticles.

Fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been attracting more and more research interests in recent years. With the emergence of big data and development of advanced deep learning algorithms, neural network has become a common and effective tool for image reconstruction in fast MRI. One main challenge to the deep learning-based methods for fast MRI reconstruction is the trade-off between the network performance and the network capacity. Few previous studies have used the deep learning-based methods in parallel imaging. In this work, a deep recursive cascaded convolutional network (DRCCN) architecture was designed for parallel MRI, with reduced number of network parameters while maintaining a satisfactory performance. The experimental results demonstrated that, compared to the classical methods, image reconstruction with the well-trained DRCCN networks were more accurate and less time consuming.

Objective To explore the expression of long non⁃coding RNA (lncRNA) SNORD3A in glioma tissues and cell lines and its effect on proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Methods We analyzed the differentially expressed lncRNAs in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GEO (GSE58276) by bioinformatics. A total of 30 glioma tissue specimen were collected from June 2017 to August 2019, lncRNA SNORD3A expression was detected by real⁃time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The si⁃SNORD3A was transfected into T98G and U251 cells. CCK⁃8 was used to analyze the proliferative capacity of cells. Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion changes. The expression of c⁃Myc protein was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the expression level of lncRNA SNORD3A in glioma tissue was increased (P = 0.000). Compared with HEB cells, the expression levels of T98G, U87, U251 and U373 lncRNA SNORD3A in glioma cell lines were elevated (P < 0.05, for all). The expression levels of lncRNA SNORD3A in T98G cells (P = 0.001, 0.007) and U251 cells (P = 0.002, 0.009) in si⁃SNORD3A⁃1 group and si⁃SNORD3A⁃2 group were lower than those in control group. At 24, 48 and 72 h after transfection, the proliferation capacity of T98G cells (P = 0.000, for all) and U251 cells (P = 0.000, for all) in si⁃SNORD3A⁃1 and si⁃SNORD3A⁃2 groups were lower than those in control group. At 48 h after transfection, the number of T98G and U251 cells passing through the chamber in si⁃SNORD3A⁃1 and si⁃SNORD3A⁃2 groups were less than those in control group (P = 0.000, for all), and the levels of c⁃Myc mRNA and protein expression were lower than control group (P < 0.01, for all). Conclusions lncRNA SNORD3A promotes proliferation and invasion of T98G and U251 cells by partly targeting c⁃Myc. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2019.12.007

Objective To provide reference for controlling or delaying the decline of pulmonary ventilation function in male pneumoconiosis patients by studying associations of serum albumin levels with the risk of severe or very severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in male pneumoconiosis patients. Methods A retrospective cohort design was adopted in this study. Male pneumoconiosis patients who were hospitalized in West China Fourth Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 and did not have pulmonary ventilation dysfunction at baseline were selected as the study objects. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs to evaluate the association of baseline serum albumin levels and the risk of severe or very severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Restricted cubic spline plot was used to explore whether there was a dose-response relationship between baseline serum albumin concentrations and the risk of severe or very severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Results A total of 746 subjects were included in this study. Fully adjusted model results of Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that male pneumoconiosis patients with serum albumin higher than 40.8 g/L had a reduced risk of severe or very severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction compared with male pneumoconiosis patients with serum albumin lower than 34.4g/L (HR = 0.660, 95% CI: 0.439-0.992). The restricted cubic spline figure showed that the risk of severe or very severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in male pneumoconiosis patients gradually decreased with the gradual increase of serum albumin concentrations and there was a linear negative relationship between baseline serum albumin concentrations and the incidence risk of severe or very severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in male pneumoconiosis patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher serum albumin is a protective factor for severe or very severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in male pneumoconiosis patients and maintaining the serum albumin concentrations above 40.8 g/L can reduce the risk of severe or very severe pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the influencing factors and improvement paths of the service capacity of standardized township health centers in Guangxi under the background of "high-quality service at the grassroots level", providing useful reference for further deepening reform and promoting the healthy development of rural medical and health systems. Methods By the end of 2021, township health centers that have reached the recommended standard of "quality service primary line" service ability were selected as the research samples, and the coupled coordination degree model was combined with fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to carry out empirical analysis. Results Single factors cannot constitute a necessary condition for improving or decreasing the service capacity of township health centers. There are a total of four configuration paths for improving the service capacity of township health centers in Guangxi, among which the core sufficient conditions for playing a leading role are the number of high-level practicing (assistant) physicians, the number of registered nurses, and coupling coordination scheduling. The overall consistency of the solution is 0.920 (≥0.8), and the model has strong explanatory power. Conclusion The improvement of service capacity in township health centers in Guangxi is facilitated by the synergistic effect of multiple factors both internally and externally. The optimization and expansion of grassroots talent teams is the core combination element for the improvement of service capacity in township health centers, and the coupling and coordinated development of medical resource allocation and economy is the key element for the improvement of service capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypropylene (PP), as one of the three universal plastics, has been widely used in fields such as medical, automotive, and packaging, etc. The article reviewed the research progress of in-situ microfibrillar technology in PP foaming material, conductive material, and reinforcing and toughing PP in recent years. The results showed that by forming in-situ microfibrils in PP, the melt strength of PP can be improved, the merging of bubbles during the foaming process was reduced, the size of bubbles decreased and the density of bubbles increased, the foaming performance of PP was improved. By forming a conductive microfibrillar network structure in PP, the percolation threshold of PP composites can be effectively reduced. The in-situ formation of microfibrils can significantly improve the crystallization ability of PP, and some polymer microfibrils can induce the formation of shish kebab structure in PP, achieving reinforcement and toughening of PP, meawhile, under the synergistic effect of compatibilizers, its reinforcement and toughening effect on PP was more obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seabuckthorn is rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, and other active components. It has biological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver-protecting, and cholagogic, which can enhance the immunity and antioxidant function of livestock and poultry, improve growth performance, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products. Adding seabuckthorn residue, seeds, leaves or extracts to diet can promote the production of pigs, sheep, dairy cows and broilers to varying degrees, reduce feed costs and improve the economic benefits of breeding, but the active components and molecular mechanisms of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production are unclear. In this paper, the active components, biological functions, and application of seabuckthorn in livestock and poultry production were summarized, which provided a reference for the mechanism research, production application and development of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]