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The inverse design method of aerodynamic configuration is hard to give a reasonable pressure distribution, and strongly rely on experience of designers. The method has been difficult to adapt to the needs of modern aircraft design. Aiming at the shortcoming of the method, an efficient and robust aerodynamic configuration inverse design method is developed, employing knowledge of machine learning methods and optimization methods. The present method establishes the mapping between the high dimensional data obtained from aerodynamic shape and pressure distribution and the variables in the latent space. Then, the global optimization is carried out in the latent space by using the genetic algorithm. The optimum pressure distribution and the corresponding shape can be obtained. Through the the GTM model with high precision, there is not necessary for the flow solver in the whole iterative process, thus the design efficiency can be enhanced. Besides, by taking the advantage of optimization method, the target pressure distribution can be given in a very flexible way, and does not need to be physically meaningful. This feature can reduce reliance on the design experience. Airfoils in low speed and transonic flow and a three-dimensional laminar nacelle design cases are carried out. It is shown that the method robustly and efficiently converges to the target pressure, and has good engineering application potential.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for early postoperative adverse events (EPAE) after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods A total of 2 193 cases of aortic aneurysm treated in Changhai Hospitaly from 1997 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The perioperative hematological variables in relation to EPAE after EVAR were analyzed. Results The rate of EPAE was 20.8%. Multivariate analysis showed postoperative white cell count (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.16, P=0.08), hemoglobin level (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.83-0.92, P < 0.01), and platelet level (OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, P=0.029) to be independent factors associated with the EPAE. Conclusion Increased white cell count and decreased hemoglobin and platelet levels are independent risk factors for EPAE.

Morgan RSM has been pervasive applicated on high speed wire rod production for its compact-sized,high quality products,high productivity,and so on. The speed ratio with different manufacturing technique requirements can be combined by adjusting 9 clutches. The gears used in which,worked with tapered roller bearings with pre-tightening force. The reliability of the equipment would be seriously reduced by off-gear caused by the abrasion of bearings under the working condition. A localization improvement on rolling bearing units of RSM on high speed wire rod production is described,which would be available for similar project.

Antibiotics have been widely used in the aquatic industry. Enrofloxacin, florfenicol and sulfamethoxazole are three typical antibiotic types of fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole. Their safety reference values in aqua-culture and ecological risks in natural waters have not been clear. In this study, species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was used to determine the biological reference value of typical antibiotics for freshwater aquaculture, and SSD forward method and risk entropy value were used to evaluate the ecological risk of three antibiotics in natural rivers. The results showed that the safety reference values of enrofloxacin, florfenicol and sulfamethoxazole were 58 μg/L, 267 μg/L and 42 μg/L. Potentially affected fraction and risk entropy indicate that there is no ecological risk for the three antibiotics in natural waters. This study provides scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the scientific use of antibiotics in aquatic industry and systematic evaluation of ecological risk of antibiotics in waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a ceramides-dominant mixture was isolated from Incarvillea compacta by silica gel column chromatography and identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry along with identification methods such as H/C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The ceramides-dominant mixture had a total ceramide content of 81.53%, and its anti-inflammatory effect was preliminarily evaluated. Besides, the anti-inflammatory effect of the total ceramides from I. compacta on (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were also investigated. The results of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that the ceramides-dominant mixture from I. compacta (the ceramide preparation) at low concentrations (6.25~50 µg/mL) had no significant effect on the cell viability of RAW264.7 cells. The ceramide preparation significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), with the highest inhibition rate being 91.07%±0.11% when the concentration of the ceramide preparation was 100 µg/mL. The ceramide preparation effectively suppressed them RNA expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs), as well as the protein expressions and phosphorylation of inhibitor-α of NF-κB (IκBα), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase1 (PDK1), protein kinase B (AKT) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results of this study showed that the ceramide preparation has significant anti-inflammatory activity, and can exert its anti-inflammatory effect through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase / protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. The experimental results of thiswork can provide certain scientific and data support for the development of related health foods and rational utilization of plant resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Random wind speed causes frequent load fluctuations in the wind turbine gearbox transmission system, resulting in complex structural deformations and gear deflections, which aggravate the risk of gear contact failure. A novel method to improve the fatigue performance of wind turbine gearbox transmission systems considering the stochastic uncertainty of environmental parameters is proposed. The mapping relationship among wind turbulence intensity-gear modification parameter-gear long-term contact fatigue damage is reconstructed by the surrogate model method based on the dynamic model of the wind turbine transmission system considering global loads. And then, a multi-stage gear modification parameter optimization function considering the probability distribution of wind speed is established and the optimizing fatigue performance is compared. The results show that the long-term gear contact fatigue damage value of the low-speed stage sun gear is more than 0.7, which is one of the weak parts of the high-reliability design of the wind turbine gearbox transmission system. The long-term gear contact fatigue damage values of optimizing gears have been reduced significantly, in which the low-speed stage sun gear has been reduced by 11.37%, so the fatigue performance has been improved significantly.

This study analyzes the transmission principle and structural characteristics of a high-speed-ratio compound gear with small tooth difference. On this basis, the finite element meshing characteristic analysis model of the above gear transmission device is established. The model considers the coupling deformation of 3-stage transmission, the specific structure of the cycloid gear, the output disc, the planet carrier and the case. The stress of each key component and the transmission error of the whole machine are simulated and analyzed, and the dynamic process of the multi-tooth meshing of the pin-cycloid transmission is discussed in detail. The results show that during the operation of the reducer, the stress fluctuation range of each component is small, and they are all far below the yield limit of their materials. The two cycloidal gears always bear the load through a rigid zone and a flexible zone simultaneously. The teeth of the rigid zone are the main bearing zone, and the teeth of the flexible zone are less stressed. The total number of meshing gear teeth of the two cycloidal gears is 9-11. The transmission error curve is stable and periodic, without noticeable long waves, and the peak-to-peak value of the transmission error of the whole machine is 46.719 5″. This research provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of dynamic characteristics and meshing characteristics of the high-speed-ratio compound gear with small tooth difference.

Discomfort of perioperative thirst may affect the recovery of elderly patients after general anesthesia. This paper summarized the influencing factors, evaluation tools and nursing intervention methods of thirst in elderly patients after general anesthesia, in order to provide reference for quality improvement of surgical nursing. (口渴不适感是困扰老年全麻术后患者康复的常见症状。本研究针对口渴的影响因素、评估工具及护理干预方法进行综述, 以期为提高临床护理工作质量提供参考。)

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of second generation flexible low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods A total of 136 patients with lumbar discherniation from September 2016 to June 2018 were selected as the research subjects to study the therapeutic effects of percutaneous puncture of the second generation flexible low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation. Results Patients were followed up for 1 to 3 months, with an average of (3.0± 0. 6) months. The visual analog score of the patients before operation was (5.1±1. 6) points,and the postoperative score was ( 1. 6±0. 9) points,the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Patients were evaluated by the Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score (12. 6±3. 4) before surgery and (23. 0 ± 2. 8) after surgery, the difference was statistically significant (P <0. 05) . Conclusion The second generation of flexible low temperature plasma radiofrequency a blation for the treatment of lumbar discherniation has rapid onset and minimal trauma, and the short term effect is satisfactory. The mid term and long term effects remain to be seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiny head croaker (Collichthy lucidus) is an important bottom fish distributing from the East China Sea to the Yellow Sea. In order to investigate the seasonal variation in diet composition and feeding habits, a total of 270 specimens were collected in the Yangtze Estuary from November, 2013 to August, 2014, and analyzed by using the stomach contents analysis method. The importance of different prey items was evaluated by the frequency of occurrence, abundance and mass followed by using these data to calculate the index of relative importance (IRI) and the index of preponderance (Ip) for each taxonomic category. The results showed that the diet of C. lucidus consisted of 30 species belonging to 8 orders, in which shrimps, with 38.5 IRI% and 79.1 Ip values, was the most important prey species. The followings were Mysidacea and Amphipoda. The dominant species in the diet of C. lucidus were Palaemon gravieri, Exopalaemon annandalei, E. carinicauda, Acanthomysis longirostris, A. brevirostris, Synidotea laevidorsalis and Calanus sinicus. The dominant species in the diet varied in different seasons. P. gravieri, E. annandalei and A. brevirostris were dominant species in spring and summer, A. longirostris, A. brevirostris and E. carinicauda in autumn, and P. gravieri, C. sinicus and Pesudeuphausia sinica in winter. There was 10.4% of total samples with empty stomachs, and the highest percent appeared in winter, and the lowest in autumn. The mean stomach fullness index of the whole samples was 0.6%, with the highest found in spring, the lowest in winter, indicating the feeding activity of C. lucidus varied significantly among seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the choice preference of fish habitat in the Yangtze estuary, juvenile Collichthys lucidus which is the dominant species in spring was selected. The 4 indicator factors, including abundance of Pseudograpsus albus, salinity, substrate type and water depth, were selected from 19 environmental factors. Then, the indices of the habitat suitability curves of the 4 indicator factors were established, and the HSI of juvenile C. lucidus at each site was calculated. The results indicated that HSI was almost more than 0. 5 in North Branch, and less than 0. 2 in South Branch. It showed that the North Branch of Yangtze estuary was the main nursery area of C. lucidus. The most suitable growth sector was the area with salinity more than 14, mean grain size of substrate less than 29 μm and water depth 2 to 5 m, which was consistent with the distribution of HSI. The study demonstrated that biological factors could be characterized by the response of juvenile C. lucidus to the environment. Chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and volatile phenol did not have significant correlation with the fish abundance, with which nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen had significant positive correlation. It suggested that the eutrophication of the survey area had not damaged the habitat of C. lucidus. However, copper ion and cadmium ion had significant negative correlation with the fish abundance, which indicated that the heavy metal pollution had harmed the growth and distribution of juvenile C. lucidus. It was inferred that the heavy metal pollution was the restrictive factor influencing the fish habitat in Yangtze estuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an edible and medicinal crop belonging to family Polygonaceae and it is native to southwest of China, northern India, Bhutan and Nepal. The seeds are widely consumed as daily diet and traditional medicine, such as tartary buckwheat flour, noodles, bread, tea, vinegar, sprouts, etc. Tartary buckwheat is one of the most complete and nutritional foods and rich in minerals, vitamins, proteins, dietary fiber, amino acids, trace elements, and various bioactive phytochemicals. Thus, interest in the use of tartary buckwheat for health benefits is growing, and the market demand is increasing. However, the major tartary buckwheat production is in hilly and high-cold mountainous areas. Because of the inconvenience in transportation and lack of communication with outside, the mechanization of farming in these areas is still under developed, which seriously limits the development of tartary buckwheat industry. As we known, mechanization for farming is important in increase of farm productivity and improving efficiency for modern agriculture production. In order to investigate the feasibility of mechanized seeding technology and the measures of improving the mechanical sowing quality of tartary buckwheat in the hilly areas, a field experiment with three sowing depth (2, 4, 6 cm) and soil-covering (no-covering as CK) was conducted to study quality of tartary buckwheat seedlings during the growing season of 2012 at the farm of Jintang county in Sichuan Province. The results showed that sowing depth was the most important factor, and the optimum depth was 4 cm. The emergence rate, seedling number, seedling rate, root activity, stem diameter, dry matter, area per plant and leaf chlorophyll content of the treatment of 2 cm sowing depth decreased significantly (p<0.05) as compared to 4 cm sowing depth. Besides, the 6 cm sowing depth resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower emergence rate, plant height, dry matter weight, area per plant, stem diameter and leaf chlorophyll content as compared to the treatment of 4 cm sowing depth. Compared with the treatment of no soil-covering, the emergence rate, root activity, dry matter and length of underground stem were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced by the treatment of soil-covering. Results from the principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that there were large differences among the tartary buckwheat seedling quality among different sowing depth treatments, and soil-covering enhanced the change of these qualities. The high root activity, plant height, total dry matter weight and root dry weight, large stem diameter and area per plant, moderate length of underground stem and short length of cotyledonary node served as the indicators for good tartary buckwheat seedling quality. Above all, the sowing depth of 4 cm with soil-covering was beneficial to improve the quality of tartary buckwheat seedling, which can be recommended in the hilly areas of southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment mostly studies simulation of aperture distribution by computer. It confirms the relation of apparent distribution and sincere distribution by the computer simulation. This article introduces the target and contents of the this task first; then explains the study items which include molding means of foam, influence of bleb, experiment method of determine aperture distribution, Monte Carlo method and randomicity. Finally it explains the VB program of simulation aperture distribution. This experiment gains aperture distribution curve at last. This can consumedly advance dependability of confirm foam bosom aperture distribution by section photos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces Fourier transformation, and its important role of fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the analysis of signal spectrum. According to the important properties of polymer materials--viscoelasticity, the paper deals with the spectral analysis by using fast Fourier transform and computer software MATLAB. It explores possibility of spectrum analysis of the methods using polymer materials by using fast Fourier transform, at least the possibilities in the experimental polymer material impact on the spectrum. From these results, it maybe extend the application of Fourier transform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study that evaluates the effects of sodium molybdate on apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage of TM3 mouse Leydig cells.

The article focuses on a study related to determining the effect of molybdenum on nitric oxide metabolism and hepatocellular injury in sheep. Topics discussed include the use of chemical colorimetry, flow cytometry and ultrastructural pathology to examine the effect of molybdenum, presence of increased concentration of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in liver, and the effect of superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxide activities.

Based on watershed algorithm a new method to remove nonbrain tissue and segment brain magnetic resonance (MR) images automatically was presented. Region merging technique was used to overcome the oversegmentation. Through appropriate choice of parameters, brain tissue can be extracted. Subsequently, a fully automated procedure was designed to segment the MR images with only brain tissue that is a combination of three existing techniques: watershed algorithm, region merging technique and κ-means algorithm from pattern recognition. Results were presented to show its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-label classification refers to the classification problem where multiple labels may coexist in a single sample. It has been widely applied in fields such as text classification, image classification, music and video classification. Unlike traditional single-label classification problems, multi-label classification problems become more complex due to the possible correlation or dependence among labels. In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning technology, many multi-label classification methods combined with deep learning have gradually become a research hotspot. Therefore, this paper summarizes the multi-label classification methods from the traditional and deep learning-based perspectives, and analyzes the key ideas, representative models, and advantages and disadvantages of each method. In traditional multi-label classification methods, problem transformation methods and algorithm adaptation methods are introduced. In deep learning-based multi-label classification methods, the latest multi-label classification methods based on Transformer are reviewed particularly, which have become one of the mainstream methods to solve multi-label classification problems. Additionally, various multi-label classification datasets from different domains are introduced, and 15 evaluation metrics for multi-label classification are briefly analyzed. Finally, future work is discussed from the perspectives of multi-modal data multi-label classification, prompt learning-based multi-label classification, and imbalanced data multi-label classification, in order to further promote the development and application of multi-label classification.

In order to solve the problem of selecting missile health state evaluation indexes and the mapping relationship between the selected indexes and missile health state, a missile health state prediction method based on CA-RBF neural network is proposed. Firstly, the influencing factors of missile health state are analyzed through missile life profile, and the quantitative method is given. Then, the corresponding analysis (CA) method is used to screen the influencing factors of missile health state. Taking the selected factors and the evaluation results of missile health state as the input and output of neural network, the training samples of RBF neural network are established to predict the missile health state. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. This method can provide a new idea for the selection of missile health state indexes and missile health state prediction, and provide a basis for missile preventive maintenance decision-making.

It is a long-debated issue if there is a chemical structure change and gas generation during coal deformation and if so, what is the mechanism of gas generation. In our work, sub-high-temperature and sub-high-pressure deformation experiments were performed on fat coal, and during the experiments, excluded the impact of the residual gas in coals and the process of pyrolysis. The gas generated in the experiments were collected for examination and the chemical variations of coals under different deformation conditions were revealed by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Conclusions are achieved as following; The middle-rank coal can generate methane during the deformation process; The amount of collected gas in the experiments, which shows an increasing trend with the reinforcement of coal deformation, is affected by the experimental temperature, confining pressure and axial pressure; By contrast, the content of carbon and hydrogen element as well as methyl shows a decrease trend with the enhancement of coal deformation. Based on the above results, conclude that the deformation under tectonic stress can not only change the physical structure of the coal, but also change its chemical structure, and thus contributes to the generation of methane. Further evidence demonstrate that the more strongly it deforms, the more carbon, hydrogen and methyl will decrease, and meantime the more methane will be produced. Besides, we also propose that the methane can exist in coals not only by physical adsorption as we typically expect, but also in the form of weak chemical bonds, which is chemisorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the ability of biofilm formation in 55 strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and their correlation with Uu resistance to macrolides. Methods: After in vitro biofilm cultures, optical density (OD) values of extracellular matrix of biofilm of Uu 55 strains were measured semi-quantitatively. The drug sensitivity tests (erythromycin, azithromycin, josamycin and clindamycin) were performed before and after biofilm formation. Paired t-test was used to determine the significances between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Uu and the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) for Uu biofilm. The relationship between OD value and log2 (MBIC/MIC) value was analyzed with simple linear regression. Results: For 55 Uu strains, MBICs were higher than MIC for all four antibiotics (all P

Intelligence quotient (IQ) and adaptive behavior are the influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children entering mainstream schools. This study explored the association between parental education level, IQ, and adaptive behavior in ASD groups. A total of 257 school-age ASD children were enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2021. Their parents completed a standard demographic form, including age at autism diagnosis, gender, school placement, and parents' educational background. The Chinese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) was completed by a certified assessor for each enrolled child. Parents were interviewed on adaptive behavior using the Chinese version of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition (ABAS-II). The average IQ of school-age ASD children was 76.88 (standard deviation (SD)=22.62) and boys had higher IQ levels than girls. The IQ was positively correlated with age. The General Adaptive Composite (GAC) score was 82.47 (SD=15.86) and adaptive behavior did not increase with age. ASD children who attended mainstream schools had better adaptive behavior profiles than other children. The mother's education level showed a significant correlation with the IQ and adaptive behavior of autistic children, while the father's education level did not. Consequently, better training and support for parents may help autistic children enter mainstream schools, with adaptive training being the most urgently required skill for parents.

To alleviate the problems of eutrophication and blue algae accumulation in water, biochar was prepared from blue algae dehydrated using polymerized ferrous sulfate(PFS) to absorb phosphate in water, and the biochar was activated using steam to adjust the pore structure. The preparation conditions of blue algae biochar were optimized using the response surface method. The optimal results were as follows:the dosage of PFS was 458 mg·L -1 , the carbonization temperature was 433℃, and the mass ratio of biochar precursor to steam was 1:11. Biochar without PFS(F 0 H 11 -433) and biochar with PFS(F 458 H 11 -433) were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), zeta potential, and Raman spectra(Raman) were used to study whether blue algae biochar and PFS had a synergic effect on phosphate removal. The results showed that:compared with F 0 H 11 -433, iron oxide appeared on the surface, the zero point of charge(pH pzc ) increased from 4.41 to 6.19, and the disorder and defect degree of biochar was increased in F 458 H 11 -433. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model were suitable for describing the adsorption process of F 458 H 11 -433, and the saturated adsorption capacity was 31.97 mg·g -1 . F 458 H 11 -433 had excellent phosphorus removal efficiency in actual lake water, and the residual phosphate content of effluent was less than 0.025 mg·L -1 . In the presence of several common anions, it still showed excellent selective adsorption. After five cycles, the phosphate removal of F 458 H 11 -433 still reached 75.78%, indicating that F 458 H 11 -433 had the characteristic of being renewable. Combined with the material characterization results before and after adsorption, the phosphorus removal mechanism of F 458 H 11 -433 mainly involved electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange.

This study aims to observe the effects of diosgenin on the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c), heat shock protein 60(HSP60), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase(MCAD), and short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase(SCAD) in the liver tissue of the rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and explore the mechanism of diosgenin in alleviating NAFLD. Forty male SD rats were randomized into five groups: a control group, a model group, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) diosgenin groups, and a simvastatin(4 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) group. The rats in the control group were fed with a normal diet, while those in the other four groups were fed with a high-fat diet. After feeding for 8 weeks, the body weight of rats in the high-fat diet groups increased significantly. After that, the rats were administrated with the corresponding dose of diosgenin or simvastatin by gavage every day for 8 weeks. The levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), alanine transaminase(ALT), and aspartate transaminase(AST) in the serum were determined by the biochemical method. The levels of TG and TC in the liver were measured by the enzyme method. Oil-red O staining was employed to detect the lipid accumulation, and hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining to detect the pathological changes in the liver tissue. The mRNA and protein levels of mTOR, SREBP-1c, HSP60, MCAD, and SCAD in the liver tissue of rats were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. Compared with the control group, the model group showed increased body weight, food uptake, liver index, TG, TC, ALT, and AST levels in the serum, TG and TC levels in the liver, lipid deposition in the liver, obvious hepatic steatosis, up-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of mTOR and SREBP-1c, and down-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of HSP60, MCAD, and SCAD. Compared with the model group, the rats in each treatment group showed obviously decreased body weight, food uptake, liver index, TG, TC, ALT, and AST levels in the serum, TG and TC levels in the liver, lessened lipid deposition in the liver, ameliorated hepatic steatosis, down-regulated mRNA and protein le-vels of mTOR and SREBP-1c, and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of HSP60, MCAD, and SCAD. The high-dose diosgenin outperformed the low-dose diosgenin and simvastatin. Diosgenin may prevent and treat NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of mTOR and SREBP-1c and promoting the expression of HSP60, MCAD, and SCAD to reduce lipid synthesis, improving mitochondrial function, and promoting fatty acid β oxidation in the liver.

Objective: To analyze the access channels on nutritional health knowledge of Chinese residents aged 18-64 years in 2021., Methods: A multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select 302 survey sites across the country, there were 102 398 people surveyed, with 98 424 valid questionnaires, 49.4% male and 42.0% urban, with an average age of(38.5±12.2) years old. A standardized questionnaire certified by experts and evaluated for reliability and validity was used to conduct the face-to-face survey. Descriptive statistics were used to report the access channels on nutrition and health knowledge of respondents, and the proportion of access channels of respondents with different characteristics was compared by chi-square test., Results: The access channels on nutrition and health knowledge of Chinese residents aged 18-64 in 2021 were, in descending order, WeChat/Microblog/Tik Tok/Kuaishou and other software(77.0%), TV/radio(55.7%), family/relatives/friends(41.8%), books/newspapers/journals/magazines(32.5%), website search(30.7%), promotional lectures(29.3%) and other(1.9%). A high proportion of people who access nutrition and health knowledge through software, website searches and books/newspapers were mostly from the lower age groups, higher education groups, urban and eastern regions. People with a high proportion of access through TV/radio, family/relatives/friends and promotional lectures were mostly from the higher age groups, lower education groups, rural and western areas(P&lt;0.001). Women are more likely than men to obtain nutrition and health information from all channels except website search. The higher the level of education, the higher the level of concern for nutrition and health knowledge(P&lt;0.001)., Conclusion: In 2021, the top access channel for Chinese residents aged 18-64 to obtain nutrition and health knowledge is WeChat/Microblog/Tik Tok/Kuaishou and other software. There are differences in access channels for different groups of people.

Objective: To analyze the age distribution of nutrition and health knowledge level of Chinese residents aged 18-64., Methods: A total of 102 398 residents aged 18-64 were selected from 302 survey sites in China by multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a total of 98 567 respondents were included in the study. Both mean and rate were calculated by complex sampling weighting., Results: The nutrition and health knowledge score of residents aged 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 years old in China were(65.1±11.4) points, (64.6±11.7) points, (64.7±12.0) points, (62.2±12.8) points and(59.5±13.3) points. The nutrition and health knowledge awareness rates were 20.3%, 19.1%, 20.3%, 16.9% and 12.1%, respectively(P&lt;0.001). A decreasing trend in all dimensions and overall nutrition and health knowledge with increasing age was found(β&lt;0, P&#95;(trend)&lt;0.001). This trend was also reflected across gender or regions. While the trend of nutrition and health knowledge level with age varies with different literacy levels. Differences in knowledge points with positive response rates &lt;30% by age groups., Conclusion: The level of nutrition and health knowledge among Chinese adult residents of all ages is relatively low in 2021, but the knowledge shortcomings are different.

Objective: To analyze the supply and demand adaptation of nursery care services for children under 3 in Sichuan Province and to provide strategic suggestions for optimizing nursery care services in Sichuan Province., Methods: Data on the supply and demand of nursery school services in all 21 cities (prefectures) of Sichuan Province were collected with questionnaires for nursery care institutions and family needs questionnaires. Applying the theory of supply and demand adaptability, we analyzed the adaptability of nursery care services in Sichuan Province in four dimensions, including relevance, adaptability, accessibility and quality., Results: A total of 6883 valid institutional questionnaires and 41081 valid family questionnaires were collected. The analysis of the adaptability of supply and demand showed that there was insufficient adaptability in all four dimensions of relevance, adaptability, accessibility, and quality of nursery care services for children under 3 in Sichuan Province, which was characterized by the coexistence of insufficient supply and underutilization of services, the mismatch between the structure of services provided and the needs of families with children under 3, low economic accessibility for the general population, and low quality of services., Conclusion: There is insufficient adaptability in the supply and demand of nursery care services for children under 3 in Sichuan Province. Demand-oriented supply-side reforms should be implemented to promote the construction of a system of government-subsidized affordable nursery care services, reinforced support for the care of infants and toddlers for families, standardized management of infant and toddler care institutions, and the implementation of various supportive policies so as to comprehensively meet the diversified needs of infant and toddler care and promote their healthy growth., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Based on the land quality geochemical survey results in the southwest cultivated area of Nanyang Basin, the content, spatial distribution, and enrichment characteristics of Ge in surface soil (0-20 cm) and deep soil (150-200 cm) in the eastern mountainous area of Nanyang Basin were studied, and the influencing factors of Ge in the surface soil were analyzed. The results showed that the average ω (Ge) in the surface soil and deep soil were 1.39 mg·kg -1 and 1.45 mg·kg -1 , respectively. In the study area, 32.22% of surface soil and 12.77% of surface soil was rich in Ge, and the rich areas of the surface soil Ge were mainly distributed in the metamorphic rock and granite-dominant development areas. The optimal theoretical model of surface soil Ge variogram in the study area was a spherical model, and the nugget effect value was 0.434, indicating that surface soil Ge had moderate spatial correlation due to the joint influence of random factors and structural factors. The enrichment factor showed that 93.61% of Ge sites in the topsoil were mainly affected by natural factors, whereas 6.39% of Ge sites were significantly affected by human factors. The source of Ge in soil in the study area was mainly affected by the parent materials of soil formation, but the enrichment of Ge in surface soil was mainly affected by the Fe, Mn oxides, quartz, and pH in the soil.

With the continuously increasing demands of plastic products in the current society, the challenge of disposing plastic waste is constantly increasing, leading to the urgent need of mitigating plastic pollution. As a consequence, much attention has been paid to biodegradable plastics due to their degradability in a bio-active environment under certain conditions. Biodegradable plastics herald vast development potentials and considerable market prospects. The degradation of numerous types of biodegradable plastics will be affected by many factors. A thorough understanding of degradation mechanisms as well as functional microbial strains and enzymes is the key to comprehensive utilization and efficient treatment and disposal of biodegradable plastics. The article summarized the types, properties, advantages and disadvantages, and main applications of common biodegradable plastics. The degradation mechanisms, functional microbial strains and enzymes, as well as the degradation degree and duration under different environmental conditions, were also summarized. This review may help better understand the degradation of biodegradable plastics wastes.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy, safety and the risk factors affecting prognosis of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated by cladribine-based intensified conditioning regimen., Methods: The clinical data of 28 patients with high-risk AML treated by cladribine in combination with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (BuCy) intensified conditioning regimen before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from October 2016 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The overall survival (OS) rate, cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) rate, relapse rate, non-relapse mortality (NRM), regimen related toxicity (RRT) and risk factors affecting prognosis of the patients were analyzed., Results: The 1-year OS and PFS of the patients after implantation was (78.8±8.6)% and (79.8±8.1)%, while the 1-year cumulative relapse rate and NRM of the patients was 9.3% and 22.0%, respectively. The 1-year expected OS of MRD - high-risk patients before HSCT was 100%. The 1-year expected OS and PFS of the patients in pre-transplant relapse group was (46.9±18.7)% and (50.0±17.7)%, respectively. The incidence of I/II grade RRT was 39.3%. NO III/IV grade RRT were found in 28 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that pre-transplant relapse was the independent risk factor affecting OS and PFS of the patients., Conclusion: The intensified conditioning regimen of cladribine in combination with BuCy can reduce the relapse rate of high-risk AML transplantation, and its RRT is mild, exhibiting good safety. MRD - high-risk patients before HSCT can achieve better transplant benefits, but the prognosis of patients with relapse before transplantation is not significantly improved. Therefore, for non-relapsed high-risk AML patients, this intensified conditioning regimen deserves to be considered.

The spatial distribution, pollution degree, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil were studied by analyzing the contents of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cu and pH values in surface soil samples of the eastern mountainous area of the Nanyang basin. The results showed that the contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As in the soil exceeded the screening value of soil pollution risk. The spatial distribution of soil heavy metals displayed regional-and island-shaped. The highest concentration of heavy metals was found in the south of the study area, where a mining area is located. Most of the samples had no pollution levels except some samples with high contents of Cd. For As, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cu, the potential ecological risk of most samples were low, while Cd and Hg posed medium risk in most areas. The areas with high and relatively high ecological risk index accounted for 58.93% and 37.66%, respectively. Soil Hg, Cd, and Pb contents were related to anthropogenic activities such mineral mining. As derives from geological processes, while Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cu are both controlled by anthropogenic activities and geological processes. The mining of mineral resources is the main driving factor of soil heavy metal pollution and ecological risk in the study area.

Objective: To summarize the complications of core drilling intramedullary nail in the treatment of femoral shaft closed fracture and explore the treatment strategy., Methods: From August 2014 to June 2018, a total of 215 patients with closed femoral shaft fractures were treated with closed reduction core drill intramedullary nail, including 129 males and 86 females, aged from 18 to 62 years, with an average of (44.2±10.6) years old. The time from injury to operation was 3 to 21 days. There were 102 cases of AO type A fracture, 82 cases of AO type B fracture and 31 cases of AO type C fracture. The time of operation, the amount of blood loss during operation, the duration of hospitalization, the time of fracture healing and the HSS score of knee joint function at the last follow-up were recorded. The observation of complications included:iatrogenic fracture, core drill broken, core drill twist, postoperative infection, and fracture nonunion., Results: The average operation time was (63.2± 15.6) min and intraoperative blood loss was (150.0±34.5) ml. All the incisions reached grade A healing. Patients were follow up for a mean of (18.5±3.2) months, the average hospital stay was (4.3±1.2) days, and the average fracture healing time was (5.6±2.3) months. At the final follow-up, the average HSS score of knee joint was 90.3±4.7. Related complications occurred in 37 cases (17.2%). The core drill related complications occurred in 13 cases (6.0%), including core drill broken in 5 cases (2.3%), core removal in 1 case and slotting in 4 cases;core drill twist in 8 cases (3.7%). After the core was cut, the core was removed. Similar complicationsof conventional intramedullary nail:iatrogenic fracture was performed in 12 cases (5.6%), including 10 cases of fracture end split and 2 cases of distal perimedullary fracture of intramedullary nail. The patients with cleavage at the fracture end were not treated after judging their stability, and the patients with fracture around the distal end of the intramedullary nail were fixed with auxiliary steel plate during operation;1 case(0.4%) with delayed infection after operation, debridement and external fixation was replaced and healed after bone transfer; fracture nonunion occurred in 11 cases (5.1%), of which 7 cases (3.3%) were hypertrophic nonunion and healed with additional plate. Atrophic nonunion occurred in 4 cases (1.9%), which healed after additional steel plate and bone graft., Conclusion: Core drilling intramedullary nail is an effective method for the treatment of closed femoral shaft fracture, and the complications include core drill related complications and conventional intramedullary nail similar complications. Accurate preoperative evaluation, careful operation during operation and early postoperative symptomatic treatment can effectively reduce the occurrence of related complications.

Objective: To study and analyze the clinical effect of the self-developed new adjustable weight-bearing rehabilitation brace in the rehabilitation of the femoral intertrochanteric fracture after the operation of PFNA., Methods: From July 2015 to June 2017, 62 patients with typeⅡ (Evans-Jensen classification) intertrochanteric fracture of femur were treated with PFNA internal fixation. There were 11 males and 19 females in the routine rehabilitation group, with an average age of (70.73± 6.09) years;17 males and 15 females in the brace rehabilitation group, with an average age of (71.25±6.60) years. Among them, the patients in the routine rehabilitation group recovered according to the routine method, and the patients in the support rehabilitation group used the self-developed new adjustable weight-bearing rehabilitation support of lower limbs to assist the early rehabilitation. The pain intensity(VAS score), weight-bearing of affected limb, clinical healing time of fracture, Harris score and complications were recorded and analyzed., Results: Nine patients lost their visit half a year later, the other 53 patients were followed up for 9 to 18 months. The VAS score at 1, 3, 6 months after operation of brace rehabilitation group was lower than that of routine rehabilitation group( P <0.05). The weight bearing of the limbs in the rehabilitation group was significantly higher than that in the conventional rehabilitation group( P <0.05), but the clinical healing time of fracture in the brace rehabilitation group was shorter than that in the routine rehabilitation group( P <0.05). In addition, the Harris score of the postoperativebrace rehabilitation group was better than that of the conventional rehabilitation group( P <0.05). The incidence of complications was lower than that of the conventional rehabilitation group( P =0.048)., Conclusion: In the rehabilitation of Evans Jensen typeⅡintertrochanteric fracture after PFNA internal fixation, the new self-developed adjustable weight-bearing rehabilitation brace can significantly relieve postoperative pain, regulate and moderately increase the stress stimulation at the fracture end, so as to promote fracture healing, accelerate the recovery of hip joint function, reduce the incidence of complications, and its clinical effect is safe and reliable.

Objective: To learn the knowledge level on &quot;salt and health&quot;, and analyze the influence on related behavior among school teachers in four Chinese cities., Methods: The data of 2014 salt KAP among urban residents in China was used, with stratified random cluster sampling, a total of 2518(male 708, female 1810) school teachers were selected from four cities of China, including Shenyang, Wuhan, Chengdu and Guangzhou city. Self-filled questionnaire was used to collect the information on the salt intake knowledge and behavior. The statistical software package SAS version 9. 4 was used for data analysis., Results: Among the teachers in four Chinese cities, about 50. 9% of them knew the recommendation of salt intake, about 66. 6% of them knew sodium in the salt may influence health. Approximately 85. 3% of them knew eating long-term salty food may cause hypertension. The proportions of knowing salt intake among female, 40 years and older, below the undergraduate, higher family income teachers were higher than their counterparts(P&lt;0. 05). The proportions of knowing the health influence of sodium among female, higher family income teachers were higher than their counterparts(P&lt;0. 05). The proportions of knowing that eating long-term salty food may cause hypertension among female, undergraduate and above, higher family income teachers were higher than their counterparts(P&lt;0. 05). About 80. 1% of them knew the nutrition labeling on the package food, about 19. 7% of them knew the nutrition labeling contents. Teachers utilized nutrition labeling differently owing to their knowledge on the labeling contents(P&lt;0. 05). In the past three months, about 21. 4% of the teachers always use low-sodium salt when cooking, only 4. 2% of them always control their family's salt intake by using salt control spoon, about 25. 4% of them always choose low-sodium food when purchasing, only 15. 1% of the teachers requested the meals cooked lightly when eating out. The proportions of teachers who used low-sodium salt among female, higher family income, knowing salt intake recommended, knowing the health influence of sodium, knowing that long-term salty food may cause hypertension, active learning related knowledge, family members suffering from hypertension were higher than their counterparts(P&lt;0. 05). The proportions of using salt control spoon among teachers under Bachelor's degree, active learning related knowledge were higher than their counterparts(P&lt;0. 05). The proportions of teachers purchasing low-sodium food among 40 years and older, under Bachelor's degree, higher family income, knowing salt intake recommended, knowing the health influence of sodium, knowing that long-term salty food may cause hypertension, family members not suffering from hypertension, active learning related knowledge were higher than their counterparts(P&lt;0. 05). The proportions of teachers requesting the meals cooked slightly when eating-out among 40 years and older, under Bachelor's degree, not knowing salt intake recommended, not knowing that long-term salty food may cause hypertension, not knowing if their family members suffered from hypertension, active learning related knowledge were higher than their counterparts(P&lt;0. 05). The teachers consumed soy sauce, bean paste, fried bread stick differently owing to their knowledge about this(P&lt;0. 05)., Conclusion: The teachers in the four cities have grasped some knowledge on salt and health, but their related behaviors should be improved to reduce the salt intake.

Objective: To analysis the usage status of salt control spoon and explore its influencing factors among student caregivers of four cities., Methods: The data of 2014 salt knowledge, attitude, practice(KAP) survey among urban residents in China was used, which a total of 12 848 student caregivers(male 4862, female 7986) were recruited from Guangzhou, Wuhan, Chengdu and Shenyang by stratified random cluster sampling method. A self-filling questionnaire survey was used to collect information about knowledge of salt and usage of salt control spoon. Logistic regression model was used to explore influencing factors of salt control spoon usage effected by gender, education level, family income, salt related knowledge, etc. ., Results: The proportion of student caregivers who didn&apos;t know salt control spoon was 33. 3%, and 41. 9% of them knew salt control spoon but hadn&apos;t it. Only 24. 8% of them have heard of salt control spoon and had it at home. The proportion of having not heard salt control spoon among Wuhan, male, junior high school and below, other occupation and low family income group was higher than other groups. The proportion of having salt control spoon of groups in Guangzhou, female, high school and above, professional technical and clerical personnel, high family income was higher than other groups, and the difference was statistically significant(P&lt;0. 01). Among the student caregivers having salt control spoon, the proportion of did not used salt control spoon, used it occasionally or used it without controlling the quantity and used it often and controlled the quantity was 10. 0%, 60. 6% and 29. 5%, respectively. The student caregivers of Shenyang, male, high family income groups used salt control spoon and controlled the quantity more often than the other groups, and the difference was statistically significant(P&lt;0. 05). As shown in multivariate logistic regression analysis, the OR(95%CI) of high school and above, high income level, knowing the recommended intake of salt, knowing that high salt diet can cause high blood pressure on the influence of having salt control spoon was 1. 328(1. 221-1. 445), 1. 268(1. 029-1. 563), 1. 243(1. 145-1. 348)and 0. 838(0. 763-0. 921), respectively. Among the student caregivers who having salt control spoon, the OR(95%CI) of knowing the recommended intake of salt, knowing that high salt diet can cause high blood pressure, and source of salt control spoon(community/unit, friends/relatives) on the influence of using salt control spoon was 1. 473(1. 259-1. 722), 1. 249(1. 040-1. 501)and 0. 505(0. 415-0. 615)/0. 603(0. 441-0. 823), respectively., Conclusion: There still existed lower proportion of awareness and usage of salt control spoon.

Objective: To understand behaviors and influence factors on household food safety among caregivers of child aged 3-12 years old., Methods: A total of 12 449 caregivers of children aged 3-12 years were selected using random sampling method in Shanghai Municipality, Sichuan and Hebei Provinces from September 2018 to December 2018. A city and a rural district were chosen from each region points, respectively, then 3-4 kindergartens and 2-3 primary schools were randomly selected. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to parents and collected timely, focused on the information of behaviors on food safety. Binary logistic regression was used to multiple-factor regression analysis on food safety behavior of children caregivers., Results: The average score of household food safety behaviors in three provinces was 13.5(11.0-16.0), and the pass rate of correct behavior was 47.8%. The main problems included the correct defrost of frozen food(3.4%), the storage of food with anti-rat, cockroach, fly facilities(12.8%), never eat leftovers or if leftovers in the refrigerator at home, thoroughly heating(26.3%), and the preparation of raw and cooked food using separate cutting boards/knives(32.4%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the pass rate of correct behavior in Hebei was lower than that in Shanghai, the odds ratio(OR) was 0.873(95%CI 0.794-0.960); parents aged 31-40, 41-50 and above of 50 was higher than that of parents aged 18-30, OR were 1.391(95%CI 1.247-1.552), 1.836(95%CI 1.589-2.121) and 1.954(95%CI 1.269-3.009), respectively; the education level of junior college and above was higher than that of primary school and below, OR was 1.392(95%CI 1.088-1.781) and 1.466(95%CI 1.148-1.870), respectively; the median and high level of family economic income were higher than the low level of income, with an OR value of 1.396(95%CI 1.260-1.547) and 2.543(95%CI 2.069-3.126), respectively; the incidence of food poisoning in the past six months was higher than that without food poisoning, with an OR value of 1.639(95%CI 1.336-2.010)., Conclusion: The correct behaviors level on food safety is relative low.

Objective: To describe the distributions of the diabetes related gene variants among Chinese population born in early 1960s., Methods: A total of 1983 subjects( 770 male, 1213 female) were selected from the cross-sectional 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance. The 45 diabetes related single nucleotide polymorphism( SNPs) were detected by the Mass Array. The distributions of these risk allele in the current study were compared with the result of Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry, Japanese in Tokyo, African ancestry inSouthwest USA and Han Chinese in Beijing from the 1000 Genomes project., Results: Among Chinese population born in 1960-1961 and 1963, significant differences in the frequency of the risk allele of rs17584499, rs10906115, rs10886471 and rs11257655 were found between male and female. Compared to the female population, the male have the higher frequency in rs17584499( χ~2= 4. 270, P = 0. 039) and rs10906115( χ~2= 4. 254, P = 0. 039), while lower frequency of risk allele in rs10886471( χ~2= 6. 199, P = 0. 013)and rs11257655( χ~2= 5. 644, P = 0. 018). There was ethnic difference in the frequency of most of the risk alleles, and the difference between the Chinese population and the European ancestry or African ancestry were higher than between the Chinese population and Japanese population., Conclusion: The distributions of the diabetes risk alleles among the Chinese population born in early 1960 s have slight gender difference only in few SNPs. There is significant ethnic difference in the frequency of risk allele in most of the diabetes related SNPs.

Objective: To describe the status of sedentary activities of the Chinese pupils in the leisure time, and to provide basic information for developing intervention strategies., Methods: Utilizing the data of 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance, using the multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling method, a total of 39 242 pupils on sedentary activities including watching TV, using computer, playing computer games, reading and doing homework, was analyzed. Age and sex standardization was performed based on the China 2009 population published by National Statistics Bureau. The sedentary time after weight adjustment for complex sampling was reported to analyze the time distribution of Chinese pupils., Results: The average time of Chinese pupils' sedentary activities was 2. 92 h/d. There was significant difference between the urban and rural area( 3. 04 h vs 2. 81 h), the boys spent more time slightly on the sedentary activities in their spare time. The senior high school students spent more time on the sedentary activities than the junior school students( 3. 45 h vs 3. 06h), who spent more time than the elementary school students( 3. 06 h vs 2. 60 h). The prevalence of engaging sedentary activities longer than 2 hours was 86. 2%, there was significant difference between the urban and rural area( 87. 5% vs 85. 1%) and the ratio of boys and girls was 86. 4% and 86. 0%, respectively. More senior high school students engaged in sedentary activities longer than 2 hours daily than the junior school students, and the proportion of the junior school students engaged in sedentary activities longer than2 hours was higher than the elementary school students. The average daily homework time was 1. 48 h, and boys spent less time on homework than girls slightly( 1. 44 h vs 1. 52 h). Pupils in the senior school engaged more time in their homework than the junior school students( 1. 90 h vs 1. 62 h). and pupils in the junior school engaged more time in their homework than the elementary school students( 1. 62 h vs 1. 20 h)., Conclusion: Chinese pupils engaged too much time in sedentary activities in the leisure time, so it is recommended that schools and families create a supportive environment, encouraging the children to reduce their sedentary activities and to improve their physical activity levels.