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In this study, casein peptides were obtained by alcalase hydrolyzation and Lactobacilus fermentation to prepare the casein peptide-zinc chelates, which are a kind of efficient and well-absorbed zinc supplement. The structure of casein peptide-zinc chelates was characterized by spectroscopic instruments. The digestive stability and safety were also assayed using in vitro digestive model and Caco-2 cell experiment. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for preparing casein peptides were as follows: Volume of alcalase was 0.3% (w/v), pH of reaction system was 9.0, Lactobacilus fermentation time was 12 h. Under this condition, the peptide content was 142.39±0.95 mg/g, and the zinc chelation rate was 31.41%±0.97%. The chelation with zinc destroyed the structure of casein peptides leading to a loose surface structure. Spectroscopic analysis showed that Zn2+ can bind to the reactive groups on casein peptides, with the chelating sites being carboxyl oxygen, hydroxyl oxygen and amino groups. The results of in vitro digestion showed that casein peptide-zinc chelates possessed better solubility than that of zinc sulfate. After gastrointestinal digestion, the DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging ability of casein peptide-zinc chelates increased by 26.19%±3.30% and 71.96%±7.06%, respectively. However, the ferric ion reducing power of the casein peptide-zinc chelates decreased by 36.26%±2.80%. At the same time, the β-turn and random coil content of the casein peptide-zinc chelate decreases during digestion, the β-sheet structure increases and Zn2+ play a role in maintaining the peptide structure. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity test indicated that casein peptide-zinc chelates gastrointestinal digest were toxic to Caco-2 cells when the concentration exceeded 0.4 mg/mL. Finally, 15 and 13 dairy-derived peptides were identified from casein hydrolysate and casein peptide-zinc chelates, respectively, using mass spectrometry. These results will provide scientific evidence for the development and application of efficient casein peptide-zinc chelates.

In order to rapidly determine deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) in maize, a rapid quantitative immunofluorescence assay based on superconductor coating was used to detect multiple maize samples. Combined with the recovery rate, stability, detection limit, precision and other indexes, the applicability of the method was evaluated and compared with the results of liquid chromatography. The results showed that the superconductor coated immunofluorescence diaper method had the good linearity in the range of 100 ng/mL~2 500 ng/mL for DON and 5~200 µg/kg for ZEN. The recoveries of DON were 103.72%~108.17% in the range of 500~2 000 µg/kg, and 97.81%~111.27% in the range of ZEN 50~150 µg/kg. Compared with the results of liquid chromatography, the superconductor coated immunofluorescence diaper method is an effective, practical, rapid and quantitative analysis method within the allowable deviation range, which can meet the requirements of simultaneous detection of DON and ZEN in maize.

BACKGROUND Determination of phenol by the continuous flow analysis method is seriously compromised if the contents of chlorides or nitrates are greater than 0.4g/L in groundwater. Large amounts of HCl and NO2 during in situ distillation increase the acidity of product after condensation and cause the failure of buffer solution. In addition, distiller pipes can be easily blocked when the salt content is greater than 0.15% in groundwater. Current methods cannot be widely used because of these limitations. OBJECTIVES To establish an easy and convenient way to detect phenol, especially in groundwater samples with high salt content. METHODS Using 3% KH2PO4 and 3% citric acid solution as distillation solvents eliminated the interferences caused by chlorides (≤ 20g/L) and nitrates (≤ 1g/L). 50% glycerol used as the solvent of distillation reagent alleviated the pipeline blockage in the distiller. This method can be applied to determine groundwater samples with a salinity content of less than 40g/L. RESULTS The calibration curve showed good linearity with the correlation coefficient higher than 0.9999 in the range of 0.002-0.100mg/L. The recoveries obtained by adding phenol standards to samples ranged from 95.2% to 104.6%. The relative standard deviation (n=6) was less than 5%. The method detection limit was 0.001mg/L. CONCLUSIONS The method is suitable for the determination of phenol in high salt groundwater samples.

The integral inertial particle separator is a helicopter air inlet protection device. It has excellent performance and wide application，which is of great significance to ensure the regular operation and improve the service life of helicopter engines. This paper summarizes the research progress of integral inertial particle separators，including the following aspects：the classification and aerodynamic parameters of the integral inertial particle separators are introduced. The research methods and their results of the integral inertial particle separators are sorted out. The factors affecting the performance of the integral inertial particle separators are summarized and analyzed. The future development of integral inertial particle separators is predicted. This paper can be the reference for future study and the guide to integral inertial particle separators' optimization design.

Continuous nursing has a high research value in postoperative rehabilitation nursing, and has a certain effect on improving the postoperative prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a non-surgical, invasive procedure with advantages of minimal incision and fast recovery in the treatment of coronary heart disease. The secondary prevention after PCI is of great significance for prevention of disease recurrence and adverse prognosis. This study reviewed the research status of continuous nursing of patients after PCI, with a view to improving the quality of life and self-management ability of patients (延续性护理在术后患者康复护理中展现了良好的应用价值。经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)具有创伤小、恢复快等优势, 是临床治疗冠心病(CHD)患者的常用方案。PCI术后二级预防对避免CHD复发和不良预后有着重要意义。本研究就PCI术后患者的延续性护理应用现状进行综述, 旨在为进一步提高PCI术后患者疾病自我管理能力、改善生活质量提供参考。)

Objective To compare the efficiency of four methods that remove calcium hydroxide in root canals and to guide clinical practice. Methods Sixty-five isolated mandibular single root canal premolars were collected. After crown cutting and root canal preparation, a tooth was randomly selected as the blank control group, and the remaining 64 teeth were equally divided into Groups A and B (n = 32). Group A was injected with water-soluble calcium hydroxide, and Group B was injected with oil-soluble calcium hydroxide. After 2 weeks of drug sealing, Groups A and B were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8), including the lateral opening syringe group, sonic vibration group, ultrasonic group, and Er: YAG laser group. Before and after calcium hydroxide removal, the samples were scanned by cone-beam CT, and the data were imported into Mimics for 3D reconstruction. The root canal was divided into the following segments: superior root segment, middle and apical, and the calcium hydroxide volume of each segment of the root canal was calculated. The volumes of calcium hydroxide before and after removal were V1 and V2, respectively, with a clearance rate = (V1-V2)/V1×100%. Three-factor ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. After Groups A and B were reconstructed, the apical region with residual calcium hydroxide was selected, and the blank control was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Two types of calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed by the four flushing methods. The clearance rate of water-soluble calcium hydroxide was higher than that of oil-soluble calcium hydroxide (P

Among the modern scholars, Qian Ji-bo's concept of Chinese traditional culture is quite unique. He has a high recognition of traditional culture and highlights the subjective consciousness of national culture. He believes that "Chinese traditional culture" is the inherent spirit of the Chinese nation, thus "the consciousness of the country", which is concentrated on the path of Confucius and Mencius with its spiritual essence as the benevolence and righteousness. It seems to be "conservative", but it is advocating to open up the new and the old, the Chinese and the Western for better understanding our traditional culture. By examining Qian Ji-bo's concept of Chinese traditional culture, one can see the cognition and choice of a Chinese nationalist who is loyal to the old traditions under the new cultural trend and thus understand more different cultural orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To elucidate the incidence rate and the time trend of thyroid cancer according to the data of cancer registry of Nangang District of Harbin City, and to provide scientific evidence for thyroid cancer prevention and treatment. Methods The thyroid cancer incidence data originated from Nangang District Cancer Registration of Harbin City which based on local population. The population data of each year was collected from census register of public security bureau. Crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and by world standard population(ASIRW) were calculated. The incidence trend was analyzed by Joinpoint regression model. The annual percent change(APC) and average annual percent change(AAPC) were calculated. Results The average incidence of thyroid cancer was 5.09/105 (2.56/105 for male, 7.64/105 for female, respectively) in Nangang District of Harbin City from 1992 to 2013. The highest age-specific incidence occurred in the duration of age 45 to 49 for male (5.49/105), and that occurred in the duration of age 50 to 54 for female (17.33/105), respectively. The AAPC was 12.6% (t=3.9, P < 0.01), including 11.7% for female (t=5.1, P < 0.01) and 13.8% for male(t=6.4, P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion With the increase of thyroid cancer incidence, especially it had been sharply rising from 2008, more attention should be paid to searching for thyroid cancer pathogenesis and avoiding over treatment.

According to the damage tolerance design requirements to the engine life-limited parts,research on the fatigue crack growth tests of an engine power turbine（ high-strength GH4169） is carried out in this article. The crack growth behaviors of the turbine and the dispersion are obtained. Meanwhile,the three-dimension crack growth simulation is conducted and the results are compared with the test results. The result demonstrates that the crack propagation simulation result of the turbine has high accuracy,the analysis method has the value of engineering application.

PORPUSE: To investigate changes of blood oxygen saturation in the donor site of radial forearm flap both preoperatively and postoperatively with near-infrared spectroscopy technique, and discuss the influence of elevation of radial forearm flap on the donor site' blood flow. METHODS: Thirty-five patients who received unilateral elevation of radial forearm flap were involved, the pre-and postoperative blood oxygen saturation of thenar and hypothenar in donor site and contra-lateral forearm were measured by near-infrared oximeter (TSAH-100), in the following manner one time per 4 hours in the first 24 hours, then twice per day after the first 24 hours till the seventh day postoperatively. The data was compared between SO2 values of hypothenar and thenar with paired t test using SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: Blood oxygen saturation of thenar and hypothenar in donor site both increased from lower level to higher level when compared with contra -lateral forearm, and then decreased gradually to the preoperative level. Blood oxygen saturation of hypothenar of donor site reached peak value at 20-hour after operation and had significant difference with the value of contra-lateral hypothenar. While the blood oxygen saturation of thenar of donor site reached peak value at 24 -hour after operation and had significant difference with the contra -lateral thenar at 12 -hour and 48 -hour postoperatively. However, blood oxygen saturation of thenar and hypothenar of donor site had no significant difference when compared with contra-lateral forearm on the seventh day postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The elevation of radial forearm flap produced minor influence on the blood flow of donor site. With no variation of radial artery and cephalic vein, the collateral circulation between radial artery and ulnar artery can afford the blood supply of donor site postoperatively till the blood flow returned to preoperative level at the sixth or seventh day postoperatively. Supported by Capital Medical Development Scientific Research Fund (2009-3039). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurea is widely used in marine anti-corrosion engineering because it has the physical advantages of high tensile strength, strong adhesion, excellent waterproof and anti-corrosion performance as well as mature construction technology. In this paper, the origin, characteristics and development direction of polyurea coating technology were first introduced, and then the applications of polyurea coating in the fields of concrete protection and metal protection in marine atmospheric environment and seawater environment in recent years were summarized, respectively. Aiming at the problems of coating performance degradation and failure caused by complex environmental factors such as temperature, corrosive medium erosion and collision during service, the research progress of new polyurea coatings was discussed, including the research on improving the performance of coatings such as corrosion resistance, wetting and hardness with organic and inorganic nanoparticles as fillers, and the research on new polyurea microcapsule coatings that could respond intelligently and repair microcracks independently, and the research on the processing and preparation technology of new self-healing materials such as electrospinning. Finally, the shortcomings and challenges of the current research on polyurea coating were pointed out, and the future research trend of polyurea coating in marine environment was prospected.

Clarifying the appropriate application rates of N, P, and K fertilizers and the physiological mechanisms of wheat under water-saving recharge irrigation in the North China Plain would provide a theoretical basis for formulating reasonable fertilization plans for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat production. We established four treatments with different amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ), and potassium (K 2 O) application: 0, 0, and 0 kg·hm -2 (F 0 ), 180, 75, and 60 kg·hm -2 (F 1 ), 225, 120, and 105 kg·hm -2 (F 2 ), and 270, 165, and 150 kg·hm -2 (F 3 ). During the jointing and anthesis stages of wheat, the relative water content of each treatment in the 0-40 cm soil layer was replenished to 70%, to investigate the differences in wheat flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, distribution of 13 C assimilates, grain starch accumulation, and fertilizer utilization. The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content of flag leaves, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, 13 C assimilate allocation in each organ, enzyme activities involved in starch synthesis, and starch accumulation in the F 1 treatment were significantly higher than that in F 0 treatment, which was an important physiological basis for the 20.9% increase in grain yield. The above parameters and yield in the F 2 and F 3 treatments showed no significant increase compared to F 1 treatment, while fertilizer productivity and agronomic efficiency of N, P, and K decreased by 17.5%-58.4% and 12.7%-50.7%, respectively. Therefore, F 1 could promote flag leaf photosynthetic assimilate production and grain starch accumulation under water-saving supplementary irrigation conditions, resulting in higher grain yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

This study investigated the therapeutic effect of Shegan Mahuang Decoction(SGMHD) on cold-induced asthma in rats and explored its underlying mechanism. Seventy-two healthy male SD rats of specific pathogen free(SPF) grade were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a positive control group(dexamethasone, 0.4 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose SGMHD groups(3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 g·kg~(-1)). The blank group received saline, while the other groups were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA) solution. Subsequently, the rats were placed in a cold chamber adjustable to 0-2 ℃, and OVA solution was ultrasonically nebulized to induce cold-induced asthma in rats. After three weeks of treatment, the general behaviors of rats were observed. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to evaluate pathological changes in lung tissues, periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining assessed mucin changes, and Masson staining was performed to examine collagen deposition. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-4(IL-4) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to assess the mRNA expression levels of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(TRPV1), nuclear respiratory factor 1(NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A(mtTFA) in lung tissues. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of TRPV1, NRF-1, and mtTFA in lung tissues. Compared with the blank group, the model group exhibited signs of rapid respiration, increased frequency of defecation with looser stools, and disheveled and dull fur. Pathological results showed significant infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissues, narrowing of bronchial lumens, increased mucin secretion, and enhanced collagen deposition in the model group. Additionally, the levels of IL-4 and VEGF in serum and BALF were significantly elevated, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRPV1, NRF-1, and mtTFA in lung tissues were significantly increased. Compared with the model group, SGMHD improved the behaviors of rats, alleviated pathological changes in lung tissues, mucin production, and collagen deposition, significantly decreased the levels of IL-4 and VEGF in serum and BALF, and reduced the mRNA expression levels of TRPV1, NRF-1, and mtTFA in lung tissues, with the medium-dose SGMHD group showing the most significant effect. Moreover, the protein expression levels of TRPV1, NRF-1, and mtTFA in lung tissues were also reduced, with the medium-dose SGMHD group exhibiting the most significant effect. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that SGMHD can alleviate airway inflammation and inhibit airway remodeling in cold-induced asthma rats. These effects may be associated with the modulation of the TRPV1/NRF-1/mtTFA signaling pathway.

Kaixin Powder is a classic prescription for invigorating Qi, nourishing the mind, and calming the mind. It has pharmacological effects of improving learning and memory ability, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, and promoting the differentiation and regeneration of nerve cells. It is mainly used in the modern clinical treatment of amnesia, depression, dementia, and other diseases. The present paper reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kaixin Powder, predicted and analyzed its quality markers(Q-markers) according to the concept of Chinese medicine Q-markers, including transmission and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, measurability, and compound compatibility environment. The results suggested that sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose, tenuifoliside A, ginsenoside Rg&#95;1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb&#95;1, pachymic acid, β-asarone, and α-asarone could be used as Q-markers of Kaixin Powder. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for establishing the quality control system and the whole process quality traceability system of Kaixin Powder compound preparations.

Shegan Mahuang Decoction has been used in clinical practice for thousands of years, and is a classical formula for treating asthma and other respiratory diseases, with the effects of ventilating lung, dispersing cold, and relieving cough and asthma. This paper summarized the history, clinical application and mechanism of Shegan Mahuang Decoction, and predicted its quality markers(Q-markers) based on the &quot;five principles&quot; of Q-markers. The results suggested that irisflorentin, tectoridin, tectorigenin, irigenin, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, asarinin, methyleugenol, shionone, epifriedelanol, tussilagone, 6-gingerol, trigonelline, cavidine, schizandrin, and schizandrin B could be used as Q-markers of Shegan Mahuang Decoction, which provided a basis for the quality control and subsequent research and development of Shegan Mahuang Decoction.

Objective: To observe the effect of lateral needling at Lianquan (CV 23) for post-stroke dysphagia, and explore its mechanism., Methods: A total of 64 patients with post-stroke dysphagia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with conventional basic treatment. The observation group was treated with lateral needling at CV 23, without needle retaining, once a day. The control group was treated with swallowing rehabilitation training, once a day. Both groups were treated for 5 days a week, with 2 days interval, 1 week as one course and 4 courses were required. Before and after treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test grade and standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) score were compared in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was used to measure the hyoid bone movement displacement and pharyngeal delivery time in the observation group., Results: Compared before treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test grade after treatment was improved in the two groups ( P <0.05), and the observation group was superior to the control group ( P <0.05); the SSA scores after treatment were decreased in the two groups ( P <0.05), and the observation group was lower than the control group ( P <0.05). Compared before treatment, the hyoid bone movement displacement was increased and pharyngeal delivery time was shortened after treatment in the observation group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Lateral needling at CV 23 could improve dysphagia symptoms in patients with post-stroke dysphagia, its mechanism may be related to the increasing of hyoid bone movement displacement and shortening of pharyngeal delivery time.

Purpose: To obtain an efficient and simple root canal disinfection method based on minimally invasive root canal treatment by comparing different root canal disinfection methods between minimally invasive root canal treatment and conventional root canal treatment., Methods: Sixty-six extracted maxillary first molars were randomly divided into experimental group (computer-guided precision minimally invasive root canal treatment) and control group (conventional root canal treatment). All teeth were prepared to ProTaper universal F2, and Enterococcus faecalis infection models were established.Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups, sodium hypochlorite+EDTA root canal irrigation, sodium hypochlorite+EDTA+ultrasonic and sodium hypochlorite +EDTA +Er: YAG laser. After root canal disinfection,the samples were collected by paper tip method and cultured, and colony forming units (CFU) values of each sample were calculated. Then dentin debris was prepared and collected with F3 file. After being diluted and cultured, the CFU value was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 26.0 software package., Results: Comparison of the amount of bacterial inner wall of root canal between the experimental group and the control group showed that the germicidal efficacy of group C and group B were significantly better than that of group A (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between group B and group C(P＞0.05). In the experimental group, there was significant difference between group B1, C1 and A1 (P＜0.05). The results of group B1 and C1 were lower than that of group A1, but there was no significant difference between group B1 and group C1(P＞0.05). In the control group, there were significant differences between group B2, C2 and A2 (P＜0.05). The results of group B2 and C2 were lower than that of group A2, but there was no significant difference between group B2 and C2(P＞0.05). Comparison of the amount of bacteria in dentin debris between the experimental group and the control group showed that the effect of group C was the best, followed by group B, and group A, and there were significant differences between three groups(P＜0.05)., Conclusions: The disinfection effect of Er:YAG laser or ultrasound assisted computer-guided precision minimally invasive root canal treatment is similar to conventional root canal treatment, and Er:YAG laser is better than ultrasound in removing bacteria from dentinal tubules, which is more suitable for minimally invasive root canal treatment.

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is a Chinese herbal medicine that promotes blood circulation to remove blood stasis, nourishes blood to tranquilize the mind, and cools blood to disperse carbuncles. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has microcirculation-improving, blood vessel-dilating, atherosclerosis-preventing, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and blood pressure-and blood lipid-lowering activities. As research progresses, the chemical composition, pharmacological effect, and clinical application of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma have attracted much attention. We reviewed the research progress in this field. Based on the concept of quality marker(Q-marker) in traditional Chinese medicine, the Q-markers of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were predicted and analyzed from the aspects of quality transfer, traceability, ingredient specificity, association between ingredients and pharmacological effects, ingredient predictability, and compounding environment. This review provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its preparations.

The innovation and patent layout of traditional Chinese medicine compounds reflects the innovation level of the traditio-nal Chinese medicine industry to a certain extent. Lianhua Qingwen Formula was taken as an example to analyze the innovation and patent layout of traditional Chinese medicine compounds. The study first proposed an innovative technology system for traditional Chinese medicine compounds, and then analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of Lianhua Qingwen Formula in innovation and patent layout based on 56 patents and other relevant patents. The analysis results showed that Lianhua Qingwen Formula had the following characte-ristics in terms of patent layout. In terms of innovation technical route, the patented technical route of Lianhua Qingwen Formula was mainly based on the composition and preparation of granules as the first choice, followed by corresponding process improvements, new uses, and detection methods as the main improvement routes. In terms of the corresponding patent layout, the basic patent protection scope of Lianhua Qingwen Formula completely covered marketed drugs, and then took new functions as the main layout strategy for subsequent patent applications. With the advancement of modern technical means, the preparation process and testing methods have been optimized continuously. At the same time, the international patent layout was given the priority in domestic patent application. Based on the above characteristics, the study gave suggestions for follow-up innovation and patent work for Lianhua Qingwen Formula, so as to provide enlightenment for other traditional Chinese medicine companies in exploring original innovation of traditional Chinese medicine compounds, improving innovative methods, and enhancing the ability of patent layout of innovative achievements.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Apelin-13 on barrier function injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by LPS. Methods: The HUVECs cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups: Control group, LPS group, Apelin-13+LPS group, Apelin-13 group. HUVECs were treated by 5 μg/ml LPS for 24 h to replicate the model with endothelial barrier impaired. Apelin-13 at the concentration of 1 μmol/L was given 30 min before LPS treatment. The cell viabillity of HUVECs was measured by CCK-8 assay. Protein expressions of VE-cadherin and F-actin were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Nuclear factor κB p65(NF-κB p65) was detected by immunofluorescence. Results: Compared with the control group, the cell viabillity of HUVECs and protein expression of VE-cadherin were decreased by LPS, but the protein expression of F-actin and activation of NF-κB p65 were increased by LPS. These effects were attenuated by Apelin-13 administration. Conclusion: Apelin-13 ameliorates LPS-induced barrier function injury of HUVECs, which may be related to the inhibition of inflammation.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) on limb locomotor function and expression of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), Rho-associated kinase Ⅱ (ROCK Ⅱ) and myosin light chain (MLC) proteins in the anterior horn of spinal cord in acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms under-lying improvement of SCI-induced limb locomotor dysfunction., Methods: Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation (sham), ASCI model (model), EA EX-B 2 (EA) and ROCK inhibitor (Fasudil) groups which were further divided into 14 d and 28 d subgroups ( n =6 in each). The ASCI model was made by using weight drop striking method. Three hours after modeling, EA (100 Hz, 0.4, 0.6 mA) was applied to EX-B 2 (T 9, T 11) for 30 min, once daily for 14 d and 28 d, respectively. The ROCK inhibitor (hydrochloride Fasudil, 10 mg/kg) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection immediately after modeling, once a day, continuously for 14 d or 28 d. The expression of RhoA, ROCK Ⅱ and MLC proteins in the spinal cord anterior horn tissue (T 10) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The rats' hindlimb locomotor function was assessed according to Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale (21-points)., Results: After ASCI, the BBB scores were significantly lower in the model group than in the sham group on day 14 and 28 ( P <0.05), and obviously higher in the EA and inhibitor groups than in the model group ( P <0.05), suggesting an improvement of the hindlimb locomotor function after EA intervention or suppression of ROCK. Immunohistochemical results indicated that the numbers of RhoA, ROCK Ⅱ and MLC immune-reaction positive cells in the anterior horn of spinal cord were significantly more in the model group than in the sham group ( P <0.05), and remarkably decreased in both EA and inhibitor groups on day 14 and 28 relevant to the model group ( P <0.05). The therapeutic effects of EA were markedly weaker than those of inhibitor Fasudil in up-regulating BBB score and down-regulating the number of RhoA, ROCK Ⅱ and MLC positive cells ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA of EX-B 2 can improve the hindlimb locomotor function in ASCI rats, which may be associated with its effect in down-regulating the expression of RhoA, ROCK Ⅱ and MLC proteins (i.e., inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway) in the anterior horn of spinal cord.

Fluorescent substances are used as good tracers in dissolved organic matter (DOM) to identify the source of DOM and its geochemical behavior in a hydrological system. However, there are few studies on the karst aquifer system. Many parameters in karst systems affect the DOM spectral information. A typical karst watershed in Northern China was selected in this research. Excitation-emission matrices (EEMs), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), and hydrochemical data were applied to reveal the relationship between the composition and transformation of DOM fluorescent substances in different karst water-bearing spaces. The source of DOM and the effect of water chemistry on DOM transfer were also discussed. The results showed that DOM in exogenous surface water and karst surface water in the Yufu River watershed were mainly composed of tryptophan-like substances, while the DOM in shallow karst water and deep karst water consisted of tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like substances. A comprehensive analysis by fluorescence index (FI), biological index (BIX), and humification index (HIX) displayed that the DOM in shallow and deep karst water resulted from microbial decomposition. In contrast, the DOM in karst surface water and exogenous surface water resulted from land-based input and endogenous microbial decomposition, in which endogenous contributions occupy a large proportion. Due to the chemical parameters of karst water, these three kinds of fluorescent substances extracted by PARAFAC had obviously different characteristics, i.e., ① the tyrosine-like substances had a strong adaptability to Ca 2+ and HCO 3 - , and the proportion of the tyrosine in karst water was relatively large; ② the tryptophan substance followed an opposite trend; and ③ there was a significant positive correlation between fulvic acid and TDS, turbidity, Cl - , and SO 4 2- . Observations of the watershed runoff revealed that the DOM in shallow karst water in the upper reaches came mainly from the soil and microbial degradation. The organic matter underwent a large amount of microbial decomposition and exogenous input when the water was rejuvenated with springs. After infiltration to the deep karst water in the lower reaches, the DOM gradually were converted to low aromatic hydrocarbon organic compounds and decreased macromolecules of DOM. Subsequently, the fluorescence intensity was weakened. The principal component analysis (PCA) extracted three principal components. They were the water mineralization index, soil leaching index, and hydrochemical/biochemical process index. The water mineralization index consists of hydrochemical parameters reflecting the water infiltration, transformation, and flow conditions in the karst system. The soil leaching index contains TOC, NO 3 - , and protein-like indicators relating to the relationship between protein-like substances and soil and natural leaching. The hydrochemical/biochemical process index is composed of Ca 2+ , HCO 3 - , FI, and fulvic acid indicators that illustrate the water chemistry and biochemical processes in the karst water system. In addition, the study also showed that total fluorescence intensity, fulvate-like substances, and protein-like substances can be used as a tracer for rapid seepage, transformation, and aquifer fragility for karst water, respectively. The results of the study are important in understanding the biogeochemical cycle of DOM in the karst water system and also helpful for controlling organic pollution. It also provides a new tool for characterizing the geochemical processes of organic matter in karst system.

To study the evolution of Chinese ancient and modern pharmacopoeia standards and compare the domestic and foreign pharmacopoeias, further understand the international requirements on chrysanthemum quality, and establish a more suitable and modern standard system for high quality Chrysanthemi Flos pieces. Newly Revised Materia Medica, Welfare Pharmacy, Collected Essentials of Species of Materia Medica (Bencao Pinhui Jingyao), Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other herbal remedies in various generations were reviewed to summarize the evolution of domestic standards on Chrysanthemi Flos pieces. Then they were compared with those in European Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia and other foreign Pharmacopoeias to establish a modern and international high-quality Chrysanthemi Flos pieces standard system with Chinese medicine characteristics and produce more internationally recognized high-quality Chinese medicine pieces., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

In order to improve the mechanical stability of the material, the embedded raw material combination was studied in the experiment, and seawater was added to optimize the performance of the material. The results indicated that the optimal material ratio was polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 125 g·L -1 )-alginate sodium (SA 20 g·L -1 )-activated carbon (40 g·L -1 ). The curing time was 18 h. After adding seawater, the beads were found to have larger pore sizes inside, and the pores were distributed unevenly because of the Hofmeister effect. At the same time, the mechanical stability and biological capacity were found to be significantly higher than those of the fresh water group. The Raman spectra analysis showed that the addition of seawater made the-OH on PVA have greater crosslinking reactions with the crosslinker. The activated sludge was used to treat wastewater containing sea water, and after an operation of 21 d, the removal rate of NH 4 + -N was about 90%, and the stoichiometric ratio of △NH 4 + -N:△NO 2 - -N:△NO 3 - -N was stable at 1:(1.04±0.1):(0.17±0.02). From the 21st day to the 46th day, the reactor was run in a steady state. When the nitrogen load rate doubled, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate and stoichiometry had little variations. The total nitrogen removal rate was about 85%, and the total nitrogen removal load rate was 0.2 kg·(m 3 ·d) -1 .

In this work, enrichment and nitrogen removal characteristics of marine anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria were investigated by seeding sediment sludge from the Jiaozhou bay. Experimental results showed that the whole process could be divided into four phases:bacterial lysis phase (1-15 d), lag phase (16-152 d), exponential growth phase (153-183 d) and stationary phase (184-192 d). Compared to freshwater anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria, the lag phase (137 d) was longer. However, the exponential growth phase (30 d) was shorter. Besides, marine anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria were more sensitive to variation in substrate concentration and HRT. The activity delay time caused by inflow and effluent was 5 h, which was far longer than fresh anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria. As a result, the adaptive ability of marine anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria was weaker and it was harder to enrich. After successful enrichment of 192 d, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were 96.98% and 95.66%, respectively. n (NH 4 + -N): n (NO 2 - -N): n (NO 3 - -N) was 1:(1.2±0.2):(0.22±0.06), which was close to the theoretical ratio. NRR NH 4 + -N was 0.080 kg·(m 3 ·d) -1 , which indicated that the activity of marine anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria increased significantly. The enrichment of marine anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria was achieved. The sludge characteristics changed from black to red. SEM observation confirmed that the red granule was cenobium, which consisted of closely spaced micrococcus with smooth surface and crateriform shape.

Objective: To investigate the influence of unilateral cryptorchidism on the levels of serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B in children., Methods: We enrolled 65 patients with unilateral cryptorchidism and 45 healthy children in this study. We measured the length and circumference of the penis, the testis volume in the cryptorchidism side, and the levels of serum AMH and inhibin B at the age of 6 and 12 months, respectively., Results: Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with unilateral cryptorchidism showed significant decreases at 12 months in serum AMH (［108.06±12.40］ vs ［103.26±17.57］ ng/ml, P<0.05) and inhibin B (［77.43±5.66］ vs ［70.21±5.69］ pg/ml, P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the length and circumference of the penis and the testis volume in the cryptorchidism side at 6 and 12 months (P>0.05), or in the levels of serum AMH and inhibin B at 6 months (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Unilateral cryptorchidism affects the gonadal function of the patient, and orchiopexy should be timely performed in order to reduce its impact.

Objective: To study the change of airway mucus secretion under a high temperature and humidity environment, and explore the effects of hot-humid stress and acclimation on the morbidity and mortality of respiratory disease., Methods: Forty-five BABL/c mice were randomly divided into five groups:normal group, hot-humid group I, hot-humid group Ⅱ, hot-humid group Ⅲ, hot-humid group IV, with 9 mice in each group. Mice in normal group were continuously placed in the common environment and sacrificed after 7 days. Mice in other groups were housed in a temperature-and-humidity-controlled environment (33℃±0.5℃, 95%±5%). Mice in hot-humid group I, hot-humid group Ⅱ, hot-humid group Ⅲ and hot-humid group IV were sacrificed after 12 hours, 24 hours, 4 days, 7 days respectively. The protein expression of mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)、epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)、aquaporin 1(AQP1) and aquaporin 5(AQP5) in lung were tested by immunohistochemisty., Results: After housed in a high temperature and humidity environment, immunohistochemisty revealed a significant increase of AQP5 12 h later, MUC5AC and EGFR 24 h later, compared with normal group( P <0.05). There was a significant decrease of MUC5AC 7 d later, compared with normal group( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in MUC5AC, EGFR and AQP5 expression among all groups at other time points. There was no difference of AQP1 in humid heat groups, compared with normal group, but a significant decrease in humid heat Ⅲ and IV groups, compared with humid heat I and Ⅱ groups., Conclusions: These findings indicate that hot-humid stress induces mucus hypersecretion in airways, which may be related to the up-regulation of EGFR and down-regulation of AQP5 in MUC5AC. Although acclimation mitigates above-mentioned response, a series of more complex responses may be induced if still in the hot-humid environment.

Objective: To understand the water infectivity of schistosomes in key water areas of Hanchuan City, and explore the use of sentinel mice in surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis., Methods: Surveillance and forecast sites were set up in North Han River, Diaocha Lake, and Miaowu Ditch in 2014. Sentinel mice （male Kunming mice, n=20 in each site） were placed there within the first ten-day period of June and September, respectively. Field detections lasted 4 h each, for a total of 2 days. The loss and death rates of mice were recorded. Humans and livestocks with activities in these sites were also examined for schistosome infection. The sentinel mice recovered were raised in laboratory for 35 days, dissected, and examined for liver granulomas and adult worm counting. The distribution of sites with positive detections and their infection status were analyzed. Emergency measures were taken in the positive sites., Results: A total of 13（5 sites in North Han River, 5 in Diaocha Lake, and 3 in Miaowu Ditch） surveillance and forecast sites were set up. No infected snail was detected in any of these sites in spring 2014. The detection rate of living snails in North Han River （18.7%, 224/1 201) was significantly higher than that in Diaocha Lake（12.8%, 852/6 644） and in Miaowu Ditch （6.4%, 202/3 147）（P<0.01）. Of the 520 mice placed, 6 were lost, and 514 were recovered, among which 4 mice died during laboratory raising. The remaining 510 sentinel mice were then dissected, revealing infection in 4 mice, with a positive rate of 0.8%. Twenty-seven Schistosoma japonicum worms were collected, and the mean worm burden of positive mice was 6.8 worms per mouse. Three sites (Sansi village, Kangjia village and Doubu village) were found to be positive sites of infection in September, with the detailed number of 2, 1 and 0 in North Han River, Diaocha Lake, and Miaowu Ditch respectively, with a positive rate of 1.5% （3/197）, 0.5% （1/195） and 0 （0/118） in sentinel mice （P>0.05）. In addition, among the 22 cattle found in the 13 sites, 2 were infected with schistosomes; and among the 62 fishermen and boatmen, 2 were infected. Emergency measures were taken in the three positive sites, and no high endemicity occurred., Conclusion: The monitoring of sentinel mice infections can improve the sensitivity of the surveillance and forecast system of schistosomiasis. The infected fishermen and cattle remain the major source of schistosomiasis transmission in Hanchuan City.

In this paper, spatial and temporal distribution, transportation and deposition of PM2.5 in Shandong Province in Spring, 2014 were all analyzed by applying PSAT of CAMx model and we also developed a transport matrix of PM2.5 between different cities in Shandong. The results showed that ρ(PM2.5) presented obvious spatial distribution characteristics; ρ(PM2.5) was higher in the western part compared to that in peninsula and ρ(PM2.5) was mainly concentrated below 2 000 m in vertical direction. Simulated horizontal transport flux of PM2.5 was up to 110 µg.(m2.s)-1 and the total deposition amount of PM2.5 was 23. 05 x 10(4) t in Shandong during Spring, 2014. Analysis of regional contribution found that the pollutants mainly came from local districts and the average external transport contribution to the whole Shandong province was about 21. 08% ± 3. 83% while it was 40. 45% ± 5. 96% between different cities; the contribution rates of Jinjinji distrcit, background and boundary conditions gradually increased by 7. 56% and 6. 18% respectively as the altitude increased.

Objective: To study the endemic trend of schistosomiasis japonica in Hubei Province, so as to provide the theoretical basis for surveillance and forecasting of schistosomiasis., Methods: The time-series auto regression integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to fit the infection rate of residents of Hubei Province from 1987 to 2013, and to predict the short-term trend of infection rate., Results: The actual values of infection rate of residents were all in the 95% confidence internals of value predicted by the ARIMA model. The prediction showed that the infection rate of residents of Hubei Province would continue to decrease slowly., Conclusion: The time-series ARIMA model has good prediction accuracy, and could be used for the short-term forecasting of schistosomiasis.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures based on infection source control in Hanchuan City (marshland and lake endemic regions)., Methods: The data of comprehensive schistosomiasis control in Hanchuan City from 2004 to 2013 were collected, and the change trends of the Oncomelania hupensis snail status and the infection situation of human and livestock were analyzed to evaluate the control effect., Results: After the implementation of the comprehensive measures, the infection rates of residents and cattle decreased from 6.38% and 8.11% in 2004 to 0.16% and 0 in 2013 respectively. There were no acute schistosomiasis patients since 2007, no new infection cases since 2011, and no infected snails since 2012. Compared with 2004, the occurrence rate of frames with living snails and the average density of living snails decreased by 56.78% and 68.35%, respectively, but the snail area and susceptible area increased by 0.62% and 7.10%, respectively. In 2013, all the 367 endemic villages in 26 townships reached the criteria of transmission controlled., Conclusions: The comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures based on infection source control can control the schistosomiasis transmission effectively in marshland and lake endemic regions. When consolidating the achievement, the snail area in inner embankment should be compressed to prevent the schistosome re-infection in human and livestock.

Objective: To understand the change of hydrological regime in the Yangtze River and schistosomiasis endemic situation after the implementation of Three Gorges Project in Hubei Province., Methods: The data of hydrological regime of the Yangtze River, schistosomiasis epidemic situation, and Oncomelania hupensis snail status were collected and analyzed in Hubei Province from 2002 to 2012., Results: After the implementation of the Three Gorges Project in 2003, the water level of the Yangtze River slightly rose from January to March, the average water level in May and August both reduced compared with that in 2002, and the time of water withdrawal was moved up. The endemic situation of schistosomiasis showed a decline tendency in areas along the Yangtze River in Hubei Province. The positive rate of serological tests in the residents and the Schistosoma ja- ponicum infection rate in bovine decreased by 2.97% and 92.64% respectively. The numbers of human and bovine infected with S. japonicum decreased by 48.35% and 94.48%, respectively., Conclusion: After the implementation of the Three Gorges Project, the schistosomiasis endemic situation shows a decline tendency in the areas along the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, but the long-term monitoring still need to be carried out.

Objective: To understand the dynamic schistosomiasis situation in Hubei Province so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective control strategy., Methods: According to the Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in Hubei Province (the 2009 edition) , 207 endemic villages were selected and investigated for the schistosome infections of residents and livestock, and the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails., Results: The average infection rates of residents and cattle were 0.35% and 0.15% respectively, and the endemic situation of fishermen and farmers were relatively serious (0.44% and 0.42%, respectively). The density of living snails was 0.30 snail/0.1m2, but no infected snails were found., Conclusion: The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province was stable in 2013, but the efforts for the infectious source control still should be strengthened.

Objective: To analyze the benefits of facial nerve electromyographic monitoring during parotid tumor surgery., Methods: In the study, 92 patients with parotid tumor who underwent surgery were surveyed. The study group consisted of 46 patients who underwent intraoperative electromyographic monitoring, and 46 patients served as the control group. The incidence of postoperative facial nerve weakness and the operation time were recorded., Results: In the primary parotid tumor resection,the operation time of the study group (6 cases)was (50.0 ± 9.1) min, that of control group (7 cases) was (42.9 ± 5.2) min (P = 0.064) when the facial nerve needed no dissecting; the operation time of the study group (32 cases)was (74.7 ± 28.0) min, that of control group (33 cases) was (75.6 ± 29.8) min (P = 0.893) when the facial nerve needed dissecting. For the patients with revision surgery, the mean operation time in the study group [(117.5 ± 37.8) min] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(175.0 ± 47.8) min], P < 0.05. In the study group, 8 patients suffered from postoperative facial nerve weakness because of tumor characteristics; in the control group, 6 patients suffered from postoperative facial nerve weakness, with 4 cases because of tumor characteristic, and 2 cases because of operator error., Conclusion: The results suggest that continuous electromyographic monitoring of facial nerve during parotidectomy reduces the mean operation time in patients with revision surgery, but not the incidence of postoperative facial paralysis.

Stimulated Raman scattering was studied in water and heavy water using pulse laser at the wavelength of 532nm, not only obtaining the stimulated Raman of O-H and O-D stretching vibration, but also obtaining the stimulated Raman lattice vibration. When the laser energy was 130 mJ, the low frequency Stokes and anti-Stokes 313 cm(-1) line of water could be observed; When the laser energy was 160 mJ, the low frequnecy Stokes and anti-Stokes 280 cm(-1) line of heavy water could be observed. The results were explained by physics mechanism of laser induced plasma.